Unit 8 Green Living-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（北师大版）

Unit 8 Green Living 语法专项精讲精练 音 语法概览 女同步语法一：动词-ing与-ed形式 ★同步语法二：构词法：名词与形容词的词性转换 语法精讲精练 (一）基本定义 动词的-ing形式（现在分词）和-ed形式（过去分词）都是非谓语动词，在句中可作定 语、表语、状语、宾语补足语等。它们核心的区别在于逻辑关系和时间含义： 现在分词(-ig)：与所修饰或说明的名词代词之间为主动、进行关系，或表示事物本身 的性质（今人…）。 过去分词（←ed)：与所修饰或说明的名词/代词之间为被动、完成关系，或表示人的感受 (感到…)。 (二)核心用法与位置（作定语） 类型 位置 含义侧重 例句（前置定语） 例句（后置定语） 主动/进行 单个词前 (名词发 a running boy(-个 The boy running on 现在分词（ 置，短语后 出动作) 正在跑的男孩)；an the playground is my ing） 置 brother.(正在操场上跑 或事物本 interesting story (一个有趣的故事) 的男孩是我弟弟。) 身属性 被动/完成 The window broken 过去分词( 单个词前 (名词承 a broken window ( 扇被打碎的窗户)；a by the thief has been 置，短语后 受动作) ed) 置 或人的感 tired worker（一位疲 repaired.(被小偷打碎的 惫的工人) 窗户已经修好了。) 受 考点提示 单个现在分词作前置定语：常与形容词性用法重合（如exciting/excited),需根据主语 是人还是物判断。 及物动词的过去分词表被动，不及物动词的过去分词只表完成（如fallen leaves落叶， 已落下，无被动)。 后置分词短语可转换为定语从句： ②例句：The man standing there is our teacher..=The man who is standing there is our teacher. g例句：The book written by him is popular..=The book which was written by him is popular. (三)核心含义区分（作表语/补足语等） 分词形式 作表语时含义 作宾语补足语 常见搭配 时含义 事物本身合人. (主 宾语主动发出 The news is exciting./I saw him -ing 语是物) 动作 running. 人感到. (主语是 宾语被动承受 I am excited about the news./I -ed 人) 动作 had my hair cut. (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别 O例句：The frightening movie made all the audience feel scared. ②例句：The frightened children were sitting quietly in the corner. 2.分词短语与定语从句的转换 例句：The question discussed at the meeting is important.=The question which was discussed at the meeting is important. g例句：The question being discussed now is important. 3.特殊用法：不及物动词的过去分词作前置定语（只表完成） g例句：fallen leaves、retired workers、gone days 4.固定搭配中的分词形式 O例句：spoken English、.written English ⑧例句：boiled water、,boiling water 5.分词作状语时的主动/被动 ②例句：Having finished his homework,he went out to play.. 例句：Given more time,I could do it better. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The news that our team won the game made everyone A.exciting exciting B.excited excited C.exciting excited D.excited exciting 2.The lecture by Professor Wang was so that we all listened attentively. A.giving attracted B.given attractive C.given attracting D.giving attractive 3.Don't wake up the baby he needs a good sleep. A.sleeping B.slept C.being slept D.to sleep 4.We saw the sun slowly below the horizon. A.setting sinking B.set sunk C.setting sunk D.set sinking 5.The match between the two top teams is expected to be A.exciting excited B.excited exciting C.exciting exciting D.excited excited 6.Most of the artists to the party are from America. A.inviting B.invited C.being invited D.have been invited 7.The look on his face suggested that he was deeply_ by the story. A.puzzled puzzled B.puzzling puzzling C.puzzled puzzling D.puzzling puzzled 8.The trees in the park last year now provide shade for visitors A.planting B.planted C.being planted D.to plant 9.Please hand in your homework on time,or you will be punished. A.finishing B.finished C.to finish D.having finished 10.All the students in the dormitory,the teacher walked away. A.settling B.settled C.to settle D.being settled (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式(-ing或-ed)填空。 1.The (break)glass is dangerous,so please pick it up 2.I heard someone (call)for help in the distance. 3.The novel (write)by Mo Yan is worth reading. 4.The (fall)leaves on the ground reminded me of autumn. 5.The (pollute)river has killed a lot of fish. 6.He stood there, (surprise)at the unexpected news. 7.The (publish)article attracted many readers. 8.We watched the (set)sun with a feeling of loss. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（动词-ing或-ed)。 Last week,our class went on a trip to a famous mountain.The 1 (surround)scenery was so beautiful that we couldn't help 2. (take)photos. The guide,3.(dress)in traditional clothes,led us along a path 4. (cover)with fallen leaves.We saw many old trees 5. (stand)there for centuries. Halfway up the mountain,we found a small temple 6. (build)in the Ming Dynasty.Inside,there were ancient paintings 7. (paint)by monks.One of my classmates,8.(excite)by the discovery,shouted loudly.However,we were told to keep quiet,because some monks 9.(pray)in the main hall. After a 10. (tire)climb,we finally reached the top.The 11. (rise) sun painted the sky golden.All of us felt 12. (refresh)by the fresh air and the spectacular view. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.B;3.A;4.A;5.C;6.B;7.A;8.B;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.broken 2.calling 3.written 4.fallen 5.polluted 6.surprised 形式填空 7.published 8.setting (三)篇章 1.surrounding 2.taking 3.dressed 4.covered 5.standing 6.built 语法填空 7.painted 8.excited 9.praying 10.tiring 11.rising 12.refreshed 语法精讲精练二 （一)基本定义 构词法中的词性转换指通过添加后缀或改变词形，将名词转换为形容词，或形容词转换为 名词。