Unit 2 Sports and Fitness-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（北师大版）

Unit 2:Sports and Fitness 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：定语从句（关系代词引导） ☆同步语法二：不定代词 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，相当于形容词的作用。被修饰的词叫先行词， 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，连接主句和从 句，同时指代先行词。 关系代词有：who,whom,which,that,whose。它们是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作 中的核心考点。 (二)核心用法与选择规则 先行词类 从句中充当成 关系代词 型 分 例句 The man who lives next door is a who 主语、宾语 doctor. The girl whom you met yesterday is my whom 宾语 cousin which 物/事 主语、宾语 The book which is on the desk belongs to me that 人或物 主语、宾语 The car that I bought last week is fast. 定语（所属关 The boy whose mother is a teacher whose 人或物 系) works hard. 1.指人时：who/whom/that who:作主语或宾语（作宾语时可用whom代替，但口语中常用who) O例句：The teacher who teaches us English is very kind,.(主语) whom：只作宾语，常出现在正式文体或介词后 O例句：The scientist whom we respect most gave a speech.(宾语) that:可指人，也可指物，但在指人时通常可与who互换，但在先行词为不定代词时更常 用that ②例句：Anyone that knows the truth should tell us.. 2.指物时：which/that which:可作主语、宾语，主要用于非限定性定语从句和介词后 O例句：The experiment which was conducted last month failed.(主语) that:多用于限定性定语从句，不能用于非限定性定语从句，也不能直接跟在介词后面 O例句：The house that we saw yesterday is for sale,(宾语，可省略) 3.whose的用法（所属关系） whose表示”的”，先行词可以是人或物，在从句中作定语，修饰名词。 O例句：The woman whose car was stolen reported to the police. O例句：The tree whose leaves have turned yellow is an old maple. (三)高考高频考点总结 1.只用that的情况（高考常考，易错点） 先行词是all,much,little,few,something,anything,nothing,everything等不定 代词 g例句：All that can be done has been done 先行词被the very,the only,the same,the last,the next等修饰 g例句：This is the very book that I want to read. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 O例句：The second film that was shown was more interesting 先行词既有人又有物 例句：They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited. 2.只用which的情况 非限定性定语从句（逗号隔开） 例句：The Great Wall,,which was built centuries ago,is world-famous. 关系代词前有介词 例句：This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 3.关系代词作宾语时可省略 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语（介词在句末)时可以省略 例句：The book(that/which)I borrowed from you is interesting 例句：The man(who/whom/that)we met yesterday is a famous writer.. 4.介词+关系代词（常见于高考语法填空、改错） 介词后指人用whom,指物用which 例句：He is the teacher from whom I learned a lot.. 例句：This is the topic about which we are going to argue 5.whose+名词与the+名词+of which的互换 例句：The house whose roof is red belongs to Mr.Wang. The house the roof of which is red belongs to Mr.Wang. (四)关系代词Vs关系副词 关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语（有格的变化） 关系副词(when,where,why)在从句中作状语，表时间、地点、原因 对比： 例句：The school which I visited is very large.(visited是及物动词，缺宾语，用 which) 例句：The school where I studied is very large,(studied是不及物动词，缺地点状 语，用where.) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The village we visited last year has changed a lot A.where B.which C.in which D.what 2.Do you know the reason he was absent from the meeting? A.that B.which C.for which D.for that 3.The scientist speech we listened to was very inspiring. A.who B.whose C.whom D.which 4.This is the most interesting novel I have ever read. A.which B.that C.what D.as 5.I will never forget the days we spent together on the farm. A.when B.that C.on which D.in which 6.The man is standing under the tree is our headmaster. A.who B.whom C.which D.whose 7.The factory products are sold all over the world is in Shenzhen. A.whose B.which C.that D.where 8.Is this the museum you visited last summer? A.where B.which C.the one D.in which 9.All I need is a good rest. A.which B.that C.what D.who 10.He is the only one of the students been to the Great Wall. A.who has B.who have C.which has D.that have (二)用适当的关系代词填空(8小题) 从关系代词who,whom,which,that,whose中选择恰当的填入空白处（注意：有些题可能 有多个正确答案，但请选择最合适的一个)。 