Unit 3 The Internet-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（人教版）

Unit 3 The Internet 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：现在完成时和过去完成时的被动语态 ★同步语法二：被动语态的特殊用法 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去，对现在有影响或关联，且主语是动作的承受者； 过去完成时的被动语态表示在过去某一时间点或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，即“过去的过 去”。两者均是高考语法填空、短文改错和写作中的核心时态考点，尤其注重时间状语和语境判 断。 时态 结构 含义侧重 核心时间标志 过去动作对现在的 already,yet,ever,never,just, have/has 现在完成时被动 影响或结果；动作 recently,lately,so far,up to been done 可能持续到现在 now,since+时间点，for+时间段 在过去的某个时间 by the time+过去时间，before 过去完成时被动 had been 点或动作之前就已 +过去动作，或通过上下文暗示的“过 done 经完成的被动动作 去的过去” (二)核心用法与时间状语 1.现在完成时被动语态 谓语动词部分，由"have/has+been+过去分词"构成 强调过去的被动动作对现在造成的影响，或动作从过去持续到现在（常与for/since连用） ②例句：The window has been broken since yesterday..(窗户从昨天起就被打破 了，影响持续) ②例句：All the tasks have been finished so far..(到目前为止所有任务都已完成) 易混点：与一般过去时被动语态的区别一一一般过去时被动只陈述过去发生的被动动作， 不强调与现在的联系。例：The window was broken yesterday.(仅强调昨天被打碎， 不涉及现在状态) 2.过去完成时被动语态 谓语动词部分，由"had十been+过去分词"构成 表示在过去某一参照时间点之前已经完成的被动动作，必须有明确的“过去之前”的时间或 动作作为参照 例句：The bridge had been repaired before the heavy rain came.(在暴雨 来临之前桥已经被修好了) Q例句：By the end of last week,the report had been subm itted.(到上周s结束 时报告已提交) 易混点：如果没有"过去的过去"的时间参照，误用现在完成时被动。例：/realized that the letter had been sent(“sent"发生在"realized"之前，所以用过去完成时) (三)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.时间状语引导的时态判断 标志词"so far,up to now,recently,since,in the past few years”→现在完成时被 动 标志词"by the end of+过去时间，by the time+过去动作，before+过去动作”→过 去完成时被动 例句：So far,the problem has not been solved. O例句：By the time he arrived,the meeting had been cancelled. 2.语境中隐含的“过去的过去” 常出现在主从复合句或间接引语中，从句的动作发生在主句之前 ②例句：She told me that the book had been translated into Chinese.(翻译 发生在告诉之前) 3.与主动语态的转换（主语与动词的逻辑关系） 主语是动作承受者→完成时被动 ②例句：The government has built a new school,.(住a动)→A new school has been built by the government.(被动) 4.不规则动词过去分词的拼写 高频不规则动词：write→written,break→proken,take-taken,see→seen, bring-→orought,send-→sent,catch→caught,make→made,buy→pought, hide→hidden g例句：The secret has been hidden for years.. 5.完成时被动与情态动词的连用 结构：情态动词+have been+done O例句：The work must have been finished yesterday,. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The new library in our school since last year. A.has been built B.had been built C.was built D.is built 2.By the time the police arrived,the thief A.has caught B.had caught C.had been D.was caught caught 3.So far,over 5000 people by the charity. A.have helped B.have been helped C.had helped D.were helped 4.All the tickets out before we got to the cinema. A.have sold B.have been sold C.had sold D.had been sold 5.The experiment successfully by the research team recently. A.conducted B.has conducted C.has been conducted D.had been conducted 6.It is the first time that the old building A.repaired B.has been repaired C.had been repaired D.was repaired 7.The project by the end of last year. A.completed B.has been completed C.had been completed D.was completed 8.I didn't know that the meeting already. A.cancelled B.has been cancelled C.had been cancelled D.was cancelled 9.The report about climate change since last month. A.has written B.was written C.has been written D.had been written 10.After the earthquake,many houses and people became homeless. A.destroyed B.had destroyed C.had been destroyed D.have been destroyed (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据语境，用括号内动词的完成时被动语态形式填空。 1.The bridge (build)since 2020,and it will be completed next year. 2.By the time the teacher came in,the homework (hand in) 3.Great progress_ (make)in the field of Al technology so far. 4.She said that the letter (send)before she left home. 5.Up to now,the book (translate)into over 30 languages 6.It was reported that the famous singer_ (invite)to the ceremony. 