Unit 5 Languages around the world-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（人教版）

Unit 5 Languages around the world 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：定语从句中的介词提前用法 ★同步语法二：名词性从句 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 介词提前（又称“介词前置”）是指将定语从句中本应放在从句末端的介词，提前到关系代词之 前，从而构成"介词+关系代词"的结构。这种结构只能用于关系代词which(指物)和 whom(指人)，不能用于that或who(除非that作介词宾语且介词不提前)。介词提前的 目的是使句子结构更紧凑、语体更正式，是高考语法填空、短文改错和写作句型升级的核心考 点。 (二)核心用法与规则 用法要点 说明与规则 例句 关系代词用which(指物)或whom ·The house in which I 1.介词提前的基 (指人)，介词放在which/whom前面。 used to live has been sold. 本结构 原从句中的谓语动词与介词构成固定搭 (The house which I 配。 used to live in...) This is the teacher from 指物→which;指人→whom;表示所 2.关系代词的选 whom I learned a lot.·I 择 属关系→whose(whose前也可加介 found the book on whose 词，如：on whose head) cover there was a red star. ·可提前：The man about ①动词短语中的固定介词，可提前也可不 提前（口语中常不提前）；②介词提前 whom we talked is a 3.介词位置的选 时，语体更正式，多用于书面语。③如果 pianist..·不可提前：The 择依据 baby whom she looked 从句是“动词+介词”固定短语，且介词 after is healthy.(look after 不能和动词分开，则只能将介词一起置于 句末，不可提前。 不可拆开，不能说after whom she looked) 4.“介词+ 可用于简化定语从句，构成“介词+ ·She has no pen with which which to write.(=She which/whom+todo”结构，相当于 whom”+不定 一个定语从句。 has no pen with which 式 she can write.) ·The person to whom you 5.与that/ 介词提前时，不可以使用that或 who的转换限制 should speak is Mr.Li. who,必须用which./whomo 能说to that/to who) (三) 高考高频考点总结（附例句） 考点 说明 例句 The song to which I listened 介词必须能与从句中的动词、形容词 was beautiful..(listen to可提 ①判断介词是否可 提前 或名词搭配，且不破坏动词短语的完 前)·The song which I 整性。 listened to was beautiful,(也可 不提前) 根据从句中动词、形容词或名词的固 This is the museum about 定搭配确定介词。常见搭配： which we often talked.(talk ②介词的选择 depend on,refer to,be proud about)·The boy of whom of,be famous for,be interested she is proud won the prize.(be in,be familiar with等。 proud of) The city in which I was born ③关系代词只能用 介词后不能跟that或who,除非在 is famous.(正确)·The city in which/whom 非正式文体中介词本身不提前。 that I was born is famous. 误) ④“介词+ 表所属关系时，whose可用在介词 The girl in whose eyes I saw whose"结构 后，表示“…的”。 tears is my sister. ·The man whom she put up with is her cousin.(正确)· ⑤固定动词短语不 look after,take care of,put 能拆分的情况 up with,get along with等，介词 The man with whom she put 不能提前，只能放句末。 up is her cousin,(错误，put up with是固定短语，不能拆分) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The school I studied for six years is now a national heritage site A.in that B.in which C.which D.when 2.The writer,several of novels have been made into films,is giving a lecture tomorrow. A.whom B.whose C.that D.which 3.Is there any problem we should pay special attention? A.to which B.which C.to that D.in which 4.The old house roof was damaged in the storm is being repaired. A.which B.whose C.of which D.that 5.The pencil he was writing suddenly broke. A.with which B.by which C.through which D.in which 6.This is the university my father graduated 30 years ago A.from which B.from that C.which D.that 7.The manager, I had a long conversation yesterday,is very experienced. A.with whom B.who C.with who D.that 8.The speed light travels is about 300,000 kilometers per second. A.at which B.by which C.with which D.in which 9.The artist paintings are on display is from Italy. A.who B.whose C.of whom D.which 10.She is a person I can always rely on in times of trouble A.on whom B.whom C.who D.for whom (二)用适当的关系代词或介词填空(8小题) 根据句意，在空白处填入合适的介词（一个词）和关系代词(which/whom/whose),构成 “介词+关系代词"结构。每空一词。 1.The museum we paid a visit was built in the 19th century. 2.The professor I received an email is going to give a speech 3.The film the child is afraid is actually a comedy. 4.This is the village my grandmother used to live. 5.The classmates I get along best are those who share my interests. 