Unit 2 Onwards and Upwards（知识清单）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语Unit 2知识清单围绕“受挫—调整—坚持—成长”主题，系统梳理教材核心内容，涵盖阅读与写作词汇、词汇变形、核心短语、-ing与to-infinitive作宾语语法及主题写作等范畴，搭建从基础词汇到语法应用再到写作输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类整合与分层突破构建知识体系，如核心词汇设“用法+主题例句+易错提示+即学即练”模块，语法重点辨析remember等动词用法并配判断路径，写作按“经历—困难—调整—反思”提供提纲模板，助力学生提升语言能力与思维品质。设计30分钟检测题与师生双版，方便学生自主自查，教师可据此高效开展复习教学。

Unit 2 Onwards and Upwards（知识清单） 【使用建议】高二中等学情 · 2课时复习 · 30分钟检测 围绕“受挫—调整—坚持—成长”整理教材核心。教师版保留答案、解析与范文；学生版保留同一知识结构和题面，用于课前自查、课堂复习与课后检测。 类别 Unit 2 核心内容 阅读词汇 overnight, manuscript, rejection, criticism, classic, endurance, outcome, blessing, worthy 写作词汇 ________, persevere, ________, delighted, enthusiastic, appreciative, worthwhile 词汇变形 inform→________; reject→________; persevere→________; criticise→criticism; endure→endurance 核心短语 have ... in common; turn down; ________ to; take ... for example; contribute to; be appreciative of 写作句型 I once found it difficult to... / Instead of..., I decided to... / The experience made me realise that... 语法 -ing 与 to-infinitive 作宾语；重点辨析 remember / regret / stop / try 写作 Writing about an experience：交代经历—呈现困难—说明调整—反思成长 一、核心词汇与表达 1. inform & information 【用法】inform sb. of/about sth.; inform sb. that...; keep sb. informed 【主题例句】We regret to inform you that your manuscript has not been accepted. 【易错】information 为不可数名词；不能说 an information。 【即学即练】Please keep us ________ (inform) of any change to the schedule. 2. reject & rejection 【用法】reject an idea/application; face repeated rejection; be rejected by 【主题例句】Repeated rejection did not stop the writer revising her work. 【易错】reject 是动词；rejection 是名词；turn down 可表示“拒绝”。 【即学即练】After several ________ (reject), he asked for more specific feedback. 3. persevere, perseverance & endurance 【用法】persevere in/with sth.; persevere in doing; show perseverance; powers of endurance 【主题例句】Perseverance means changing the method without abandoning the goal. 【易错】perseverance 强调坚持行动；endurance 强调承受困难的持久力。 【即学即练】Her ________ (persevere) eventually turned a weak draft into a strong one. 4. criticise & criticism 【用法】criticise sb./sth. for...; receive criticism; constructive criticism 【主题例句】Constructive criticism points to what can be improved. 【易错】critic 是“评论者”；criticism 是“批评/评论”，不可把批评本身等同于失败。 【即学即练】He used the ________ (criticise) to revise the ending. 5. guarantee 【用法】guarantee sth.; guarantee to do; guarantee that...; under guarantee 【主题例句】Talent alone cannot guarantee success. 【易错】guarantee 后可直接接名词；success 泛指时通常不加冠词。 【即学即练】Careful preparation cannot guarantee ________ (win), but it reduces avoidable mistakes. 6. delight, delighted & delightful 【用法】to one’s delight; with/in delight; be delighted at/by/with; be delighted to do 【主题例句】To her delight, the revised proposal was accepted. 【易错】delighted 多修饰人的感受；delightful 多修饰事物的性质。 【即学即练】We were ________ (delight) to learn that the project would continue. 7. appreciate & appreciative 【用法】appreciate sth./doing; appreciate it if...; be appreciative of 【主题例句】The experience made us more appreciative of ordinary sounds and colours. 【易错】appreciate 后通常不直接接人；可说 appreciate your help / appreciate you helping。 【即学即练】I would appreciate ________ if you could give me specific feedback. 8. worth, worthy & worthwhile 【用法】be worth doing; be worthy of + n./being done; be worthy to be done; It is worthwhile doing/to do 【主题例句】A setback is worth examining if it reveals the next useful step. 【易错】worth 后用主动形式表达被动意义：The book is worth reading。 【即学即练】The experiment is worth ________ (repeat) with better controls. 二、核心语法：-ing 与 to-infinitive 作宾语 【判断路径】先看动词限制，再看动作先后与说话意图 只背动词表容易失效。遇到 remember / regret / stop / try 等双结构动词时，要回答：动作已经发生，还是尚未发生？是停止原动作，还是停下来做另一件事？ 