Unit 2 Friendship-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（冀教版）

Unit 2 Friendship 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：过去将来时 ★同步语法二：一般过去时与过去将来时辨析 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间点来看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的将来”。它 并非独立的时态形式，而是通过助动词或固定结构来体现，是高考英语语法填空、短文改错、 写作中的高频考点。 (二)核心结构与用法 过去将来时的常见表达方式有四种，其含义和语体色彩略有不同，具体如下： 结构 含义侧重 例句 表示过去某个时间之后将要发 would+动词原 生的动作，常用于间接引语或 He said he would come to the party. 形 他说他会来派对。 宾语从句中 was/were 表示过去打算或计划做某事， They were going to leave at 7 a.m., going to+动词 but the rain delayed them.他们原本打 或根据迹象预测将要发生 原形 算早上7点离开，但雨耽误了他们。 was/were to 表示过去注定、安排或命命要 The meeting was to be held the 动词原形 做的事，多用于正式或书面语 next week.会议原定于下周举行。 was/were 表示过去即将发生的动作，常 I was about to go out when the about to+动 与when连用（意为“刚 phone rang.我正要出内，这时电话响 词原形 要…这时…”） (三)核心含义区分 1.表示“过去计划/打算”（常暗含“未实现”） 过去计划/打算：|was going to call you,but|forgot..我本来要给你打电话的，但 忘了。 过去计划/打算：They were to start the project in May,but the funds were cut. 他们原计划五月后动项目，但资金被砍了。 2.表示“过去预言/推测” 过去预言/推测：He thought the exam would be difficult.他以为考试会很难。 过去预言/推测：The weather report said it was going to rain.天气预报说会下 雨。 3.表示“过去即将发生的动作” 过去即将动作：The bus was about to leave when the latecomer jumped on. 公交车正要出发，这时迟到者跳了上来。 (四)过去将来时Vs一般将来时（高考必考点） 一般将来时：以"现在"为参照点，表示将来动作。例如：He will come tomorrow 过去将来时：以"过去"为参照点，表示从过去看将来。例如：He said he would come the next day. 对比项 一般将来时 过去将来时 时间参照点 现在 过去 典型结构 will be going to would was/were going to 常见语境 直接引语、客观预测 间接引语、过去计划、过去推测 例句 l will finish it soon. I knew I would finish it soon. (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.宾语从句中的过去将来时（主句过去→从句用过去将来) ②例句：She promised that she would return the book soon. ⑦例句：He told me that the train was to arrive at8p.m. 2.“was/were going to”表示未实现的打算 Q例句：I was going to travel abroad last summer,but|had to stay home for the exam. 3.“was/were about to..when..”固定句型 ②例句：We were about to set off when it started to snow. 4.“woud”表示过去习惯性动作（非过去将来）的区分 过去将来：He said he would call me later.(他说他晚点会打给我) 过去习惯：Every morning he would go for a walk.(他每天早上都会去散步一一此 用法不表将来，高考常设干扰) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The teacher said that the exam in two weeks. A.will hold B.would hold C.would be held D.is held 2.1 to attend the lecture,but I had a sudden headache A.was going B.would go C.went D.have gone 3.She was about to leave the office her boss called her back. A.when B.while C.as D.before 4.He told me that he his work by the end of the next day. A.will finish B.would finish C.finishes D.has finished 5.They thought the project_ a great success A.is B.was C.will be D.would be 6.The meeting start at 9 o'clock,but it was delayed by the chairman. A.was to B.is to C.has been to D.had to 7.l invite you to the party,but my parents said no. A.had been going to B.was going to C.would D.have been to 8.Nobody knew what next. A.happens B.happened C.would happen D.will happen 9.-Why didn't you come to the party? 一1 but I had an unexpected visitor. A.will come B.was coming C.have come D.came 10.They believed that the new policy many changes. A.will bring B.would bring C.brings D.has brought (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）。 1.He promised that he (buy)me a gift on my birthday. 2.The train (leave)in five minutes,but we were stuck in traffic 3.l (tell)you the truth,but I was afraid you would get angry. 4.She said she(not give)up until she succeeded. 5.The rescue team(set)out at dawn,but the storm forced them to stay. 6.1 (call)you when you walked into the room. 7.They announced that the final match_(hold)the following Saturday 8.We (finish)the report yesterday,but our computer broke down. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 Last month,I had a plan to visit my grandparents in the countryside.I 1. (tell)my mother that I 2._ (go)there by myself.She said she 3. (drive)me,but I refused.I thought I 4.(have)no trouble taking the bus. The day before my departure,I checked the weather forecast.It said it 5._ (rain)the next day,so I took an umbrella.When I 6.(get)to the bus station,I found the bus 7.(leave)at 8:30 a.m.I was about to get on 8.I realized I had left my phone at home.I 9.(go)back to get it, but there was no time.Fortunately,a kind stranger lent me his phone.I called my grandma and told her I 10.(arrive)soon. The bus finally came.I sat by the window and thought about the wonderful weekend that 11.(lie)ahead.It was true that I 12. (not expect)the trip to be so smooth,but it turned out perfectly. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.C;7.A;8.B;9.A;10.A 选择 (二)用所 1.would buy 2.was about to leave 3.was going to tell 4.would not 给词的适当 give 5.was to set 6.was about to call 7.would be held 8.were 形式填空 going to finish (三)篇章 1.told 2.would go 3.would drive 4.would have 5.was going to 语法填空 rain 6.got 7.would leave 8.when 9.was going to go 10.would arrive 11.lay 12.had not expected 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间点或时间段内发生的动作或存在的状态，是英语中最基本 的时态之一。