Unit 1 Life Choices-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（北师大版）

Unit 1 Life Choices 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：动词不定式 ☆同步语法二：-ed与-ing形容词 语法精讲精练 (一）基本定义 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，基本形式为"to+动词原形”(todo),有时可省略to。它兼 具名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。动 词不定式是高考语法填空、短文改错及写作中的高频考点，尤其涉及其逻辑主语、时态语态及 与动名词的区分。 (二)核心用法与句法功能 句法功能 位置与说明 例句 考点提示 To master a foreign 高考常考t作形式主语的 常位于句首，或由 language requires 句型：t+be+ 作主语 形式主语t替代，真 persistence.It is adj./n.+(for/of sb.) 正主语后置 important to arrive to do sth. on time. 位于及物动词后 注意动词后接不定式与动 (如want,hope, She decided to give 名词的区别（如stop to 作宾语 expect,decide, up the plan./I don't do vs stop doing);疑 pretend)或“动词 know what to say. 问词+不定式作宾语是高 +疑问词”后 频考点 位于被修饰名词 I have a lot of work to 若不定式动词为不及物， 作定语 后，与被修饰名词 do.He is the first 需加相应介词；如a 常构成动宾关系或 person to come. room to live in 主谓关系 He saved money (in 目的状语常用“in order 可表目的、结果、 order)to buy a car. to/s0asto”;结果状 作状语 原因等，常位于句 (目的)/The room is 语常见于“too.to, 首或句末 too small to hold 50 enough to,nly to"结 people.(结果) 构 位于系动词后，说 My goal is to become 主语若为what引导从句 a scientist./The only 或抽象名词(plan, 作表语 明主语的内容或特 征 thing we can do is to dream),表语常用不定 wait. 式 重点记忆使役动词 位于某些动词（如 The teacher told us to (make,let,have)和 ask,tell,want, finish the homework. 感官动词(see,hear, 作宾语补足语 allow)的宾语后， /I saw him enter the watch)后不定式不带 补充说明宾语的动 room. (感官动词后省略 to,但被动语态中to要还 作 to) 原 (三) 核心含义与时态语态 形式 时态含义 语态 例句 含义 一般式（动作与谓语动词 to do 主动 同时或之后发生) I hope to see you soon. The book is said to be to be done 一般式 被动 translated into English 完成式（动作在谓语动词 He is thought to have left the to have done 主动 之前发生) city. to have been 完成式 被动 The project is reported to have done been completed. 进行式（动作与谓语动词 to be doing 主动 He seems to be waiting for 同时发生) someone (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.不定式作定语的后置与介词保留 O例句：He needs a pen to write with..(write是不及物动词，需加with) O例句：She has no friends to talk to, 2.不定式符号to的省略与还原 例句：I made him cry.(主动省略to)→He was made to cry,(被动还原to) ②例句：|would rather stay than go.(固定搭配省略to) 3.疑问词+不定式作主语/宾语/表语 ②例句：How to solve this problem remains unknown..(作主语) ②例句：I can't decide which one to choose.(作宾语) 4.不定式与动名词作宾语的辨析 O例句：stop to do sth.(停下来去做另一件事)vs stop doing sth.(停止正在做的 事) Q例句：remember to do(记得要去做) ）vs remember doing(记得做过) 5.不定式作结果状语的特殊用法 ⑧例句：He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.(出乎意料的结 果) ②例句：She is too young to go to school.(太.而不能) 二、专项练习 ()单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.It is essential the experiment before Friday. A.to finish B.finishing C.to be finished D.having finished 2.The manager asked all the staff the meeting on time. A.attend B.to attend C.attending D.attended 3.I have a urgent letter this afternoon. A.type B.to type C.typing D.typed 4.The woman was seen the building at 9 p.m.yesterday. A.enter B.to enter C.entered D.entering 5.She pretended me when I passed by. A.not see B.not to see C.to not see D.not seeing 6.The problem is within the next hour. A.solve B.to solve C.to be solved D.solving 7.He opened the box, a note inside. A.only finding B.only to find C.only found D.only find 8.-I don't know with this broken machine. -You can call the repairman. A.what to do B.how to do C.what doing D.doing what 9.The poor boy had no choice but on the streets. A.to beg B.beg C.begging D.begged 10.All the employees hope a pay raise. A.to give B.to be given C.giving D.being given (二)用所给动词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确形式填空（注意谓语或非谓语、成分需求）。 1.He can't afford(buy)a new car this year 2.The instructions are too complicated(understand). 3.I would rather(stay)at home than go out in such bad weather. 4.She is said(write)a novel for the past five years. 5.The teacher warned the students_(not cheat)in the exam. 6.It took the workers a whole week(repair)the bridge 7.The thief was forced (tell)the truth by the police 8.I'm looking for a room (live).Please add a preposition if needed (三)完成句子(5小题) 根据中文提示，用动词不定式翻译或补全句子。 1.The young man seems (find)a solution to the problem. 2.We need to ask the expert (what do)next. 3.The box is too heavy for me (carry)alone. 4.It took them three years (build)the bridge 5.His dream is (become)an astronaut. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 选择 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.B;8.A;9.A;10.B (二)用所 给动词的适 1.to buy 2.to understand 3.stay 4.to have been writing 5.not to 当形式填空 cheat 6.to repair 7.to tell 8.to live in (三)完成 句子 1.to have found 2.what to do 3.to carry 4.to build 5.to become 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 ed形容词和-ng形容词均来源于动词的分词形式，在句中充当形容词，修饰名词或代 词，也可作表语。两者核心差异在于逻辑主语的感觉与事物性质，是高考英语语法填空、 短文改错、完形填空及写作中的高频考点。 (二) 核心用法与位置 类别 位置 含义 例句 前置定 表示“感到 -ed形容词（如 a surprised look(惊讶的表 语/后 的”，主语通常是人 interested,excited, 情)；The girl,,deeply moved, 置定语 或动物，强调被动 bored,tired) kept silent,(后置定语) /表语 或状态 前置定 表示“今人… -ing形容词（如 an exciting film(合人兴奋的 语/后 的”，主语通常是事 电影)；The news,surprising interesting,exciting, 置定语 物或情况，强调主 everyone,spread fast.(后置 boring,tiring） /表语 动或性质 定语) 1.单个-ed/-ing形容词通常作前置定语，直接放在名词前。 a frightened child(一个受惊吓的孩子) a frightening story(一个吓人的故事) 2.形容词短语（如interested in,excited about,.boring to watch)常作后置定语， 相当于定语从句。 The students interested in physics attended the lecture The students who were interested in physics attended the lecture. The movie boring to watch was quickly forgotten. The movie which was boring to watch was quickly forgotten. (三)核心含义区分（高考必考点） 1.-ed形容词：强调人的感受，逻辑主语是动作的承受者或状态经历者。 a tired teacher→老师感到疲惫（被动于劳累） 2.-ig形容词：强调事物的属性，逻辑主语是动作的发出者（引发感受的事物）。 a tiring job→工作分人疲惫（住动使人体累） ★易错点：某些动词的-d形式已高度形容词化，可直接修饰人以外的名词，但核心仍 是“被的”或“处于.状态”。 a broken heart(破碎的心-→被伤透) a closed door(关着的内→被动关闭) 注意：此类词不属于严格意义上的“感受形容词'，但需与-ing区分：a breaking story(正在发展的新闻，主动) (四)ed形容词vs-ing形容词核心对此表（高考高频） 原形动词 -ed形容词（感 -ing形容词（合 典型例句 到的) 人的) The excited fans cheered for excite excited exciting the exciting game I felt bored with the boring bore bored boring speech. The confused students asked confuse confused confusing about the confusing problem. We were amazed by the amaze amazed amazing amazing view. His disappointed look disappoint disappointed disappointing showed the disappointing result. The satisfied customer satisfy satisfied satisfying praised the satisfying service. (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.判断主语是人还是物，选择-ed或-ing形容词作定语或表语。 例：The worried mother looked for her child.(母亲担忧，-ed) 例：The worrying news made everyone silent.(新闻分人担忧，-ing) 2形容词短语作后置定语的识别与转换。 The books recommended by the teacher are useful. The books which are recommended by the teacher are useful. (同义转换) 3.不规则动词的-ed形容词拼写（如broken,hidden,written)。 例：a hidden treasure(隐藏的宝藏，hide→hidden) 4.含-ed和-ing形容词的并列结构（高考短文改错易考混淆）。 误：The movie is very interested.(应改为interesting) 正：The movie is very interesting 二、专项练习 (一）单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The news about the accident made everyone feel sad A.shocking B.shocked C.shock D.being shocked 2.The little girl was when she saw the snake. A.frightening;frightened B.frightened;frightening C.frightened;frightened D.frightening;frightening 3.All the students are about the match. A.exciting;excited B.excited;exciting C.excited;excited D.exciting;exciting 4.The look on his face suggested he was really A.puzzled;puzzling B.puzzling;puzzled C.puzzled;puzzled D.puzzling;puzzling 5.The speech was so_ that many listeners got A.boring;boring B.bored;bored C.boring;bored D.bored;boring 6.The journey through the desert left them all A.tiring;exhausting B.tired;exhausted C.tired;exhausting D.tiring;exhausted 7.The children were searching for the box in the garden. A.exciting;hidden B.excited;hiding C.excited;hidden D.exciting;hiding 8.I found the explanation quite A.confusing;confused B.confused;confusing C.confusing;confusing D.confused;confused 9.The audience gave the performer a_ round of applause. A.satisfying;satisfied B.satisfied;satisfying C.satisfying;satisfying D.satisfied;satisfied 10.He was to find that the task had been completed ahead of time. A.amazing;amazed B.amazed;amazing C.amazed;amazed D.amazing;amazing (二) 用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 用括号内动词的-ed或ing形式填空。 1.The (tire)children fell asleep on the bus after the long hike. 2.The (move)story made many people cry. 3.She gave a (satisfy)smile when she saw the result. 4.The (confuse)instructions were hard to follow. 5.We were all _(amaze)by the_(amaze)performance. 6.The (worry)mother waited for her son at the door. 7.The (disappoint)result was not what they expected. 8.The (interest)students asked the teacher many (challenge)questions. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的-ed或-ing形式。 Last month,I attended a 1. (bore)lecture about ancient history. However,the speaker told a 2. (surprise)story that caught everyone's attention.The students,3. (interest)in the story,started asking questions.One 4._ (excite)boy even stood up and shared his own views. After the lecture,I felt 5. (refresh)and 6. (inspire).The 7. (challenge)questions raised by the audience made the discussion lively.The speaker looked 8. (satisfy)with the interaction. Later,I read a 9. (move)article about the same topic.It was a 10. (touch)experience.The 11. (tire)students who had been sleepy at the beginning became 12. (engage)by the end. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.C;6.D;7.C;8.C;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.tired 2.moving 3.satisfied ;4.confusing 5.amazed; 形式填空 amazing 6.worried 7.disappointing 8.interested;challenging (三)篇章 1.boring 2.surprising 3.interested ;4.excited 5.refreshed; 语法填空 6.inspired 7.challenging ;8.satisfied ;9.moving 10.touching 11.tired 12.engaged