Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（人教版）

Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：简单句中的省略 ★同步语法二：并列句中的省略 语法精讲精练一 简单句中的省略，是指在特定语境下，为使表达简洁、避免重复，将句子中某些成分省去，但 句意依然清晰。它是高考英语书面表达中实现语言地道性的重要手段，也是阅读长难句时需要 识别的关键。 （一）)基本定义与原则 省略的核心原则是“省略后不引起歧义”。省略掉的部分通常可以从上下文或语境中明确推断 出来。 省略类型 省去成分 示例与说明 1.口语中主语的 主语（常 为l,You, (I)Hope to see you again.-(You)Had a good 省略 time？一(It)Looks like rain. t等) 2.口语中谓语的 谓语动词 (Are)You ready?-(Is)Anybody in? 省略 或系动词 Tom studies English,and Mike studies French.+ 3.并列句中的省 相同的谓 Tom studies English,and Mike studies French.We 略 语或主语 can swim,and we can dive.-We can swim,and can dive.(注意：省略后主语发生变化时需谨慎) 一Nould you like to come?一I'd like to(come). 不定式中 4.不定式符号to 的动词短 (保留to,避免重复动词)You may go if you wish to 的省略与保留 语 (go).-Did you see the film?-No,I didn't (see it)】 .-=·(省略整个todo短语) 5.特殊句式中的 固定结构 Why not (ask)the teacher for help?-How 省略 的一部分 about (having)a cup of coffee?-What/How about (going)for a walk? (二)高考核心用法聚焦 高考中，简单句省略最重要的考点集中在状语从句中的省略和特殊句式中的省略。 1.状语从句中的“主语+be”省略 结构：当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包含be动词时，可以省略从句的 "主语+be"。 转换公式：连词十主语十be+过去分词现在分词/形容词/介词短语→连词+过去分 词/现在分词/形容词/介词短语 ②例句：When(itis)heated,metal expands.(被加热时) e例句：While(he was)walking along the street,he met an old friend. (在街上走时) O例句：Though(she was)tired,she continued working,(虽然很累) O例句：If(you are)in doubt,ask your teacher.(如果有疑问) 考点提示：判断省略是否成立的关键：①从句主语是否与主句主语一致；②从句谓语是否 含有be动词。 2.常用省略结构 Vhy not+动词原形？：表建议，相当于"Why don't you+动词原形？” Why not join us in the game? How/What about+名词/动名词？：表建议或征询意见。 How about going to the cinema tonight? Ifso/If not:省略了的条件状语从句。 He might be late.If so (he is late),we will start without him. She is not coming to the party?If not (she is not coming),we can call her later. (三)易错点与区分 1.肯定与否定省略的区别 肯定句省略常见，但否定句省略时需保留否定词。 Q例句：-Will you join us? Q例句：一'd love to,but I can't.(保留to,但不能省略否定部分) 错误示例：X一Will you come？一I'd love.(需补出to) 2.并列句中省略的歧义 省略不同主语后的相同谓语可以，但要注意区分。若省略导致主语变化，结构可能不成 立。 ②例句：正确：John likes tea,and Peter (likes)coffee.√ ②例句：错误：John likes tea,and hates coffee,X(主语缺失，无法 判断谁讨厌咖啡) 3.状语从句省略后，分词逻辑主语需与主句一致 g例句：When cooking dinner,,the phone rang.X(cooking的逻辑主语是 “我”，但主句主语是“电话”，逻辑混乱) O例句：应改为：When I was cooking dinner,the phone rang.或While cooking dinner,I heard the phone ring. 二、专项练习 （一)补全改写句子（10小题) 根据要求将划线的从句部分改写为省略形式，每空一词（部分已给出）。 1.Although he was faced with many difficulties,he never gave up.-Although many difficulties,he never gave up. 2.When it is compared with the previous one,this design is much better.-When _with the previous one,this design is much better. 3.You should not speak unless you are spoken to.You should not speak unless 4.While he was walking his dog in the park,he found a wallet.While his dog in the park,he found a wallet. 5.He may not be free tomorrow.If he is not free,we will postpone the meeting. He may not be free tomorrow.If_,we will postpone the meeting 6.Why don't you try a different approach to solve the problem?->Why _a different approach to solve the problem? 7.We can go to the museum.What do you think of going to the library instead?- We can go to the museum.How/What aboutto the library instead? 8.-Would you like to join us in the research project?-I would like to join you,but |am fully occupied now.→一Nould you like to join us？一I'd like_ _but I am fully occupied now. 9.Unless it is necessary,the oil price in this region will not be adjusted.Unless the oil price in this region will not be adjusted. 10.Jim is an expert in this field,and his colleague Linda is also an expert in this field.-Jim is an expert in this field,and his colleague Linda (二)语境选句填空(10小题) 从方框中选择合适的省略句式填入空白处，使对话或语篇通顺合理。