6.The river banks are covered with flowers is very beautiful. 7.The problem we must find a solution is very urgent. 8.The writer several short stories are published is from Canada. (三)篇章语法填空（10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内所给词的正确形式。注意：部分 空格需要填写“介词+关系代词”结构，或根据上下文选择合适的关系词。 Last week,I visited an old town 1. the history I had been fascinated for years.The first place 2. we went was a tower 3.the top we could see the whole town.Inside the tower,there was a collection of ancient coins,most of 4.were made of silver.The guide,5.I talked at the entrance, told us many stories about the town.One of them was about a famous artist,in 6. _memory a statue was built in the square.We also saw a bridge 7. the river,8.was built in the Ming Dynasty.The bridge,the stones of 9. _were brought from distant mountains,has withstood hundreds of years of floods.After the tour,I bought a book 10. I could learn more about the town's culture. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.A;6.A;7.A;8.A;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用适 当的关系代 1.to which 2.from whom 3.of which 4.in which 5.with whom 词或介词填 6.whose 7.to which 8.whose 空 (三)篇章 1.whose of which 2.which/that 3.from which on whose 语法填空 4.which 5.with whom 6.whosewhose memory 7.over/across 8.which 9.which 10.from which through which 章 语法精讲精练二 (一）基本定义 名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词功能的从句，可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。它是 高考英语语法填空、短文改错、写作中的高频考点，重点考查连接词的选择、语序及主谓 一致。 (二)核心用法与分类 名词性从句按其功能分为四类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。下表概括 其主要特点： 类 在句中的功能 常见连接词 型 例句 主 that,whether,what, What he said is true. 语 作主语，通常置于句首，也 who,which,when, 从 It is important that we 可用t作形式主语 where,how,why, 句 should study hard. whatever,whoever等 宾 I know that he is 语 that,if/whether,what, 作及物动词、介词或形容词 honest./She is 从 who,which,when, 的宾语 interested in what I 句 where,how,why等 said. 表 语 放在系动词(be,seem, that,whether,what, The problem is that look,remain等)之后，说 we lack time.That is 从 who,which,when, 明主语内容 where,how,why等 why I was late 同 位 跟在抽象名词(idea,fact, The news that our 语 news,hope,belief, that,whether,what, team won excited doubt,evidence等)之 how等 everyone./I have no 从 后，解释该名词的具体内容 句 idea where he is (三)连接词用法详解 1.连接词that 在宾语从句中常可省略（除并列宾语从句中第二个that不省）；在主语从句、表语从 句、同位语从句中一般不省略。 在主语从句中，that不能与if/whether混用(that引导陈述句，无词义)。 例句：That he passed the exam made us happy.(主语从句，that不可省) 2.连接词whether/if whether可用于所有名词性从句；if只能用于宾语从句（且不能与or not连用）。 在主语从句中表“是否"时，只能用whether,不能用if。 例句：Whether we will go depends on the weather..(主语从句) 注意：如果从句后有or not,则只能用whether。 例句：Idon't know whether he will come or not. 3.连接代词what/who/whom/which/whose 保留疑问含义，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 例句：What he needs is more time.(what在从句中作needs的宾语) 例句：I wonder whose pen this is.(whose在从句中作定语) 4.连接副词when/where/how/why 在从句中作状语，保留疑问含义。 例句：When we will start hasn't been decided.(when在从句中作时间状语) 5.连接词whatever/whoever/whichever/whenever/wherever/however 表示“无论”，引导名词性从句时相当于“anything that'"或“anyone who'等。 例句：Whoever breaks the law will be punished.（=Anyone who breaks the Iaw...) (四)语序规则（高考核心考点） 名词性从句必须使用陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语”，不能使用疑问语序。 错误：Can you tell me where does he live? 正确：Can you tell me where he lives? 注意：当连接词在从句中作主语时，语序即为“连接词+谓语”。 例：I know who is the tallest.（(who作主语，后直接跟谓语) (五)易混点对比 1.that与what: that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，无词义； what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，意为“所..的事/物"。 例句：That she succeeded is well-known.