Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（人教版）

Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 女同步语法二：动词-ing形式作状语（伴随、原因、结果状语） 语法精讲精练 ()基本定义 动词-g形式（现在分词）作宾语补足语，用于补充说明宾语的动作或状态，表示宾语主动发 出动作或动作正在进行。它常出现在感官动词、使役动词及少数其他动词之后，是高考语法填 空、短文改错和阅读理解的高频考点。 (二)核心用法与位置 动词-ig作宾补时，紧跟在宾语之后，与宾语构成“逻辑上的主谓关系”（宾语是动作的发出 者)。根据谓语动词类型，可分为三类： 动词类别 常见动词 结构 含义 例句 see,watch, I heard someone observe,notice, 动词+ “看见听见/感觉某人正 singing in the ★感官动词 look at,hear, 宾语+ 在做某事”（强调动作正 next room.我听 listen to,feel, doing 在进行) 见隔壁房间有人正 smell,find 在唱歌。 “让某人一直做某事” have,keep, 动词+ Don't keep me ★使役动词 (keep/leave),或“撞 leave,get,set, 宾语+ 见某人做某事” waiting so long catch doing 别让我等这么久。 (catch) find,discover, 动词+ We found him “发现/想象/阻止某人做 其他动词 imagine 宾语+ lying on the 某事” prevent,stop doing grass.我们发现他 躺在草地上。 注意：动词-ig作宾补不能单独作前置定语（与作定语不同），它必须依附于宾语存在。 (三)核心含义区分：主动与进行 主动关系：宾语与动词-ig是逻辑上的主动关系（宾语发出动作）。 进行意义：动作正在进行或持续发生（并非一次性完成）。 O例句：I saw a boy clim bing the tree.(男孩主动爬树) ⊙例句：He kept me waiting for an hour.(等待这个动作持续了-个小时) 对比：若用过去分词作宾补，则表示被动关系（宾语是动作的承受者）。 主动：|saw him painting the wall..(他正在刷墙) 被动：I saw the wall painted by him.(墙被他刷了) (四)易错点与高考高频考点 1.感官动词后doing.与do的区别 doing:强调动作正在进行，或状态持续。 do(不带to的不定式)：强调动作的全过程或一次性结果。 O例句：I saw him cross the street.(我看见他穿过了马路，全过程) ②例句：I saw him crossing the street.(我看见他正在过马路，进行中) 2.have/get的宾补结构 have sb doing:让某人一直做某事（主动、持续） have sb do:让某人做某事（一次性、命命） have sth done:让某事被做（被动） 考点：区分have后接宾语补足语的形式。 O例句：The boss had the workers working all night..(老板让工人们整晚工作) ⑨例句：I had my car repaired yesterday.(昨天我让人修了车) 3.catch sb doing(撞见某人正在做某事) 固定搭配，常含贬义或意外。 ⑧例句：The teacher caught him cheating in the exam.老师抓住他考试作弊。 4.with复合结构中用doing表示主动进行 结构：with+宾语+doing(主动)/done(被动)/todo(将来) O例句：With the lights flickering,the room looked mysterious.灯光闪烁，房间 显得神秘。 5.不规则动词现在分词拼写（如llie-lying,tie-tying,write-→writing等） (五)高考常见题型与例句速记 考点 例句 感官动词后doing We watched the sun rising behind the mountains keep/leave sb doing She left him sitting alone in the dark. catch sb doing The policeman caught the thief stealing the wallet with+宾语+ doing With the children playing outside,the house was quiet. 与过去分词混淆 I found the door closed vs.I found him closing the door(主动) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.When I passed the park,I saw some children football happily. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 2.The strange noise made me anxious all night A.feel B.feeling C.felt D.to feel 3.The teacher kept the students the experiment for two hours. A.do B.doing C.done D.to do 4.I heard her a famous song in the concert last night. A.sing B.singing C.sung D.to sing 5.He was caught lies by his parents. A.tell B.telling C.told D.to tell 6.The boss had the workers the machine all day without rest. A.operate B.operating C.operated D.to operate 7.With the sun _we started our journey. A.rise B.rising C.risen D.to rise 8.I found a stranger near my house,which made me nervous. A.standing B.stand C.to stand D.stood 9.The detective watched the suspect the building carefully. A.enter B.entering C.entered D.to enter 10.She left the door while she was cooking in the kitchen. A.opening B.open C.opened D.to open (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式填空（注意谓语或非谓语、成分需求）。 