Unit 1 Nature-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（沪外版）

Unit 1 Nature 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：限定性定语从句综合 女同步语法二：词汇构词法拓展：反义词(Antonyms) 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 限定性定语从句在句中修饰名词或代词，对所修饰的词起限定、区别、说明作用。它与先行 词关系密切，不可省略，否则主句意思不完整或含糊不清。它是高考语法填空、短文改错、写 作中高频考查的从句类型。 (仁)关系词选用规则总览 关系词 先行词类型 从句中充当成分 注意事项 who 指人 主语、宾语 口语中常替代whom 宾语（常与介词 正式文体中保留；介词后只能用 whom 指人 连用) whom 不能用于指人；介词后只能用 which 指物 主语、宾语 which 不能用于非限制性定语从句；介 that 人或物均可 主语、宾语 词后不能用 定语（表示所 相当于“the+名词+of whose 人或物均可 属) which/whom” when 时间名词(day,year 时间状语 可替换为“介词+which” 等) 地点名词(place, where 地点状语 可替换为“介词+which” room等) why reason 原因状语 可替换为“for which” (三)核心用法与考点 1.关系代词作主语、宾语时的省略规则 关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略（口语及非正式文体）；作主语时不能省略。 g例句：The book(which/that)I read yesterday is inspiring.(作宾语，可省) ⑧例句：The book which/that was published last year is a bestseller.(作主语， 不可省) 2.只用that的四种情况（高考高频） ①先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时 ②先行词为al,little,much,few,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等 不定代词时 ③先行词既有人又有物时 ④先行词被the very,the only,the same,the last等修饰时 O例句：This is the best film that I have ever seen,(最高级) ②例句：I've read all the books that you lent me.(先行词为alW 3.只用which的情况（高考易错） ①非限制性定语从句中 ②介词之后（介词+which/whom) ⑨例句：He lived in a house,in front of which stood a tall tree.(介词后) 4.关系副词when/where/why与“介词+which"的互换 when at/in/on which where in/at/on which why for which O例句：I still remember the day when/on which I first met her. 5.whose的用法 表示”..的”，既可指人也可指物，相当于"the+名词+of which/whom” g例句：The teacher whose son won the prize is very proud, g例句：The house whose windows are broken is abandoned.(=the windows of which) 6.限制性Vs非限制性定语从句（区分必考） 限制性：与先行词不可分割，无逗号，省略后句意不完整。 非限制性：对先行词补充说明，有逗号，省略后主句意思仍完整。不能用that,关系词不 可省略。 ②例句：My sister,,who works in Shanghai,,often calls me.(非限制性，仅补充说 明) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.关系代词选择：先行词指人、指物、或既指人又指物 O例句：The man and the dog that were crossing the street caused a traffic jam.(先行词既有人又有物，用that) 2.介词+关系代词结构 例句：This is the factory in which my father used to work.(注意介词搭配：work in) 3.关系副词与关系代词的辨析 例句：This is the factory where my father used to work.(where=in which,作 地点状语) 例句：This is the factory which my father used to work in.(which作宾语，介词in 提前或后置均可) 4.从句中谓语动词的单复数：与先行词一致 例句：He is one of the students who are good at math.(先行词是the students, 复数) 例句：He is the only one of the students who is good at math.(先行词是the only one,单数) 5.as引导的定语从句（固定搭配） as常与the same,such,so连用；也可用在非限制性定语从句中，指代整个主句。 例句：Such people as you describe are rare now.(as作宾语) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The woman son was injured in the accident is crying. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 2.This is the most interesting book I have ever read A.which B.that C.what D.who 3.The reason he explained at the meeting was unbelievable A.why B.for which C.that D.when 4.The factory we visited last week is now closed. A.where B.which C.when D.why 5.I still remember the days_ we spent together on the farm. A.when B.which C.in which D.on which 6.The scientist and his discovery are mentioned in the article interest me a lot. A.which B.who C.that D.whom 7.Is this the shop sells handicrafts? A.which B.where C.in which D.what 8.The teacher told us a story,the ending of was very moving. A.that B.which C.what D.whom 9.He is the only one of the students been praised by the principal. A.who have B.that have C.who has D.which has 10. is known to all,the moon revolves around the earth A.It B.As C.Which D.That (二)用适当的关系词填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，填入适当的关系词(who,whom,which,that,whose,when,where, why)。