7.The new policy(not carry out)yet,so we still follow the old one. 8.I realized that my car_ (repair)by the mechanic already. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意时态和语态）。 Since last month,a new museum 1.(open)in our city.So far,thousands of visitors 2. (attract)by the wonderful exhibits.By the end of last week,most of the collections 3.(arrange)carefully.The museum 4.(design)by a famous architect,and it 5.(praise)by critics since its opening I visited the museum yesterday.I learned that many rare artifacts 6. (bring)from different countries.Before the exhibition started,all the items (examine)by experts.Up to now,three special programs 8. (launch)for children. The guide told me that additional security measures 9. (take)before the opening.I noticed that some walls 10. (not paint)yet,but the main hall 11. (decorate)beautifully.So far,the museum 12.(consider)a great success 三、参考答案 (一）单项 选择 1.A;2.C;3.B;4.D;5.C;6.C;7.C;8.C;9.C;10.C (二)用所 1.has been built 2.had been handed in 3.has been made 4.had 给词的适当 been sent 5.has been translated 6.had been invited 7.has not 形式填空 been carried out 8.had been repaired 1.has been opened 2.have been attracted 3.had been arranged (三)篇章 4.has been designed 5.has been praised 6.had been brought 7.had been examined 8.have been launched 9.had been taken 语法填空 10.had not been painted 11.had been decorated 12.has been considered 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 被动语态是英语中表示主语为动作承受者的动词形式，其基本结构为“be+过去分词'”。 然而，在高中英语和高考中，被动语态存在若干特殊用法，这些用法突破了常规“主语 被..…做"的理解，常出现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空及写作中，是区分基础与高 阶能力的关键考点。 (二)特殊用法详解 特殊类 别 核心特征 例句 高考考点提示 常见于“物十动 某些及物动词（如sell,write, ①This book sells well. 词+副词"结构 wash,read,cook,cut,drive, 1.主 这本书卖得好。（书被 注意：如果强调动 1ock等)与副词连用，主语是 动形式 卖，但用主动) ②The 作执行者，则用被 物，且强调事物的固有属性或状 表达被 pen writes smoothly. 动。比较：The 态，用主动语态表被动含义。常 动意义 这支笔写起来很流畅。 book is sold out. 用副词：well,easily, (笔被用来写) (书卖光了，强调 smoothly,.badly等。 动作结果) 部分及物动词的过去分词形式表 ①He was seated on 示主语所处的状态或心态，而非 the chair.他坐在椅子 被动动作。常见词：seated(就 上。（主动：seated √高考常考"be+ 座)、Iost(迷路的/沉迷的)、 2.被 himself)②She is lost 过去分词”与“be dressed(穿着)、hidden(隐 动形式 in thought.她陷入沉 +doing"辨析√ 藏)、married(结婚)、 表达主 思。（主动：loses 注意：这些过去分 devoted(致力于)、worried 动意义 herself)③They got 词常视为形容词， (担心)、satisfied(满意)、 married last year..他们 但来源于被动形式 interested(感兴趣)等。常与 系动词连用，构成“be+过去分 去年结婚了。（主动： married each other) 词”结构，但表状态。 用get代替be,强调动作的发生 3. 或结果，常用于突发、意外或逐 ①He got caught in the √get被动侧重动 "get 渐发生的事件。常见搭配：get rain.他被雨淋了。② 作本身，be被动 +过去 分词” hurt(受伤)、get killed(被 My phone got stolen 侧重状态/get后 过去分词常为短暂 表示被 杀)、get caught(被抓住)、 last night.我的手机昨晚 被偷了。 性动词 动 get paid(得到报酬)、get dressed(穿好衣服)等。 在"Itis+过去分词+that从句 ①It is said that he has 4.被 或“主语十be十过去分词十to √重点掌握：不 动语态 do”结构中，表示“据说、据报 gone abroad.He is 定式时态对应(to 表示 道、众所周知"等含义，是高考写 said to have gone do to be doing "据说/ abroad.据说他出国了。 作和阅读高频句型。常见动词： /to have ②The man is believed 认为” say,report,know,believe, done)√常出语 等 to be honest.人们相信 think,consider,suppose, 法填空和完成句子 这个人是诚实的。 expect等。 某些动词与介词固定搭配后，过 去分词形式常用于被动结构，但 5."be 实际表达的是主动含义或状态。 ①He is satisfied with 十过去 √注意介词搭配 常见：be satisfied with his job.他对工作满意。 固定，不可随意替 分词+ (对...满意)、be interested (主动满意)②They 换√这些短语常 介词” in(对..感兴趣)、be are devoted to 被视为系表结构， 的固定 devoted to(致力于)、be teaching.他们致力于教 而非被动语态 搭配 known as(作为..闻名)、be 学。 used to(习惯于)、be addicted to(沉迷于)等。 少数不及物动词的过去分词作定 √与现在分词 6.过 ①The fallen leaves 语或表语时，只表示动作已经完 去分词 (falling,rising) covered the path.落叶 成，没有被动含义。常见： 表“完 覆盖了小径。（叶自己 区分：falling fallen(落下的)、gone(离去 leaves指正在飘 成”而 落，非被动)②The 的)、risen(升起的)、arrived 落的叶子√高考 不表 risen sun is bright.