Unit 2 Roads to education-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（沪教版）

Unit 2 Roads to education 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作定语 女同步语法二：带介词的短语动词(Phrasal verbs with prepositions). 语法精讲精练 (一）基本定义 动词的-ing形式（现在分词）和-ed形式（过去分词）均可充当定语，修饰名词或代词，相 当于形容词。它们在逻辑关系、时间含义上存在本质差异，是高考语法填空、短文改错和阅读 理解的高频考点。 形式 逻辑关系 时间含义 典型例句 正在进行 a running boy（一个正在跑的男 主动关系（名词发出 -ing(doing） 或一般 孩)an interesting story(一个有 动作) 状态 趣的故事) 被动关系（名词承受 已经完成 -ed (done) 动作)或完成关系 或被动 a broken window(一扇被打碎的窗 (不及物动词) 状态 户)fallen leaves(落叶) (二)核心用法与位置 1.前置定语（单个分词） -ing形式：放在名词前，表主动、进行或用途。 ⑨a sleeping baby(-个正在睡觉的婴儿) a swimming pool(游泳池，表用途) -ed形式：放在名词前，表被动或完成。 a used car(-辆二手车，表被动) a retired teacher(一位退休教师，表完成) 考点提示：注意区分及物动词与不及物动词的-ed形式。及物动词的-ed表被动（如 respected);不及物动词的-ed仅表完成（如gone,risen)。 2.后置定语（分词短语) 位置：放在被修饰名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。 -ig短语：表主动进行，可改写为"主动语态定语从句”。 The boy playing basketball is my brother.The boy who is playing basketball is my brother. -ed短语：表被动完成，可改写为“被动语态定语从句”。 OThe letter written by my sister is on the desk.The letter which was written by my sister is on the desk. 考点提示：分词短语作后置定语时，其逻辑主语就是被修饰的名词，据此判断用-g还是 -ed. (三)核心含义区分（高考必考点） 含义类别 ing形式 -ed形式 主动/被动 名词是动作发出者（主动）例： 名词是动作承受者（被动）例： developing countries发展中国家 developed countries发达国家 进行/完成 动作正在发生（进行）例：boiling 动作已经完成（完成）例：boiled water正在沸腾的水 water煮沸过的水 合他人产生某种情感（主动）例： 自身感到某种情感（被动/状态）例： 情感色彩 exciting news今人兴奋的消息 excited fans感到兴奋的粉丝 (四)高考高频考点总结 1.位置判定：单个分词前置，分词短语后置。 O例：a spoken question(前置)vs.The question spoken by the teacher (后置) 2.主动/被动与进行/完成的双重判断：需要结合语义和动词性质。 ②例：The fallen leaves cover the ground.(fall不及物，表完成) ②例：The leaves falling from the tree are yellow.(fal主动进行) 3.分词短语与定语从句的互换： O例：The building built last year is a library. 改写：The building which was built last year is a library, 4.不规则动词的过去分词拼写： write→written,break→broken,see→seen,go→gone,fall→fallen等。 5.易混词辨析： interesting(分人感兴趣的)vs.interested(感兴趣的) surprising(今人惊讶的)Vs.surprised(感到惊讶的) 规律：-ing修饰物，-ed修饰人（但实际是逻辑关系，如an interested look表示“感兴 趣的表情”，仍是人发出的状态)。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(8小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The speech by the professor inspired everyone present. A.inspiring B.inspired C.to inspire D.being inspired 2.The machine last week has already broken down again. A.repairing B.repaired C.to repair D.being repaired 3.Most of the students to the lecture are from the science department. A.inviting B.invited C.to invite D.having invited 4.The story by the old man moved all of us to tears. A.told B.telling C.to tell D.being told 5.The child stood at the door,waiting for his mother A.frightening B.frightened C.frighten D.to frighten 6.The news that the team won the championship excited everyone A.exciting B.excited C.excite D.excitement 7.The bridge across the river next year will connect the two towns. A.built B.being built C.to be built D.building 8.All the tickets have been sold out within two hours A.printing B.printed C.to print D.print (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的-ing形式或-ed形式填空。 1.The (fall)leaves covered the path,creating a golden scene 2.The (break)window needs to be replaced immediately. 3.The (confuse)instructions left the students unsure of what to do 4.A (grow)number of people are choosing to work remotely. 5.The (write)report must be submitted before Friday. 