(that无词义) 例句：What she achieved is amazing.(what作achieved的宾语) 2.whether.与if(详见上文三、2) 3.主语从句中t作形式主语的常见句型： It+be+形容词/名词/过去分词+that从句 It is certain that he will win.It is a pity that you missed the concert. 注意：若形容词为important,necessary,essentials等，从句谓语常用“(should) do"。 It is necessary that we (should)finish the work on time. 4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 同位语从句解释抽象名词的内容，tat在从句中不作成分；定语从句修饰名词，关系 词在从句中作成分。 例：The news that he told me was exciting.(定语从句，that作told的宾语) 例：The news that our team won was exciting.(同位语从句，that不作成分) (六)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1判断从句类型并选择正确连接词 例： leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.-Whoever (主语从句，做人主语) 2.区分形式主语t与强调句型 形式主语：It is important that.(去掉tis和that后句子不完整) 强调句：tis.that..(去掉t is that后句子依然完整) 例：It was in the park that I met him.(强调句) 3.宾语从句中否定转移现象 当主句主语为l/We,谓语动词为think,believe,.suppose,expect等，且从句含有 否定意义时，否定转移到主句。 例：Idon't think he will come.(否定的是从句内容) 4.介词后接名词性从句（多用what/whether,不用that) 例：'m interested in what you said.(介词in后接宾语从句) 注意：个别介词后可接that从句，如except that,in thats等，需特殊记忆。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. he will come to the meeting hasn't been decided yet. A.If B.Whether C.That D.What 2.I wonder you can help me with my math problem. A.that B.what C.if D.which 3.The fact he is an expert in this field is well known to us. A.that B.which C.what D.why 4. we need is more time to prepare for the exam. A.That B.What C.Which D.Whether 5.Could you tell me the nearest hospital is? A.what B.where C.that D.which 6.It is important we should take enough exercise every day. A.that B.what C.whether D.how 1. leaves the office last should lock the door. A.Who B.Whoever C.Whom D.Whomever 8.I have no idea he will arrive. A.that B.what C.when D.which 9.The reason he was late is that he got up late. A.that B.why C.what D.which 10. he said at the meeting surprised everyone present. A.That B.What C.Whether D.Which (二)用适当的连接词填空(10小题) 根据句子语境，填入恰当的连接词(that,whether,.if,what,who,whom,which, when,where,how,why,whatever,whoever). 1. he will succeed depends on his hard work. 2.I don't know __she is getting along with her new job. 3.The problem is we can finish the work in time 4.It's a pity you missed the wonderful concert. 5. we should do next hasn't been decided. 6.I'm not sure_he has passed the exam or not. 7.The news our team won the game made us excited. 8. wins the first prize will get a big bonus. 9.Can you tell me book this is? 10.The teacher asked us we had finished our homework. (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的连接词或根据上下文填词。 Last week,our teacher asked us 1. we had read the novel "The Old Man and the Sea".Most of us said yes.Then she said,"The reason 2. ask this is that I want you to write a report about 3. the old man's spirit means to you." It was a challenge,but I was confident.4. impressed me most was the old man's determination.I wanted to share 5. _I had learned from the book.The problem was 6. _I could express my thoughts clearly.My friend suggested 7. I should read the book again carefully.He said, "8. _you understand deeply,you can write better." During the writing,I realized 9. it is important to have a clear mind. Finally,my teacher praised my report and said,"I know exactly 10._ you want to convey."I felt very proud. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.C;3.A;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.B (二)用适 当的连接词 1.Whether;2.how;3.whether;4.that;5.What;6.whether;7.that; 8.Whoever;9.whose;10.whether/if 填空 (三)篇章 1.whether/if;2.why;3.what;4.What;5.what;6.whether;7.that; 语法填空 8.If/Once;9.that;10.what