Unit 1 Teenage life-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（人教版）

Unit 1 Teenage life 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 女同步语法二：分词短语作状语、定语 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 名词短语(Noun Phrase,NP):以名词为中心词，由其前置或后置修饰语构成的短语，在句 中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语或补语。形容词短语(Adjective Phrase,AdjP):以形容 词为中心词，加上修饰语（如程度副词）或补足语（如介词短语、不定式）构成的短语，常作 定语、表语或宾语补足语。副词短语(Adverb Phrase,AdvP):以副词为中心词，加上修饰 语构成的短语，主要作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。 (二)核心构成与功能 中 短语类型 常见修饰成分 例句 句子功能 词 限定词（冠词、物主代词、 a very challenging 主语、宾 数词)、形容词、介词短语、 名词短语 名 question the book 语、表语、 定语从句、分词短语、不定 on the shelf /the girl 同位语、宾 式短语 wearing a red hat 语补足语 程度副词(very,quite 定语（前置 形 extremely)、介词短语 very interested in 或后置)、 形容词短语 容 (of,to,for,with)、不定 science /easy to solve 表语、宾语 词 式(todo)、从句(that从 proud of her 补足语、伴 achievement 句) 随状语 状语（时 副 程度词(q uite,almost, quite slowly /more 间、地点、 副词短语 词 hardly)、其他副词(very carefully than before 方式、程 quickly)、介词短语 too fast for safety 度、原因 等) (三)核心用法与位置 1.名词短语 前置修饰：限定词（如a,the,my,two)+描绘性形容词+其他形容词（大小→形状→ 新旧→颜色→国籍→材料→类别)十名词。 ⑧例句：a beautiful small old brown Italian wooden desk 后置修饰：名词十介词短语/定语从句/分词短语/不定式短语。 ②例句：the man standing by the door(现在分词短语后置) ②例句：the letter to be sent tomorrow(不定式短语后置) 考点提示：高考常考查名词短语中定语从句关系词的省略（关系代词作宾语时可省略），以 及多个形容词的顺序。 2.形容词短语 前置定语：单个形容词或较短的形容词短语（如very important)常放在名词前。 Q例句：a very important meeting 后置定语：较长的形容词短语（如形容词+介词短语）常后置。 Q例句：a problem difficult to solve 表语：位于系动词(be,become,seem,feel等)之后。 O例句：He is eager to start the project. 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后，补充说明宾语的状态。 例句：We found the task impossible to finish. 伴随状语：位于句首或句中，用逗号隔开，表示主语的状态。 O例句：Nervous about the exam,she couldn't fall asleep, 考点提示：高考常考形容词短语作后置定语与定语从句的转换，如a boy interested in music a boy who is interested in music. 3.副词短语 状语位置灵活： 句首： ②例句：Suddenly,the light went out.. 句中（实义动词前，be动词/助动词后）： ②例句：He always arrives on time, 句末： 例句：She spoke very softly. 修饰范围：可修饰动词(run quickly)、形容词(extremely happy)、其他副词 (quite carefully)、整个句子(Fortunately,he survived.)。 考点提示：高考常考频率副词(always,often,seldom)和程度副词(almost,.nearly, quite)的位置，以及副词短语与形容词短语作状语的区别。 (四)易混点与高考高频考点 1,形容词短语与副词短语作状语的区别 形容词短语作状语，说明主语的状态（伴随或原因），如Tired and hungry,they stopped for a rest. 副词短语作状语，直接说明动作的方式、程度等，如They worked very hard. ★易错：He looked at me angrily.(副词修饰动词looked)≠He looked angry.(形容词作表语描述主语) 2.名词短语中定语从句的省略 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略： 例句：The book(that/which)I read last week is interesting. 关系代词作介词宾语且介词不在句尾时不能省略： 例句：The man to whom I spoke is a teacher.(介词to提前，whom不可省) 3.形容词短语的并列与比较 并列：The task is difficult but rewarding.(注意连词) 比较级结构：He is more interested in physics than in chemistry. 高考常考形容词短语中的介词搭配（如interested in,good at,afraid of responsible for) 4.副词短语的强调与倒装 Only then did he realize his mistake.("only+副词短语"置于句首引起部分倒装) So loudly did he speak that everyone heard.("so+副词短语"置于句首引起倒装) 5.不规则形容词与副词的比较级形式 good/well→better→best bad/badly→worse→worst far→farther/further→farthest/furthest (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.名词短语的修饰语顺序 例句：the first two important Chinese poems(限定词-→序数词-→基数词-→描述 性形容词→国籍→名词) 考点：语法填空、改错中常考冠词与数词的位置。 2.形容词短语作后置定语 例句：Students eager to learn always ask questions,(形容词短语后置修饰 students) 转换：Students who are eager to learn. 考点：语法填空中常给形容词原形，要求结合介词或不定式构成短语。 3.副词短语作程度状语 例句：The problem is far more difficult than we thought,(far修饰比较级 more difficult) 考点：程度副词(even,far,much,aIot,a little)修饰比较级的用法。 4.形容词短语作宾语补足语 例句：I consider him capable of the job,(形容词短语capable of the job作宾 补) 考点：使役动词(make,keep,find,consider))后接形容词短语作宾补。 5.副词短语与倒装 例句：Hardly had he finished the test when the bell rang.(hardIy..when 结构，部分倒装) 考点：否定副词短语(never,seldom,rarely,hardly,no sooner)置于句首时的倒 装。 二、专项练习 ()单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The scientist gave us a explanation of the experiment,which made it easy to understand. A.clear enough B.enough clear C.clearly enough D.enough clearly 2.The film last month is a great success,attracting millions of viewers. A.released B.releasing C.to release D.being released 3.tis。 