选项中有两个多余选项。 A.What about starting a project on renewable energy? B.Why not apply for a summer internship at the lab? C.If so,we can attend the seminar together. D.If not,we have to reschedule the experiment. E.He might have left already.If so,we can email him. F.While waiting for the result,stay calm. G.Though tired and hungry,the mountaineers kept going. 1.-I'm thinking of doing something meaningful this vacation. It's both challenging and beneficial for your future career 2.-The seminar is on environmental protection.Are you interested? -Yes,I am._ 3.The team faced harsh weather conditions during the expedition. they eventually reached the summit. 4.-Will the professor come to the meeting? He hasn't confirmed yet._ we will proceed with the plan B. 5.We need to finish this report by Friday. you should prioritize writing the analysis section. (三)单句语法填空（10小题) 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. (ask)why he was late,the boy lowered his head,admitting his fault. 2.The experiment,though(carry)out in extreme conditions,proved to be a great success. 3.He went to the library(search)for some reference books for his thesis. 4.-Have you finished your presentation? -Not yet.I will try to get it done possible. 5.You should treat others with respect,whether you agree with them or_ 6.She works very hard,and her brother_ 7.The teacher told us to read the passage carefully,and (pay)attention to the key details. 8.-Would you like to go with us to the new exhibition? -I'd love but I have to prepare for the coming exam. 9.The disease can be very dangerous,even(treat)properly at an early stage 10.-Why (not join)us for lunch?The food here is fantastic. -Good idea!Let's go 三、参考答案 (一)补全 1.faced with 2.compared 3.spoken to 4.walking 5.not;6.not try; 改写句子 7.going 8.to 9.necessary 10.is too also is) (二)语境 1.B;2.C;3.G;4.D;5.A 选句填空 (三)单句 1.Asked 2.carried 3.to search 4.if 5.not 6.doesn't;7.pay 8.to 语法填空 9.if treated 10.not join 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 英语的句子由主语、谓语、宾语、补语、表语等核心成分按固定顺序构成。基本句型是理 解一切复杂句（并列句、复合句）的基础，也是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作中保证句 子正确性的关键。掌握五大基本句型，能帮你快速分析长难句、准确使用动词形式。 (二)核心省略类型与规则 省略类型 省略条件 示例 说明 前后分句主 语相同，且 He entered the 1.省略 第二个分句的"he“可省略，谓语动词形式不 连词后谓语 room and (he) 相同主语 变（时态与第一个一致） 部分不会引 sat down. 起歧义 2.省略 前后分句的 John likes 相同谓语 谓语动词 (或谓语 省略第二个“ikes”,保留不同部分（主语不 (或系动 swimming,but Peter (likes) 同时，谓语需与各自主语一致) 的一部 词、助动词) 分) 相同 running. 3.省略 前后分句的 相同主语 主谓结构完 He has a car 省略"he has”,直接并列宾语；注意名词单 和谓语 全相同，仅 and (he has)a 复数 (完全省 保留不同成 bike 略) 分 4.省略 后一分句为 The man is a 相同主语 系表结构， teacher and 省略"the man is'”,保留表语 和be动 且主语与前 (the man is)a 词 一分句相同 writer. 5.省略 前后分句助 She can sing 相同助动 动词/情态动 and (she can) 省略"she can”,保留实义动词原形 词/情态 词相同，且 dance. 动词 主语相同 省略“he doesn't",注意否定词需保留？实 前后分句否 He doesn't like 际上更常见的是：He doesn't like coffee 6.省略 定结构相同 coffee and (he or tea.但此处可省略后一个否定结构，但 相同的否 (如dont, doesn't)like 需调整连词。典型省略：I haven't finished 定成分 cant等) tea my homework,nor (have I)handed it in.(nor后需倒装) 特别说明：并列句中的省略通常发生在相同的语法成分上，且省略后不改变原句的时态、 语态和逻辑关系。高考重点考查主语省略和主谓省略两种。 (三)核心难点与易错点 1.省略后动词形式的正确性：当省略了相同的主语和谓语的一部分时，剩下的动词形式需 与并列结构保持一致。例如： ☑He enjoys swimming and(enjoys)running.(两个动名词并列) /I want to go there and(want to)see the view.(两个不定式并列) X He enjoys swimming and runs.(错误：形式不一致，应改为running) 2.主语不同时的省略限制：若前后分句主语不同，通常不能省略谓语动词，否则可能导致 歧义或语法错误。例如： X I like apples and he oranges.(缺少谓语like,错误) I like apples and he likes oranges. 3.否定并列中的省略：在not only.but also..等结构中，省略需谨慎。例如： )Not only did he come,but(he)also brought gifts.