Unit 7 Art-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（北师大版）

Unit 7 Art 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：名词性从句 女同步语法二：.+宾语+宾语补足语结构 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 名词性从句是指在复合句中充当名词功能的从句，可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。其核心 连接词包括从属连词(that,whether,if)、连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose) 和连接副词(when,where,why,how)。名词性从句是高考语法填空、短文改错及写作中的 高频考点，也是高中英语从句体系的枢纽。 (二)分类与核心用法 名词性从句按句法功能分为四类，用法与连接词选择各有侧重，具体如下表： 从句类型 句法位置 常用连接词 功能说明 例句 作全句的 that,whether, 主语，常 That he passed 主语从句 the exam surprised 谓语动词之前 what,who,when, 可后置， us.What she said where,why,how 用it作形 is true. 式主语 作动词或 I believe that he is that,whether/if, 介词的宾 honest.He asked 宾语从句 及物动词或介词之后 what,who,when, 语，注意 where the station where,why,how 语序为陈 was 述语序 that,whether, 说明主语 The problem is 系动词之后(be, 表语从句 what,who,when, 的内容、 whether we can seem,look, remain等) where,why,how, 特征或身 finish on time. because 份 That is why I left. 抽象名词之后（如 that,whether(很 对抽象名 The news that he won the award 同位语从句 fact,news,idea, 少用if),how, 词的内容 suggestion,truth why,when, 进行具体 spread quickly./I 等) have no idea when where 解释说明 he will come. (三)难点辨析（高考核心考点） 1.that vs.what that:在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，无词义。引导宾语从句时可省略（但若 从句位于句首或作同位语从句时不可省)。 O例句：|know that he is right.(that无成分) what:在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，意为“的东西/事情/人”。 Q例句：I know what he said..(what作said的宾语) 2.whether vs.if 两者都可引导宾语从句表示“是否”，但f不能引导主语从句（位于句首）、表语从句、同位 语从句，也不能在介词后使用。 O例句：√Whether we go depends on the weather..(主语从句，句首) X If we go depends on the weather.(错误) 与or noti连用时，whether可直接接or not;if需将or not置于句末。 Q例句：√Idon't know whether or not he will come. g例句：√I don't know if he will come or not.. 3.疑问词引导的名词性从句语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律使用陈述语序（主语+谓语）。 O例句：x He asked where did she live..(错误) O例句：√He asked where she lived,(正确) 4.t作形式主语/形式宾语 形式主语：当主语从句较长时，常用t作形式主语，将真正的主语从句后置。 例句：It is necessary that we should study hard. 形式宾语：当宾语从句后接补足语（如形容词、名词）时，常用t作形式宾语，将真正的宾 语从句后置。 ②例句：I make it a rule that I get up early. (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.连接词的选择：根据从句中是否缺少成分及含义判断 O例句：Why he came late remains unknown.(why作原因状语，在从句中充当 状语) 例句：What she bought was a gift for her mother.(what作ooughtl的宾语) 2.不能省略that的三种情况 主语从句位于句首：That he succeeded is true. 表语从句：The reason is that he worked hard. 同位语从句：The fact that he passed the test excited us. 3.主语从句后的主谓一致 单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但若主语从句由ad连接两个并列从句，则谓 语用复数。 例句：What they need is more time./What he says and what he does are different. 4.虚假主语t的必用结构 常见句型：It+be+adj./n,+that从句/It+be+过去分词(said,reported, believed等)+that从句 例句：It is reported that another bridge will be built here, 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. we will have a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.What 2.He asked me I had finished my homework. A.that B.whether C.what D.which 3.The news our team won the championship made everyone excited. A.what B.that C.whether D.which 4.It is still unknown caused the accident. A.what B.that C.when D.where 5.l can't remember he has told me. A.that B.what C.which D.who 6. he said at the meeting discouraged us greatly. A.That B.What C.Which D.Why 7.The question is we can solve the problem in time. A.that B.whether C.what D.which 8.I have no idea the meeting will be held. A.what B.when C.that D.if 9. is a fact that Chinese has become an international language A.It B.This C.That D.What 10.She told me she would come to the party,but she didn't. A.that B.if C.when D.what (二)用适当的连接词填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，从方框中选择合适的连接词（每个词限用一次，注意区分that/whether/what 等)。 1.he failed the exam surprised his parents. 2.I don't know he will agree with us 3.The problem is we can get enough food. 4.This is she always succeeds 5.I have no idea he went last night. 6. will be our new headmaster hasn't been decided. 7.He asked me I had done with the money. 8.The truth the earth goes around the sun is known to all. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的连接词或代词。 Last week,our teacher told us 1. we would have an important exam next month.This made us very anxious.2. worried us most was 3.we could prepare well in such a short time. Our monitor suggested 4.we should make a study plan together.He said 5. _he had already worked out a timetable.6.he said sounded reasonable.However,some students wondered 7.we could follow it strictly. The teacher explained 8. the exam would test our overall ability.She added 9.was necessary for us to do more reading.10.she emphasized most was the importance of persistence. Finally,we all agreed on the plan.The fact 11. the exam is challenging doesn't frighten us.We believe 12. we do will pay off in the end. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.B;9.A;10.A (二)用适 当的连接词 1.That 2.whether 3.how 4.why 5.where 6.Who 7.what 8.that 填空 (三)篇章 1.that 2.What 3.whether 4.that 5.that 6.What 7.whether; 语法填空 8.that 9.that 10.What 11.that 12.what 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 宾语补足语(Object Complement)用于补充说明宾语的状态、特征、动作或身份，与 宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。其基本结构为：主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。 宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词（现在分词/过去分词）等充 当，是高中英语语法填空、短文改错及写作中的高频考点。 (二)核心用法与结构类型 补足语类型 典型动词 结构示例 含义说明 宾语与补足语是主 名词/名词短 call,name,make, They named the baby 表关系（宾语是成 语 consider,elect Tom. 为.) make,keep,find,leave, 补足语描述宾语的 形容词 The news made me paint happy. 状态或特征 keep,find,leave, I found everything in 补足语表示宾语所 介词短语 consider good order. 处的状态或位置 The teacher told us 不定式（带 ask,tell,allow,expect, 宾语是不定式动作 to finish the to) want 的逻辑主语 homework. 不定式（不 感官动词(see,hear, 强调动作全过程氵 I saw him cross the watch,feel)及使役动词 使役动词表示“使/ 带to) street. (make,let,have) 让" 宾语与补足语是主 现在分词 see,hear,watch, I saw him playing 动关系，动作正在 (doing) notice,find,keep basketball. 进行 过去分词 宾语与补足语是被 see,hear,find,have, I had my bike 动关系，动作已完 (done) get,keep repaired yesterday. 成或由他人完成 ☆易混点提示：感官动词后接不定式(do)表动作全过程，接现在分词(doing)表动 作正在进行；使役动词have/get后接过去分词(done)表"让某事被做'，宾语为动作承 受者。 (三)核心含义区分 1.主动vs被动 现在分词作宾补→宾语与补足语是主动关系（宾语发出动作） 例：I heard her singing in the next room.(她主动唱歌) 过去分词作宾补→宾语与补足语是被动关系（宾语承受动作） 例：I heard the song sung in English.(歌曲被唱) 2.进行vs完成 现在分词作宾补→动作正在进行 例：We saw the children running on the playground.(正在跑) 过去分词作宾补→动作已完成或由他人完成（与宾语被动） 例：We saw the trees planted by the students.(已被种好) 3.不定式作宾补的特殊情况 带to的不定式：常见于ask,tell,allow,want等动词，表“让/叫某人做某事”（动作 尚未发生) 例：He asked me to help him.(请求帮助，动作未发生) 不带o的不定式：感官/使役动词后，表动作全过程（强调事实或结果） 例：She made me cry.(我哭了，强调结果) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.区分感官动词后接do/doing/done作宾补 /听见全过程：I heard him play the piano last night.(全曲演奏) /听见正在进行：I heard him playing the piano when I passed by. (正在弹) /听见被动：I heard the piano played by a famous musician. (钢琴被弹奏) 2.使役动词have/get+宾语+done的用法 √表"让某事被做”（主语不亲自做）：I had my car washed yesterday. √表遭遇不幸：He had his wallet stolen on the bus. 3.wth复合结构作宾补（高考语法填空常考） √With the work finished,he went home.(已完成，被动) With the baby crying,she couldn't fall asleep.(正在哭，主动) 4.宾语补足语与定语从句的转换 √原句：We found the bridge destroyed in the war. √转换：We found the bridge which was destroyed in the war. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The teacher warned us in the river. A.not to swim B.not swim C.to not swim D.don't swim 2.I heard the song by a girl in the next room. A.sing B.singing C.sung D.to sing 3.They made the little boy the heavy box. A.carry B.to carry C.carrying D.carried 4.We consider Mr.Li our best friend. A.is B.being C.to be D.be 5.She found the door when she arrived. A.opened B.opening C.open D.to open 6.The boss had the workers day and night. A.work B.to work C.working D.worked 7.I saw the cat into the kitchen. A.to jump B.jumped C.jumping D.have jumped 8.Please keep the window while sleeping. A.closed B.closing C.to close D.close 9.The accident left him for a whole year. A.to suffer B.suffering C.suffered D.suffer 10.With so many things I couldn't go to the party. A.to do B.doing C.done D.do (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确形式（不定式、现在分词或过去分词）填空。 1.The teacher made the students (write)a composition every week. 2.I heard the news (announce)on the radio yesterday. 3.He found himself (surround)by the crowd. 4.She kept me(wait)for over an hour. 5.We got the computer (repair)last weekend. 6.The mother saw her son (fall)off the bike. 7.I want the letter (mail)immediately. 8.The coach had the players (practice)hard all morning. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 Last month,our school organized a cultural festival.We had many activities 1 (hold)to show Chinese traditions.The teachers asked us 2._ (prepare)a performance about ancient poetry. During the performance,we saw some students 3._ (dress)in Hanfu and 4.(recite)poems.The audience were deeply moved.The headmaster had the whole event 5.(record)by a professional team. After the festival,we found the campus 6. (decorate)with red lanterns and paintings.The teachers kept the students 7. (stay)in order.We all considered the festival 8.(be)a great success. However,there was a small problem.Someone left the microphone 9. (break)after the show.The technician got it 10. (fix)quickly.With all the tasks 11. (complete),we felt a sense of achievement.The experience made us 12. (understand)the value of teamwork. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.A;2.C;3.A;4.C;5.C;6.A;7.C;8.A;9.B;10.A (二)用所 给词的适当 1.write 2.announced 3.surrounded ;4.waiting 5.repaired 形式填空 6.fall 7.mailed 8.practice (三)篇章 1.held 2.to prepare 3.dressed 4.reciting 5.recorded 6 语法填空 decorated 7.stay 8.to be 9.broken 10.fixed 11. completed 12.understand