1.I noticed a little girl (cry)in the corner of the street 2.The smell of the flowers made everyone (feel)refreshed. 3.Don't keep the water (run)all the time;it's a waste. 4.We found the students (discuss)the problem heatedly in the classroom. 5.The manager had his employees (work)overtime for the whole week. 6.With the wind (blow)hard,the ship rocked violently. 7.The policeman caught the man (steal)a bike near the supermarket. 8.I could hear someone (call)my name from afar. (三)完成句子/翻译(5小题) 用括号内所给动词的-ig形式或适当结构完成下列句子（每空词数不限）。 1.我看见一位老人正坐在长椅上读报纸。 I saw an old man on the bench a newspaper. 2.老师进来时，发现学生们正在互相交谈。 When the teacher came in,he found the students with each other. 3别让我一直站着等，这很不礼貌。 Don't keep me for a long time;it's impolite 4.随着经济迅速发展，这个城市发生了巨大变化。 With the economy rapidly,great changes have taken place in this city. 5.警察当场抓住了那个小偷正在偷钱包。 The police caught the thief a wallet on the spot. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 1.C;2.A;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.A;9.B;10.B 选择 (二）用所 给词的适当 1.crying 2.feel 3.running 4.discussing 5.working 6.blowing 形式填空 7.stealing 8.calling （三)完成 句子/翻译 1.sitting;reading 2.talking 3.standing 4.developing 5.stealing 语法精讲精练二 (一）)基本定义 动词-ig形式（即现在分词）作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，用来修饰主句的谓语动 词，表示动作发生时的伴随情况、原因或结果。它是高考英语语法填空、短文改错、写作 中的重要考点，常与过去分词作状语对比考查。 (二)核心用法与位置 动词-ig形式作状语通常位于句首（用逗号与主句隔开）或句末（有时不用逗号），其逻 辑主语通常与主句的主语一致。根据语义功能分为三类： 状 语 逻辑主 语义关系 语与分 典型转换方式 类 例句 词关系 伴 随 "一边. 主动进 可改写为and+并列 边.."或"伴 He stood there,smiling. 状 行 谓语 He stood there and smiled. 随着” 主动 可改写为 Being ill,she stayed at 因状 (主语 “因为.” because/since/as home.→Because she was 发出动 作) 句子 ill,she stayed at home 主动 The bus was held up by the 果 (主句 snowstorm,causing a 可改写为so that/ "结果…。 动作的 delay.→The bus was held 必然结 and as a result 语 up...,so that it caused a 果) delay. 位置说明： 句首：常表示原因或时间（伴随），用逗号隔开。 例：Walking in the park,he met an old friend.(伴随/时间) 句末：常表示伴随或结果，有时不用逗号。 例：The child fel∥off the bike,breaking his leg.(结果) 考点提示：高考常要求判断分词与主语之间的主被动关系，以及区分-ing形式与-ed形式 作状语的含义。 (三)核心含义区分 1.伴随状语：分词动作与谓语动作同时发生，且主语主动发出。 例：She sat there,.reading a book.(她坐在那里，读着一本书。) 2.原因状语：分词动作是谓语动作的原因，且主语主动发出。 例：Knowing her well,,I understand her silence.(因为很了解她，我理解 她的沉默。) 3.结果状语：分词动作是谓语动作带来的自然结果，且主语主动发出。通常放在句未，前 面可有逗号。 例：He stayed up late last night,,making him very tired today,(他昨晚 熬夜，结果今天很累。) (四)动词-ing形式作状语vs过去分词作状语（高考必考点） 对 比 动词-ing形式（主动/进行） 过去分词（被动/完成） 项 逻 辑 主语与分词动作是主动关系，动作正在进行或 主语与分词动作是被动关系，或动 关 与谓语同时发生 作已完成 系 Seeing the teacher,the students stood Seen from the hill,the city 例 up.(看见老师，学生们站起来。一一学生主动 looks beautiful..(从山上看，城市 句1 看) 很美。一 城市被看) The man talking to the teacher is our The book written by him is 例 headmasten.(正在和老师说话的那个人是我 popular,.(他写的书很受欢迎。 句2 们的校长。一一主动进行) 被动完成) 易错点： 例1：Interested in the story,he asked for more details.(主语"他"感到感 兴趣，用ed形式) 例2：Being interesting,the story attracted many readers.(主语'故事” 合人感兴趣，用ing形式) (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1判断-ing形式作状语时的逻辑主语一致性 例：Walking along the street,I met an old friend.(正确：walk与主动) 若主语不一致，需改为状语从句或独立主格结构。 2.区分-ing作伴随状语与并列谓语 例：He walked into the room,carrying a bag.(伴随)≠He walked into the room and carried a bag.(先后动作) 3.结果状语的固定结构：only to do与-ing结果状语的区别 He woke up only to find that it was raining. (出乎意料的结果，用不定式) >He woke up,finding that it was raining.