Unit 3 Travel-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（沪外版）

Unit 3 Trave 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：后缀(Suffixes,词汇拓展) ★同步语法二：前缀(Prefixes,词汇拓展) 语法精讲精练一 ()基本定义 后缀(Sux)是加在词根或单词末尾的字母或字母组合，用于改变词义或词性，是高考英语 词汇拓展与语法填空的核心手段之一。掌握常见后缀，能帮助考生快速推断生词含义、准确完 成词形转换。 (二)常见后缀分类及用法（核心表格） 词性 常见后缀 含义/作用 示例 高考高频词 表动作、状态、 名词后缀 population, -tion/-sion education,decision 结果 admission 名词后缀 表行为、结果、 development, environment, -ment 状态 achievement statement awareness, 名词后缀 -ness 表性质、状态 happiness,kindness darkness 名词后缀 responsibility, -ity 表性质、状态 ability,possibility security 表执行动作的 名词后缀 -er/-or 人)物 teacher,actor worker,conductor 名词后缀 表专业人员或信 economist, -ist artist,scientist 仰者 psychologist importance, 名词后缀 performance, -ance/-ence 表性质、状态 difference existence 名词后缀 -dom 表领域、状态 freedom,wisdom kingdom,boredom 名词后缀 -ship 表关系、身份 friendship, scholarship, leadership citizenship 形容词后 -ful 充满.…的 careful,hopeful useful,successful 缀 形容词后 endless, 缀 -less 无…的 careless,harmless meaningless 形容词后 缀 -ous 具有…的 dangerous,famous various,generous 形容词后 -ive 有.…倾向的 active,attractive creative,effective 缀 形容词后 可的、 comfortable, -able/-ible 缀 能.的 readable,possible accessible 形容词后 与有关的 cultural,natural 缀 traditional,global 形容词后 多…的、 有…的 rainy,funny healthy,wealthy 缀 形容词后 稍带… 缀 -ish 的、似的 childish,reddish foolish,selfish 形容词后 persistent, -ent/-ant 具有…性质的 different,important 缀 significant modernize 动词后缀 -ize/-ise 使….化、变成 organize,realize apologize 动词后缀 -ify 使.…化、使得 simplify,classify identify,intensify 动词后缀 -en 使……变得 widen,strengthen weaken,deepen 动词后缀 -ate 使 做…… communicate,create donate,celebrate 副词后缀 gradually, -ly 以.…方式 quickly,carefully naturally 副词后缀 -ward(s) 向…方向 forward,backward outward,upward 副词后缀 以…方式、关 otherwise, -wise clockwise,likewise 于 lengthwise (三)重点区分（高考必考易混点） 1.词性转换规则（高考必考） 动词-→名词：加-tion-sion/-ment/ance/-ence等。 例句：decide→decision;develop→development;appear→appearance 形容词→名词：加-ness-ity。 O例句：happy→happiness;able→ability 名词-→形容词：加-ful/-less/-ous-ive/-able-al等。 O例句：hope→hopeful/hopeless;danger→dangerous;create→creative 动词-→形容词：加-able-ible-ive。 O例句：read→readable;attract→attractive 形容词→副词：加-y(注意y改1等规则)。 Q例句：quick→quickIy;easy→easily;true→truly(特殊) 2.易混淆后缀辨析 -tion vs-sion:-tion更常见，-sion多用于以-de/-mit/-cede结尾的动词。 -able vs-ible:-able更普逼(possible等少数为-ible)。 -ful vs-less:-fu表"充满"，-less表"无”，常成对出现（如helpful/,helpless).。 -ent vs-ant:无绝对规律，需记忆常见词(important,different等)。 (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.语法填空中的词形转换 给出动词，要求变名词、形容词或副词。 Q例句：organize→organization;success→successful 2.阅读理解中的词义推断 根据已知后缀快速理解生词含义。 g例句：The unknown word can be guessed by the suffix-less meaning "without". 3短文改错中的后缀错误 如将successfu/误写为successfuly% ②例句：He is a successful businessman.(误写为successfuly需改为 successful) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The new policy is expected to bring about significant changes in the of education. A.develop B.developing C.development D.developmental 2.It is for such a small company to compete with international giants A.possible B.possibility C.possibly D.impossible 3.The scientist's research has won worldwide recognition. A.break B.breaking C.breakthrough D.broken 4.She is a highly writer,whose novels are loved by millions A.create B.creative C.creation D.creativity 5.The government is taking measures to the living standards of the poor. A.wide B.width C.widen D.widely 