6.The (sleep)baby was carefully placed in the crib 7.The (lose)key was finally found under the sofa. 8.The (develop)countries are facing serious environmental challenges. (三)篇章语法填空(12空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的-ing形式或-ed形式。 Last weekend,I visited a small village 1. (locate)in the mountains.The 2 (surround)forests were breathtaking.I stayed in a 3. (build) made of wood,which had a 4.(paint)door in bright red. During my stay,I met a local guide 5.(call)Mr.Li.He showed me a 6.(fall)tree that had blocked the road the previous year.We also passed by a 7. (run)stream where children were playing.The most 8. (impress)sight was an old temple 9.(date)back to the Ming Dynasty. The walls inside were covered with 10.(write)stories.Some paintings 11. (draw)by ancient artists were still well protected.The whole experience was truly 12.(relax),and I felt deeply refreshed. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.A;7.C;8.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.fallen 2.broken 3.confusing 4.growing 5.written 6.sleeping 形式填空 7.lost 8.developing (三)篇章 1.located 2.surrounding 3.building 4.painted 5.called 6.fallen; 语法填空 7.running 8.impressive 9.dating 10.written 11.drawn; 12.relaxing 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 带介词的短语动词是指由“动词+介词'”构成的固定短语，整体充当及物动词，后面必须 接宾语。这类短语动词在语义上不可分割，介词是短语的一部分，不能随意省略或替换。 例如： depend on(依赖) look after(照顾) belong to(属于) insist on(坚持) consist of（由..组成) 高考中常考查短语动词的语义理解、宾语位置、被动语态中介词的保留以及与动词+副词 短语的区分。 (仁)核心用法与分类（表格形式） 类别 特征 例句 注意点 短语动词本身及 不可拆开：×She 1.及物 She looks after her looks her 物，宾语必须跟 性 在介词后 grandmother every day. grandmother after. 变为被动时，介 2.被动 The problem was dealt with 高考必考点：被动语 词紧跟在动词之 语态 carefully. 态中介词不可省略 后，不能丢失 介词后接名词、 动词+介词后接动名 3.宾语 代词（宾格）或 He insisted on going there 种类 词(doing)是高频 alone. 动名词 考点 动词+副词（如 4.与 “动词 give up)短语， 动词+副词：turn down the offer/ 宾语可放中间； turn it down动词+介词：Iook +副词” 高考常考这一区别 动词+介词短 after the child look after him 短语的 区分 语，宾语必须放 (不可说look him after) 介词后 5.常见 depend on,rely on,belong 固定搭 to,consist of,result in,result 需记忆介词搭配，错 高频短语动词 配（必 from,participate in,succeed 误常出在介词误用 背) in,insist on,lead to,refer to, contribute to ③语义整体性 例：look after≠look(看)+after(在..…之后)，意为“照顾” 例：break into≠break(打破)+into(进入)，意为“闯入” ④被动语态中的介词保留（高考重难点） 主动：We should take care of the environment. 被动：The environment should be taken care of.(介词of不能省略) 易错点：有些同学会错写为The environment should be taken care(漏掉 of) ⑤后接动名词Vs不定式 大多数“动词+介词'"短语后接动名词：insist on doing,succeed in doing, dream of doing,think of doing 少数可接名词：lead to success/lead to achieving success(两者皆可) 注意：contribute to中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词：contribute to the project /contribute to solving the problem (六)易混短语辨析（高考常考） 短语 含义 例句 易混淆点 导致（结 Careless driving results 与result from(由...引 ①result in 果) in accidents 起)方向相反 ②result 由..引起 Accidents result from 主语是结果，宾语是原因 from careless driving. ③belong 无被动语态，无进行时（×is 属于 This book belongs to to me belonging to) ④consist The team consists of 20 由.组成 无被动语态，无进行时 of members. What do you think of the 与think about(思考)有 ⑤think of 考虑；想起 plan? 时可互换 ⑥insist 坚持（做某 He insists on finishing 后接动名词，不接不定式(× on 事) the work today. insist on to do) Hard work leads to ⑦lead to 通向；导致 后接名词或动名词 success Please refer to the 后接名词，注意介词to不可省 ⑧refer to 提及；参考 dictionary. 略 (五)高考高频考点总结 1.介词搭配的正确性：根据动词选择正确的介词（如depend on/rely on/consist of) 2.被动语态中保留介词：如The issue was dealt with properly. 3.后接动词形式：介词后接动名词(doing).,如succeed in doing 4.宾语位置：动词+介词短语，宾语必须放在介词后；动词+副词短语，宾语可放在中间 (代词必须放中间) 5.固定短语的语义辨析：result in vs result from;belong to的特殊性（无被动） 二、专项练习 (一）单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The accident his carelessness,so he had to pay for the damage. A.resulted from B.resulted in C.led to D.contributed to 2.The old man is very kind;he always the homeless cats and dogs. A.looks for B.looks after C.looks up D.looks into 3.The problem is difficult,but you must it,no matter what happens. A.deal with B.depend on C.refer to D.insist on 4.The team twelve players and a coach,all of whom are experienced. A.consists of B.consists in C.is consisted of D.is consisted in 5.Many people the project to improve the environment,but few actually take action. A.succeed in B.participate in C.belong to D.result in 6.The lecture was so boring that most of the audience couldn't it and left early. A.put up with B.get along with C.come up with D.keep up with 7.All the members the plan,but it was too risky to carry out. A.agreed on B.agreed with C.agreed to D.agreed about 8.The research a breakthrough in medicine,which saved millions of lives. A.led to B.led in C.resulted from D.came from 9.This book my father,who bought it in 1990. A.belongs to B.is belonged to C.belongs D.is belonging to 10.The thief tried to the house,but the alarm system stopped him. A.break into B.break down C.break out D.break up (二)用所给短语动词的适当形式填空(8小题) 用方框内短语动词的适当形式填空。每个短语只能用一次。 refer to;depend on;insist on;result in;consist of;look after; contribute to;deal with 1.The success of the project everyone's efforts.(取决于) 2.The committee five members and a chairman. (由..组成) 3.She paying for the meal herself,though we offered to pay. (坚持) 4.The heavy rain a flood that destroyed many houses. (导致) 5.You can the dictionary if you don't know the word.(查阅) 6.The nurse the sick children with great patience.(照顾) 7.Every citizen should protecting the environment..(为..做 贡献) 8.The teacher knows how to naughty students in a proper way.(处理) (三)语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last year,our school organized a volunteer activity 1. (aim)to help the old in the community.The project 2. (consist of)three parts: cleaning the houses,3. (look after)the elderly,and teaching them how 4. (use)smart phones.At first,some students didn't want to participate 5.the activity.They thought it would be a waste of time. However,the teacher 6.(insist on)everyone joining,because it would contribute 7.__our understanding of social responsibility.During the activity,we had to 8.(deal with)many problems.For example, some old people refused to accept help because they didn't want to 9. (depend on)others.But finally,they were deeply moved by our sincerity.The activity 10. (result in)great satisfaction for both the old and us.Now,many of us have become volunteers regularly. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.A;4.A;5.B;6.A;7.C;8.A;9.A;10.A 选择 (二)用所 给短语动词 1.depends on 2.consists of 3.insisted on 4.resulted in 5.refer 的适当形式 to 6.looked after 7.contribute to 8.deal with 填空 (三)语法 1.aiming 2.consisted of 3.looking after 4.to use 5.in; 填空 6.insisted on 7.to 8.deal with 9.depend on 10.resulted in