1.The woman son won the first prize is very proud. 2.I can't find the magazine I bought yesterday. 3.The man _you spoke to just now is a famous writer. 4.All the people attended the conference agreed with the plan. 5.The car engine is broken needs to be repaired. 6.Is there anything _I can do for you? 7.The teacher we respect most is retiring next month. 8.He showed us the pictures, were taken during his trip to Japan. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个合适的关系代词（注意：不需要填入that可省略的情况，但 本练习要求必须填入关系词)。 Last week,I met an old friend 1. I hadn't seen for ten years.He told me about a new technology company 2. _was founded by a young inventor 3. _name is Li Hua.The company's main product is a smart watch 4. can monitor people's heart rate.I was very interested in the invention 5. he showed to me. The smart watch has a lot of functions,many of 6. are quite advanced. One feature 7.particularly attracts users is its ability to detect early signs of diseases.The person 8. invented it once worked in a hospital,9. experience gave him lots of inspiration.He said that the watch is meant for those 10, care about their health. I decided to buy one for my father,11. birthday is next week.My father, 12. health condition has been a concern,will surely appreciate this gift. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 选择 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.A;8.B;9.B;10.A (二)用适 1.whose 2.that/which 3.whom/who/that 4.who/that 5.whose 当的关系代 6.that 7.whom/who/that 8.which 词填空 (三)篇章 1.whom/who/that 2.which/that 3.whose 4.which/that 语法填空 5.which/that 6.which 7.that/which 8.who/that 9.whose 10.who/that 11.whose 12.whose 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 不定代词：指代不特定的人或事物的代词，包括普通不定代词(some,any,no,every 及其复合词)和替代词(one,ones,none,all,each,either,neither,both,other, another等)。在高考中，不定代词是语法填空、短文改错、完形填空的高频考点，重点 考查： 肯定/否定/疑问句中的some/any选择 复合不定代词(-body/-one/-thing)的用法及形容词后置 指代关系（单数/复数、肯定/否定、人与物） 两者/三者范围的区分(both,either,neither与all,any,none) (二)核心用法与位置（表格对比） 类别 代表词 用法要点 例句 some/ 肯定句 用于肯定句；表示”一些”“某人”“某 I have some books. someone 物” Someone is waiting something 用于否定句；表示“任何”或”一个也 I don't have any 否定句 any/anyone/ anything 没有” money.There isn't anyone here. 一般疑问句用any;但表邀请、建 Would you like some 疑问句 some/any 议、期望肯定回答时用some tea?(邀请)/Do you have any questions? -body/-one可 someone/somebody意义相 指人 Everyone is here. 互换 同，anyone/anybody相同 Everybody is here. 指物 -thing系列 something,anything,nothing, Nothing is everything impossible. 形容词修饰复合不定代 形容词必须放在复合不定代词之后 I have something 后置 词 important to tell you. 复合不定代词+ Someone's bag is on 所有格 表示”的” the desk. This book is more 替代单 one替代单数可数名词，ones替代 数可数 one ones interesting than that 复数；前可加the/this/that等 one. Both answers are 两者范 both /either both(两者都)，either(两者中任 correct.Neither is 围 neither 一)，neither(两者都不) wrong. 三者及 以上范 all any none all(全部)，any(任何)，none All students passed. 围 every (没有一个)，every(每一个) None failed. other(其他的，后接名词)， other /another I have another idea 另一、 another(又一个，另一个，后接 others the 其他 Where are the 单数)，others(其他的人/物)， other others? the other(两者中的另一个) (三)核心含义区分与易混点（★高考必考点） 1.some与any的特殊用法 some可用于疑问句：表示建议、请求、期望肯定回答（如Would you like some coffee?)） any可用于肯定句：表示“任何”（如Any student can answer..) 2.复合不定代词的数 指人的复合不定代词(everyone,someone等)视为单数，人称代词用he/she或 they(现代英语常用they) 指物的复合不定代词(everything,something等)视为单数，谓语动词用单数 3.none no one nothing none指人物均可，常与of连用（(None of the students) no one只能指人，相当于nobody,后面不接of nothing只能指物 4.everyone与every one everyone为复合不定代词，意为“每个人”； every one表示“每一个（人或物)"，后常接of(Every one of the students) 5.other系列用法（高考高频） another（(三个以上中的另一个，后接单数名词：another chance) other(后接复数名词：other people) the other(两者中的另一个：one..the other) others(泛指其他的人/物，相当于other+复数名词) the others(特指其余全部的人物) 6.both,either,,neither与all,any,none的区别 both/either/,neither用于两者；all/any/none用于三者及以上 either常与or连用，neither常与nor连用(Neither Tom nor Mary is coming.) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数 Everything is ready. Nobody knows the answer. 2.形容词修饰复合不定代词后置 I have nothing new to say. Is there anything wrong? 3.some/any在疑问句中的选择 Could you lend me some money?(恳求语气) Do you have any questions?（一般疑问) 4.替代词one/ones的指代 I prefer the red ones to the blue ones. This film is not as good as the one we saw last week. 5.两者与三者范围的区分 Both of my parents are teachers.(两者) All of the three answers are wrong.(三者) Either road leads to the station.(两者之一) Neither answer is correct.(两者都不) 6.another/other/the other/others辨析 I have two brothers;one is a doctor,the other is a teacher. Some people enjoy coffee,others prefer tea. Would you like another cup? We need other suggestions. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-Would you like coffee? A.some;some B.any;any C.some;any D.any;some 2. of the two roads leads to the railway station.You can take either. A.Both B.Neither C.All D.None 3.I have important to tell you.Please listen carefully. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 4.The problem is so difficult that students can work it out. A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 5.-How many students are there in the classroom?- All of them have gone to the playground. A.None B.No one C.Nothing D.Nobody 6. of the three plans seems practical.We need to discuss further. A.Neither B.Both C.None D.All 7.I don't like this coat.Could you show me one? A.other B.others C.the other D.another 8.There is wrong with my computer.It works perfectly. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 9.Some people like traveling alone,while prefer to travel with friends. A.other B.another C.the other D.others 10. of the two books is interesting,but I have read of them. A.Both;neither B.Neither;both C.Either;none D.None;either (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内所给不定代词的适当形式填空（注意：有的需要变形为所有格或 复合形式)。 1. (some)of the students have finished their homework,but the rest haven't. 2. (every)one of us must obey the school rules. 3.I found (some)left their umbrella in the library.Could you help me find the owner? 4.There are two approaches; (neither)of them is perfect. 5.The teacher asked (any)who knew the answer to raise their hands 6.We need (other)three volunteers to help with the cleaning. 7.He gave me two presents;(one)was a book,and (other) was a pen. 8. (every)in our class is good at math,but__ (none)can solve this problem. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的不定代词（必要时可变形为所有格或组合形 式)。 Last week,I went shopping with my mother.We wanted to buy 1._ (some)for the new house.First,we looked at furniture.There were 2. (much)sofas,but 3.(none)of them matched our style.My mother said,"Let's try 4. (other)store."At the second store,we found 5. (something)beautiful -a wooden table.6._ (every）around us seemed to like it.However,the price was too high.We didn't buy 7. (any)that day.On the way home,we met a friend of 8. (someone)-Mrs.Li.She told us about a small shop where 9. (every） was on sale.We went there and finally bought 10.(some)chairs.I learned that 11. (no)can get everything they want at once. 12. (none)of the things we bought were expensive,but we felt happy. 三、参考答案 （一）单项 选择 1.C;2.A;3.A;4.A;5.A;6.C;7.D;8.C;9.D;10.B (二)用所 1.Some 2.Every;3.someone's somebody's;4.neither; 给词的适当 5.anyone /anybody 6.another 7.one;the other 8.Everyone 形式填空 Everybody;none (三)篇章 1.something 2.many;3.none 4.another 5.something 语法填空 6.Everyone Everybody 7.anything 8.someone's somebody's; 9.everything 10.some 11.no one nobody 12.None