6.The accident was caused by the driver's of the traffic rules A.ignore B.ignorant C.ignorance D.ignoring 7.This medicine is for children under six;please keep it out of reach A.harm B.harmful C.harmless D.harmlessly 8.The of the ancient castle attracted thousands of tourists A.beautiful B.beautifully C.beautify D.beauty 9.We should try to our cultural heritage for future generations. A.protection B.protective C.protect D.protector 10.The _of the new technology has greatly improved productivity. A.apply B.application C.applicant D.applicable (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内单词加适当后缀填空（每空一词）。 1.The novel is (enjoy)because of its vivid characters and exciting plot. 2.After years of (train),the athlete finally won the gold medal. 3.Climate change is one of the most serious(environment)issues today. 4.The teacher explained the (differ)between the two words clearly. 5.It is (reason)to ask for help when you are in trouble. 6.The company is looking for someone with strong_ (lead)skills. 7.The (pollute)of the river has caused a serious threat to local wildlife 8.She is a woman of great (wise)and always gives good advice. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式（后缀词形变化）。 The rapid 1. (develop)of artificial intelligence has brought both 2. (excite)and concern to our society.Many experts believe that Al can greatly improve our 3. (efficient)in daily work.For example,self-driving cars are becoming more 4. (rely)and could reduce traffic accidents However,there are also 5. (risk)factors.The 6.(apply)of Al in military fields raises 7. (ethics)questions.Some people fear that machines might replace human jobs,leading to widespread 8.(employ).To address these issues,governments need to make 9.(wise)decisions and create 10. (effect)regulations. It is 11 (doubt)that Al will reshape our future.The key is to ensure its 12. (responsible)use while maximizing its benefits. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.D;3.C;4.B;5.C;6.C;7.B;8.D;9.C;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.enjoyable 2.training 3.environmental 4.difference 5.reasonable 6.leadership 7.pollution 8.wisdom 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.development 2.excitement 3.efficiency 4.reliable 5.risky 语法填空 6.application 7.ethical 8.unemployment 9.wise 10.effective 11.undoubted 12.responsible 章 语法精讲精练二 (一）基本定义 前缀是附加在词根前面的字母或音节，通过改变词义（如否定、方向、程度等）来拓展词 汇。掌握常见前缀有助于快速推断生词含义、提升阅读理解与完形填空的答题效率，是高 考英语词汇考查的重要环节。 (二) 核心分类与用法 分类 常见前缀 核心含义 例词（高中高频） unable,incorrect,impossible,illegal, un-,in-/im-/il-/ir-, 不/相反/ 否定 irregular,disagree,nonstop, dis-,non-,mis- 错误 misunderstand 方向/ pre-,post-,fore-, 前/后/超越/ preview,postpone,forecast, 方位 over-,under-,sub- 低于次要 overweight,underestimate,subway 程度/ super-,over-, 超级/过度/ superpower,overreact, 大小 under-,hyper-, 不足微型 underdeveloped,hyperactive,minibus mini- 时间/ 再/前/向前/ review,ex-husband,proceed, 顺序 re-,ex-,pro- 支持 proactive 转换」 使.…处 en-,em-,be- 变化 于… enlarge,empower,belittle 共同/ co-,inter- 共同/相互 cooperate,international 相互 (三）)核心用法与易错点 1.前缀与词根融合规则 in-在字母I前变为il-(Killegal),在r前变为ir-(irregular),在m/p/b前变为 im-(immoral,impossible) 常见变形：un-适用范围最广，但注意部分形容词否定用in-(如incorrect而非 uncorrect) 2.同义前缀辨析（高考高频） un-与dis:un-多用于形容词(unhappy),dis-多用于动词/名词(disagree, disorder) mis-仅表“错误”(misunderstand),un-表“不/相反”(unlock≠mislock) 3.前缀对词性的影响 前缀一般不改变词性，但en-可将名词变为动词(danger--→endanger)) 某些前缀可改变动词的及物性（如over-使动词变为及物：overload sth.) 4.易混淆前缀对比 pre-(前)vs.pro-(向前/支持)：preview(预览)vs.promote(促进) under-(不足/在..下)vs.sub-(在..下/次级)：underestimate(低估) vs.subway(地铁) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.前缀含义推断 例句：The article was full of misleading information.(mis-表“错误'，即 “误导的"） 2.前缀变形规则 例句：It is illegal to park here.(il-由in-在I前变形而来) 3.同根词不同前缀的语义对比 例句：The overheated engine stopped working.(over-表“过度")/The engine was underheated due to a fault.(under--表“不足") 4.前缀与语境搭配 例句：The two companies decided to cooperate on the project.(co-表“共 同”) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(8小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.It is to park your car in front of a fire station,as it blocks emergency access. A.unseen B.illegal C.irregular D.inactive 2.The manager asked us to the report before the deadline. A.preview B.review C.interview D.over 3.The child's behavior was completely _so the teacher had to contact his parents A.acceptable B.unacceptable C.disreputable D.unnecessary 4.Scientists are trying to the effects of climate change. A.overestimate B.underestimate C.understand D.misunderstand 5.The two parties signed an agreement to on environmental protection. A.cooperate B.correspond C.coordinate D.conflict 6.It is to make the same mistake twice in a row. A.uncommon B.unsurprising C.foolish D.unpractical 7.The word means "not possible to do". A.impossible B.irregular C.illegal D.independent 8.After the earthquake,the city had to its infrastructure A.rebuild B.prebuild C.overbuild D.misbuild (仁)用所给词的适当形式填空(10小题) 根据句意，用括号内单词加上适当的前缀（如un-,in-,dis-,mis-,re-,over-等）填 空。 1.The instructions were so (clear)that nobody could follow them. 2.It is (polite)to interrupt others while they are speaking. 3.We need to (consider)our plan because the situation has changed 4.The results of the experiment were (expected)-much better than we thought. 5.The driver _(understood)the traffic sign and took a wrong turn. 6.Don't (load)the truck with too many goods;it may break down. 7.The relationship between the two countries has been__(stable)due to trade disputes. 8.The machine is (use)because it is broken beyond repair. 9.He was (appear)when the police arrived at the scene. 10.The teacher asked the students to (write)their homework after checking the mistakes (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式（可加前缀或保持原形）。 Last year,our school launched a 1. (use)project to help students understand the importance of recycling.Many students thought it was 2. (necessary)at first,but later they found it 3. (expected) beneficial.The project required students to 4.(collect)used bottles and paper,and then 5. (cycle)them into new products.Some students even 6. (use)the materials to create artworks.A 7. (famous)artist was invited to give a lecture.He emphasized that 8. (prove)waste management can save resources.The whole event was 9. (forget)for everyone involved.By the end of the year,the amount of waste had been 10. (reduced)by 30%. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.A;6.C;7.A;8.A 选择 (二)用所 1.unclear 2.impolite 3.reconsider 4.unexpected 5. 给词的适当 misunderstood 6.overload 7.unstable 8.useless 9. 形式填空 disappear 10.rewrite (三)篇章 1.useful 2.unnecessary 3.unexpectedly 4.collect;5. 语法填空 recycle 6.reused 7.famous 8.improved 9.unforgettable 10.reduced