UNIT 5 Humans and Nature 培优提能练(二)（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第二册学习笔记（北师大版·新教材）

**基本信息** 聚焦语篇理解与语言技能，通过题型分类解析构建系统性解题方法，强化知识逻辑与核心素养的融合。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |主题语篇阅读|8题（含词义猜测、细节理解等4类题型）|上下文语境推断词义、定位原文信息、分析人物观点、归纳写作意图|以自然科学与社会议题为载体，构建“语篇理解-信息提取-逻辑分析”的思维链条| |七选五|5题|衔接词提示、段落主旨匹配、上下文语义连贯|围绕动物交流主题，训练“句间逻辑-语篇结构-意义完整”的语篇组织能力| |完形填空|15题|语境词义辨析、情感线索追踪、上下文呼应|通过松鼠觅食叙事，渗透“问题解决-情感体验-自我激励”的思维品质培养| |语法填空|10题|非谓语动词用法、定语从句引导词、固定搭配|以哈尔滨城市介绍为语境，实现“语法规则-语篇应用-文化意识”的知识迁移|

训练7　培优提能练(二) [分值：62.5分] Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2025·湖北十堰高一上期中) Koalas are known for their furry ears，round faces，and big black noses.They spend most of their time sleeping in the treetops of eucalyptus(桉树) forests.Because they love staying high up and moving very little，it is hard to find these cute Australian animals.But a new method might make it easier. In areas where koalas，kangaroos，and other animals live，scientists are using a new way to find them.They capture DNA floating in the air using filters(过滤器) made of cheesecloth，a type of cloth often found in kitchens.These filters are placed between two metal plates.The scientists tested this method at 26 sites in four nature reserves in Queensland，Australia.At each site，they placed two filters—one about 1.5 meters above the ground with a fan to draw in air，and the other closer to the ground. After a few days，the researchers collected the filters and studied the material caught in them.They were happy to find koalas’ DNA as well as DNA from eleven other species that live in the area. Koala populations have dropped a lot in recent years because of wildfires and diseases.In 2022，the Australian government said that koalas are endangered in some parts of the country.To help protect them，scientists have used advanced tools like thermal imaging drones(无人机) and sound recorders to find koalas.The new method is cheaper and easier to use. “Some of the work in this study is really an important step，” said an ecologist.The experiment was done in an uncontrolled environment，where things like strong winds or rain could affect the results.“The fact that they were still able to have some success is really encouraging，” he said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种保护考拉的新技术，科学家们利用这种新技术来寻找考拉等动物，以更好地保护它们。 1．What does the underlined word “capture” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Measure. B．Create. C．Limit. D．Catch. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“They capture DNA floating in the air using filters(过滤器) made of cheesecloth，a type of cloth often found in kitchens.”可知，科学家们用过滤器来“捕捉”或收集空气中飘浮的DNA，capture意为“捕捉”。故选D。 2．What is a major reason for the application of the new method? A．Koalas are in danger of dying out in America. B．Falls in the numbers of koalas worry authorities. C．There are few professionals to operate the device. D．Some advanced equipment is too expensive to use. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，由于野火和疾病，考拉的数量大幅下降。2022年，澳大利亚政府表示，考拉在该国一些地区已濒临灭绝。为了保护它们，科学家们使用了新方法。故考拉数量的下降让当局感到担忧，所以科学家们采用了新的方法来寻找和保护考拉。故选B。 3．Which of the following describes the ecologist’s attitude to the study? A．Supportive. B．Uncertain. C．Doubtful. D．Disappointed. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘Some of the work in this study is really an important step，’ said an ecologist.”以及“‘The fact that they were still able to have some success is really encouraging，’ he said.”可知，生态学家对这项研究持支持态度。故选A。 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To request the government to make a difference. B．To stress the influence of environmental problems. C．To introduce a new technique in protecting koalas. D．To make koalas’ living conditions known to more people. 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种在保护考拉方面使用的新技术，科学家们利用这种新技术来寻找考拉等动物，以帮助保护它们，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种保护考拉的新技术。故选C。 B (2025·福建宁德高一上期中) Researchers at MIT have come up with the concept(概念) of “outdoor days”—the number of days per year in a given place when the temperature is not too hot or cold to enjoy normal outdoor activities.They used this method to measure how global warming affects different areas of the United States.They discovered that some states，particularly Florida and other parts of the Southeast，would see a big drop in outdoor days，while some states in the Northwest would see a small increase. This finding was published in Geophysical Research Letters by researchers Yeon-Woo Choi and Elfatih Eltahir.By collecting and examining temperature data(数据) since 1960，the researchers found that in recent years，the number of outdoor days in some places has changed compared to the past.