Unit 1 School Life-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（沪外版）

Unit 1 School Life 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：时态（复习+过去将来时） ☆同步语法二：基本句型结构 语法精讲精练— (一)基本定义 过去将来时是从过去某个时间点看，将要发生的动作或状态，即“站在过去说未来”。它常出现 在间接引语、宾语从句、上下文语境中，是高考语法填空、短文改错和写作中的高频考点。 时态 含义 典型标志词 在过去某时看来将要 the next day the following week would 过去将来时 发生的动作 was/were going to 过去发生的动作或状 一般过去时 态 yesterday last year/ago 过去某一时间之前已 过去完成时 完成的动作 by the end of last year/had done (二)核心用法与结构 过去将来时的常见表达形式有两种： 结构 用法说明 例句 would+动词原 表示从过去某时看将来必然或意愿发生的 He said he would come to 形 动作（较正式） the party. was/were 表示从过去某时看计划、打算或即将发生 going to+动词 I thought it was going to 原形 的动作（较口语化，强调“意图”） rain. was/were 表示“正要做某事”（强调立即发生，常与 The train was about to about to+动 when连用) leave when we arrived. 词原形 was/were to 表示按计划或命运注定要发生 (较正式， They were to meet at 5 动词原形 常出现在新闻或文学中) pm,but they were late. (三)核心区分：过去将来时Vs其他时态 1.过去将来时Vs一般过去时（高考易混点） 对比项 过去将来时 一般过去时 时间参照点 过去某个时间点，动作尚未发生 直接陈述过去已发生的事 例句 She told me she would buy a She bought a car yesterday car.(当时还没买) (已经买了) 2.过去将来时vs过去完成时 对比项 过去将来时 过去完成时 动作时间 发生在过去某时间点之后 发生在过去某时间点之前 例句 He believed the plan would He said the plan had succeed.(计划尚未实施) succeeded.(计划已经成功) 3.过去将来时Vs现在将来时 对比项 过去将来时 一般将来时 主句时态 主句为过去时 主句为现在时或将来时 例句 Tom said he would finish it. Tom says he will finish it. (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.过去将来时在间接引语/宾语从句中的使用 O例句：She promised that she would keep the secret. 考点：主句谓语为过去时(promised)),从句须用过去将来时。 2.was/were going to表“本打算做而实际未做” O例句：I was going to call you,but|forgot.. 考点：常暗示计划落空，为完形填空高频情感色彩。 3.was/were about to do.,when.,结构 例句：I was about to leave when someone knocked at the door. 考点：固定搭配，表示”正要做某事，突然.”。 4.“过去将来完成时”(would have done)的识别 O例句：He thought he would have finished the work by5pm. 考点：表示从过去看，到将来某一时间点会已经完成；常出现在状语从句中。 5.与虚拟语气中“would do”的区分 过去将来时真实语境下的过去未来时 虚拟语气：与现在事实相反的假设(If I were you,I would go.) 考点：需根据语境判断是”事实”还是“假设”。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.He promised that he never late again. A.is B.was C.will be D.would be 2.She said she a new job the following week. A.will find B.finds C.would find D.had found 3.I to call you,but my phone ran out of battery. A.am going B.was going C.have gone D.would go 4.The train leave when we rushed onto the platform. A.was about to B.is about to C.has been about to D.would be about to 5.He told me that they the project by the end of that year. A.will finish B.would finish C.would have finished D.had finished 6.-Why didn't you attend the meeting? 一1 but I had a sudden headache. A.will B.was going to C.had D.would 7.The manager announced that the new policy_ into effect the next month. A.came B.had come C.would come D.has come 8.I thought you_ me a hand,but you just stood there. A.will give B.would give C.gave D.had given 9.We start a new chapter when the bell rang. A.are about to B.were about to C.would D.had to 10.The old man always said that good days A.come B.came C.would come D.will come (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的过去将来时形式填空（注意主句为过去时）。 1.She hoped that she (become)a doctor one day. 2.They decided that they (not give)up no matter what happened 3.The teacher told us that the exam(take place)the following Monday. 4.l (go)to bed when I heard a strange noise. 5.He said he (buy)a new house by the end of that year. 6.We thought the weather (get)better soon. 7.The scientist announced that they (launch)a new satellite in a month. 8.I was so nervous that I (not know)what to say.