of him to make such a careless mistake. A.typical B.typical for C.typical with D.typically 4.The children, their mother,ran to the park happily. A.following B.followed C.to follow D.being followed 5.The problem at the meeting tomorrow needs careful discussion. A.to discuss B.discussed C.to be discussed D.discussing 6.She walked into the room so as not to disturb anyone. A.quiet B.quietly C.more quiet D.most quiet 7.The news that the team had won the championship made everyone excited. A.exciting B.excited C.excite D.to excite 8.The manager is looking for a person_ the responsibility of the project. A.taking on B.to take on C.taken on D.take on 9. the boy still managed to finish the task on time. A.As was he tired B.Tired as he was C.As tired he was D.Tired as was he 10.The policy to improve the quality of education has been widely praised. A.designed B.designing C.to design D.design (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内单词的正确形式填空（可能需用短语形式）。 1.The (organize)activity should be held in the school hall next Friday. 2.He is a person (rely)on in emergencies. 3.The lecture is (bore),so many students fell asleep. 4.She spoke (soft)that I could hardly hear her. 5.The (excite)fans rushed onto the stage after the concert. 6.We consider the decision (make)at the last meeting wise. 7.It is (true)amazing that he finished the marathon in under three hours 8.The problem is too difficult for us (solve)without the teacher's help (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式（注意名词短语、形容词 短语、副词短语的用法)。 Last week,our class conducted an 1. (interest)experiment in the chemistry lab.The experiment,2. (design)by our teacher,aimed to test the reaction between two 3. (chemical)compounds.We were asked to work in groups,and each group received a set of tools 4. (necessary）for the process. The steps were 5.(relative)simple but required patience.First,we heated the mixture 6.(careful)to avoid any danger.Then,we observed a 7. (sudden)change in color,which was 8. (excite)to see.However, one group made a mistake:they added too much acid,causing the liquid to become 9. (danger)hot.Fortunately,the teacher stepped in 10. (quickly)and handled the situation.After the experiment,we wrote a report 11. (describe)the results.The teacher praised our work,saying it was a job 12. (do)well.This experience taught us the importance of being careful and 13. (patience)in scientific research. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.A;2.A;3.A;4.A;5.C;6.B;7.A;8.B;9.B;10.A (二)用所 给词的适当 L.organized 2.to rely 3.boring 4.so softly 5.excited 6.made 形式填空 7.truly 8.to solve (三)篇章 1.interesting 2.designed 3.chemical 4.necessary 5.relatively 语法填空 6.carefully 7.sudden ;8.exciting 9.dangerously 10.quickly 11.describing 12.done 13.patient 语法精讲精练二 (一）基本定义 分词短语包括现在分词短语(doing)和过去分词短语(done),在句中可充当定语或状 语。作定语时修饰名词或代词，相当于一个定语从句；作状语时说明谓语动作的时间、原 因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况，相当于一个状语从句。核心逻辑关系如下： 分词类型 作定语时与名词的关系 作状语时与主语的关系 现在分词(doing) 主动/进行 主动/同时发生 过去分词(done) 被动/完成 被动/完成 (二)分词短语作定语 1.位置与用法 单个分词：通常放在被修饰名词前面（前置定语）。 a broken window(一扇破碎的窗户，表被动) fallen leaves(落叶，表完成) a running boy(一个奔跑的男孩，表主动/进行) 分词短语：必须放在被修饰名词后面（后置定语），相当于一个定语从句。 The bridge built last year is strong.(which was built last year) The boy playing basketball is my brother.(who is playing basketball) 2.核心区分：过去分词Vs现在分词作定语 比较 维度 过去分词(done) 现在分词(doing) 逻辑 关系 被动或完成 主动或进行 例句 an admired teacher an interesting story(有趣的故事， 1 (被敬佩的老师) 主动使他人感到..…) 例句 2 fallen leaves(已经落下的叶子) falling leaves(正在飘落的叶子) 高考 不及物动词的过去分词只表完成，不表被 及物动词的现在分词常表示”今人， 提醒 动，如：gone,risen,set 的"，如：exciting,tiring 3.定语与从句转换规则 过去分词短语→which/that/who+be+过去分词 The letter written by my sister-The letter which was written by my sister 现在分词短语→which/.that/who+be+现在分词（或主动关系从句） The girl singing in the room-The girl who is singing in the room (三)分词短语作状语 1.常见用法与含义 分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子主语一致。可以表示： 功能 分词类型 例句 对应状语从句 doing 时间 Walking home,I met an old When I was walking done friend home... Tired by the work,he fell 原因 doing Because he was tired by done asleep. the work... 