Unit 2 Language and Culture-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（沪外版）

Unit 2 Language and Culture 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：状语从句（复习） ★同步语法二：被动语态（复习+现在进行时被动语态+现在完成时被动语态） 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 状语从句是充当句子状语的从句，用于修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明时 间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较等关系。在高考语法填空、完形填 空、改错及写作中，状语从句的连接词选择、时态呼应和倒装结构是核心考点。 (二)核心分类与连接词 类型 常用连接词 关键考点与例句 when,while,as,before ①时态呼应：主将从现；主过从过。②until用 after,since,until/till,as 于肯定句表“直到…”，否定句表“直到…。 时间 soon as,once,the moment, 扌”。③when的特殊用法：be about to instantly,no sooner...than, do.when..(正要做...突然)。例：Iwas hardly...when about to leave when the phone rang. ①主将从现（主句用将来时，从句用一般现在 if,unless,as long as, 时)。②unless=if not用于否定条件。③虚 条件 provided/providing that,on 拟语气需识别（较少出现在复习中，但注意区 condition that,in case 分)。例：You will fail the exam unless you work hard. ①because语气最强，回答why;since和 as表示已知原因。②now that表示“既然”， 引导的从句常位于句首。③和r作并列连词，不 原因 because,since,as,now that 引导原因状语从句。例：Now that you have finished your homework,you can watch TV. although,though,even ①although/though不与but连用。②as 让步 though/if,while,as(倒装)， 引导的倒装结构：形容词/名词/动词+as+主 no matter+疑问词，疑问词- 语+谓语。③while置于句首表示“虽然”。 ever 例：Young as he is,he knows a lot.. ①从句常含情态动词 may/might/can/could。②so that与in so that,in order that,for order that可互换。③for fear that和lest 目的 fear that,in case,lest 表“以防”，从句用should+动词原形。例： Speak loudly so that everyone can hear you. ①so+形容词/副词+that;such+(a/an) +名词+that。②so that引导结果状语从句 so...that,such...that,so 结果 时，从句通常不含情态动词。例：It was that such a hot day that nobody wanted to go out. (三)高频考点精讲 1.时间状语从句中的“主将从现” ⊙规则：主句用一般将来时/祈使句/含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时。 O例：Ne will go hiking if it doesn't rain tomorrow.(从句用doesn't rain 而非won't rain), 2.until的用法区分 。肯定句：动作持续到util所表示的时间结束，谓语动词为延续性动词。 ②例句：He waited until his mother came back. @否定句(not.unti):动作直到untilF所表示的时间扌发生，谓语动词为非延续性动词。 g例句：He didn't leave until his mother came back, Q强调句/倒装句：It was not until his mother came back that he left./ Not until his mother came back did he leave. 3.when的特殊句型 be doing.when.(正在做..突然) ⑨be about to do...when..(正要做.突然) had done.when.(刚做完.突然) She was walking along the street when she met an old friend. 4.让步状语从句的倒装（as/though) 结构：形容词/名词/动词+as/though+主语+谓语。 注意：名词前不加冠词。 例：Child as he is,he can speak two languages.(Child前无a) 5.so..that与such..that的转换 so adj./adv.that such +(a/an)+adj.+n.that 转换口诀：Such+名词前，so+形副后；若遇复数不可数，such nice people/such cold weather. He is so clever a boy that everyone likes him.He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him. 6.目的状语从句中的情态动词 so that/in order that后的从句常用can/could/may/might; for fear that/lest/in case常跟should+动词原形(should可省略)。 例：He took an umbrella in case it should rain. 二、专项练习 （)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The businessman had to sell his car he could pay off the debts A.in order to B.so that C.as long as D.so as to 2. the sun sets,the temperature drops sharply in the desert A.While B.After C.As soon as D.Since 3.She won't believe it she sees it with her own eyes. A.unless B.if C.when D.after 4. _he is very young,he has a good command of three foreign languages. A.Although B.Because C.Provided D.As 5.He spoke in a loud voice everyone could hear him clearly. A.such that B.so that C.in order D.so as 6.Hardly had he arrived at the airport the plane took off. A.when B.than C.before D.until 7. weekends,I prefer to go hiking rather than stay at home. A.When B.While C.As D.A 8.You can go out to play you promise to be back before 9 p.m. A.as far as B.as long as C.as well as D.as soon as 9. the government takes effective measures,the air pollution will become worse. A.If B.Unless C.Because D.Since 10.It was a difficult problem nobody could solve it. A.so;that B.such;that C.too;to D.very;that (二)用适当的连接词填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，填入合适的状语从句连接词（每空一词）。 