Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（人教版）

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：限定性定语从句综合 ☆同步语法二：非限定性定语从句综合 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 限定性定语从句是指在复合句中修饰先行词，对先行词起限定、明确作用的从句。它不可省 略，否则句子意思不完整或发生改变。从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引 导。关系词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语，是高考语法填空、短文改错及写作中的核 心考点。 (二)核心用法与位置 1.关系代词引导的限定性定语从句 关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。常见关系代词及用法如下表： 在从句中 关系代词 指代对象 充当成分 例句 主语、宾 The girl who won the prize is my cousin,(获奖 who 语 的女孩是我表妹。) 宾语（可 The man whom you met is a famous scientist. whom 省略) (你遇到的那位男士是著名科学家。) 主语、宾 The book which I borrowed is very which 物 语 interesting.(我借的那本书很有趣。) 主语、宾 The story that he told made everyone laugh. that 人或物 语 (他讲的故事让大家都笑了。) 人或物 The student whose homework is missing is whose 定语 (所有格) in trouble.(那个丢了作业的学生有麻烦了。) 位置与考点提示 关系代词作主语时不可省略；作宾语时在口语和非正式文体中常可省略，但高考语法填空 若考查宾语关系代词，通常要求填写正确形式（如which/that/whom),需根据语境判 断。 介词+关系代词结构中，指人用whom,指物用which,且关系代词不可省略。 that不能用于非限制性定语从句，也不能直接放在介词后。 2.关系副词引导的限定性定语从句 关系副词在从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因。注意关系副词可以转换为“介词+ which"结构。 在从 关系副词 先行词特征 句中 例句 转换示例 作用 I still remember the day 时间 when 表示时间的名词 when we met..(我仍记得我们 the day on 状语 相遇的那天。) which we met This is the factory where my the factory in where 表示地点的名词 地点 father works,(这是我父亲工 which my father 状语 作的工厂。) works 表示原因的名词 the reason for 原因 Tell me the reason why you why were late. (告诉我你迟到的原 (reason) 状语 which you were 因) late 考点提示 当先行词是time,place,reason时，若从句中缺少谓语动词的宾语或主语，则用 that/which而when/where/why。 例：I will never forget the time that/which I spent with you.(spent缺少宾语， 故用that/which) 而I will never forget the time when we played together.(played后不需要宾 语，故用when) (三)关系代词Vs关系副词的选用原则（高考必考点） 判断依据 关系词选择 例句（横线处需填空） 从句缺主语或 用关系代词 The film we saw last night is 宾语 (who/whom/which/that) moving.→which/that 从句缺状语 I know the house he once (时间/地点/原 用关系副词(when/where/why) lived.→where 因) 从句缺定语 The teacher son is a doctor 用whose (所有关系) is very kind.→whose 易错点：先行词为指人的名词，且从句中缺少宾语时，who和whom均可(whom更正 式)，但若从句前面有介词，则必须用whom。 (四)限定性定语从句中只能用that的几种情况（高频考点） 3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰 This is the first scene that impressed me most. 4.先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,only,vey等修饰 I have read all the books that you lent me. 5.先行词既有人又有物 They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited. 6.先行词是不定代词（如something,.anything,nothing,everything) Is there anything that I can do for you? 注意：若关系代词前有介词，则不能用that,必须用which或whom。 (五)限定性定语从句中关系代词省略规则（语法填空及短文改错常考） 省略条件 示例（省略前） 示例（省略后） 关系代词作宾语 The movie which/that we The movie we watched was (且无介词前置) watched was boring. boring. 关系代词在there I need a person who is 不可省略（作主语） be结构中作主语 responsible. The man to whom I spoke is a 不可省略（介词+whom/which 关系代词在介词前 lawyer. 不能省略) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The scientist won the Nobel Prize will give a lecture next week. A.which B.who C.whom D.whose 2.The factory you visited yesterday produces electric cars. A.where B.which C.when D.why 3.I still remember the reason he explained for his absence A.why B.for which C.that D.where 4.The professor the students respect most is Dr.Smith. A.whose B.who C.whom D.which 5.All the books are borrowed from the library must be returned on time A.which B.that C.what D.who 6.The house windows face south belongs to my uncle A.that B.which C.whose D.where 7.This is the best hotel I have ever stayed in. A.that B.which C.where D.when 8.The reason she was late was that she got caught in a traffic jam. A.why B.which C.that D.for which(多选但单选选最佳) 9.Is there anything I can do for you,madam? A.which B.that C.what D.who 10.The children parents are working abroad often feel lonely. A.who B.whose C.that D.of which (二)用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空(10小题) 根据句意，从who,whom,which,that,whose,when,where,why中选择恰当的词填 空。每空一词。 1.The teacher you talked to yesterday is my English teacher 2.1 can't find the place I put my keys. 3.Do you know the girl mother is a famous actress? 4.This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. 5.The reason he refused the offer is still unknown. 6.The man saved the boy from the river is a firefighter. 7.Autumn is the season leaves turn yellow. 8.The factory products are of high quality has won many awards. 9.I will never forget the day I first met my best friend. 10.The woman the police are looking for is a suspect. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的关系词（代词或副词），或根据上下文填入恰当的连 词。注意：关系词不可省略。 