Unit 5 The Value of Money-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（人教版）

Unit 5 The Value of Money 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：过去将来时 ☆同步语法二：情态动词表推测 语法精讲精练 (一）)基本定义 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间点看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它并非独立的时间段， 而是相对于过去的一个“未来”视角。在高考中，常出现在间接引语、宾语从句、特定句型（如 was/were about to do)以及虚拟语气中，是语法填空、短文改错的易错点。 (二)核心结构与形式 结构类型 句式 例句 含义侧重 最通用，表从过去 would+动词原 肯定：would do否定： He said he would 看将要发生的事 形 would not do come the next day. (常为意愿、打算 或推测) She was going to was/were 肯定：was/were going to 强调计划、打算或 going to+动词 do否定：wasn't/weren't buy a new phone, 迹象表明即将发生 原形 but she changed going to do her mind. 表示按计划或安排 肯定：was/were to do否 The meeting was to was/were to 即将发生（较正 动词原形 定：wasn't/weren'tto start at 8 a.m.,but 式，常表注定或命 do it was delayed. 运) 肯定：was/were about 表示即将发生的动 was/were I was about to todo否定： 作（常与when连 about to+动 leave when the wasn't/weren't about to 用，强调“正要做某 词原形 phone rang. do 事时另一事发生”) (三)核心用法 1.用于间接引语（宾语从句）一一高考最常考点 当主句动词为过去式（如said,told,thought,.knew,believed等），从句中原本的一般将来 时要变为过去将来时(would do/was going to do)。 直接引语：He said,"川will finish the work tomorrow." 间接引语（变为过去将来时）：He said that he would finish the work the next day. 直接引语：She thought,"I am going to travel to Japan." 间接引语：She thought that she was going to travel to Japan. 2.表示过去的计划或意图（未实现） 用was/were going to或was/were to表示过去打算做但实际未做的事。 I was going to call you,but I forgot..我本打算给你打电话，但忘了。 The project was to be completed last month,but it failed.该项目本应上月完 成，但失败了。 3.表示过去即将发生的动作（伴随另一个过去动作） 常用was/were about to.when.结构，表示"正要做某事，这时（突然）”。 We were about to start our journey when it began to rain heavily. He was about to fall asleep when a loud knock woke him up. 4.表示从过去角度看“不可避免"或“注定会"发生（was/were to do) The worst was yet to come.最糟的还在后面。 Little did they know that the accident was to change their lives forever. (四)过去将来时Vs其他易混时态（高考必考） 对比项 过去将来时 一般将来时 过去完成时 过去进行时 时间参照点 过去某时间点 现在 过去某时间点之前 过去某时间点 从过去看“将要 从现来看“将 发生在过去之前 动作状态 发生” 发生” 过去正在进行 (已完成) would do will do be 典型结构 was going to had done going to do was/were doing do She said she She says She had come 例句 would she will She was coming before arrived. when I saw her. come come (五)高考高频考点总结 1.间接引语中时态变化：主句过去时→从句将来时变为过去将来时(will→would;be going to->was/were going to) 2.was/were about to do.when.句型：表"刚要.这时突然.”(when引导 的并列句，不能改为while) 3.was/were to do表示“注定/计划"的过去将来含义，常见于文学性或正式语篇 4.would do与was/were going to do的细微差别： would do更强调“意愿"或"预测" was/were going to do更强调"计划/打算" 5.时间状语的变化：在间接引语中，时间状语需相应调整(tomorrow→the next day/the following day;now→then;today→that day等) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(8小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The manager announced that a new policy the next month. A.will be carried out B.would be carried out C.is being carried out D.had been carried out 2.I felt very nervous because I thought I the final exam. A.would fail B.will fail C.have failed D.had failed 3.She told me she to Paris the following week,but she canceled it later. A.was going B.went C.had gone D.would have gone 4.We set off when it started to snow. A.were about to B.are about to C.had about to D.were to 5.No one knew that the little boy become a famous scientist one day. A.will B.would C.had D.was 6.The teacher said that the class at 9 o'clock the next morning. A.begins B.began C.would begin D.will begin 7.-Why didn't you attend the meeting? 