升 (到达的)、grown(成长了 常出现在语法填空 "被动” 起的太阳很明亮。 的)、faded(褪色的)等。 和短文改错 (三)易混淆点辨析（高考必考） 1.“be+过去分词"是系表结构还是被动语态？ 系表结构：表示主语的状态或性质，过去分词相当于形容词。常可被very,quite等 副词修饰。如：The book is very interesting.(系表) 被动语态：表示动作行为，可带by短语。如：The book was written by him. (被动) 考点提示：若过去分词后可接by短语，则为被动；若能被very修饰且不可接by,则 为系表。 2.主动表被动与被动形式的区分 主动表被动：物作主语，动词+副词，强调属性。如：The car drives fast.(车开 起来快) 被动形式：人作主语或强调动作。如：The car was driven by Tom.(车被Tom 开) 3.“get+过去分词"与“be+过去分词"的语体差异 get常见于口语、非正式场合：be更正式。 get可带宾语(get something done):强调使某事被完成。如：I got my hair cut.(我理了发) (四)高考高频考向总结（附例句） 考向 典型例句 解析 时态根据语境决 ①主动表被动结构 The cloth washes well.(一般现在时)/The 定，保持主语一 的时态判断 cloth washed easily.(一般过去时) 致 The door is locked.(中是锁着的，状态)Vs 系表：无by;被 ②被动形式表状态 动：有by或隐含 与被动动作辨析 The door was locked by the janitor.(内被 锁，动作) 执行者 ③"Itis+过去分 It is reported that the meeting has been put 不定式完成式表 词+that"句型转 off.The meeting is reported to have been 被动动作已发生 换 put off. ④“be+过去分词 误：He is interested on music.正：Heis 介词固定，需记 +介词“搭配错误 interested in music 忆 ⑤不及物动词过去 The leaves have fallen.→fallen leaves(正 不规则过去分词 确)/The leaves have fallen down,→ 分词的拼写与用法 拼写须准确 *fallened leaves(错误) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.This kind of cloth well. A.washes B.is washed C.washed D.has washed 2.The meeting next week is of great importance. A.held B.to be held C.being held D.holding 3.He looks in the result of the exam. A.disappointing B.disappointed C.disappoint D.being disappointed 4.It that the bridge was closed for repair. A.believes B.was believed C.is believing D.believed 5.She in the sun,reading a novel. A.seated B.was seating C.was sat D.was seated 6.The car smoothly and sells well A.drives B.is driven C.drove D.has driven 7.He got_ while climbing the mountain. A.injuring B.injured C.to injure D.be injured 8.The professor is to have written many books. A.knowing B.known C.knew D.to know 9.The old man is deeply to the charity work A.devoting B.devoted C.to devote D.being devoted 10.The sun was very beautiful at dawn. A.rising B.risen C.rose D.raise (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确形式填空（注意可能是主动语态或被动语态的特殊用 法)。 1.The new movie (show)this evening is very popular. 2.This kind of paper (write)well. 3.He (seat)himself in the corner and said nothing 4.The girl (dress)in red is my sister. 5.t (report)that the scientist will visit our school. 6.The door won't (lock)because it's broken. 7.The (fall)leaves are a sign of autumn. 8.She got (hire)as a secretary last month. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意有时需要主动，有时需要 被动，考虑特殊用法)。 Last week,I 1. (get)caught in a heavy rain on my way home.My new raincoat,which 2. (sell)well in the shop,turned out to be useless.It seemed that the material not only 3. (wash)poorly but also 4. (tear)easily.When I finally arrived home,I 5. (dress)like a drowned rat.My mother,6.(seat)by the fireplace,looked at me with a7. (worry)expression.She quickly handed me a towel and said, "You look terribly 8.(disappoint)with that raincoat."I nodded.It is 9 (know)that some cheap products are not as good as they appear.I was 10. (determine)to return it the next day.The shop assistant, 11. (call)John,politely explained that the raincoat 12. (make) of poor material,and he gave me a full refund. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.D;6.A;7.B;8.B;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用所 1.to be shown 2.writes 3.seated 4.dressed 5.is reported 给词的适当 6.lock 7.fallen 8.hired 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.got 2.sold 3.washed 4.tore 5.was dressed 6.seated 语法填空 7.worried 8.disappointed 9.known 10.determined 11.called; 12.was made