Last month,our school organized a field trip to a museum 1. is located in the city center.The museum 2. we visited has a collection of over 10,000 artifacts.Among them,the exhibit 3. surprised me most was a bronze vessel 4. history dates back to the Shang Dynasty. Our guide,5. introduced us to each piece,explained the cultural background.He told us the story of an ancient king 6. the people had respected for centuries.The reason 7. the king was so admired was that he had built a canal 8. benefited thousands of farmers. After the tour,we had a discussion in a small hall 9. _many students shared their thoughts.One girl,10. father is an archaeologist,gave an impressive speech.She mentioned a legend 11 she had heard from her grandmother.The whole experience was something 12 I will remember forever. 三、参考答案 (一）单项选择 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.C;5.B;6.C;7.A;8.A;9.B;10.B (二)用适当的关 系代词或关系副词 1.whom who that 2.where 3.whose 4.that 5.why 6.who 填空 that;7.when 8.whose 9.when 10.whom who that (三) 篇章语法填 1.which that 2.that which 3.that 4.whose;5.who 6.whom 空 who that 7.why 8.which that 9.where 10.whose;11.that which 12.that 章 语法精讲精练二 （一)基本定义 非限定性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明，而非限定其范围。它与主句之间通常用逗号 隔开，去掉后不影响主句基本意思。关系词不可用that,且不能省略。该语法点是高考 语法填空、短文改错及写作中的高频考点。 (二)核心用法与关系词选择 非限定性定语从句的关系词主要包括：which,who,whom,whose,as。其用法与 位置如下表： 先行词类 关系词 从句中充当成分 典型例句 型 物/整句 主语/宾语/表 which 话 He won the game,which made us excited. 语 who 主语 Mr.Li,who teaches us English,is strict. whom 宾语 The girl,whom we met yesterday,is a pianist. whose 人/物 定语 The house,whose roof is red,is my home 主语/宾语/表 as 整句话 As is known to all,the earth is round. 语 1.which的两种典型用法 指代前文某一名词：The book,which I bought last week,is interesting. 指代整个主句：He failed the exam,which surprised his parents, 2.who与whom的区分 who I have a sister,who works in Beijing. whom The man,whom you spoke to,is my uncle. 3.whose表示“所属关系" 既可指人，也可指物：The tower,whose height is 100 meters,isa landmark. 4.as引导的非限定性定语从句（高频考点） 常与被动结构连用，位置灵活（句首、句中、句尾）： As is often the case,he arrived late As we all know,practice makes perfect. The earth is round,as is known to us. (三) 非限定性定语从句Vs限定性定语从句（高考必考点） 比较项 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 逗号 无逗号 有逗号 功能 限定先行词，去掉后意思不完整 补充说明，去掉后意思仍然完整 关系词 可用that,可省略（作宾语时） 不可用that,不可省略 先行词 通常为单个名词 可为单个名词或整个主句 译法 译为“的” 译为“，"或“这/它” 经典对比： I have a brother who is a doctor.(限定：我有多个兄弟，其中一个是医生) I have a brother,who is a doctor.(非限定：只有一个兄弟，他是医生) (四)高考高频易错点总结 1.△关系词不能为that 错：The car,that I bought last year,,broke down. The car,which I bought last year,broke down. 2.△关系词不能省略 错：The man,we met yesterday,is a teacher. 对：The man,whom we met yesterday,is a teacher.. 3.△which指代整句话时，谓语用单数 正：He passed the test,which is great news. 4.△as引导的从句常位于句首，which不能位于句首 正：As is known,water freezes at0°C. 误：Which is known,water freezes at0°C. 5.△whose与of which的互换 The house,whose windows are broken,is empty. The house,the windows of which are broken,is empty. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（共8小题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The new stadium, was completed last month,can hold 50,000 people. A.that B.which C.what D.where 2.My father, you shook hands at the gate,is a famous scientist A.who B.whom C.which D.that 3.The school, students are from all over the country,has a long history. A.whose B.which C.that D.who 4. is often the case,the harder you work,the luckier you become. A.Which B.As C.What D.That 5.He failed in the driving test, made his parents disappointed. A.that B.which C.this D.it 6.The teacher, I respect most,will retire next month. A.who B.whom C.that D.which 7.There are 50 students in our class,two thirds of are girls. A.which B.whom C.them D.who 8.The painter, __works are famous around the world,is from France. A.who B.which C.whose D.that (二)用适当的关系词填空（共8小题） 根据句子语境，填入适当的关系词(which/who/whom/whose/as)。 1.The library, was built in 2000,is now closed for renovation. 2.Mr.Smith, you talked to just now,is our headmaster. 3.The old man, son died in the war,lives alone. 4. is well known,the moon goes around the earth. 5.The hotel,windows face the sea,is very popular. 6.She married a man, she met on a trip to Paris. 7.He passed the interview,_ surprised everyone. 8.The book, cover is blue,belongs to me (三)篇章语法填空（共10小题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Last week,I visited a famous museum,1. (which /that)has a history of over 500 years.The guide,2. (who whom)led us through the halls,was very knowledgeable.He showed us many ancient paintings,most of 3. were created during the Ming Dynasty. The building,4.(its whose)walls are covered with colorful murals,is the oldest part of the museum.In one room,we saw a huge bronze statue, 5. (which what)weighs about 10 tons.The guide told us a story, 6. made us all laugh. After the tour,we visited the gift shop,7.we bought some souvenirs. The shop assistant,from 8. _we bought a postcard,was friendly.On the way home,we talked about the amazing things we had seen,many of 9. were beyond our imagination.I felt lucky to have such an experience,10. I will never forget. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.C 选择 (二)用适 1.which 2.whom 3.whose 4.As 5.whose 6.whom;7. 当的关系词 which 8.whose 填空 (三)篇章 1.which 2.who 3.which 4.whose 5.which 6.which;7. 语法填空 where 8.whom 9.which 10.which