Unit 5 Humans and Nature-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（北师大版）

Unit 5 Humans and Nature 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：非限制性定语从句 ★同步语法二：被动语态 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明的定语从句，与先行词之间用逗号隔开。它不限制 先行词的范围，去掉后主句意思仍然完整；它通常修饰一个名词、代词或整个主句，在高考语 法填空、短文改错、阅读理解和写作中均为高频考点。 (二)核心用法与位置 关系词 指代对 在从句中充 例句（非限制性） 象 当成分 who 主语 My father,who is a teacher,loves reading. whom 宾语 The athlete,whom everyone admires,won the gold medal. 物/整 The book,which was published last year, which 句 主语/宾语 became a bestseller. The scientist,whose research changed the whose 人或物 定语 world,passed away. 时间状语 We met in 2020,when the pandemic broke when 时间 out. 地点 地点状语 They visited London,where they saw the where Big Ben. (三) 核心含义区分：限制性Vs非限制性定语从句（高考必考点） 对比维度 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 逗号 无逗号 有逗号 作用 限定先行词范围，去掉后句意不完整 补充说明，去掉后主句意思仍完整 关系词 可用that,作宾语可省略 不可用that,作宾语不可省略 修饰对象 通常修饰名词代词 可修饰名词/代词或整个主句 翻译 译成“..的.” 译成并列句或“，这.” (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.关系词选择：非限制性从句中that的排除 Q例句：The movie, was directed by Zhang Yimou,won many awards 2.which指代整个主句 O例句：Tom passed the exam, made his parents proud. 3.whose在非限制性从句中的使用（表所属关系） ②例句：The professor, lecture was inspiring,attracted many students. 4.关系副词when/where的使用 ②例句：They finally reached the village,_ many children were waiting for them. 5.非限制性从句与主句的时态逻辑一致性（高考语法填空常见） ⑧例句：I will never forget the day, I first met her. 6.注意：非限制性定语从句不能修饰不定代词（如anything,everything),但可以修饰专 有名词或独一无二的事物 g例句：The Great Wall,, is a symbol of China,attracts millions of tourists. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The famous singer,_ songs are popular among teenagers,will give a concert next week. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 2.We visited the museum last Sunday, we saw many ancient artifacts A.which B.where C.that D.when 3.My brother, you met at the party,is now working in Beijing. A.which B.whom C.whose D.that 4.The earth goes around the sun, is known to everyone A.that B.which C.what D.as 5.The old man died on a cold winter night, was a great loss to the village. A.that B.which C.when D.where 6.She married a man with a lot of money, she didn't really love. A.who B.whom C.which D.that 7.The year 2020 was a tough time, the global economy suffered a lot. A.which B.when C.that D.where 8.The children, parents are working abroad,are looked after by their grandparents. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 9.The company, was founded in 1999,has grown into a large international group. A.that B.which C.where D.who 10.The news that he had been promoted, surprised all of us,turned out to be true A.that B.which C.it D.what (二)用所给关系词填空(8小题) 从方框中选择合适的关系词填空，每词限用一次。 1.The scientist, discovery won the Nobel Prize,is giving a speech now. 2.I'll never forget the summer,_ I spent with my grandparents in the countryside. 3.The factory, produces car parts,was closed down last year. 4.The tourists, we met at the hotel,came from Canada. 5.This is the reason, he explained at the meeting,for the delay.(注意：此 处需填关系代词，且作宾语) 6.The house, roof was damaged,was repaired last month. 7.The project was a complete failure, was a big disappointment to everyone. 8.He arrived at the station at 8 p.m., the train had already left (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的关系词(who,whom,which,whose,When,where 等)，或根据上下文判断是否需要补充介词。注意：每空只填一词。 The city of Venice,1. is built on more than 100 small islands,is famous for its canals.Tourists often take gondola rides,2. allow them to see the beautiful bridges and old buildings.The most famous bridge is the Rialto Bridge, 3 was built in the 16th century. Many artists,4.works are displayed in local galleries,have been inspired by the city's unique atmosphere.One of them is Canaletto,5.paintings are known for their detailed views of Venice. In 2023,a severe flood hit the city,6. _caused great damage to many historic sites.The government,7.had been warned by scientists,was not fully prepared for such a disaster.However,volunteers,8.came from all over the world,helped with the cleanup. The best time to visit Venice is spring,9. the weather is mild and the crowds are smaller.I hope you can go there someday,10 you will surely be amazed by its beauty. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给关系词填 1.whose 2.which 3.which 4.whom 5.which 6.whose 7.which 8.when 空 (三)篇章 1.which 2.which 3.which 4.whose 5.whose 6.which 7.which 语法填空 8.who 9.when 10.where 语法精讲精练二 （一)基本定义 被动语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语是动作的承受者，即“主语+be+过去分词”。在 高中英语中，被动语态的考查覆盖时态、句型转换、特殊动词结构（如感官动词、使役动 词、短语动词)以及非谓语动词中的被动含义，是语法填空、短文改错和写作的高频考 点。 (二)核心结构与时态变化 被动语态的构成：be+及物动词的过去分词。be动词随主语的人称、数以及不同的时 态而变化。常见时态的被动语态如下表： 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现 am/is/are done The room is cleaned every day. 在时 一般过 去时 was/were done The building was built in 2000 一般将 will be done am/is/are going to The task will be finished 来时 be done tomorrow. 现在进 行时 am/is/are being done The bridge is being repaired now. 过去进 was/were being done The car was being washed when I 行时 called. 现在完 have/has been done The letter has been sent already. 成时 过去完 The work had been completed had been done 成时 before we arrived. 