1.I will wait for you you come back. 2. you have finished the report,you can leave the office 3. she was listening to music,her brother was doing his homework. 4.The old man was so weak_ he could hardly stand up. 5.it rains heavily,the sports meeting will be put off. 6.He speaks English he were a native speaker.(用方式状语从句连词) 7.We should take the schedule seriously_ _we may miss the deadline. 8. clever he is,he can't solve this math problem alone (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的连接词或所给动词的正确形式。 Last summer,I went on a trip to the mountains.It was a journey 1 I would never forget. 2. we arrived at the foot of the mountain,the weather was sunny.We started climbing early_3._ we could reach the top before noon. 4. we were climbing,we saw many beautiful wild flowers. we stopped to take pictures,we noticed a small stream. 6 tired we were,we didn't give up.The guide told us that 7. we kept going,we would see the most amazing view. 8. we finally reached the top,the sun was directly overhead.It was 9. a breathtaking sight_10.we all cheered loudly. We sat down to rest and enjoyed the lunch11. we had brought from home. 12. the afternoon,we started to descend.It was a day full of joy and challenge. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.A;4.A;5.B;6.A;7.A;8.B;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用适 1.until till 2.Now that Since As 3.While 4.that 5.If 6.as if as 当的连接词 though 7.in case for fear that 8.However No matter how 填空 (三)篇章 1.that which 2.When 3.so that in order that 4.While /As; 语法填空 5.When As 6.However No matter how 7.if 8.When 9.such; 10.that 11.that which 12.In During 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)被动语态概述 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，其核心结构为：b+过去分词。不同时态通过改变 be的形式来体现。高中阶段重点考查主动与被动语态的辨别、时态与语态的结合，以及 非谓语动词中的被动含义。 (二) 常见时态的被动语态（复习） 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 The classroom is cleaned every am/is/are done day. 一般过去时 was/were done The bridge was built in 1998. 一般将来时 The meeting will be held next will be done Monday 现在进行时（新 am/is/are being 学) The road is being repaired now. done 现在完成时（新 have/has been The report has been finished 学) done already. (三)现在进行时被动语态（详解） 1.结构：am/is/are+being+过去分词 表示“正在被做”，强调动作此时此刻正在进行且主语是承受者。 例句： The problem is being discussed at the moment.(问题此刻正在被讨论) Many new houses are being built in this area.(许多新房子正在这个区域被 建造) 2.常见考点： 与现在进行时主动语态区分：主动用be doing,被动用be being done. 主动：They are building a school.(他们正在建学校) 被动：A school is being built by them.(学校正在被他们建) 易错点：注意being不可省略，否则变成一般现在时被动或现在分词作定语。 错误：The house is built now.(应改为is being built,表示“正在被建") 正确：The house is being built now. 3.高考高频句例： The new airport is being designed by a famous architect. The article is being written and will be finished next week. (四)现在完成时被动语态（详解） 1.结构：have/has+been+过去分词 表示“已经（被）”，强调动作已经完成，且对现在有影响，主语是承受者。 例句： The book has been translated into many languages.(这本书已被翻译成 多种语言) All the tickets have been sold out.(所有票已经卖光了) 2.常见考点： 与现在完成时主动语态区分：主动用have/has done,被动用have/has been doned 主动：He has finished the work.(他已经完成了工作) 被动：The work has been finished by him.(工作已经被他完成了) 易错点：现在完成时被动语态中been不可遗漏，且过去分词需用正确形式。 错误：The letter has sent..(应改为has been sent) 正确：The letter has been sent. 3.高考高频句例： The project has been completed ahead of schedule. The cause of the accident has not been found yet. (五)两种语态的核心区别与易混点 对比项目 现在进行时被动 现在完成时被动 时间含义 正在进行的动作（此刻或现阶段） 已经完成的动作（强调结果或影响） 结构 am/is/are being done have/has been done 常见时间状 now,at present,right now already,yet,recently,just,so 语 currently far The car has been washed 典型例句 The car is being washed now. already. (六)被动语态使用注意事项 l.不及物动词（如happen,occur,.take place,belong to,appear,die等）无被动语 态。 正：The accident happened yesterday. 误：The accident was happened yesterday. 2.某些动词（如need,want,require,deserve)后接doing表示被动含义，等于to be done. The car needs washing The car needs to be washed. 3.感官动词（如see,hear,watch,.notice)在主动语态中后接do或doing,变为被 动时需还原to。 