过去将来时则表示从过去某个时间点看，将要发生或打算发生的动作或状 态，常用于间接引语、宾语从句或特定语境中，体现“过去的未来”这一时间视角。 (二) 核心用法与结构对比 时 态 构成形式 核心用法 典型时间状语 例句 yesterday,last 1.过去某个时间发 week,in 2020, ①I watched a 般 主语+动词过去式 生的动作或状态2： 过 (be动词用 过去经常或反复发 three days movie yesterday. 去 ago,when I ②She was very was/were) 生的动作3.过去的 时 一系列动作 was young, happy last night. just now ①He said he 主语+woud+动 1.从过去某个时间 would come to 词原形主语+ 看将要发生的动作 the next day, 过 2.过去计划或打算 the following the party.②They 去 was/were going to were going to week,later, +动词原形主语+ 做某事3.过去注定 将 travel to Japan, soon,in the was/were to+动 要发生的事 but changed their 来 词原形过去进行时 coming years (was/were to) minds.③The 时 (均需从过去时 (go,come,leave 4.在间接引语中表 meeting was to 间点出发) 等动词表计划) 示“将来的过去” begin at 9 a.m. the next day. (三)核心含义区分 1.时间参照点的不同 一般过去时：以“现在”为参照，讲述过去发生的事，与现在无直接关联。 过去将来时：以“过去某个时间点"为参照，谈论该时间点之后的动作或状态，必须 依赖一个明确的过去时间背景。 2.间接引语中的典型用法（高考高频考点） 直接引语为一般将来时(will/be going to),变为间接引语时，主句为过去时，从 句应改为过去将来时。 He said,“I will help you.”→He said that he would help me She said,.“I am going to visit the museum.”→She said that she was going to visit the museum. 3.was/were going to vs.would的区别（易混点） was/were going to强调“过去的计划或意图"，且该计划可能未实现。 例：I was going to call you,but I forgot. woud更强调“从过去角度看，某事将要发生”，通常不暗示计划是否实现，可用于 客观陈述。 例：They knew the meeting would start at 10a.m. 4.过去进行时表示过去将来(go,come,leave,stat,arrive等瞬间动词) He told me that his sister was coming to see him. 这种用法侧重“即将发生的动作”，常与时间状语连用。 (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.一般过去时与过去将来时在宾语从句中的混用 易错点：学生容易在间接引语中误用一般将来时。 例：The teacher said that the exam would be held the next week.（V) 错例：The teacher said that the exam will be held the next week.(X) 2语境判断：是否从过去视角看未来 若句子没有明确的过去时间背景，则不能用过去将来时。 例：He hoped that he would pass the test.(V hoped"提供了过去时间点) 错例：He hopes that he would pass the test.(X主句是一般现在时，从句应 用一般将来时) 3.was/were to+动词原形表“注定"或“安排”，常用于正式文体 例：The hotel was to be completed by the end of that year..(那家酒店计划 在那年底完工) 注意：该结构在高考阅读中可能作为长难句出现，需识别。 4.时间状语的前后呼应 一般过去时：yesterday,last night,in2000,when I was a child 过去将来时：the next day,the following week,soon after that,later that year(必须与过去时间点搭配使用) 例：He said he would leave for Beijing the next day.(不能 说“tomorrow",因为tomorrow是以现在为参照) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.He to the party last night,but he was too busy. A.came B.would come C.had come D.was going to come 2.She said she the book the following week. A.finishes B.will finish C.would finish D.has finished 3.-I didn't see you at the meeting yesterday.-I for an important phone call from my boss. A.waited B.was waiting C.would wait D.had waited 4.They to start a new project,but the funding was cut. A.are going B.were going C.had gone D.would go 5.The train at 6 p.m.the next day,so we arrived at the station early A.left B.was leaving C.would leave D.has left 6.My grandfather me a story every night when I was a child. A.tells B.would tell C.was telling D.told 7.He announced that the winner _a prize of $10,000. A.receives B.received C.would receive D.had received 8.1 to call you,but I lost your number. A.had intended B.intended C.would intend D.was intending 9.The weather forecast said it sunny the next day,but it rained. A.is B.was C.would be D.will be 10.-Why didn't you attend the lecture?-I ,but I had to pick up my son from school. A.would B.was going to C.had D.did (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）。 1.He (say)that he (come)to help us the next day. 2. (plan)to go shopping yesterday,but it rained heavily. 3.The teacher told us that the museum (be)closed the following week. 4.When I was young,my father often (take)me to the park on Sundays. 5.She (leave)for London the next morning,but she changed her mind. 6.They (build)a new library last year,and it is now open. 7.He asked me whether I (attend)the meeting the next Friday. 8.1 (think)the film (begin)at 8 p.m.,but it started at 7:30. (三)篇章语法填空（(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 Last week,I met an old friend whom I 1. (not see)for years.He told me that he 2. (move)to a new city and 3. (work)as a teacher there.He said he 4.(teach)English at a high school and that his students 5._(love)him very much.I asked him what he 6._ (do)the following summer.He replied that he 7. (travel)to Europe with his family.But later I heard that he 8. (change)his plan because of an emergency.Actually,he 9. (be)always a person who made decisions quickly.He 10. (say)he would call me as soon as he arrived, but he never did. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.D;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.C;6.D;7.C;8.A;9.C;10.B (二）用所 1.said;would come 2.planned was planning 3.would be 4. 给词的适当 took 5.was leaving 6.built 7.would attend 8.thought;would 形式填空 begin (三)篇章 1.had not seen 2.had moved 3.worked 4.taught 5.loved 6. 语法填空 would do 7.would travel 8.had changed 9.was 10.said