(自然的结果，用-ing) 4.完成式having done作状语的用法（强调先于谓语动作发生） 例：Having finished his homework,he went out to play.(完成作业后， 他出去玩。) 5.固定搭配：generally speaking,judging from/by,considering等（独立成分，不 受主语限制) Generally speaking,boys are more interested in sports. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The old man sat on the bench, the lovely children playing in the park. A.watching B.watched C.to watch D.being watched 2. from the top of the mountain,the whole city looks like a map. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 3.The news shocked the public, a heated discussion among netizens A.to cause B.causing C.caused D.being caused 4. that she wouldn't be able to catch the train,she called a taxi immediately. A.Realized B.Realizing C.To realize D.Having realized 5. enough time,we would have finished the work earlier. A.Given B.Giving C.To give D.Having given 6.He lay on the beach, the sound of waves. A.enjoyed B.enjoying C.to enjoy D.having enjoyed 7.the little boy's mistake,the teacher didn't punish him. A.Understanding B.Understood C.To understand D.Having understood 8.The heavy rain lasted for three days, serious floods in the area A.causing B.caused C.to cause D.having caused 9. with such a difficult problem,he didn't know what to do. A.Facing B.Faced C.To face D.Having faced 10. his homework,he went to bed early. A.Finishing B.Finished C.Having D.To finish finished (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的-ing形式（必要时用完成式having done)或适当分词 形式填空。 1. (hear)the news,she burst into tears. 2.The students came into the classroom, (laugh)and (talk). 3. _(know)that he was wrong,he apologized to his friend. 4.(finish)the project,they went on a vacation. 5. (watch)from the sky,the river looks like a silver ribbon. 6.The factory was closed,(leave)hundreds of workers jobless. 7. (be)ill for a week,he looked very weak. 8. (tell)the truth,I really don't like this movie. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意使用-ig形式或过去分 词)。 Last week,I went to a concert with my cousin.1. (arrive)at the stadium,we found that it was already crowded with fans.2. (see)his favorite singer appear on stage,my cousin shouted excitedly.The singer walked onto the stage,3. (wave)to the audience.4 (be)a big fan of him,my cousin knew all the songs by heart.During the performance,the singer sang several old songs,5.(bring)back many memories for us.6. (feel)tired after the concert,we went straight home.7._(look)back on that night,I realize it was one of the most unforgettable experiences.8._(judge)from the audience's reaction, the concert was a huge success.9.__(tell)the truth,I was also deeply moved.10.(exhaust)by the excitement,I fell asleep quickly after getting home.11. (wake)up the next morning,I still felt the joy. 12. (remember)the wonderful night,I smiled to myself. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.B;7.A;8.A;9.B;10.C 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.Hearing;2.laughing;talking;3.Knowing;4.Having finished; 形式填空 5.Watched;6.leaving;7.Having been;8.To tell (三)篇章 1.Arriving;2.Seeing;3.waving;4.Being;5.bringing;6.Feeling; 语法填空 7.Looking;8.Judging;9.To tell;10.Exhausted;11.Waking; 12.Remembering