每空一词，注意有些空可以填两个不同的关系词（选择其一）。 1.The company he works for is famous worldwide. 2.I'll never forget the momentI received the offer. 3.The professor,_ lecture on climate change was fascinating,answered our questions patiently. 4.There is no reason you should be late for the interview. 5.The house roof is covered with snow looks like a fairy tale. 6.The teacher we respect most is retiring next month. 7.We need a situation both sides can benefit. 8.All I want is a peaceful holiday away from work. (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的关系词（或填“介词+关系词”"），或根据语境用括号内所给 词的适当形式填空，使短文语法正确、意思通顺。 Last summer,I visited a small town 1. _my grandfather once lived.The town,2. population was only 500,has a very old church 3. dates back to the 16th century.The window 4.the sunlight came through was beautifully painted. I met an old lady 5. knew my grandfather when they were young.She told me stories about the days 6.they spent together in the town.There was a garden 7. they used to sit and chat.The garden,8.flowers were in full bloom,still exists today. The reason 9 my grandfather left the town was that he needed to find a better job.But he always missed the place 10. he had grown up 三、参考答案 (一）单项 1.C;2.B;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.A;8.B;9.C;10.B 选择 (二)用适 当的关系词 1.which that 2.when 3.whose 4.why 5.whose 6.whom who 填空 that 7.where 8.that (三)篇章 1.where 2.whose 3.that/which 4.through which 5.who/that 语法填空 6.that/which 7.where 8.whose 9.why;10.where 语法精讲精练二 （一)基本定义 反义词(Antonyms)指意义相反或相对的单词。在词汇构词法中，通过添加否定前缀或 后缀，可以快速扩展反义词，是高考英语词汇积累与完形填空、阅读推断的重要考点。 类型 定义 示例 前缀否定 在词根前加否定前缀，构成反义词 happy→unhappy(不快乐的) 后缀否定 少数词通过后缀-less构成反义 care→careless(粗心的) 互补反义 两者矛盾，非此即彼 alive/dead(活着的/死的) 相对反义 两者间有中间状态，可分级 big/small(大的/小的) 高考重点考查否定前缀的拼写规则与语义匹配，其中un-、in-（含变体im-、il-、ir-)、 dis-、non-为最常见类别。 (仁)核心否定前缀用法详解 1.前缀un-(最常用，适用范围最广) 加在形容词、副词、动词、名词前，表“不、未、非” 拼写规则：无特殊变化，直接加un: 常见例词： able→unable(无能力的) important→unimportant(不重要的) lock→unlock(开锁，反义) expected→unexpected(出乎意料的) ★易错提示：un-不能与in-系列混用；如“不公平"是unfair,不是infair 2.前缀in-及其变体（依词根首字母变化) ★核心规则：in-在I前变为il-,在m/p前变为im-,在r前变为ir 原前 使用条件 示例 缀 词根首字母为 logical→illogical(不合逻辑的) moral→immoral(不道德的)；possible→ im- 词根首字母为m或p impossible(不可能的) ir- 词根首字母为「 regular→irregular(不规则的) 其他情况（不包括 complete→incomplete(不完整的)；accurate→ in- I,m,p,r) inaccurate(不准确的) ★高考常考点：区别im-与un-;如“不成熟"是immature(前缀im-),不是 *unmature 3.前缀dis-(表“相反、否定、消失") 常用于动词、形容词、名词 示例： agree→disagree(不同意) honest→dishonest(不诚实的) advantage→disadvantage(缺点) 易错点：dis-与un-有时不可互换，如dislike(不喜欢)不能说*unlike(unlike 是介词“不像")；disappear(消失)不能说*unappear 4.前缀non-(表“非、不"，常带有“不属于某类"含义) 多用于名词、形容词，通常带连字符（尤其在正式语体中） 示例： native→non-native(非本地的) stop→non-stop(值达的，不停的) verbal→non-verbal(非语言的) 与un-、in-的区别：non-往往强调“不是某类”，而un-强调“相反性质”。如non- smoker(非吸烟者)≠un-smoker(无此词) (三)后缀-ess(表“没有..") 加在名词后，构成形容词，表示“无、缺少” 示例： care→careless(粗心的) hope→hopeless(无望的) home→homeless(无家可归的) ★对比：-ful后缀表“充满.”