一1 but I had a sudden headache. A.would B.was going to C.had been to D.had 8.They believed that the project _a great success,but unfortunately it turned out to be a failure. A.was to be B.is to be C.has been D.had been (二)用所给动词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的过去将来时形式填空（注意时态和语态）。 1.He promised that he(come)to my birthday party,but he didn't. 2.1 (finish)the report last night,but my computer broke down. 3.The weather forecast said it(rain)the next day. 4.She(leave)when the doorbell rang. 5.Little did I know that this decision(change)my whole life. 6.The students were told that the test (hold)the following week. 7.I (buy)that dress,but I didn't have enough money. 8.They thought the bridge(complete)by the end of that year,but it was delayed. (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入所给词的正确形式（注意时态、语态和非谓语动词）。 Last week,Tom told me that he 1.(attend)an important conference the next day.He said the main speaker 2. (deliver)a speech on artificial intelligence,which 3. (be)the hottest topic at that time.I asked him if he 4. (prepare)anything for the discussion.He replied that he 5. (work)on a report all day,but he still had a lot to do. Just as he 6.(finish)his sentence,his phone rang.It was his boss.The boss said that the schedule 7. (change)and the conference 8._ (start)an hour earlier.Tom looked worried because he 9.(not/expect)that.He realized he 10.(have)to get up at 5 a.m.the next morning. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.A;4.A;5.B;6.C;7.B;8.A 选择 (二)用所 1.would come 2.was going to finish would finish 3.would rain 给动词的适 4.was about to leave 5.would change;6.would be held 7.was going 当形式填空 to buy 8.would be completed (三)篇章 1.would attend 2.would deliver 3.was 4.had prepared 5.had been 语法填空 working 6.was about to finish 7.had changed 8.would start 9.hadn't expected 10.would have 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 情态动词表推测是高考英语核心考点，指说话人根据已知信息对某事发生的可能性、必然 性或确定性做出判断。常见于口语、阅读及写作中，涉及对现在、过去、将来三种时间状 态的推测，需根据语境选择不同的情态动词结构。 (二) 核心用法与时间维度 时间维 肯定推测 否定推测 疑问推测 度 对现 must be/may be/ can't be couldn't be 在/将 (不可能)；may not be Could it be...?Can might be/could be(可 来 it be...? 能性递减) (可能不) must have done /may can't have done Could...have done? 对过去 have done might have couldn't have done Can...have done? done could have done may not have done 对正在 进行的 must be doing/may be can't be doing/may Could he be 动作 doing might be doing not be doing doing...? 核心要点： ★must只用于肯定推测(“一定)，否定推测用can't/couldn't(“不可能")。 ★may/might表示“可能”，might语气更弱；否定式may not/might not。 ★对过去的推测必须使用情态动词+have+过去分词，不可省略have。 (三)具体用法详解 1.对现在/将来的推测 结构：情态动词+动词原形(be/其他动词) 例句： He must be at home now.(他现在一定在家。) She may come tomorrow.(她明天可能会来。) The news can't be true.(消息不可能是真的。) 易错提醒：nustn't表“禁止"，不表推测；推测的否定只能用cant/couldn't。 2.对过去的推测 结构：情态动词+have+过去分词 例句： He must have finished his homework.(他一定已经完成了作业) They may have missed the bus.(他们可能错过了公交车。) She can't have gone to Beijing.(她不可能去了北京。) 考点提示：句子中出现yesterday,last night,already,by then等过去时间标志 时，必须使用完成式。 3.对正在进行的动作的推测 结构：情态动词+be+doing 例句： He must be sleeping now.(他现在一定在睡觉。) They might be waiting for us.(他们可能正在等我们。) (四) 情态动词表推测Vs其他情态动词用法（易混点） 结构 含义 例句 考点区分 should have 本应该做而没做 You should have told me 非推测，表虚 done (责备/遗憾) earlier. 拟语气 could have 本能够做而没做 I could have passed the 表能力未使 done(虚拟) (遗憾) exam. 用，非推测 must have done 一定已经做了（肯 He must have arrived by 表非常确信， (推测) 定推测) now. 只用肯定句 can't have done 不可能已经做了 She can't have left without 表强烈否定 (推测) (否定推测) saying goodbye (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.must与cant的对应关系 肯定句：It must be true.否定句：It can't be true, 注意：mustn't不能用于表推测。 2.情态动词+have done的时态判断 例句：He must have finished his work. 常见时间标志：by then,already,yet,just now,yesterday,last week等。 3.may/might在疑问句中的使用 一般疑问句常用Can/Coud..?表示“可能吗？”；很少用May.? 例句：Could it be true? 4.完成进行式表对过去正在进行的推测 例句：He must have been working all night. 5情态动词表推测在反意疑问句中的呼应 主句含must be表推测时，反意部分根据实际时间选择be动词或助动词。 He must be a teacher,isn't he? He must have finished it,hasn't he? 二、专项练习 （一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-Who is knocking at the door? 一t be Mary.She said she would come at 8 pm. A.must B.can't C.may D.need 2.He have gone to the library.I saw him playing basketball just now. A.must B.can't C.may D.should 3.-Look!Someone is crying in the corner. 一It be Tom.He is always optimistic A.must B.could C.can't D.mustn't 4.They have finished the work by now,but I'm not sure. A.must B.should C.may D.need 5.She have left the office an hour ago because the light is still on. A.must B.can't C.might D.should 6.- he be in the classroom now? No,he be there.He is in the hospital. A.Can;can't B.Must;mustn't C.May;may not D.Should;shouldn't 7.You have told me earlier.I could have helped you. A.must B.should C.could D.might 8.1 think he be over seventy now.He looks quite young. A.must B.can't C.may D.should 9.The ground is wet.It have rained last night. A.must B.should C.can't D.need 10.-I saw Lily in the supermarket yesterday. 一You have seen her.She has been abroad for a month A.must B.can't C.may D.might (二)用所给词的正确形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内情态动词和动词的适当形式填空（每空限填一组）。 1.He looks tired.He (must,work)all night. 2.She__(can't,be)at home because the door is locked. 3.They(may,arrive)yesterday,but I didn't see them. 4.The book is not in the bag.I(might,leave)it on the desk. 5.You (should,finish)your homework before going out to play. 6.l (could,swim)across the river when I was young,but now I can't. 7.He (must,wait)for us at the gate right now. 8.She (can't,go)to the party last night.She had a fever. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的情态动词（或情态动词+动词形式），每空一词或词 组。 Last night,I came home late.The lights were off,so my wife 1. (must, sleep)already.I quietly opened the door.Suddenly,I heard a noise from the kitchen.It 2. (could,be)a mouse,but I was not sure.I thought it 3. _(may,be)my cat.But my cat 4. (can't,be)in the kitchen because I had put it outside.Then I remembered that the window was open.A thief 5. _(might,enter)the house!I was afraid.I called the police.They came quickly.They checked the house and said nothing was missing."The noise 6. (might,come)from the refrigerator,"an officer said.I felt relieved.However,the next morning,I found my wallet missing.It 7. (must,drop)somewhere.I looked everywhere.My wife said,"You 8 (might,put)it in the drawer."I replied,"No,it 9. (can't,be)there because I checked."Finally,I found it under the bed.It 10 (must,fall) there.I was so stupid.My wife smiled,"You 11. _(may,forget)to take it out of your pocket last night.I thought she 12.(could,be)right 三、参考答案 (一)单项选 1.A;2.B;3.C4.C;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.B;9.A;10.B 择 (二)用所给 1.must have worked 2.can't be 3.may have arrived 4.might 词的正确形式 have left 5.should have finished 6.could swim 7.must be 填空 waiting 8.can't have gone 1.must be sleeping 2.could be 3.may be 4.can't be 5.might (三)篇章语 have entered 6.might have come 7.must have dropped 法填空 8.might have put;9.can't be 10.must have fallen 11.may have forgotten 12.could be