(提示：填入包含过去将来时 的正确形式) (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意时态统一，主句为过去时）。 Last summer,I met an old friend who told me about his travel plan.He said he 1. (visit)several European countries the following year.He explained that he 2. (save)enough money by the end of that year,so he believed he 3. (afford)the trip.When I asked about his preparation,he said he 4. (book)some hotels in advance and 5.(take)a language course to communicate better. I was amazed by his determination.He also mentioned that he 6. (try)to find a travel companion,but his friends all told him they 7.(not join)him because of work.At that moment,I 8.(consider)whether I should go with him.I was about to give him a positive answer when my phone rang -my boss told me that I 9. (be sent)on a business trip next month.So my plan 10. (fall)apart. Later,my friend left and I received a postcard from Paris.On it,he wrote:"I knew you 11. (love)this city,but I can't wait until you come yourself.The Eiffel Tower is amazing.I 12.(show)you more photos when I get back,which I promised you. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.D;2.C;3.B;4.A;5.C;6.B;7.C;8.B;9.B;10.C 选择 (二)用所 1.would become 2.would not give 3.would take place 4.was going 给词的适当 to go was about to go 5.would have bought 6.would get 7.would 形式填空 launch 8.didn't know wouldn't know 1.would visit 2.would have saved 3.would afford 4.had booked (三)篇章 5.would take was going to take 6.was going to try/would try 语法填空 7.would not join 8.was considering 9.would be sent;10.fell 11.would love 12.would show 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns))是英语句子的骨架，由主语(S)、谓语动词 (N)、宾语(O)、宾语补足语(C)、表语(P)等成分按固定顺序构成。掌握五种基本句 型是理解长难句、写出地道英语的基础，也是高考语法填空、短文改错和写作中的高频考 点。 (二)核心用法与结构 五种基本句型以谓语动词的类型 (及物/不及物/系动词)为区分依据，具体如下： 句型 句型名 结构公 核心特征 编号 称 式 例句 主谓结 ① 构 S+Vi 谓语为不及物动词，句意完整， The sun rises.(太阳升起) 不需要宾语 主谓宾 S+Vt 谓语为及物动词，后接一个宾 She reads a book.(她读了 ② 结构 +O 语，动作作用于宾语 -本书) 谓语为可接双宾语的及物动词， 主谓双 S+Vt He gave me a pen.(他给 3 +10+ 间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语 宾结构 了我一支笔) do (物)在后 主谓宾 S +Vt 宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主 We found the problem 宾补结 +0+ 谓或主表关系，宾补补充说明宾 difficult.(我们发现这个问题 构 oc 语 很难) 谓语为系动词(be,become 主系表 S+LV The book is interesting. ⑤ 结构 seem等)，表语说明主语的性 +P (这本书很有趣) 质、状态或身份 ★考点提示：高考常考查双宾语与复合宾语的结构区分，以及系动词后表语成分的正确选 择（名词、形容词、介词短语等）。 (三)五种句型的关键动词识别（高考必考点） 1.S+Vi(不及物动词) 常见动词：happen,occur,.appear,rise,fall,arrive,come,go,work,sleep等 注意：部分动词既可及物又可不及物，需根据语境判断。 He works hard.(vi.)/He works the machine.(vt.) 2.S+Vt+O(及物动词) 常见动词：read,write,.see,like,buy,make,do,take,give,find等 注意：变被动时，宾语变为主语：The book is read by her. 3.S+Vt+IO+DO(双宾动词) 常见动词：give,send,tell,teach,show,offer,buy,bring,lend,pass等 注意：间接宾语后置时需加介词to或for He gave me a book.-He gave a book to me. √She bought me a gift.→She bought a gift for me. 4.S+Vt+0+0C(宾补动词) 常见动词：make,find,keep,call,see,hear,watch,consider,name,elect等 注意：宾补形式：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词等 例：hey made him monitor.(名词)/I saw her crying.(现在分词) 5.S+Lv+P(系动词) 常见系动词： √状态系动词：be,seem,appear,remain,stay,keep 变化系动词：become,get,turn,grow,go,fall √感官系动词：look,sound,taste,smell,feel 注意：表语成分：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等 例：he soup tastes delicious.(形容词)/His dream is to be a doctor..(不定 式) (四)易错点与高频考点 1.双宾语Vs复合宾语（★★★★★） 双宾语：间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物），两个宾语之间无逻辑关系 √He gave me a book.