含情态 This book can be found in the can/must/should/...be done 动词 library. (三)核心用法与注意点 1.动作的执行者不明确或不必说明（高考最常见考点） √My wallet was stolen last night.(小偷是谁不重要) ★强调动作本身，而非谁做的。 2.强调动作的承受者 √The young trees should be watered every day.(强调“树'被浇水) 3.双宾语动词的被动语态（如give,send,tell,show,teach等） ·可以有两种被动形式，间接宾语（人)变主语更常见。 He was given a present./A present was given to him. ★注意：直接宾语作主语时，保留的间接宾语前要加适当介词(to/fo)。 4.感官动词和使役动词的被动（接不定式时to要还原） /|saw him cross the street..→He was seen to cross the street.(主a动 省略to,被动要加to) They made me work all day.I was made to work all day. 5.短语动词的被动（不可丢掉介词或副词） √he old man was looked after well.(look after中的after不能丢) This matter must be dealt with immediately. 6.不及物动词（如happen,occur,.take place,last,consist of等）无被动 √A big earthquake happened last year.(不能说was happened) 7.主动形式表示被动含义的特殊结构（高考易错点） need/want/require doing need/want/require to be done The car needs repairing The car needs to be repaired ~某些感官动词(Iook,sound,taste,feel,smell)+形容词，主动表被动 √he cloth feels soft.(摸起来很软，主动形式表被动) ~某些动词(sell,write,wash,lock)wel/easily时，主动表被动 √his pen writes smoothly.(这只笔写起来很流畅) (四)被动语态s主动语态（高考必考点对比） 对比项 主动语态 被动语态 主语角色 动作执行者 动作承受者 动词形式 各种时态直接变化 be+过去分词，be随时态变 强调重点 强调谁做了 强调被做了什么 适用范围 大部分及物动词 只用于及物动词（或短语动词） (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.时态与语态的综合判断（根据时间状语及上下文） 例句l:Water is turned into steam when heated.(一般现在时被动，客观真 理) 例句2：The stadium had been used for ten years before it was rebuilt, (过去完成时被动，动作发生在过去某一动作之前) 2被动语态与情态动词连用 例句：Your homework must be handed in before Friday. 3非谓语动词的被动形式（如being done,to be done,done)与谓语被动区分 例句l:The meeting being held now is about climate change.(现在分词 被动作定语) 例句2：The work to be finished tomorrow is very hard..(不定式被动，表 将来) 4.固定句型：It is said/reported/believed/thought/considered that..(据说/ 据报道等) 例句：It is said that the president will visit our city.=The president is said to visit our city. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The new bridge last year,but the heavy rain delayed the project. A.should complete B.should be completed C.should have completed D.should have been completed 2.-Why does the lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of waste into it. A.have been poured B.had been poured C.are pouring D.were poured 3.The police_ that the missing child last week in a small village. A.reported;had been found B.reported;was found C.have reported;found D.are reporting;was found 4.The experiment_ at the moment,so you'd better stay outside. A.is conducting B.is being conducted C.conducts D.has conducted 5.It is required that all the windows before the storm arrives. A.close B.be closed C.are closed D.will be closed 6.The book by the famous writer is well worth reading,but it is said that he to a foreign country. A.written;sent B.written;was sent C.writing;was sent D.writing;sent 7.The young man insisted that he_ anything wrong and free. A.didn't do;set B.hadn't done;be set C.wasn't doing;was set D.hadn't done;set 8.-I can't find my mobile phone anywhere. -You it in the office.I saw a man pick it up. A.must have left B.must leave C.must be left D.must have been left 9.The old temple in the 15th century,but it three times over the past 500 years. A.was built;was rebuilt B.was built;has been rebuilt C.built;has been rebuilt D.built;was rebuilt 10.All the preparations for the big event _and we are ready to start. A.have made B.have been made C.are making D.are being made (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据语境，用括号内动词的正确形式填空（注意时态和语态）。 1.The sports meeting (hold)next Friday has been put off because of the bad weather. 2.His car (repair)for three days,and he still hasn't got it back. 3.The old man sat in the park,_(surround)by a group of curious children. 4.Look！The goods (load)onto the truck now. 5.The boy (educate)in a strict family,so he is very polite 6.I want to know whether the problem __(solve)by the end of last month. 7.The windows (must clean)every weekend.They are so dirty now. 8.The girl (give)a lot of help since she came to this city. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意时态和语态）。 The world's first flying car 1. (develop)by a US company a few years ago.lt2.(call)the“Transition”and can3. (change)from a car to a small airplane in less than a minute.The car 4. (design)with wings that fold up when on the road.It 5.(allow)to drive on highways as well as fly in the sky. However,before it could 6.(sell)to the public,the company 7. _(need)to get special permission from the government.After several tests,the Transition 8.(finally approve)in 2021.Since then, more than 100 orders 9._(place)by customers around the world. But the flying car 10._ (still test)for safety issues.For example,pilots 11. (require)to have both a driver's license and a pilot's license.The company also 12. (hope)that the price will drop in the near future so that more people can afford it. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.D;2.A;3.A;4.B;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.D;9.B;10.B (二)用所 1.to be held 2.has been repaired 3.surrounded 4.are being 给词的适当 loaded 5.was educated 6.had been solved 7.must be 形式填空 cleaned 8.has been given (三)篇章 1.was developed 2.is called 3.be changed 4.is designed 5.is 语法填空 allowed 6.be sold 7.needed 8.was finally approved 9.have been placed 10.is still being tested 11.are required 12.hopes