Unit 3 Progress-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（沪教版）

Unit 3 Progress? 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：动词-ing形式作状语 ★同步语法二：虚拟语气 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 动词-ig形式（现在分词）作状语是高考英语非谓语动词的核心考点之一。它用于修饰主句的 谓语动词，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、结果等状语意义。其逻辑主语通常与主句主 语一致，且与主语之间为主动关系。 (二)核心用法与类型 状语类型 功能说明 典型结构 例句 时间状语 表示动作发生的时间，相 Hearing the news, Doing.,主句 she burst into tears. 当于when/while.从句 (=When she heard...) 表示动作发生的原因，相 Being late for school, 原因状语 当于because/as从句 Doing,主句 he was punished by the teacher. 条件状语 表示假设的条件，相当于 if从句 Doing.,主句 Working hard,you will succeed 让步状语 表示“尽管…”，相当于 Knowing the risk,he though/.although.从句 Doing.,主句 still decided to go The children ran out 伴随状语 表示与主句动作同时发生 of the classroom, 的伴随情况 主句，doing… laughing and shouting 表示自然而然的结果，常 主句， The farmer died, 结果状语 放在句尾 (thus/thereby） leaving his family a doing… huge debt. (三)核心用法细节 I.一般式(doing):表示动作与主句谓语动作同时发生，或发生在主句动作之前不久。 ②例：Walking along the street,I met an old friend.(同时) O例：Arriving at the station,he found the train had left.(arrive略早于find) 2.完成式(having done):表示动作明显先于主句谓语动作发生，强调先后顺序。 Having finished his homework,he went out to play. O例：Having been told many times,he still made the same mistake.(被动完 成式) 3.否定形式：在-ing形式前加not。 ②例：Not knowing what to do,he turned to his teacher for help, 4.逻辑主语一致性：-ig形式的逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致，否则需用独立主格结构（主语 +doing/done)。 O正确：Walking in the park,I saw a beautiful flower.(I是walking的逻辑主语) O错误：Walking in the park,a beautiful flower caught my eye.(flower不能 walking) O改正：When I was walking in the park,a beautiful flower caught my eye. (或改为独立主格：He walking in the park,his phone rang.) (四)易错点与高考高频考点 1.-ing形式作状语Vs过去分词作状语 -ig：与主语为主动关系，或动作正在进行/同时发生。 过去分词(done):与主语为被动关系，或动作已完成。 Q例：Seeing from the top,.the city looks beautiful,.(主动看) ②例：Seen from the top,the city looks beautiful..(被动被看) 2.-ing形式作结果状语vs不定式作结果状语 -ing:表示自然而然、意料之中的结果。 不定式：表示出乎意料、合人惊讶的结果（常与oly连用）。 例：He worked hard,passing the exam.(自然结果) 例：He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left..(意外结果) 3.固定搭配中的-ing作状语 某些动词如spend,waste,have difficulty,be busy等后常用-ing形式，但本质上属 于固定搭配，非状语，注意区分。 4.高考常考不规则动词的-ing形式拼写（如writing,ying,running,swimming等） 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. from the top of the mountain,the village looks like a tiny toy. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 2. in the queue for hours,the man suddenly felt dizzy. A.Waited B.Waiting C.Having waited D.To wait 3.The teacher walked into the classroom, a book in his hand A.held B.to hold C.holding D.having held 4 the truth,she felt very sorry for what she had done. A.Known B.Knowing C.To know D.Having known 5. from his expression,he must have failed the exam. A.Judge B.Judging C.Judged D.To judge 6.The old man sat in the armchair, his eyes and listening to music. A.shutting B.shut C.to shut D.having shut 7.Not how to solve the problem,he asked the monitor for help. A.known B.knowing C.to know D.having known 8. many times,the young man finally succeeded in his experiment. A.Trying B.Tried C.Having tried D.Being tried 9. with the new test,the students felt more confident about their ability. A.Facing B.Faced C.To face D.Having faced 10.The earthquake struck the area, thousands of buildings. A.destroyed B.destroying C.to destroy D.having destroyed (二)用所给词的正确形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式(-ig形式或过去分词)填空。 1. (not receive)a reply,he decided to write another letter. 2.(realize)the mistake,he apologized to his classmate immediately. 