(me≠book,二者独立) 复合宾语：宾语+宾语补足语，宾补对宾语进行补充说明，两者有逻辑主谓或主表 关系 √He made me monitor.(me=monitor,宾补说明宾语身份) 判断技巧：在宾语后加上“be动词”，若句子成立则为复合宾语，否则为双宾语。 例：I consider him(tobe)intelligent.→加入be动词后“He is intelligent'” 成立→复合宾语 例：I gave him a book.→加入be动词后“He is a book”不成立→双宾语 2.主系表结构中表语的选择 注意：系动词后不能直接跟副词作表语（如He is sadly,错，应用形容词(He is sad.) 注意：表语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等 3.不及物动词与被动语态 注意：不及物动词（如happen,occur）没有被动语态，应使用主动形式 √The accident happened yesterday.(不可写成was happened) 4.there be句型（特殊主谓结构） 注意：属于倒装句，但本质上是“S+V"的变体：There+be+主语+状语 注意：be动词与主语保持数的一致：There is a book on the desk./There are two pens on the desk. (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.判断句型并正确使用动词形式 例：The story (sound)interesting.→sounds(主系表结构，sound 为系动词) 2.双宾语与复合宾语之间的转换 例：The teacher explained the rule to us.(双宾语) →The teacher explained us the rule?错(explain不接双宾语，只能用 S+V+O+to+IO结构) 3.感官动词后宾补的形式(do/doing/done) 例：I heard her__(sing)in the next room.→singing(主动进行) 例：I heard the song (sing)by her.→sung(被动完成) 4.there be句型的主谓一致与拓展结构 例：There (be)a book and two pens on the desk.is (就近原则) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The sun in the east every morning A.rises B.raises C.is risen D.rose 2.He me a beautiful gift on my birthday. A.bought B.bought for C.buying D.to buy 3.The boss made the workers _extra hours A.to work B.work C.working D.worked 4.The soup very delicious.Would you like some? A.is tasted B.tastes C.is tasting D.tasted 5.She found the novel She couldn't put it down. A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.to interest 6.Can you tell me the truth? A.how to tell B.how tell C.what to tell D.what tell 7.The teacher asked us quiet in the classroom. A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.kept 8.There a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A.is going to B.is going to be C.will have D.has have 9.The news him happy. A.made B.made to be C.made being D.making 10.He became after hearing the exciting news. A.excitedly B.excited C.exciting D.excitement (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式填空，注意句型结构。 1.The old man (live)alone in this house for many years 2.She (give)me a book as a birthday present yesterday. 3.I consider him (be)a trustworthy friend 4.The music (sound)wonderful.I love it. 5.The teacher told the students (not talk)in class. 6.There (stand)a tall building near the river. 7.He (fall)asleep while watching TV. 8.The coach made the team (run)ten laps every morning. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式，注意基本句型结构。 My grandfather 1. (be)a retired teacher.He 2. (live)in a small village with my grandmother.Every morning,he 3. (take)a walk along the river.The fresh air 4.(make)him feel energetic. Sometimes he 5. (pick)up some leaves and 6. (keep)them in a notebook.Yesterday,he 7.__ (show)me a photo album.The pictures 8 (look)very old but still clear.He 9. (tell)me many stories about his youth.I found those stories 10.(be)really inspiring.He 11. (call)me a hardworking boy and encouraged me 12. (study)hard.I will never forget this happy day. 三、 参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.A;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.B;9.A;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.has lived 2.gave 3.to be 4.sounds 5.Is 6.stands 7 fell 8.run 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.is 2.lives 3.takes 4.makes 5.picks 6.keeps 7. 语法填空 showed ;8.look 9.told 10.to be 11.called 12.to study