这是高考语法填空、短文改错、完形填空中的高频考点，掌握常见的后缀及其含 义，能快速判断词性、精准填空。 (二)核心转换规则与常见后缀 后缀 含义 示例（名词→形容词） 拼写注意 充满 -ful beauty→peautiful;care→careful 辅音+y结尾变y为i加-ful 的 没有.… -less 的 hope→nopeless;home→homeless 直接加-less 具有… danger.→dangerous; -ous e结尾去e加-ous 性质的 fame→famous 与…有 直接加-al(注意特殊： -al nature-→natural;culture→cultural 关的 nation→national) 可 comfort→comfortable; -able 的、 e结尾去e加-able 能.的 value-valuable 有.…倾 -ive act-→active;create→creative -e结尾去e加-ive 向的 多… 的、 cloud-cloudy rain-rainy -V 辅音+y结尾变y为i加-y 有的 dirt→dirty -ern 方向的 east-eastern west-western 直接加-ern -ic/- 与..相 history->historic historical 注意辨析：-c表学科/基本特 ical 关的 economy-economic economical 征，-ical表抽象引申义 特别提示：部分名词转换为形容词时需改变词根，如：friend-→friendly(加-y,但-ly是 形容词后缀)；difference--→different(-ence变-ent);importance-→important( ance变-ant)。 后缀 含义 示例（形容词→名词） 拼写注意 表示性 happy→nappiness; -ness 质、状 kind-→kindness 辅音+y结尾变y为i加-ness 态 表示动 -tion / educate→education; ate结尾变-ation;-de结尾 作、状 sion decide-decision 态 变-sion 表示性 -ity 质、状 active→activity; -ble结尾变-bility 态 possible-possibility 表示领 -dom 域、状 free-freedom wise-wisdom 直接加-dom 态 表示行 为、结 achieve-achievement -ment 直接加-ment 果 develop-development 表示性 注意元音变化(Iong-→length, -th 质 warm-warmth deep-depth strong-→strength) 表示性 ence 质、状 different->difference -ent变-ence;-ant变-ance -ance important-importance 态 (三) 核心含义区分与易错点 1.形容词后缀-ful与-less常构成反义词对：careful(小v心的)：careless(粗心 的)；hopeful(有希望的)hopeless(无望的)。 2.-ic与-ical辨析：部分名词可加-ic或-ical,但含义不同。如： historic(有历史意义的)historical(历史上的)；economic(经济的，与学科/ 政策有关)：economical(节省的)。 高考常考：electric(电的，与电直接相关)electrical(电气的，与电学有关)。 3.-y与y区分：名词→形容词加-y(如sun→sunny).,但加y构成的词常是形容词 (如friend-→friendly）.或副词（如quick-→quickly),需根据语境判断。 4.不规则变化：少数词转换时需记忆，如：value--→valuable(去e加able); beauty-→peautiful（y变i加ful);safety-→safe(名词-→形容词为safe,而非safeful); silence→silent(-ence变-ent)。 (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1根据句意选择正确的形容词后缀 例：The (fog)morning made driving very dangerous.foggy (多雾的，fog+y) 例：She is a (success)writer..→successful(成功的， success+ful) 2.形容词与名词在句中根据成分互换 例：The (culture)differences between the two countries are obvious.→cultural(作定语，修饰differences) 例：We should pay more attention to the (important)of education.→importance(作宾语，of后接名词) 3.词形变化中的拼写规侧（如双写、去e、变y为i等） 例：tis (danger)to swim alone in the deep river.-dangerous (danger去e加ous) 例：he (achieve)of your goal requires hard work.- achievement（(achieve加-ment) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The weather prevented us from going out. A.fog B.foggy C.foggily D.fogginess 2.It is for a child to solve such a difficult problem. A.possibility B.possible C.possibly D.impossibly 3.The new policy will bring great _to the local people. A.beneficial B.benefit C.beneficially D.benefits 4.He gave a speech that moved everyone present A.power B.powerful C.powerfully D.powered 5.The of the ancient city was discovered by accident. A.exist B.existence C.existent D.existently 6.We need to find a way to solve the problem. A.practice B.practical C.practically D.practicability 7.The of the experiment proved the theory. A.succeed B.successful C.success D.successfully 8.The doctor advised him to take a diet A.health B.healthy C.healthful D.healthily 9.The of the bridge took three years. A.construct B.constructive C.construction D.constructing 10.It is to talk with him;he never listens. A.use B.useful C.useless D.using (二)用所给名词的适当形容词形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内名词的正确形容词形式填空。 1.The (danger)animals should be protected. 2.She is a very (friend)person. 3.A (sun)day makes me feel happy. 4.The (nature)beauty of the mountains attracts many tourists. 5.This is a (history)event that changed the world. 6.The (wind)weather made sailing difficult. 7.He is a (success)businessman. 8.The (fame)actress walked on the red carpet. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给词的正确形式（注意词性转换）。 Last summer,I visited a small coastal town with great 1 (natural) scenery.The 2. (sand)beaches were golden and soft.We stayed in a 3. (wood)cottage which was very 4. (comfort).The owner was a 5. (friend)old man who told us many 6. (history) stories about the town. One day,we took a 7. (boat)trip to a nearby island.The water was so 8. (clear)that we could see fish swimming.The island was famous for its 9. (culture)traditions.We watched a 10. (tradition) dance performance and tasted some 11.(region)food.It was a truly 12. (nemory）experience. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.B;7.C;8.B;9.C;10.C （二)用所 给名词的适 1.dangerous;2.friendly;3.sunny;4.natural;5.historical;6.windy; 当形容词形 7.successful;8.famous 式填空 (三)篇章 1.natural;2.sandy;3.wooden;4.comfortable;5.friendly;6.historical; 语法填空 7.boat;8.clear;9.cultural;10.traditional;11.regional;12.memorable