主动：I saw him cross the street, 被动：He was seen to cross the street. 4.双宾语结构（如give,send,offer,teach)变被动时，间接宾语或直接宾语均可作主 语。 主动：He gave me a book, 被动1：I was given a book(by him). 被动2：A book was given to me(by him). 二、专项练习 (一）单项选择（共10小题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The new library in our school now and will open next month. A.is built B.is being built C.has been built D.will be built 2.All the preparations for the exam so far. A.have made B.have been made C.are making D.are being made 3.Listen!The song_by the choir in the hall. A.is singing B.is being sung C.has been sung D.was sung 4.The report yet,so we have to wait. A.hasn't finished B.hasn't been finished C.isn't finishing D.wasn't finished 5.More than 50 trees along the river this spring. A.have planted B.have been planted C.are planting D.were being planted 6.The patient by the doctor at the moment. A.is examining B.is being examined C.has been examined D.was examined 7.The bridge over the river last year,but it is still under construction A.is being built B.was built C.has been built D.will be built 8.The machine for a year,but it works well now. A.hasn't used B.hasn't been used C.isn't used D.wasn't used 9.The problem over the past few days,and a solution will be found soon. A.is discussed B.has discussed C.has been discussed D.was discussing 10.The flowers by the gardener when I passed by A.are watering B.were being watered C.have been watered D.will be watered (二)用所给词的适当形式填空（共8小题） 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确被动语态形式填空。 1.The classroom (clean)by the students every day. 2.At present,the road (widen)to reduce traffic jams. 3.The email (send)already;you can check your inbox. 4.The famous painting (show)in the museum now. 5.The homework (not finish)yet,so the teacher is angry. 6.The trees along the street (cut)down last month 7.Look!The dog (feed)by the little girl. 8.The experiment (repeat)many times since last year. (三)句子改导（共6小题） 将下列主动语态句子改为被动语态，保留原句时态。 1.The workers are building a new hospital near the park. → 2.The students have completed the survey on environmental protection. 3.The teacher is explaining the grammar rules to the class. → 4.Someone has stolen my wallet from the desk. → 5.The company is designing a new type of smartphone. → 6.The manager has not approved the budget yet. (四)篇章语法填空（共12小题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意语态和时态）。 Nowadays,many efforts 1. (make)to protect the environment.A new policy 2. __(carry out)in the city at present to reduce air pollution. Factories 3. (require)to use clean energy since last year.So far,a lot of waste 4. (treat)properly.However,some problems still 5. (not solve).For example,the river near the factory 6. (pollute) seriously for years,but no action 7.(take)yet.Fortunately,a clean- up project 8. (discuss)now,and it 9. _(expect)to start next month.In addition,more trees 10. (plant)along the roads this spring.The local government believes that the environment 11. (improve)gradually.Everyone 12. (encourage)to join in this campaign. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B2.B3.B4.B5.B6.B7.A8.B9.C10.B (1.is cleaned 2.is being widened 3.has been sent 4.is being shown 给词的适当 5.hasn't been finished 6.were cut 7.is being fed 8.has been 形式填空 repeated (三)句子 1.A new hospital is being built near the park by the workers.;2.The 改写 survey on environmental protection has been completed by the students.;3.The grammar rules are being explained to the class by the teacher.;4.My wallet has been stolen from the desk by someone.5.A new type of smartphone is being designed by the company.;6.The budget has not been approved by the manager yet. 1.are being made 2.is being carried out 3.have been required 4. (四)篇章 has been treated 5.haven't been solved 6.has been polluted 7.has 语法填空 been taken 8.is being discussed 9.is expected 10.are being planted have been planted 11.is being improved 12.is encouraged