类型 核心规则与动词 只接 -ing admit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest, risk 只接 to do agree, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want 两者意义接近 begin, start, continue; like/love/prefer（具体语境中侧重点可不同） 两者意义不同 remember/forget/regret; stop; try; mean; go on 主动表被动 need doing = need to be done; be worth doing • remember doing：记得做过；remember to do：记得要做。 • regret doing：后悔做过；regret to do：遗憾地要做（常用于告知坏消息）。 • stop doing：停止原动作；stop to do：停下来去做另一动作。 • try doing：试用一种办法；try to do：努力做。 A. After two rejections, Lena decided ________ (revise) the opening. B. She avoided ________ (read) comments while she was too upset. C. Remember ________ (attach) the file before sending the email. D. I remember ________ (hear) the same advice last year. E. We stopped ________ (talk) when the blindfolded walk began. F. On the way home, I stopped ________ (buy) a notebook. G. If the method fails, try ________ (change) one condition at a time. H. Keeping a journal means ________ (examine) progress and mistakes. 三、单元写作：描述一次经历 【写作目标】不仅写“发生了什么”，还要写清“我如何调整”以及“这次经历改变了我什么”。 段落 内容任务 语言抓手 开端 时间、地点、目的 Recently... / I took part in... in order to... 困难 用具体场景呈现受挫 The most difficult part was... / I failed to... 应对 策略变化与他人帮助 Instead of..., I decided to... / With... helping me,... 反思 从结果上升到认识 The experience made me realise that... / I came to appreciate... 【写作任务】学校英文报征集主题为 “A Challenge Worth Experiencing” 的短文。请用约120词描述一次困难、说明你的应对，并写出收获。 【写作提纲】开端：________；困难：________；调整：________；收获：________。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 易错点01 regret doing / regret to do 【错因辨析】regret doing 表示后悔已经做过；regret to do 表示遗憾地要做，常见于正式通知。 【对点训练】We regret ________ (inform) you that the workshop is full. / He regretted ________ (ignore) the advice. 易错点02 stop doing / stop to do 【错因辨析】stop doing 是停止正在进行的动作；stop to do 是停下原动作，转去做另一动作。 【对点训练】The team stopped ________ (argue) and began testing. / She stopped ________ (check) the readings. 易错点03 try doing / try to do 【错因辨析】try doing 强调尝试某种办法；try to do 强调努力完成，结果未必成功。 【对点训练】Try ________ (move) the sensor away from the window. / He tried ________ (finish) the revision before noon. 易错点04 worth / worthy / worthwhile 【错因辨析】be worth doing；be worthy of + 名词/being done；It is worthwhile doing/to do。 【对点训练】The idea is worth ________ (test). / The discovery is worthy of ________ (record). （建议用时：30分钟 满分：50分） 一、默写重点单词（1—8题，每题1分） 1. ________ v. 通知；告知 2. ________ n. 拒绝；否决 3. ________ v. 锲而不舍；坚持不懈 4. ________ n. 批评；评论 5. ________ n. 耐力 6. ________ v. 保证；确保 7. ________ adj. 愉快的；高兴的 8. ________ adj. 值得做的；有意义的 二、词汇运用（9—14题，每题2分） 9. Please keep us ________ (inform) of any change to the plan. 10. Her ________ (persevere) finally turned repeated failure into progress. 11. The editor offered constructive ________ (criticise) rather than a simple refusal. 12. We were ________ (delight) to hear that the revised design had been accepted. 13. The activity made students more appreciative ________ the abilities they often ignored. 14. The documentary is well worth ________ (watch) because it changes how we notice ordinary life. 三、语法与句型（15—20题，每题2分） 15. The writer admitted ________ (ignore) useful feedback at first. 16. Remember ________ (save) a copy before closing the document. 17. I remember ________ (read) the same sentence in Helen Keller’s essay. 18. The students stopped ________ (talk) when the activity began. 19. On the way home, she stopped ________ (buy) a notebook for recording progress. 20. If the first method fails, try ________ (change) one condition at a time. 四、句子迁移（21—25题，每题2分） 21. 用 regret to do 补全：We ________________________ that your application was unsuccessful. 22. 用 instead of 改写：She did not repeat the same attempt. She asked for feedback. 23. 