“It seems like the Southeast is suffering major losses in the number of outdoor days，” says Choi.“This will affect people’s quality of life，and also the attractiveness of tourism and people who want to settle here when they get old.” The study also found that the seasonal pattern(模式) of outdoor days might change a lot.Although most areas now enjoy the most outdoor days in summer，spring and fall will become the preferred seasons for outdoor activities as summers get hotter.This change can be seen in Florida，where spring and fall are increasingly becoming the more enjoyable seasons for outdoor activities，while summer is no longer the best time of the year. Eltahir explains，“We noticed that some people think climate change will happen later and will affect someone else.And this belief is part of the reason why people are not taking enough action now.” However，the idea of outdoor days connects climate change to personal daily activities.He adds，“We hope this idea would lead to the development of sound，science-based plans to fight climate change.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了麻省理工学院的研究人员提出的“户外日”的概念可被用来衡量全球变暖对美国不同地区的影响。 5．What is the concept of “outdoor days” about? A．Weather report. B．Climate issue. C．Temperature data. D．Weather service. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“...‘outdoor days’—the number of days per year in a given place when the temperature is not too hot or cold to enjoy normal outdoor activities...to measure how global warming affects different areas...”可知，“户外日”的概念用于衡量全球变暖对美国不同地区的影响。由此可知，“户外日”的概念是和气候问题有关的。故选B项。 6．What will fewer outdoor days lead to according to Choi? A．Drop in indoor activities. B．Attractiveness for the old. C．Lower quality of life. D．Growth in tourism industry. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中Choi所说的“It seems like the Southeast is suffering major losses in the number of outdoor days”及“This will affect people’s quality of life，and also the attractiveness of tourism and people who want to settle here when they get old.”可知，户外日的减少可能会影响人们的生活质量，也会影响当地旅游业的吸引力，以及影响那些希望在年老时定居于此的人们。故选C项。 7．What can we learn from Eltahir’s words? A．Climate change will take place later. B．“Outdoor days” leads to climate change. C．“Outdoor days” prevents people taking action. D．Effective plans are needed to fight climate change. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We hope this idea would lead to the development of sound，science-based plans to fight climate change.”可推知，Eltahir认为为了应对气候变化，需要制定有效的计划。故选D项。 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Outdoor Days：A New Concept to Enjoy Life B．Outdoor Days：A Measure on Climate Change C．Outdoor Days：A Way to Explain Seasonal Pattern D．Outdoor Days：A Method to Predict Tourism Direction 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。第一段提出了“户外日”的概念，即每年在一个特定的地方，温度不太热或不太冷，可以享受正常户外活动的天数。研究人员用这种方法来衡量全球变暖对美国不同地区的影响，后文主要介绍了研究的结果。故B选项“户外日：衡量气候变化的一个指标”最符合文章主旨。故选B项。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) (2025·北京房山高一上期末) Animals have their own unique ways of communicating，which play an important role in their survival and social interactions.The communication signals are various and have developed over countless generations，finely adjusted to meet their specific needs. 1 One common form of animal communication is through vocalizations.Birds are masters of this.For example，the melodious songs of nightingales aren’t just for our enjoyment.Males sing to mark their territory，warning other males to stay away. 2 The more powerful the song is，the more likely the female is to mate. 3 Wolves use a complex system of body postures.When a wolf holds its tail high and stiff，it shows its power in its group.In contrast，a relaxed，loosely wagging tail indicates a friendly mood.Submissive wolves，on the other hand，will lower their bodies，tuck their tails，and avoid direct eye contact，communicating their non-threatening status. Chemical signals，often in the form of pheromones(信息素)，are widely used too.Ants release pheromones along its way to lead fellow ants to food sources. 4 Female moths can detect the pheromones of male moths from miles away，enabling them to find each other for mating. Some animals even use visual displays.Peacocks(孔雀) spread their beautiful tails in a dazzling fan.This isn’t just for show; it’s a way to attract peahens during the breeding season. 