(主语相同，可省略第二 个he) >Not only did he come,but also his sister came.(主语不同，不可省略) 4.省略与倒装：在nor/neither引导的并列句中，省略后需保持倒装结构。例如： )He can't swim,nor(can)he skate.(省略can he,但nor后需倒装，实际应 为nor can he skate。标准写法：He can't swim,nor can he skate.但省略的是 who?实际上nor已经倒装，这里并非简单省略，而是固定结构。) 5.省略后主谓一致：即使省略了主语，谓语动词的形式仍需根据实际主语确定。例如： >Either you or he is wrong.(就近原则，不是省略问题，但需注意) (四)高考高频考点总结 1判断并列连词后是否省略主语（最常见考点） 例：She opened the door and (go)out.→填went(省略主语 she) 2判断并列结构中的动词形式一致性（动名词/不定式/原形） 例：I enjoy reading and (write)essays.→填writing(与reading 并列) 3.区分哪些成分可以省略，哪些必须保留 /He is a student and(is)a good player.(省略is) X He is a student and good player.(错误：缺少冠词a或结构不平行) 4在短文改错中识别多余或缺失的省略 例：He was tired,but he still worked hard.(正确，但若写成He was tired, but still worked hard.也正确，省略了he) 5.特殊并列结构中的省略（如both.and..,either.or.等) 例：You can either stay or(you can)leave.省略you can (五)典型例句分析 He turned on the TV and(he)sat on the sofa.省略主语he,谓语时态 一致。 The teacher asked us to read the text and (the teacher asked us) to write a summary.省略主谓the teacher asked us",保留不定式结构。 She is a doctor and(she is)a mother of two.省略主语和系动词。 You can take the bus or(you can)walk there.省略主语和情态动词。 I haven't seen that movie,nor (have I)read the novel.have I,但nor后需倒装（实际应为nor have I read the novel,此处省略的是主语和 助动词，倒装保留)。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（共8小题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 1.The boy entered the room and down quickly. A.sits B.sat C.sitting D.to sit 2.My father bought a new car and it to work every day. A.drives B.drove C.driving D.to drive 3.He enjoys playing basketball and football in his spare time. A.plays B.playing C.to play D.played 4.You can either stay here or with us. A.going B.go C.went D.to go 5.The man was very poor but very generous. A.he B.was C.he was D.being 6.She doesn't like pop music,nor classical music. A.she likes B.likes she C.does she like D.she does like 7.I finished my homework and to bed. A.go B.went C.going D.to go 8.The teacher asked us to read the passage and the questions A.answer B.answering C.answered D.to answer （二)用所给词的正确形式填空（共8小题） 根据语境，用括号内动词的适当形式填空，注意考虑并列结构中的省略。 1.He likes reading and (write)in his diary every night. 2.She got up early and (make)breakfast for the family. 3.You can either join us or _(stay）at home. 4.The movie was boring and (make)me sleepy. 5.I want to visit the museum and (take)some photos. 6.Not only did he finish the work on time,but also (help)others. 7.He was tired but (refuse)to give up 8.The children were told to clean the room and (arrange)the books. (三)篇章语法填空（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内词的正确形式。 Last Sunday,I went to the library with my friend.He borrowed some books and I _(choose)a novel.We sat in the reading room and (read)for about two hours.The library was quiet and (make)us concentrate easily.After reading,we returned the books and_ (leave) the library.On our way home,we saw a little girl crying.She lost her way and (be)very scared.We helped her find her mother and she (give)us a big smile.I felt proud of (we)and decided to help others more often.Helping others not only brings happiness but also (make)the world a better place.Sometimes we forget that a small act of kindness can change someone's whole day (complete).So don't hesitate and (start)now! 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.A;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.B;8.A (二)用所 给词的正确 1.writing 2.made 3.stay 4.made ;5.take 6.helped 形式填空 7.refused 8.arrange (三)篇章 1.chose 2.read 3.made 4.left 5.was 6.gave 7.ourselves; 语法填空 8.makes;9.completely 10.start