用 worth doing 改写：It is useful to examine the setback carefully. 24. 用 contribute to 翻译：每天记录一个小进步有助于长期坚持。 25. 用 make + 宾语 + appreciative of 翻译：这次经历使我更加珍惜普通的声音。 五、阅读理解（26—30题，每题2分） （教师自编，与单元主题相关但不复述教材课文） At the start of the term, Nora joined a team that was building a low-cost soil-moisture monitor for the school garden. She had written most of the program, and the device worked perfectly during quiet classroom tests. At the science fair, however, its readings suddenly jumped from “dry” to “wet” while the same pot of soil remained unchanged. Visitors were waiting, the team had no explanation, and Nora felt that weeks of work had been wasted. Her first idea was to replace the sensor and rewrite the program immediately. Their mentor, Mr Zhou, stopped the team from making several changes at once. He suggested keeping a failure log instead. On each page they recorded one condition—the distance from the lamp, the colour of the container, the time between readings—and changed only that condition in the next test. The work felt slow, but the notes soon showed a pattern: the most erratic readings appeared whenever strong light reached the inexpensive sensor. Rather than buying a more costly part, the team built a small cover from recycled card and added a simple calibration step to the program. They tested the monitor beside a window, under a desk lamp and outdoors. The numbers did not become perfect, but they became dependable enough to show when the garden actually needed water. Everyone could now explain the improved design. The monitor did not win the top prize. Yet a local community garden asked the students to share their design because it was affordable and easy to repair. Nora later kept the failure log on her desk. It reminded her that disappointment is often too general to solve. Progress began when the team turned “It doesn’t work” into smaller questions that could be tested one by one. The log also clearly showed why each small change actually mattered. What had seemed like proof of failure became a map for the next useful action. 26. Why was Nora especially disappointed at the science fair? A. The team had forgotten the monitor. B. The device failed after working in class. C. Visitors refused to test the soil. D. Mr Zhou replaced her program. 27. What does the word “erratic” in paragraph 2 most nearly mean? A. Unpredictable. B. Accurate. C. Delayed. D. Recorded. 28. How did the failure log help the team? A. It allowed them to avoid outdoor tests. B. It proved that the sensor was too expensive. C. It turned a broad problem into testable conditions. D. It showed that Nora should work alone. 29. Why did the community garden value the monitor? A. It had won the top prize. B. It used the newest technology. C. It produced completely perfect numbers. D. It was practical for limited resources. 30. Which title best captures the main idea? A. A Prize That Changed a School B. The Most Expensive Sensor C. A Failure Log That Mapped Progress D. How to Grow Plants Indoors 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Onwards and Upwards（知识清单） 【使用建议】高二中等学情 · 2课时复习 · 30分钟检测 围绕“受挫—调整—坚持—成长”整理教材核心。教师版保留答案、解析与范文；学生版保留同一知识结构和题面，用于课前自查、课堂复习与课后检测。 类别 Unit2核心内容 阅读词汇 overnight, manuscript, rejection, criticism, classic, endurance, outcome, blessing, worthy 写作词汇 inform, persevere, guarantee, delighted, enthusiastic, appreciative, worthwhile 词汇变形 inform→information; reject→rejection; persevere→perseverance; criticise→criticism; endure→endurance; delight→delighted/delightful; appreciate→appreciation 核心短语 have ... in common; turn down; stick to; take ... for example; contribute to; be appreciative of; live life to the full 写作句型 I once found it difficult to... / Instead of..., I decided to... / The experience made me realise that... 语法 -ing 与 to-infinitive 作宾语；重点辨析 remember / regret / stop / try 写作 Writing about an experience：交代经历—呈现困难—说明调整—反思成长 一、核心词汇与表达 1. inform & information 【用法】inform sb. of/about sth.; inform sb. that...; keep sb. informed 【主题例句】We regret to inform you that your manuscript has not been accepted. 【易错】information 为不可数名词；不能说 an information。 【即学即练】Please keep us ________ (inform) of any change to the schedule. 【答案】informed 2. reject & rejection 【用法】reject an idea/application; face repeated rejection; be rejected by 【主题例句】Repeated rejection did not stop the writer revising her work. 【易错】reject 是动词；rejection 是名词；turn down 可表示“拒绝”。 【即学即练】After several ________ (reject), he asked for more specific feedback. 【答案】rejections 3. persevere, perseverance & endurance 【用法】persevere in/with sth.; persevere in doing; show perseverance; powers of endurance 【主题例句】Perseverance means changing the method without abandoning the goal. 【易错】perseverance 强调坚持行动；endurance 强调承受困难的持久力。 【即学即练】Her ________ (persevere) eventually turned a weak draft into a strong one. 【答案】perseverance 4. criticise & criticism 【用法】criticise sb./sth. for...; receive criticism; constructive criticism 【主题例句】Constructive criticism points to what can be improved. 【易错】critic 是“评论者”；criticism 是“批评/评论”，不可把批评本身等同于失败。 【即学即练】He used the ________ (criticise) to revise the ending. 【答案】criticism 5. guarantee 【用法】guarantee sth.; guarantee to do; guarantee that...; under guarantee 【主题例句】Talent alone cannot guarantee success. 【易错】guarantee 后可直接接名词；success 泛指时通常不加冠词。 【即学即练】Careful preparation cannot guarantee ________ (win), but it reduces avoidable mistakes. 【答案】winning / a win 6. delight, delighted & delightful 【用法】to one’s delight; with/in delight; be delighted at/by/with; be delighted to do 【主题例句】To her delight, the revised proposal was accepted. 【易错】delighted 多修饰人的感受；delightful 多修饰事物的性质。 【即学即练】We were ________ (delight) to learn that the project would continue. 【答案】delighted 7. appreciate & appreciative 【用法】appreciate sth./doing; appreciate it if...; be appreciative of 【主题例句】The experience made us more appreciative of ordinary sounds and colours. 【易错】appreciate 后通常不直接接人；可说 appreciate your help / appreciate you helping。 【即学即练】I would appreciate ________ if you could give me specific feedback. 【答案】it 8. worth, worthy & worthwhile 【用法】be worth doing; be worthy of + n./being done; be worthy to be done; It is worthwhile doing/to do 【主题例句】A setback is worth examining if it reveals the next useful step. 【易错】worth 后用主动形式表达被动意义：The book is worth reading。 【即学即练】The experiment is worth ________ (repeat) with better controls. 【答案】repeating 二、核心语法：-ing 与 to-infinitive 作宾语 【判断路径】先看动词限制，再看动作先后与说话意图 只背动词表容易失效。遇到 remember / regret / stop / try 等双结构动词时，要回答：动作已经发生，还是尚未发生？是停止原动作，还是停下来做另一件事？ 类型 核心规则与动词 只接 -ing admit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest, risk 只接 to do agree, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want 两者意义接近 begin, start, continue; like/love/prefer（具体语境中侧重点可不同） 两者意义不同 remember/forget/regret; stop; try; mean; go on 主动表被动 need doing = need to be done; be worth doing • remember doing：记得做过；remember to do：记得要做。 • regret doing：后悔做过；regret to do：遗憾地要做（常用于告知坏消息）。 • stop doing：停止原动作；stop to do：停下来去做另一动作。 • try doing：试用一种办法；try to do：努力做。 A. After two rejections, Lena decided ________ (revise) the opening. B. She avoided ________ (read) comments while she was too upset. C. Remember ________ (attach) the file before sending the email. D. I remember ________ (hear) the same advice last year. E. We stopped ________ (talk) when the blindfolded walk began. F. On the way home, I stopped ________ (buy) a notebook. G. If the method fails, try ________ (change) one condition at a time. H. Keeping a journal means ________ (examine) progress and mistakes. 【答案】A to revise; B reading; C to attach; D hearing; E talking; F to buy; G changing; H examining 三、单元写作：描述一次经历 【写作目标】不仅写“发生了什么”，还要写清“我如何调整”以及“这次经历改变了我什么”。 段落 内容任务 语言抓手 开端 时间、地点、目的 Recently... / I took part in... in order to... 困难 用具体场景呈现受挫 The most difficult part was... / I failed to... 应对 策略变化与他人帮助 Instead of..., I decided to... / With... helping me,... 反思 从结果上升到认识 The experience made me realise that... / I came to appreciate... 【写作任务】学校英文报征集主题为 “A Challenge Worth Experiencing” 的短文。请用约120词描述一次困难、说明你的应对，并写出收获。 【参考范文】Last term I entered a school speech contest. Although I had prepared carefully, I forgot several lines during the first rehearsal and stopped speaking. I felt embarrassed and considered giving up. Instead, I asked my teacher for specific feedback. She advised me to divide the speech into idea groups rather than memorise every word. I practised recording myself and tried slowing down whenever I became nervous. A week later, I finished the speech confidently. I did not win first prize, yet the experience was worthwhile. It taught me that perseverance is not blind repetition; it means finding a better way and continuing to act. 【评分建议】内容5分，语言5分，结构3分，书写2分；重点看“困难—调整—成长”是否完整。 易错点01 regret doing / regret to do 【错因辨析】regret doing 表示后悔已经做过；regret to do 表示遗憾地要做，常见于正式通知。 【对点训练】We regret ________ (inform) you that the workshop is full. / He regretted ________ (ignore) the advice. 【答案】to inform; ignoring 易错点02 stop doing / stop to do 【错因辨析】stop doing 是停止正在进行的动作；stop to do 是停下原动作，转去做另一动作。 【对点训练】The team stopped ________ (argue) and began testing. / She stopped ________ (check) the readings. 【答案】arguing; to check 易错点03 try doing / try to do 【错因辨析】try doing 强调尝试某种办法；try to do 强调努力完成，结果未必成功。 【对点训练】Try ________ (move) the sensor away from the window. / He tried ________ (finish) the revision before noon. 【答案】moving; to finish 易错点04 worth / worthy / worthwhile 【错因辨析】be worth doing；be worthy of + 名词/being done；It is worthwhile doing/to do。 【对点训练】The idea is worth ________ (test). / The discovery is worthy of ________ (record). 【答案】testing; being recorded （建议用时：30分钟 满分：50分） 一、默写重点单词（1—8题，每题1分） 1. ________ v. 通知；告知 【答案】inform 2. ________ n. 拒绝；否决 【答案】rejection 3. ________ v. 锲而不舍；坚持不懈 【答案】persevere 4. ________ n. 批评；评论 【答案】criticism 5. ________ n. 耐力 【答案】endurance 6. ________ v. 保证；确保 【答案】guarantee 7. ________ adj. 愉快的；高兴的 【答案】delighted 8. ________ adj. 值得做的；有意义的 【答案】worthwhile 二、词汇运用（9—14题，每题2分） 9. Please keep us ________ (inform) of any change to the plan. 【答案】informed 10. Her ________ (persevere) finally turned repeated failure into progress. 【答案】perseverance 11. The editor offered constructive ________ (criticise) rather than a simple refusal. 【答案】criticism 12. We were ________ (delight) to hear that the revised design had been accepted. 【答案】delighted 13. The activity made students more appreciative ________ the abilities they often ignored. 【答案】of 14. The documentary is well worth ________ (watch) because it changes how we notice ordinary life. 【答案】watching 三、语法与句型（15—20题，每题2分） 15. The writer admitted ________ (ignore) useful feedback at first. 【答案】ignoring 16. Remember ________ (save) a copy before closing the document. 【答案】to save 17. I remember ________ (read) the same sentence in Helen Keller’s essay. 【答案】reading 18. The students stopped ________ (talk) when the activity began. 【答案】talking 19. On the way home, she stopped ________ (buy) a notebook for recording progress. 【答案】to buy 20. If the first method fails, try ________ (change) one condition at a time. 【答案】changing 四、句子迁移（21—25题，每题2分） 21. 