5 The more brilliant the display is，the more likely they are to catch a female’s eye and pass on their genes. In conclusion，the animal kingdom’s communication systems are a wonder of nature.Understanding these communication methods gives us a fascinating peek into the animal kingdom’s hidden social lives. A．People recognize the signals suggesting changes. B．It’s like a map guiding them to find the destination. C．A wagging tail can mean friendliness or excitement. D．And another purpose is to catch the attention of a female. E．Body language is also an important way to communicate. F．The bright colors and patterns show good health and genetic quality. G．By understanding these signals，we can appreciate the animal world more easily. 1．答案　G 解析　根据上文“...The communication signals are various and have developed over countless generations，finely adjusted to meet their specific needs.”可知，动物有独特的交流方式，交流信号多种多样，经过无数代的演化发展，经过精细调整以满足其特定的需求。G选项“By understanding these signals，we can appreciate the animal world more easily.”承接上文，说明理解这些信号的意义，符合语境。故选G。 2．答案　D 解析　根据上文“Males sing to mark their territory，warning other males to stay away.”可知，雄性夜莺唱歌是为了标记自己的领地，警告其他雄性夜莺远离。根据下文“The more powerful the song is，the more likely the female is to mate.”可知，歌声越有力，雌性夜莺就越有可能与之交配。D选项“And another purpose is to catch the attention of a female.”说明雄性夜莺唱歌的另一个目的是引起雌性夜莺的注意，符合语境。故选D。 3．答案　E 解析　下文“Wolves use a complex system of body postures...”举例说明狼使用复杂的身体姿势系统来交流，如尾巴高高竖起且僵硬表示在群体中的权力，尾巴放松、轻轻摆动表示友好情绪等。E选项“Body language is also an important way to communicate.”引出下文关于狼通过肢体语言交流的内容。故选E。 4．答案　B 解析　根据上文“Ants release pheromones along its way to lead fellow ants to food sources.”可知，蚂蚁会沿途释放信息素，引导同伴找到食物来源。B选项“It’s like a map guiding them to find the destination.”把信息素比作地图，形象地说明了信息素对蚂蚁找到食物来源的引导作用，符合语境。故选B。 5．答案　F 解析　根据下文“The more brilliant the display is，the more likely they are to catch a female’s eye and pass on their genes.”可知，孔雀在繁殖季节展开美丽的尾巴，展示得越耀眼，就越有可能吸引雌孔雀的注意，并传递它们的基因。F选项“The bright colors and patterns show good health and genetic quality.”解释了孔雀尾巴展示的意义，即其鲜艳的颜色和图案所代表的含义，起到承上启下的作用。故选F。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) After my graduation from college，I was always worried about my financial(财务的) situation.Things changed when I got a job at a library and also accepted a part-time job.I became 1 about future.But how was I going to 2 two jobs at the same time? I thought，looking out of the window. A squirrel(松鼠) was making his way down a tree.It was 3 for him to climb up and down easily like other squirrels with a piece of bread in his mouth.How was he going to manage that? I held my breath and cheered him on in my 4 .He moved down with 5 ，holding onto the tree.When he finally 6 the ground，he pulled the bread behind him.His journey was not 7 yet，so he kept trying! It was 8 that this squirrel and I had a lot in common.I had my own bread to 9 and my own trees to climb.I moved from one 10 to another to follow the 11 of the squirrel’s action.Slowly but surely，he 12 it to the roadside and stopped to check on the traffic.Finally，the squirrel crossed the road 13 with his meal.When he entered the bushes，I cheered even though I couldn’t watch his next 14 .Then I went upstairs to get ready for the 15 before me.“You can do it，” I told myself. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者大学毕业后找到了工作，并接受了一份兼职工作，但作者担心自己不能同时胜任两份工作。一只松鼠的行动给了作者勇气和希望。 1．A.anxious B．confused C．bored D．hopeful 答案　D 解析　anxious焦虑的；confused困惑的；bored无聊的；hopeful充满希望的。根据上文可知，作者毕业后总是担心自己的经济情况，但在一个图书馆找到一份工作并接受兼职工作后，对未来充满了希望。故选D。 2．A.apply for B．clean up C．deal with D．give up 答案　C 解析　apply for申请；clean up打扫；deal with应对；give up放弃。根据下文“two jobs at the same time”可知，此处表示同时应对两份工作。故选C。 3．A.difficult B．necessary C．digital D．funny 答案　A 解析　difficult困难的；necessary必要的；digital数字的；funny有趣的。根据下文“for him to climb up and down easily like other squirrels with a piece of bread in his mouth”可知，嘴里叼着一块面包，轻松地爬上爬下对这只松鼠来说有点儿困难。故选A。 4．A.shelter B．mind C．system D．college 答案　B 解析　shelter避难所；mind大脑，心思；system系统；college大学。根据上文“I held my breath and cheered him on”可知，此处表示作者在心里为松鼠加油。故选B。 5．A.aid B．surprise C．character D．care 答案　D 解析　aid帮助；surprise惊讶；character性格；care小心。根据上文“It was for him to climb up and down easily like other squirrels with a piece of bread in his mouth.”可知，松鼠小心翼翼地抓着树往下爬。故选D。 6．A.flooded B．skied C．reached D．dug 答案　C 解析　flood大量涌入；ski滑雪；dig挖。根据上文“He moved down with ，holding onto the tree.”以及下文“Slowly but surely，he it to the roadside and stopped to check on the traffic.”可知，此处表示松鼠终于到达了地面。故选C。 7．A.finished B．