条件 doing Given more time,we could If we were given more done finish. time... 让步 doing Having tried many times,he Though he had tried many done still failed. times... 方式/伴 doing They stood there,talking 随 ..and talked happily. done happily. 2.分词形式的选择依据 主动动作（主语发出）→现在分词(doing/having done) Having finished his homework,he went out. 被动动作（主语承受）→过去分词(done/being done) Asked about his plan,he kept silent. 时间先后：强调分词动作先于谓语动作发生，用having done(主动)或having been done(被动) Having been told the news,she cried. 3.独立主格结构（高考高频） 当分词短语的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，需保留自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结 构。 Time permitting,we will go on a trip..(时间允许的话，我们.) he homework done,the children played outside.(作业做完后，孩子 们..) (四)高考高频考点总结 1.识别句子成分，判断句型→影响动词形式（谓语/非谓语） 例：The problem (solve)yesterday was difficult. (根据句子结构：主语problem+谓语？空处位于名词后且已有谓语was,故需 非谓语。且problem是solve的承受者，用过去分词solved→后置定语。) 2区分定语与状语：若修饰名词，选定语；若说明谓语动作的背景，选状语。 例：The man standing there is my teacher..(定语)/Standing there,the man looks tall.(状语) 3独立主格结构：有独立逻辑主语，逗号隔开，常见于完形填空和语法填空。 The test finished,the students left the room. 4.不规则动词过去分词拼写：如written,buit,spoken,seen,given等。 例：The letter was written by him. 二、专项练习 (一）单项选择（共10小题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The expression on his face showed that he was greatly moved. A.touched B.touching C.being touched D.having touched 2. from the top of the mountain,the city looks magnificent. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 3.The book for beginners is written by a famous professor. A.intending B.intended C.to intend D.intend 4. twice,he still couldn't understand the meaning A.Having told B.Having been C.Telling D.To tell told 5.There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light. A.followed B.following C.to follow D.being followed 6.The students in the exam will be punished. A.caught cheating B.catching cheating C.being caught cheat D.to catch cheating 7. with enough money,the old man could live a peaceful life A.Providing B.Provided C.To provide D.Provide 8.The windows open all night made the room very cold. A.leaving B.left C.to leave D.having left 9. the truth,he felt very sorry for his mistake. A.Having known B.Knowing C.Being known D.Known 10.The project by the end of last year has been completed ahead of time. A.to be finished B.finishing C.finished D.having finished (二)用所给词的适当形式填空（共8小题） 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确分词形式(doing/done/having done/having been done)填空。 1. (see)from the space,the earth is a blue sphere. 2.The man (dress)in a black suit is our new manager. 3. (work)hard all day,she felt extremely tired. 4.The suggestion (put)forward at the meeting is worth considering. 5 (not know)her address,I couldn't send her a letter. 6.All the windows (break)in the storm have been repaired. 7. _(complete)the task ahead of schedule,they were praised by the boss. 8.The children (play)in the garden are my younger cousins. (三)篇章语法填空（共12小题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意：可能需填分词，也可能 需填谓语或非谓语的其他形式，根据语境判断)。 Last night,I saw a group of students 1. (perform)a play on the school stage.The play 2. (write)by a local playwright was about a hero 3. (fight)for freedom.4. (attract)by the story,I stayed until the end.The actors,5.(dress)in beautiful costumes,gave a wonderful performance.6.__(impress)by their acting,the audience burst into applause. During the interval,a man 7. (call)Mr.Li came to talk to me.He said the play 8.(base)on a true story.9. (hear)this,I felt even more moved.After the show,10.(leave)the theatre,I saw many people 11. (take)photos with the actors.12. (give)a signed poster,I felt very lucky. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.B;9.A,10.C (二)用所 给词的适当 1.Seen;2.dressed;3.Having worked;4.put;5.Not knowing;6.broken; 形式填空 7.Having completed;8.playing (三)篇章 1.performing;2.written;3.fighting;4.Attracted;5.dressed; 语法填空 6.mpressed;7.called;8.was based;9.Hearing;10.leaving; 11.taking;12.Given