，如hopeful(有希望的)→hopeless(无希望 的) (四)高考高频易错点归纳 序 号 易错点 错误写法 正确写法 提示 混淆il-与 *inlogical im-位置 illogical 词根首字母1→ 误加un- 2 于in-类 *unpossible impossible 词根首字母p→im- 词 忽路ir 3 规则 *inregular irregular 词根首字母r→ir dis-与 *unlike作动词（应为 4 dislike unlike为介词"不像” un-混用 dislike) 多音节词 原词accurate用 *unaccurate inaccurate 前缀选择 in- im-+moral→ 6 拼写双写 字母 *imoral immoral immoral(m不重 复) -less与- *carefree(无忧无虑 careful反义为 -less表"缺乏"， 、 free混淆 的)≠careless careless free表"免除” 不规则反 present/absent, 非构词法反义词需单 8 无前缀直接反义词 义词积累 ascend/descend 独记忆 (五)反义词在高考语境中的应用示例 1.语法填空：The (usual)weather forced us to cancel the picnic →答案：unusual(前缀un-加usual,意为“不寻常的") 2.阅读理解：根据上下文推断生词反义 →例如：The policy was practical rather than impractical. →通过rather than提示相反关系，impractical=not practical 3.完形填空：The story was s0_ (believe)that nobody believed it. →答案：unbelievable(un-+believe+able) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（共8小题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.It's t to finish such a difficult task in only one day. A.possible B.impossible C.unpossible D.dispossible 2.The teacher asked the students to be but some of them still made careless mistakes A.careful B.careless C.uncareful D.discareful 3.The new policy brought many__changes to the local economy. A.advantage B.disadvantage C.advantages D.disadvantages 4.His behavior was so_ that everyone was shocked. A.moral B.immoral C.unmoral D.immorral 5.Though the task was he completed it with great patience. A.logical B.illogical C.unlogical D.dislogical 6.The boy wandered alone on the street,with nowhere to go A.home B.homeless C.homely D.homelike 7.The two sides have opinions on this issue,so a compromise is hard to reach. A.like B.unlike C.dislike D.likely 8.Many_ speakers find English grammar quite challenging. A.native B.non-native C.unnatural D.disnative (二)用所给词的正确反义词形式填空（共8小题） 根据句意，在横线上填入括号内单词的否定形式（前缀或后缀），每空一词。 1.It is (polite)to interrupt others while they are speaking. 2.The (regular)heartbeat made the doctor worried. 3.The result of the experiment was_ (expected)to everyone. 4.She felt (comfortable)sitting on the hard wooden bench. 5.The bridge was closed due to_(safe)conditions. 6.The boy's (honest)behavior earned him a bad reputation. 7.The (employ)man spent months looking for a job. 8.Some (smoke)areas are provided in the airport. (三)篇章语法填空（共10小题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式（含反义词构词法变化）。 Last week,our class held a debate about whether it is 1. (necessary） to learn a foreign language.Some students thought it was an 2. (important)skill,but others believed it was 3. (use)in the modern world.The teacher pointed out that 4. (logical)arguments often come from 5.(complete)understanding of the topic. One student gave a very 6.(usual)example:learning a language can be 7. (advantage)for travel.However,another student argued that 8. (native)speakers sometimes face 9.(fair)treatment in job markets.Finally,the teacher encouraged us to be 10.(patient) learners and respect different opinions. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.D;4.B5.B;6.B;7.B;8.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的正确 1.impolite 2.irregular;3.unexpected 4.uncomfortable; 反义词形式 5.unsafe 6.dishonest 7.unemployed 8.non-smoking 填空 (三)篇章 1.unnecessary 2.unimportant 3.useless 4.illogical 5.incomplete 6.unusual 7.advantageous 8.non-native 语法填空 9.unfair 10.patient