Unit 4 Sports-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第二册（沪外版）

Unit 4 Sports 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： garage barely neighbourhood guy varsity crush hustle dribble shoot sit-up push-up pull-up hoop sneaker severe critic ally challenging endearing ultimate tough competitor visa million 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 1 barely 释义：adv.几乎没有；仅仅；仅够 /'beali/ 词汇变形：bare(adj.空的；赤裸的) 搭配：barely enough勉强够；barely visible几乎看不见；can barely do sth.几乎不能做某事 辨析：barely强调“刚好，几乎不”，常与数量词连用：hardly强调 “困难地”，常与any/ever连用；scarcely常与when连用表示“刚 …就”。 例句：He was so tired that he could barely keep his eyes open, 他太累了，几乎睁不开眼睛。 The room was barely furnished,with only a bed and a chair. 房间里几乎没有家具，只有一张床和一把椅子。 crush 释义：ⅴ破坏，毁坏（信心或幸福）；压坏；压伤；挤压变形 /krAf! 词汇变形：crushing(adj.压倒性的；惨重的) 搭配：crush sb.'s hopes/,dreams使某人的希望破灭；crush into挤 进；crush against挤靠 辨析：cush指外力挤压使变形或粉碎；smash指猛烈击碎成碎片； squeeze指从两侧挤压。 例句：The failure crushed his confidence completely.. 这次失败彻底摧毁了他的信心。 The glass was crushed into pieces under the heavy stone. 玻璃被大石头压成了碎片。 3 hustle 释义：v.强行：强迫；硬干；推搡；猛推 /hasV 词汇变形：hustler(n.骗子；活跃分子)；hustle and bustle(n.熙熙攘 攘) 搭配：hustle sb.into doing sth.催促/强迫某人做某事；hustle through匆忙通过；hustle for争取 辨析：hustle常指推搡或催促；rush指快速行动：huy指匆忙。 例句：The guards hustled the protesters away from the building. 警卫把抗议者推搡着赶出了大楼。 Don't try to hustle me into making a decision 别催我做决定。 dribble 释义：V.(足球等)运球；带球；流口水；垂涎 /'dribV/ 词汇变形：dribbling(.运球；口水) 搭配：dribble the ball运球；dribble down the field带球下球场； dribble from the mouth流口水 辨析：dribble特指球类运动中的运球；pass指传球；shoot指射门。 例句：He dribbled past two defenders and scored a goal. 他带球过掉了两名防守队员并攻入一球。 The baby dribbled milk down his chin 婴儿把牛奶从下巴上流了下来。 shoot 释义：v.(足球、曲棍球等)射门：投篮：开（枪或其他武器）： u:t/ 射击 词汇变形：shot(.射击；投篮；照片)；shooting(n.射击：枪击事 件) 搭配：shoot at向…射击；shoot the ball投篮；shoot a film拍电 影 辨析：shoot指开枪或射门（动作）；fre指开火（通常指枪炮）； kick指踢球。 例句：He shot from outside the three-point line and made it. 他在三分线外投篮命中。 The hunter shot at the bird but missed. 猎人朝鸟开枪但没打中。 6 severe 释义：adj.严厉的：苛刻的：极为恶劣的：十分严重的 /sI'vIa(r)/ 词汇变形：severely(adv.严重地)；severity(n.严重性；严厉) 搭配：severe punishment严厉惩罚；severe weather恶劣天气： severe pain刷痛 辨析：severe强调程度严重；strict强调规则严格；harsh强调苛刻、 残酷。 例句：The country is facing a severe economic crisis. 该国正面临严重的经济危机。 He received a severe reprimand for his behavior. 他因行为不端受到了严厉的斥责。 critic 释义：n.评论家；评论员；批评家：抨击者 /kritk/ 词汇变形：critical(adj.批评的：关键的)：criticism(n.批评)： criticize(v.批评) 搭配：sharp critic尖锐的批评者；film critic影评人；critic of sth …的批评者 辨析：critic指发表评论的人；critique指评论文章；comment指一 般评论。 例句：The critic gave the movie a negative review. 评论家对这部电影给出了负面评价。 He has been a fierce critic of the government's policy 他一直激烈批评政府的政策。 8 ally 释义：n.支持者（尤指从政者的)；盟友 /'aelal 词汇变形：allied(adj.同盟的：有关的)；alliance(n联盟；结盟) 搭配：ally with与…结盟；political ally政治盟友；find an ally in 在…中找到支持者 辨析：ally指个人或团体间的盟友；partner指合作关系；supporter 指支持者（更泛）。 例句：She was my closest ally during the campaign. 在竞选活动中她是我最亲密的盟友。 The two countries became allies in the war. 这两个国家在战争中结成了盟友。 9 challenging 释义：ad山.挑战性的：考验能力的 /'tfaelmd3m/ 词汇变形：challenge(n.挑战：v.挑战)；challenger(n.挑战者) 搭配：challenging task有挑战的任务；challenging situation棘手情 况；find sth.challenging觉得某事有挑战 辨析：challenging强调困难但有吸引力；difficult单纯指困难； demanding指费力且要求高。 例句：The exam was extremely challenging,but I managed to pass. 这次考试极具挑战性，但我还是通过了。 She enjoys taking on challenging projects 她喜欢承担有挑战性的项目。 10 endearing 释义：ad山j.令人爱慕的：惹人喜爱的：讨人喜欢的 In'diarm/ 词汇变形：endear(v.使受喜爱)；endearment(m.表示爱慕的言语/ 行为) 搭配：endearing quality可爱的品质；endearing smile迷人的微 笑；endear oneself to使自己受…喜爱 辨析：endearing强调引起好感；lovable指本身可爱；charming指 迷人。 例句：His shy smile was endearing to everyone. 他羞涩的微笑让每个人都感到亲切。 She has an endearing habit of humming while working. 她有一个可爱的习惯，就是工作时哼歌。 11 ultimate 释义：adj.最重要的：最好的（或坏、伟大等）；最后的：最终的： /'Altimat/ 终极的 词汇变形：ultimately(adv.最终)；ultimatum(m.最后通牒) 搭配：ultimate goal最终目标；ultimate responsibility最终责任； ultimate fate最终命运 辨析：ltimate强调终极、最终结果；final单纯指最后：eventual指 最终发生的（常指经过一段时间）。 例句：The ultimate aim ofeducation is to develop character: 教育的最终目的是培养品格。 That was the ultimate insult. 那是最极端的侮辱。 12 tough 释义：ad山j.艰苦的：艰难的；棘手的：坚强的；健壮的；能吃苦耐劳 f 的：坚韧不拔的 词汇变形：toughness.坚韧：困难)；toughen(v.使变坚韧) 搭配：tough decision艰难的决定；tough competition激烈竞争； tough guy硬汉；be tough on对…严厉 辨析：tough指身体或精神上坚强；strong指力量；hard指困难或坚 硬。 例句：It's a tough job,but someone has to do it. 这是一项艰巨的工作，但总得有人去做。 The team showed tough defense throughout the game. 该队在整个比赛中展现了顽强的防守。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（共12小题） 1.The storm caused (severe)damage to the coastal villages,leaving many people homeless. 2.After hours of negotiation,they finally reached an (ally)agreement. 3.The little boy was so hungry that he could (bare)wait for his mother to cook dinner. 4.The coach trained the players hard,focusing on (dribble)and passing skills. 5.The newly-published novel received harsh (critic)from several famous reviewers. 6.She found it extremely (challenge)to balance her part-time job and schoolwork. 7.The (ultimate)decision on whether to move abroad rests with the whole family. 8.The guard (hustle)the crowd away from the scene of the accident to maintain order. 9.His (endear)sense of humor made him very popular among his classmates. 10.Despite the (tough)environment,the explorers continued their journey. 11.The footballer (shoot)the ball into the net in the final minute of the match. 12.The heavy machine (crush)the metal can flat as if it were made of paper (二)单句表达（根据汉语提示，用本单元核心词汇完成句子） 1这次失败几乎彻底摧毁了他成为职业球员的希望。 The failure of becoming a professional player. 2别逼我做决定：我需要更多时间考虑。 Don't a decision;I need more time to think. 3这个任务非常艰巨，但我们必须在一个月内完成。 The task is but we have to complete it in one month. 4影评人对这部电影的评价非常严厉，称其缺乏创意。 The the movie were very _saying it lacked creativity. 5在辩论赛中，她是我最坚定的支持者。 She was my the debating competition. 6他可爱的笑容总能让他受到周围人的喜爱。 His smile always the people around him 7这个国家正面临严重的经济挑战。 The country is 8他几乎没听懂老师的话，因为演讲是英语的。 He the teacher's words because the lecture was in English. (三)短文填空 Last year,our school basketball team faced a 1 (tough)season.We had lost several games 2 (barely)by a few points,and the crushing defeats 3 (crush)our morale.Our coach was 4 (severe)critical of our performance,especially our inability to 5 (dribble)past defenders and 6 (shoot)accurately.I was the team captain and felt the weight of responsibility.The local sports 7 (critic)wrote an article predicting that we would not make the playoffs.However,I found an unexpected 8 (ally)in our assistant coach,who believed we could still turn 9 (challenge)into opportunities.We began to practice harder,focusing on every detail.The final game of the season was the 10 (ultimate)test.With seconds left,I managed to break through the defense and scored the winning shot.The crowd's roar was 11 (endearing)-it felt like a warm hug.We 12 (hustle)off the court as heroes, proving that even the toughest dreams can come true. 三、参考答案 1.severe;2.allied;3.barely;4.dribbling;5.criticism;6.challenging;7.ultimate; 8.hustled;9.endearing;10.tough;11.shot;12.crushed (二)单句表达 1.nearly crushed his hopes;2.hustle me into making;3.extremely challenging;4.critics' reviews of,severe;5.strongest ally in;6.endearing;endeared him to;7.facing severe economic challenges;8.barely understood (三)短文填空 1.tough;2.barely;3.crushed;4.severely;5.dribble;6.shoot;7.critic;8.ally; 9.challenging;10.ultimate;11.endearing;12.hustled