3.The children went to the park,(sing)happily all the way. 4. (give)a chance to study abroad,she couldn't wait to start her new life 5. (tell)the bad news,she burst into tears. 6. (finish)his work,he took a deep breath and stretched his arms. 7. (lie)on the grass,the boy watched the clouds passing by. 8.The girl sat at the desk,(draw)a picture of her mother. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式(-ig形式、过去分词或不定式)。 Last Sunday,I visited an art exhibition 1. (hold)in the city gallery. 2. (walk)into the hall,I was amazed by the colorful paintings on the walls A famous painter,3.(know)for his abstract style,was there 4. (explain)his works to visitors. 5. (attract)by one huge painting,I stopped 6.(stare)at it for a long time.It showed a lonely tree 7.(stand)in the middle of a desert. 8. (look)at it,I felt a sense of sadness.The painter noticed my expression and came over.9.(learn)that I was a student,he kindly told me the story behind the painting.He said the tree represented his childhood 10. (grow) up in a small village.11.(hear)his words,I understood the deep meaning of his work.Before 12.(leave),I bought a small postcard of that painting as a memory. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 1.B;2.C3.C;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的正确 1.Not having received 2.Realizing 3.singing 4.Given 5.Told 6.Having finished 7.Lying 8.drawing 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.held 2.Walking 3.known 4.explaining 5.Attracted 6.to stare 语法填空 7.standing 8.Looking 9.Learning 10.growing 11.Hearing 12.to leave 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 虚拟语气是英语中表示假设、愿望、建议、要求、命命等非真实情况的动词形式，强调说 话人主观上的“与事实相反”或“不太可能实现”。虚拟语气不直接陈述客观事实，而是表达 一种主观态度，是高考语法填空、短文改错及完形填空的高频考点。 (二) 核心用法与形式（表格） 使用场景 构成形式（主句与从句） 例句 If I were you,I would 1.与现在 从句：If+主语+动词过去式(be用were) accept the offer..(如 事实相反 主句：主语+would/could/might+动词原形 果我是你，我会接受这个 提议。) If you had arrived 2.与过去 earlier,you would 从句：If+主语+had+过去分词主句：主语 have caught the 事实相反 +would/could/might+have+过去分词 train.(如果你早点到， 你就赶上火车了。) If it should rain 3.与将来 事实相反 从句：If+主语+were to/should+动词原 tomorrow,the game would be cancelled. (可能性极 形主句：主语+would/coud+动词原形 (万一明天下雨，比赛就 小) 会被取消。) The teacher suggested that we (should)read more 4.名词性 ①宾语从句：建议/命今/要求类动词 books.老师建议我们多 从句中的虚 (suggest/order/insist/demand)that 读书。Itis 拟语气（谓 +主语+(should)+动词原形②主语从句：It necessary that he 语动词用 is+ad./n.+that+主语+(should)+动词 (should)finish the should 原形(adj.如necessary/important/strange) task today.他有必要今 动词原形， ③表语同位语从句：名词 天完成任务。The should可省 (suggestion/order/advice:等)+that+主 advice that he 略) 语+(should)+动词原形 (should)give up smoking is reasonable 他应该戒烟的建议是合理 的。 I wish I were a bird. (现在)我希望我是一只 鸟。She wishes she 与现在相反：动词用过去式(be用were)与过 had not missed the 5.wish后 去相反：had+过去分词与将来相反： film.(过去)她希望自己 的宾语从句 would/could+动词原形 没错过那部电影。We wish it would stop raining.(将来)我们希 望雨能停。 He talks as if he were the boss.(现在)他说 6.as if 话的样子好像他是老板。 as 与现在相反：动词用过去式(be用were) 与过 though从 去相反：had+过去分词 She looked as though 句 she had seen a ghost. (过去)她看起来好像见 了鬼。 7.It is It is high time that we (high) 谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形 took action.(我们早 time that (should不可省略) 该采取行动了。) 从句 (三)核心含义区分（易混考点） 1.虚拟语气vs陈述语气 陈述语气：描述真实、可能发生的情况。 If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(明天有可能下雨) 虚拟语气：描述与事实相反或几乎不可能。 If it rained tomorrow,we would stay at home.(明天几乎不可能下雨，假设情 况) 1.虚拟语气Vs情态动词的委婉用法 “should"在虚拟语气中表示“应该”，常省略：在陈述句中表示“义务”。 He suggested that she (should)leave at once. She should leave at once.(陈述，表义) 1.错综时间条件句（主从句时间不一致） 从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反；或从句与现在相反，主句与将来相反。 If you had studied hard,you would be a university student now. (如果你过去努力学习，你现在就是大学生了。一一从句过去，主句现在) 1.含蓄条件句(without,but for,.otherwise,or等隐含条件) 用介词短语或副词代替f从句。 But for your help,I would have failed. (要不是你的帮助，我就失败了。) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.★名词性从句中should的省略与保留 >动词insist表示“坚持要求"时用虚拟(should do),表示“坚持认为"时用陈述。 He insisted that I(should)pay the bill..(他坚持要求我付账。) He insisted that he was right.(他坚持认为他是对的。) l.★wish与hope的区别：wish后接虚拟语气，hope后接陈述语气（真实可能）。 I hope it will be fine tomorrow.(希望明天天晴，可能实现) I wish it would be fine tomorrow.(但愿明天天晴，很难实现) 1.★asif后接陈述语气表真实情况（有时不作虚拟）。 It looks as if it is going to rain.(看上去要下雨了，真实) He treats me as if I were a stranger..(他待我如陌生人，虚拟) l.★tis(high)time that的谓语动词只用过去式或should do。 It is time that you studied for the exam. l.★条件句的倒装：若if从句谓语中有were,had,should,可省略if并提前这些词。 Were I you (If I were you),I would try again. Had he known the truth,he would not have done that Should it rain,the picnic would be put off. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.If1 you,I would take his advice A.am B.was C.were D.have been 1.He suggested that we early tomorrow morning A.started B.start C.would start D.must start 1.If you had taken my advice,you such a mistake. A.didn't make B.wouldn't make C.wouldn't have made D.hadn't made 1.It is strange that she such a silly thing. A.does B.did C.should do D.had done 1.l wish I the film with you last night. A.saw B.had seen C.have seen D.would see 1.But for your encouragement,I the project on time. A.can't finish B.wouldn't finish C.wouldn't have finished D.haven't finished 1.The teacher insisted that the homework before Friday. A.should hand in B.was handed in C.be handed in D.is handed in 1.It is high time that we action to protect the environment. A.took B.take C.will take D.have taken 1. it rain tomorrow,we would have to cancel the match. A.Should B.Would C.If D.Had 1.He talks as if he everything in the world. A.knows B.knew C.had known D.has known (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确虚拟形式填空。 1.f1 (be)you,I would not give up easily. 1.She wishes she_(not miss)the chance last year. 1.It is necessary that every student_ (follow)the school rules. 1.If you had worked harder,you (pass)the exam. 1.I would rather you (come)yesterday. 1.The doctor ordered that the patient(stay)in bed for a week. 1.But for the heavy rain,we (arrive)earlier. 1.It is time that the children (go)to bed. (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 Last week,I had a terrible dream.In the dream,I 1. (be)a bird flying freely in the sky.I wished I 2. (can)fly forever.However,a hunter aimed at me.If I 3. (not move)quickly,I would have been shot.I was so scared that I woke up. If only I 4.(not have)that dream!But I learned an important lesson: it is vital that we 5. (cherish)our real life.Suppose I 6. (be)a bird,I would never experience the warmth of family.The teacher once suggested that we 7. (reflect)on our daily life.He insisted that every moment 8.(be)precious. Now I feel grateful for everything I have.Without these experiences,I 9. (not understand)the meaning of happiness.It is high time that I 10. (start)to value the present. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.B;3.C;4.C;5.B;6.C;7.C;8.A9.A;10.B 选择 (二)用所 1.were 2.had not missed 3.(should)follow 4.would have 给词的适当 passed 5.had come 6.(should)stay 7.would have arrived 8. 形式填空 went (三)篇章 1.was 2.could 3.had not moved 4.had not had ;5.(should) 语法填空 cherish 6.were 7.(should)reflect 8.was 9.would not understand 10.started