exchanged C．preserved D．prepared 答案　A 解析　exchange交换；preserve保存；prepare准备。根据下文“so he kept trying”可知，松鼠的旅程还没结束，他还在继续努力。故选A。 8．A.impossible B．terrible C．convenient D．obvious 答案　D 解析　terrible可怕的；convenient方便的；obvious明显的。根据下文“I had my own bread to and my own trees to climb.”可知，作者将自己与松鼠的情况进行对比，很明显作者和松鼠有很多共同点。故选D。 9．A.search B．invent C．carry D．hurt 答案　C 解析　search搜索；invent发明；carry携带；hurt受伤。上文“It was for him to climb up and down easily like other squirrels with a piece of bread in his mouth.”可知，作者认为自己也像松鼠一样要带着面包。故选C。 10．A.tree B．window C．road D．lecture 答案　B 解析　road道路；lecture演讲。根据上文“I thought，looking out of the window.”可知，作者在看窗外时看到了松鼠，所以此处表示从一扇窗户移到另一扇窗户。故选B。 11．A.creation B．habit C．progress D．training 答案　C 解析　creation创造；habit习惯；progress进展；training训练。根据上文描写的作者观察松鼠叼着面包爬下树，以及下文“Slowly but surely，he it to the roadside and stopped to check on the traffic.Finally，the squirrel crossed the road with his meal.When he entered the bushes”可知，此处表示作者移动是为了观察松鼠行动的进展。故选C。 12．A.hid B．quit C．lent D．made 答案　D 解析　hide隐藏；quit退出；lend借出。根据下文“to the roadside”可知，此处表示松鼠带着面包成功到了路边。make it“成功”。故选D。 13．A.suddenly B．safely C．normally D．secretly 答案　B 解析　safely安全地；normally通常；secretly秘密地。根据上文“he it to the roadside and stopped to check on the traffic.Finally，the squirrel crossed the road”以及下文“When he entered the bushes”可知，此处表示松鼠安全地过了马路。故选B。 14．A.failure B．move C．proposal D．brick 答案　B 解析　failure失败；move行动；proposal提议；brick砖。根据“When he entered the bushes”可知，作者看不见松鼠的下一步行动了。故选B。 15．A.challenges B．disasters C．comments D．mistakes 答案　A 解析　challenge挑战；disaster灾难；comment评论；mistake错误。根据上文“But how was I going to two jobs at the same time？”以及下文“‘You can do it，’ I told myself.”可知，此处表示作者准备去迎接自己面临的挑战。故选A。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2025·江西南昌高一上期中) Harbin，1. (know) as the “Ice City”，is a charming city in northeastern China.As the capital of Heilongjiang Province，Harbin is famous for its unique Russian influence，evident in its architecture and culture. The average temperature in winter can drop to －16.8℃，2. provides the perfect conditions for one of the city’s most famous 3. (attract)—Harbin Ice and Snow World.Every winter，artists carve wonderful ice sculptures(雕刻品) from ice，creating a fairy-tale world.The Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival is 4. must-see event drawing visitors throughout the world. Harbin’s architecture is another highlight.The city is home 5. a wide range of architectural styles.Harbin Central Avenue，first built in 1898，is famous for its diverse European architectural styles，including Renaissance(文艺复兴)，Baraque(巴洛克)，and others，and is an 6.____________ (importance) example of this architectural diversity. Moreover，Harbin is a center for education and research.Harbin Institute of Technology，one of China’s top universities，7. (locate) here.It also has a strong industrial base，with the airplane，car，and tool manufacturing industries(制造工业) 8. (play) a significant role in its economy.The city’s mix of Chinese and Russian cultures makes it a fascinating place 9._______________ (explore) and understand the diverse history of China. In conclusion，Harbin 10. (perfect) combines natural beauty，historical significance，and modern development. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于中国东北的哈尔滨市的特色，包括其别称、著名景点、建筑风格、教育地位等。 1．答案　known 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，且Harbin与know之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰Harbin。故填known。 2．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．答案　attractions 解析　考查名词复数。“one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”为固定用法，表示“最……之一”，所以应用名词复数attractions，表示“景点”。故填attractions。 4．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。此处表示“一个必须观看的活动”，应用不定冠词，且must-see是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 5．答案　to 解析　考查介词。be home to为固定短语，意为“是……的所在地”。故填to。 6．答案　important 解析　考查形容词。本空修饰名词example，所以此处应用形容词important，表示“重要的”，作定语。故填important。 7．答案　is located 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，所以时态应用一般现在时，句子主语Harbin Institute of Technology和locate是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以be动词用is。故填is located。 8．答案　playing 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构，且the airplane，car，and tool manufacturing industries(制造工业)与动词play为主动关系，所以此处应用现在分词作宾补。故填playing。 9．答案　to explore 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本空应填非谓语动词，在句中作后置定语，修饰名词place。place后常跟不定式作后置定语。故填to explore。 10．答案　perfectly 解析　考查副词。本空修饰动词combines，应用副词perfectly“完美地”，作状语。故填perfectly。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $