Unit 3 Choices-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（沪教版）

Unit 3 Choices 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：限定性定语从句 女同步语法二：构词法：合成名词和合成形容词 语法精讲精练 (一）基本定义 限定性定语从句(Restrictive Attributive Clause)是定语从句的一种，对先行词起限制、界 定作用。它与先行词关系紧密，若删除，句子主干意思将不完整或发生根本改变。该从句是高 考语法填空、短文改错及长难句分析的核心考点。 (二)核心用法与关系词 限定性定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，位置紧跟先行词之后。关系词的选取取决于先行 词在从句中所充当的成分。 1.关系代词 指代 关系代词 对象 在从句中的成分 例句 主语/宾语（作宾语时 The student who won the prize is who 可省略) my brother. 宾语（正式语体；可省 The professor (whom)we invited whom 略或用who代替) gave a speech which 物 主语/宾语（作宾语时 The book which was published 可省略) last year is a bestseller. 人或 主语/宾语（作宾语时 that Is this the car that you bought? 物 可省略) 人或 The girl whose father is a doctor whose 物 定语（表示所属关系） is very kind. 注意：当关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可置于关系代词之前（此时只能用 whom/which,不能用that)或置于从句末尾（此时可用that或省略）。 2.关系副词 关系副词 指代 在从句中的成分 例句 when 时间 时间状语 I'll never forget the day when we met. where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. why 原因 原因状语 Tell me the reason why you left 转换规则：关系副词可转换为“介词+which"结构 when in/on/at which where in/at which why for whicho (三)关系词选择考点 1.只能用that的情况 先行词为不定代词：all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等 先行词被序数词、最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物 先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等修饰 2.不能用that的情况 非限定性定语从句（用逗号隔开） 介词后的关系代词（只能用whom/which) 3.定语从句的省略 关系代词作宾语时可省略（介词后不可省略） 关系副词不可省略 (四)限定性Vs非限定性定语从句 对比项 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 标点 无逗号 有逗号隔开 语义 不可删除，删后句意不全 可删除，句意仍完整 关系词 可用that 不可用that,用who/which等 (五)定语从句与分词短语的转换 当定语从句的谓语动词为主动进行或被动语态时，可简化为分词短语作后置定语： 主动：The man who is standing over there→The man standing over there 被动：The bridge which was built last year→The bridge built last year (六)高考高频考点总结 1.关系代词与关系副词的辨析：根据先行词在从句中的语法成分选择 2.介词+which/whom结构：介词的选择取决于动词搭配或先行词含义 3.that与which的互换与限制：牢记只能用that的四种情况 4.关系词的省略：作宾语时可省略，但不可滥用 5.主谓一致：关系代词作主语时，从句谓语与先行词单复数一致 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The reason he was absent from the meeting has not been explained. A.why B.that C.which D.what 2.This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen A.which B.that C.what D.who 3.The factory you visited last week has been shut down. A.where B.which C.in which D.to which 4.I will never forget the days we spent together in the countryside A.when B.on which C.that D.what 5.The teacher,together with his students, going to attend the conference. A.is B.are C.were D.have been 6.Is there anything I can do for you? A.which B.that C.what D.who 7.The woman with you shook hands is our new manager. A.who B.whom C.which D.that 8.The school my father teaches is a key high school. A.where B.which C.that D.in that 9.All can be done has been done A.which B.that C.what D.who 10.This is the very book I am looking for. A.which B.that C.what D.as (二)用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，填入适当的关系词（必要时可加上介词）。 1.I still remember the restaurant we had dinner last summer. 2.The man car was stolen called the police immediately 3.The reason she gave for her absence was not convincing. 4.This is the computer I bought last month. 5.He is the only student can solve this problem. 6.The school I studied ten years ago has changed a lot. 7.The house windows face south belongs to my uncle 8.The method he solved the problem amazed everyone.(提示：用介词+ which) (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式（每空不多于 3个词)。 Last year,I attended a summer camp 1. (organize)by our school.It was an experience 2.I will never forget.The place 3. _we stayed was a small village 4. (locate)in the mountains.The people 5. we met there were very friendly.There was a teacher 6. name I cannot remember,but his classes were fascinating.He taught us a method 7. which we could remember English words more easily.One day,we climbed a mountain 8.top offered a breathtaking view.It was the most beautiful scene 9. I had ever seen.After the camp,I wrote a letter 10. (express)my thanks to the organizers.The days 11. we spent together were truly unforgettable.The reason 12. I love this camp is that it changed my perspective on learning. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.A;9.B;10.B 选择 (仁)用适 当的关系代 1.where 2.whose 3.that/which 4.that/which 5.that 6.where 词或关系副 7.whose 8.by which 词填空 (三)篇章 1.organized 2.that/which 3.where 4.located 5.whom/who 语法填空 6.whose 7.by 8.whose 9.that 10.expressing 11.that/which; 12.why 语法精讲精练二 （一）基本定义 合成词是由两个或两个以上独立的词按一定顺序组合而成的新词。在高中英语中，合成名 词和合成形容词是高频考点，常出现在阅读理解、语法填空和写作中，用于丰富表达、简 化结构。 (二) 合成名词的构成与用法 构成方式 示例 说明 classroom,toothpaste 两个名词直接组合，后一个为中心 n.+n. firefighter 词 handwriting,sunbathing, 名词+动名词，表示动作的对象或 n.+v.-ing sightseeing 方式 swimming pool,washing v.-ing +n. 动名词+名词，表示用途或功能 machine,reading room greenhouse,blackboard, adj.+n. 形容词+名词，修饰中心词 darkroom V.+ 动词+副词/介词，常表示动作结果 breakdown,takeoff,output adv./prep. 或过程 afternoon,underground, 介词+名词，表示时间、位置等关 prep.+n. bystander 系 特殊组合 mother-in-law,passer-by,grown- 含连字符或特殊结构，注意复数形 up 式（通常加在中心词上） (三)合成形容词的构成与用法 构成方式 示例 说明 ice-cold,world-famous,snow- 名词+形容词，表示“像..一 n.adj. white 样.."或"在…方面” warm-hearted,blue-eyed, adj.+n.-ed 形容词+名词十ed,表示“具有… short-sighted 特征的” iron-willed,lion-hearted, n.+n.-ed 名词+名词+ed,比喻性修饰 honey-mouthed peace-loving,time-saving, 名词+现在分词，表示主动或正在进 n.v.-ing energy-consuming 行 man-made,home-made,snow- n.v.-ed 名词+过去分词，表示被动或完成 covered adj./adv.+ good-looking,hard-working, 形容词副词+现在分词，表示性质 v.-ing fast-moving 或状态 adj./adv.+ newly-built,well-known,highly- 形容词副词+过去分词，表示被动 v.-ed recommended 或完成 数词+名词 ten-year-old,800-meter-long, 数词+名词+形容词，注意名词用单 +adj. two-hour-long 数形式，常带连字符 (四) 合成名词与合成形容词在句中的功能对此 功能 合成名词示例 合成形容词示例 作主语 Greenhouse gases cause global Time-saving methods are warming. popular. 作宾语 She bought a well-known He is a passer-by. brand. 作表语 The movie is heart- My dream is to be a firefighter. breaking 作定语（前 般不直接作定语，常用of结构 a snow-covered mountain 置) (五)高考高频考点总结 l.合成名词的复数形式：中心词变复数；注意man/woman作修饰词时两个词都变。例 如：man teacher→men teachers 2.合成形容词中连字符的使用：形容词+名词+ed必须加连字符；数词+名词+形容词中 的名词用单数。例如：a100-meter race,不用meterso 3语义辨析：合成词的意义往往是各部分意义的结合，但有时会产生特殊含义。例如： greenhouse(温室)≠green house(绿色的房子)。 4.与分词作定语的区分：合成形容词中的v.-ing表主动，v.-ed表被动。例如：peace- loving(爱好和平的，主动)，man-made(人造的，被动)。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The well-designed project was completed ahead of schedule. A.well-design B.well-designed C.well-designing D.well design 2.My mother-in-law bought a new coffee maker for the kitchen. A.coffee maker B.coffee-making C.made coffee D.maker coffee 3.All the exam-taking students are waiting for the results. A.exam-take B.exam-taking C.taken-exam D.exam-taken 4.The thirty-year-old man is a famous scientist. A.thirty-year-old B.thirty-years-old C.thirty year old D.thirty years old 5.There are many women doctors in the hospital. A.women doctors B.woman doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 6.The heart-breaking song touched everyone's heart. A.heart-broken B.heart-breaking C.broken-heart D.breaking-heart 7.He gave a thought-provoking speech at the conference. A.thought-provoking B.thought-provoked C.provoke-thought D.provoking-thought 8.The newly-built city has attracted millions of tourists. A.newly-build B.newly-builded C.newly-built D.new-built 9.The rescue team included several firefighters. A.fire-fighter B.firefighters C.fire-fighters D.fire fight 10.The water-filled bottle is made of recycled materials. A.water-filled B.fill-water C.water-filling D.filling-water (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据括号内的提示，填写正确的合成名词或合成形容词（注意是否需要连字符或复数形 式)。 I.The new washing machine(洗衣机)works perfectly.(wash+machine) 2.There are three passers-by(过路人)standing at the corner.(pass+by) 3.She is a kind-hearted(心地善良的)girl.(kind+heat+ed) 4.We need a time-saving(省时的)method to finish the task.(time+save+ ing) 5.The newly-painted(刚粉刷的)wall smells strong.(new+paint+ed) 6.The ten-year-old (boy can speak three languages.(ten year old) 7.He is a iron-willed(意志坚强的)leader..(iron+will+ed) 8.The exhibition shows many hand-made(手工制作的)crafts.(hand+make) (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入所给词的正确形式（必要时可合成新词或变形）。 Last weekend,I visited a 1. (world famous)museum with my cousins.The museum had a 2. _(well keep)collection of ancient artifacts.One exhibit was a 3. (hand carve)wooden statue,which was over 500 years old.The guide told us that the statue was created by several 4.__(craftsman)from a small village.In another room,we saw a 5. (life size)model of a dinosaur.It was a 6.(breathe take)sight!There were also many 7._(passer by)taking photos.I noticed a 8. (broken heart)look on a little girl's face because she dropped her ice cream.Her mother bought her a 9.(new made) one.The museum also had a 10. (state of the art)3D cinema We watched a 11. (science fiction)film about space exploration. After the visit,we bought some 12. (hand make)souvenirs from the gift shop. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.B;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.A;8.C;9.B;10.A 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.washing machine 2.passers-by 3.kind-hearted 4.time-saving 形式填空 5.newly-painted 6.ten-year-old 7.iron-willed 8.hand-made (三)篇章 1.world-famous 2.well-kept 3.hand-carved 4.craftsmen;5.life- 语法填空 size 6.breathtaking 7.passers-by 8.broken-hearted 9.newly- made 10.state-of-the-art 11.science-fiction 12.hand-made