用 regret to do 补全：We ________________________ that your application was unsuccessful. 【答案】regret to inform you 22. 用 instead of 改写：She did not repeat the same attempt. She asked for feedback. 【答案】Instead of repeating the same attempt, she asked for feedback. 23. 用 worth doing 改写：It is useful to examine the setback carefully. 【答案】The setback is worth examining carefully. 24. 用 contribute to 翻译：每天记录一个小进步有助于长期坚持。 【答案】Recording one small improvement each day contributes to long-term perseverance. 25. 用 make + 宾语 + appreciative of 翻译：这次经历使我更加珍惜普通的声音。 【答案】The experience made me more appreciative of ordinary sounds. 五、阅读理解（26—30题，每题2分） （教师自编，与单元主题相关但不复述教材课文） At the start of the term, Nora joined a team that was building a low-cost soil-moisture monitor for the school garden. She had written most of the program, and the device worked perfectly during quiet classroom tests. At the science fair, however, its readings suddenly jumped from “dry” to “wet” while the same pot of soil remained unchanged. Visitors were waiting, the team had no explanation, and Nora felt that weeks of work had been wasted. Her first idea was to replace the sensor and rewrite the program immediately. Their mentor, Mr Zhou, stopped the team from making several changes at once. He suggested keeping a failure log instead. On each page they recorded one condition—the distance from the lamp, the colour of the container, the time between readings—and changed only that condition in the next test. The work felt slow, but the notes soon showed a pattern: the most erratic readings appeared whenever strong light reached the inexpensive sensor. Rather than buying a more costly part, the team built a small cover from recycled card and added a simple calibration step to the program. They tested the monitor beside a window, under a desk lamp and outdoors. The numbers did not become perfect, but they became dependable enough to show when the garden actually needed water. Everyone could now explain the improved design. The monitor did not win the top prize. Yet a local community garden asked the students to share their design because it was affordable and easy to repair. Nora later kept the failure log on her desk. It reminded her that disappointment is often too general to solve. Progress began when the team turned “It doesn’t work” into smaller questions that could be tested one by one. The log also clearly showed why each small change actually mattered. What had seemed like proof of failure became a map for the next useful action. 26. Why was Nora especially disappointed at the science fair? A. The team had forgotten the monitor. B. The device failed after working in class. C. Visitors refused to test the soil. D. Mr Zhou replaced her program. 【答案】B。第一段指出装置在课堂测试正常，却在展会现场读数异常。 27. What does the word “erratic” in paragraph 2 most nearly mean? A. Unpredictable. B. Accurate. C. Delayed. D. Recorded. 【答案】A。读数随强光出现跳变，说明其不稳定、不可预测。 28. How did the failure log help the team? A. It allowed them to avoid outdoor tests. B. It proved that the sensor was too expensive. C. It turned a broad problem into testable conditions. D. It showed that Nora should work alone. 【答案】C。记录并一次只改变一个条件，使团队找到光线这一具体变量。 29. Why did the community garden value the monitor? A. It had won the top prize. B. It used the newest technology. C. It produced completely perfect numbers. D. It was practical for limited resources. 【答案】D。末段明确说明其价格低、易维修，适合社区花园。 30. Which title best captures the main idea? A. A Prize That Changed a School B. The Most Expensive Sensor C. A Failure Log That Mapped Progress D. How to Grow Plants Indoors 【答案】C。全文核心是借失败日志把模糊挫败转化为可检验问题和下一步行动。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $