2027届高考英语二轮复习-语法填空专题讲义-浙江卷-真题命题逻辑解码与提分策略

2026-08-03
| 2份
| 67页
| 403人阅读
| 10人下载
普通

摘要:

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦浙江卷语法填空专题,整合2021-2026年真题考点,以谓语动词、非谓语动词、词性转换等高频考点为核心,通过命题趋势分析、提分策略指导、真题深度解码等环节,构建系统性复习框架,助力学生突破难点。 讲义创新运用“逻辑主语+主被动+功能”三维判断法、词性转换“后缀地图”等策略,如非谓语动词训练结合语境分析,培养学生语言能力与思维品质。配套真题考点分布、易错预判及长难句拆解,为教师提供精准复习指导,有效提升学生应试效率。

内容正文:

2027届高考英语二轮复习-语法填空专题讲义-浙江卷-真题命题逻辑解码与提分策略 浙江卷覆盖年份:2021-2026 命题趋势分析与教学建议 1. 考点分布统计与趋势 原生词性 考查方向 考查功能 2026.1 2025.1 2024.1 2023.1 2022.6 2022.1 2021.6 2021.1 总计 名词 词性转换 名词变形容词 - - - 1 1 - - - 2 名词变动词 - - - - - - - - - 词形转换 名词复数 1 1 - 1 - - - - 3 名词所有格 - 1 - - - - - 1 2 名词变名词 - - - - - - - - - 动词 词性转换 动词变名词 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 6 动词变形容词 - - - - 1 - - - 1 词形转换 谓语动词 - 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 15 非谓语动词 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 14 形 容 词 词性转换 形容词变副词 1 - - 1 - 1 - - 3 形容词变名词 - - - - 1 - - 1 2 形容词&副词 词形转换 比较级 - - - 1 - - 1 1 3 最高级 - - - - - - - - - 否定词 - - - - - - - - - 代词 词形转换 主格变其它 - - 1 - - - 1 - 2 冠词 句法逻辑 a / an / the 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 7 连词 句法逻辑 并列连词 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 7 从属连词 1 1 2 - - 2 - 1 7 介词 句法逻辑 固定搭配等 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 6 2. 教学启示与备考策略 策略一:构建“谓语动词时态语态”核心模块,严防高频失分 谓语动词是浙江卷的绝对核心考点,8次考试累计15次考查,涵盖一般过去时(featured、noticed、was、sold)、现在完成时(has proved、have started、have promised)、被动语态(is considered、was painted、be appreciated、were permitted、be offered)等多种时态语态形式。建议以“时间标志词→时态”对应法为核心,重点训练:(1) since/Over the last...→现在完成时;(2) at that time/in 1844→一般过去时;(3) 情态动词后→原形被动。同时强化主谓一致判断(复数主语+复数谓语)。 策略二:构建“非谓语动词功能分类法” 非谓语动词累计考查14次,是浙江卷第二大高频考点。按功能分类突破:(1) 作宾语/宾补(to finish、being pushed、returning)——训练“固定搭配+结构识别”;(2) 作定语(to rent、designed、studied、living)——训练“前置/后置+主被动”;(3) 作状语(surrounded、Drawn、to plant、to benefit)——训练“主被动+逻辑主语”判断;(4) 独立主格(watching、building)——训练“独立主语+主动/被动”识别。建议以“逻辑主语+主被动+功能”三维判断法系统训练。 策略三:词性转换“后缀地图”体系化突破 词性转换(跨词性)累计考查11次,涵盖动词变名词(excite→excitement、solve→solution、criticize→criticism、marry→marriage、invite→invitation、independent→independence)、形容词变副词(seeming→seemingly、original→originally、sharp→sharply、rough→roughly)、名词变形容词(space→spacious)、动词变形容词(exist→existing、sight→sighted)四大方向。建议按“后缀地图”分类梳理:-ment/-tion/-age/-ence(动→名)、-ly(形→副)、-ous/-ing/-ed(名/动→形),配套“词根+语境”推测训练。 策略四:冠词+介词+连词“三轨排查”体系 除2021年1月外,其余7次均考查冠词,以定冠词the的特指用法为主(the+专有名词、the other、the+姓氏复数、the+形容词表类人),不定冠词a/an的泛指用法也有涉及。介词累计6次,以固定搭配为主(in one's arms、focus on、at age、increase by、buy...for+价格)。连词累计考查并列连词7次、从属连词7次,定语从句关系代词(who/that/which)和宾语从句引导词是常年热点。建议建立“冠词决策树”、“介词搭配库”和“从句引导词判断流程”。 策略五:填补“名词所有格/比较级/代词”三大低频考点盲区 浙江卷8年间名词所有格考查2次(people’s、person’s),形容词比较级考查3次(smaller、simpler、lower),代词考查2次(herself、ones)。虽然频率不高,但这些考点往往是“送分题”型,一旦失分代价极高。建议:(1) 名词所有格——重点训练’s规则;(2) 比较级——关注并列语境中的比较信号词,如much+比较级+than结构;(3) 代词——反身代词(she→herself)、代词复数(one→ones)需纳入常规训练。此外,否定连词neither...nor...与either...or...的区分也是浙江卷特色考点。 【2026年1月】日常温情与情感认知 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值/详情 难度解读 题材 记叙文 记叙文体裁,情节推进明确,情感线索丰富,阅读门槛中等 话题范畴 人与自我 对应“家庭生活与情感体验”子主题 文本长度 206词 / 10句 中篇精读,篇幅符合高考语法填空标准范围 平均句长 20.6词 句式适中,长短句交替,有节奏感 可读性等级 9.06 文本有一定结构化难度,专有名词与文化词汇提升门槛 词汇覆盖率 80.2% 课标词汇覆盖率较高,阅读基础门槛低 难度深度解读 表层难度:记叙文体裁,以母子日常互动为叙事线索,语言贴近生活,情感主题易引发共鸣,整体阅读门槛较低。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 非谓语动词三种功能同篇考查:不定式to finish(固定搭配wait for...to do)、现在分词watching(独立主格结构)、动名词被动being pushed(remember doing被动式),三种非谓语功能各异,学生需在有限语境中快速判断逻辑关系。 2. 词性转换与名词化陷阱:excite→excitement(动词变名词,-ment后缀),seeming→seemingly(形容词变副词,-ly规则),学生易在词形拼写上失分。 3. 定语从句关系代词与并列连词判断:that/which引导定语从句修饰a scream,and连接两个并列独立主格结构,需准确识别句法功能。 备考启示:记叙文语境下的非谓语动词多功能辨析是二轮复习重点,建议以“逻辑主语+主被动+功能”三维判断法强化训练。 二、真题原题 There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) (1) ___________ (finish) heating, but my mum did it. One of my earliest memories is being held (2) ___________ her arms, counting down the flashing green (3) ___________ (number) together. Mum is small, but I remember feeling so high up there. She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes (4) ___________ (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, (5) ___________ (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream (6) ___________ always ended in laughter. My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks. I remember (7) ___________ (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over (8) ___________ uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. She would speed up, the wind blowing our hair back (9) ___________ my tiny voice singing out, “Weeee-eee-eee!” I realise now that Mum didn’t find the joy in these tasks: she created it. Who cares if neighbours can hear you singing along to a microwave? Life is full of so many (10) ___________ (seeming) uneventful moments, but we can turn any of them into a celebration. 【答案】to finish; in; numbers; watching; excitement; that/which; being pushed; the; and; seemingly 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者回忆童年时与母亲一起度过的快乐时光,以及母亲如何将平凡的日常活动变得充满乐趣。 (1) 考查非谓语动词。句意:很少有人能在等待微波炉加热完成时找到乐趣,但我妈妈却能。who引导的定语从句的谓语为could find,此处为非谓语动词,wait for sb/sth to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“等待某人/某物做某事”,所以用finish的不定式形式to finish,作宾语补足语。故填to finish。 (2) 考查介词。句意:我最早的记忆之一是被妈妈抱在怀里,一起倒数闪烁的绿色数字。固定搭配in one’s arms表示“在某人的怀里”。故填in。 (3) 考查名词复数。句意:我最早的记忆之一是被妈妈抱在怀里,一起倒数闪烁的绿色数字。number“数字”是可数名词,此处指多个数字,应用复数形式,作宾语。故填numbers。 (4) 考查非谓语动词。句意:她带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞,我们的眼睛盯着微波炉,就像它是一艘太空火箭的倒计时,兴奋和紧张一直持续到最后一刻:哔!本句已有谓语动词would dance,此处为独立主格结构,our eyes与watch之间为主动关系,用现在分词表主动。故填 watching。 (5) 考查名词。句意:她会带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞,我们的眼睛盯着微波炉,仿佛那是火箭发射的倒计时,兴奋和紧张的情绪在最后一刻不断累积:叮!本空与后面的tension为并列关系,共同作主语,需用excite的名词形式excitement“兴奋”。故填excitement。 (6) 考查定语从句。句意:微波炉的警报声很大,但我们用自己的表演掩盖了那个声音,仰起头对着天空大喊——一声尖叫总是以笑声结束。本空引导定语从句,先行词是a scream,指物,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 (7) 考查非谓语动词。句意:我记得坐在超市的手推车里,被人推着,在凹凸不平的停车场地面上就像坐过山车一样。remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”,且I与push“推”之间为被动关系,需用动名词的被动形式,作宾语。故填being pushed。 (8) 考查冠词。句意:我记得坐在在超市的手推车里被推着,在凹凸不平的停车场地面就像坐过山车一样。此处特指超市所在停车场的地面(语境隐含双方共知),应用定冠词the。故填the。 (9) 考查连词。句意:她会加速,风吹着我们的头发向后飘,而我小小的声音喊着:“呜呜呜!”本空连接两个并列的独立主格结构the wind blowing our hair back和my tiny voice singing out为并列关系,用and连接。故填and。 (10) 考查副词。句意:生活中充满了许多看似平淡无奇的时刻,但我们可以把其中任何一个变成庆祝。此处修饰形容词uneventful,应用副词seemingly“看似”,作状语。故填seemingly。 三、考点分布统计:6实4虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (不定式 to finish 作宾补) 误填 finishing 或 finished,未识别 wait for...to do 固定搭配 2 无提示词 介词 固定搭配(in one’s arms) 误填 with/by,搭配记忆不牢 3 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词复数(number→numbers) 漏写 -s,忽略复数语境 4 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (现在分词 watching 独立主格) 误填 watched 或 watch,未识别独立主格主动关系 5 有提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(excite→excitement) 误写 exciteful 或 excitation 等错误形式 6 无提示词 句法逻辑 that/which 引导定语从句 误填 where/when,未识别从句缺主语 7 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (动名词被动 being pushed) 误填 pushing,未识别 remember doing 的被动关系 8 无提示词 冠词 定冠词 the + 特指名词 漏填或误填 a,未识别特指语境 9 无提示词 句法逻辑 并列连词 and 连接独立主格 误填 but/while,未识别并列关系 10 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变副词(seeming→seemingly) 误写 seemingful 等错误形式,或漏写 -ly 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 joy /dʒɔɪ/ n. 2 trolley /ˈtrɒli/ n. 3 uneven /ʌnˈiːvn/ adj. 4 countdown /ˈkaʊntdaʊn/ n. 5 tension /ˈtenʃn/ n. 6 scream /skriːm/ v./n. 7 performance /pəˈfɔːməns/ n. 8 celebration /ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn/ n. 9 seemingly /ˈsiːmɪŋli/ adv. 10 uneventful /ˌʌnɪˈventfl/ adj. 11 find joy in / / 12 count down / / 13 tip one’s head back / / 14 overshadow / / 15 turn...into / / 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 joy /dʒɔɪ/ n. 欢乐;喜悦 2 trolley /ˈtrɒli/ n. 手推车;有轨电车 3 uneven /ʌnˈiːvn/ adj. 不平坦的;不均匀的 4 countdown /ˈkaʊntdaʊn/ n. 倒计时 5 tension /ˈtenʃn/ n. 紧张;张力 6 scream /skriːm/ v./n. 尖叫;喊叫 7 performance /pəˈfɔːməns/ n. 表演;表现 8 celebration /ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn/ n. 庆祝;庆典 9 seemingly /ˈsiːmɪŋli/ adv. 看似;表面上 10 uneventful /ˌʌnɪˈventfl/ adj. 平淡无奇的;无事的 11 find joy in / / 在……中找到乐趣 12 count down / / 倒数;倒计时 13 tip one's head back / / 仰起头 14 overshadow / / 遮盖;使黯然失色 15 turn...into / / 把……变成 五、长难句拆解 She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes watching the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, excitement and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干:主语 She;谓语 would dance;宾语 us;方向状语 left and right around the kitchen ● 独立主格结构:our eyes watching the microwave...(现在分词 watching 表主动,our eyes 为逻辑主语) ● 独立主格结构:excitement and tension building to that final moment(现在分词 building 表主动,excitement and tension 为逻辑主语) ● 介词短语:around the kitchen(地点状语);to that final moment(方向/目标) ● 句意:她会带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞,我们的眼睛盯着微波炉,就像它是太空火箭的倒计时,兴奋和紧张一直持续到最后一刻:哔! 【2025年1月】时尚环保与共享经济 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 说明文 说明文体裁,引语穿插,概念抽象,逻辑层次丰富 话题范畴 人与社会 对应“可持续发展与共享经济”子主题 文本长度 217词/8句 中偏长,长句占比较高,信息密度大 平均句长 27.13词 句式偏长,复合句密集,阅读理解门槛较高 可读性等级 13.97 可读性等级偏高,复杂句式与学术用语增加理解负担 词汇覆盖率 78.4% 课标词汇覆盖率较高,但抽象概念词与商业用语增加理解门槛 难度深度解读 表层难度:说明文体裁,以澳大利亚服装租赁服务为话题,涉及共享经济概念,引语穿插增加信息层次,但核心概念有一定抽象性。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 不定式作定语与动名词作宾语同篇出现:to rent作后置定语修饰clothes(主动表被动),returning作mean的宾语(mean doing=意味着),两种非谓语功能需精准区分。 2. 词性转换陷阱:solve→solution(动词变名词,-tion后缀),学生易写出solvation等错误形式;名词所有格people's容易被遗漏。 3. 定语从句which指代整句内容:非限制性定语从句which指代前面整个句子内容,学生容易误填that或where。 备考启示:商业/环保类说明文是浙江卷高频题型,建议强化“非谓语功能分类法”训练,同时关注抽象名词派生规律。 二、真题原题 The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of (1) __________ new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer (2) __________ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. “I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead (3) __________ the fact that they have something unique to wear (4) __________ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.” Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women (5) __________ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive (6) __________ (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept (7) __________ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies. Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, (8) __________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for (9) __________ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean (10) __________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】a;times;on;and;to rent;solution;is;which;people’s;returning 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了服装租赁服务在澳大利亚兴起的现象。 (1) 考查冠词。句意:时尚在经济和环境方面的代价催生了一种新的穿衣方式,这种方式也开始在澳大利亚流行起来。可数名词way在句中表示“一种方式”,泛指,且new发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 (2) 考查名词。句意:由于人们现在选择少穿的衣服更多了,服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time表示“次数〞时是可数名词,fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。故填times。 (3) 考查介词。句意:如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手的这一事实,而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿,并且不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当,也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。focus on是固定短语,意为“关注,聚焦于”。故填on。 (4) 考查连词。句意:如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手的这一事实,而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿,并且不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当,也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。"have something unique to wear"和“are not over stuffing their own wardrobes…"是并列关系,have和are是谓语动词,应用连词and连接。故填and。 (5) 考查非谓语动词。句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁,而不是让她们直接购买,为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。“for women_____ (rent)”作后置定语,修饰名词词组fashion clothes,意为“女性租赁的衣服”,用不定式to rent作后置定语,主动表被动。故填to rent。 (6) 考查名词。句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁,而不是让她们直接购买,为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语,用名词solution,意“解决方案”,有冠词a修饰,用单数形式。故填solution。 (7) 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来,男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说,它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语,句子陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,主语The concept是单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。 (8) 考查定语从句。句意:坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装,而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服,她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱,提供给旅行者,比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人,并提供更长期的租赁服务。“she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词less formal clothing,指物,关系词将其代入从句中作宾语,应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 (9) 考查名词所有格。句意:我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活,我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。提示词修饰名词lives,需用名词所有格people’s,作定语。故填people’s。 (10) 考查非谓语动词。句意:我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活,我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。根据句意,表示“意味着……”,用固定搭配mean doing sth.,意为“意味着做某事”,用动名词作宾语。故填returning。 三、考点分布统计:6实4虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 无提示词 冠词 不定冠词 a + 抽象名词 漏填或误填 the,忽略泛指语境 2 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词复数(time→times) 误写 time 原形,忽略 fewer 后接复数 3 无提示词 固定搭配 focus on(关注) 误填 in/at,搭配记忆不牢 4 无提示词 句法逻辑 并列连词 and 连接并列谓语 误填 but/or,未识别顺承关系 5 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (不定式 to rent 作定语) 误填 renting 或 rented,未识别不定式主动表被动 6 有提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(solve→solution) 误写 solvation 等错误名词形式 7 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般现在时 is) 误写 are,忽略主语 The concept 为单数 8 无提示词 句法逻辑 which 引导非限制性定语从句 误填 that/where,未识别非限定从句指代整句 9 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词所有格(people→people’s) 漏写 's,或误写 peoples' 10 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (动名词 returning 作宾语) 误填 to return,混淆 mean doing 与 mean to do 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 rental /ˈrentl/ n./adj. 2 purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v./n. 3 wardrobe /ˈwɔːdrəʊb/ n. 4 capsule /ˈkæpsjuːl/ n./adj. 5 outright /ˈaʊtraɪt/ adv. 6 unique /juˈniːk/ adj. 7 solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 8 landfill /ˈlændfɪl/ n. 9 concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 10 occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/ n. 11 take off / / 12 focus on / / 13 rather than / / 14 second-hand / / 15 look beyond / / 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 rental /ˈrentl/ n./adj. 租赁;出租的 2 purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v./n. 购买;采购 3 wardrobe /ˈwɔːdrəʊb/ n. 衣柜;全部衣物 4 capsule /ˈkæpsjuːl/ n./adj. 胶囊;精简的 5 outright /ˈaʊtraɪt/ adv. 直接地;彻底地 6 unique /juˈniːk/ adj. 独特的;独一无二的 7 solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 解决方案;解答 8 landfill /ˈlændfɪl/ n. 垃圾填埋场 9 concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 概念;观念 10 occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/ n. 场合;时机 11 take off / / 兴起;腾飞 12 focus on / / 关注;聚焦于 13 rather than / / 而不是 14 second-hand / / 二手的 15 look beyond / / 着眼于更远 五、长难句拆解 Customers today look past the fact that something is second-hand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干:主语 Customers;并列谓语 look past...and focus instead on... ● 介词短语:past the fact(宾语);on the fact(宾语);to landfill(方向) ● 非谓语动词:to wear(不定式作后置定语修饰 something);overstuffing/contributing(动名词,与 have 并列) ● 同位语从句:that something is second-hand(解释 the fact);that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing...(解释 the fact) ● 句意:如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手的这一事实,而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿,并且不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当,也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。 【2024年1月】消费现象与生活智慧 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 说明文 说明文体裁,论证层次分明,生活场景贴近,语言实用性强 话题范畴 人与社会 对应“消费观念与生活智慧”子主题 文本长度 237词/14句 中偏长,句数较多,信息点密集 平均句长 16.93词 句式适中,长短句交替,有节奏感 可读性等级 7.94 可读性较低,文本结构化难度不大 词汇覆盖率 75% 课标词汇覆盖率较高,阅读基础门槛低 难度深度解读 表层难度:说明文体裁,以超市购物为话题,生活场景贴近学生日常,文本可读性较低,整体理解难度不大。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 非谓语动词多功能考查:to benefit(不定式作目的状语)、be offered(情态动词被动)、designed(过去分词作后置定语),三种非谓语形式功能各异。 2. 谓语动词时态综合判断:have started(现在完成时,Over the last two years提示)、be offered(情态动词被动),时态与语态叠加增加判断难度。 3. 名词性从句与定语从句混合考查:what引导表语从句(that's what they'll promote),that/which引导定语从句修饰way,两类从句需精准区分。 备考启示:生活类说明文是浙江卷常见题型,建议强化“非谓语动词功能分类法”和“从句引导词决策树”训练。 二、真题原题 The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (1) ___________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home (2) ___________ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way (3) ___________ will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s (4) ___________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the (5) ___________ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes (6) ___________ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets (7) ___________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs (8) ___________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份) . Then, when you use one section, (9) ___________ other stays fresh. Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking (10) ___________ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. 【答案】to benefit;or;that/which;what;criticism;be offered;have started;designed;the;ones 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了超市促销所推行的家庭装或多次购买策略不再受欢迎,相反散装或小包装商品更受顾客青睐。 (1) 考查动词不定式。句意:然而,如果你是想买一件,那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据"buying extra"和"from price reductions"可知,此处是指多买一件来享受降价,所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 (2) 考查固定句式。句意:要么你买的东西太重,搬不回家,要么你买的东西还新鲜,就不能用了。either...or...意为"要么……要么……",为固定句式,所以此处应用连词or。故填or。 (3) 考查定语从句。句意:当然,商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为way,所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 (4) 考查名词性从句。句意:如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买,那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语,且是指事物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 (5) 考查名词。句意:许多超市不再进行"买一送一"的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据"that they lead to waste"可知,此处应用名词criticism表示"批评"作宾语。故填criticism。 (6) 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:然而,虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事,但如果有时能以小包装出售,那就更好了。动词offer意为"提供",和主语构成被动关系,主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 (7) 考查现在完成时。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。根据"Over the last two years"可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为"开始"。故填have started。 (8) 考查过去分词。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。动词design意为"设计",和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 (9) 考查冠词。句意:然后,当你使用其中一部分时,另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为"另一个",为固定搭配,所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。 (10) 考查代词。句意:谁知道呢,也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列"只为你"的包装尺寸,并提供特别优惠。代词one意为"一个人",在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。 三、考点分布统计:7实3虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (不定式 to benefit 作目的状语) 误填 benefiting,未识别目的状语功能 2 无提示词 句法逻辑 固定句式 either...or... 误填 and/but,未识别选择关系 3 无提示词 句法逻辑 that/which 引导定语从句 误填 where,未识别从句缺主语 4 有提示词 句法逻辑 what 引导表语从句 误填 that/which,混淆名词性从句与定语从句 5 有提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(criticize→criticism) 误写 criticize 原形或 critic,忽略名词需求 6 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (情态动词被动 be offered) 误填 offered 或 being offered,忽略情态动词后接原形 7 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (现在完成时 have started) 误填 started,忽略 Over the last two years 时间标志 8 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (过去分词 designed 作后置定语) 误填 designing,未识别被动关系 9 无提示词 冠词 定冠词 the + 固定搭配(the other) 漏填或误填 a,忽略固定搭配 10 有提示词 代词 代词复数(one→ones) 误填 one 原形,忽略 some of 后接复数 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 reduction /rɪˈdʌkʃn/ n. 2 promotion /prəˈməʊʃn/ n. 3 charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 4 quantity /ˈkwɒntəti/ n. 5 criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/ n. 6 individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ adj./n. 7 produce /ˈprɒdjuːs/ n. 8 forward-looking /ˌfɔːwəd ˈlʊkɪŋ/ adj. 9 disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 10 sausage /ˈsɒsɪdʒ/ n. 11 make sense / / 12 buy one get one free / / 13 come out with / / 14 out of pocket / / 15 rather than / / 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 reduction /rɪˈdʌkʃn/ n. 减少;降价 2 promotion /prəˈməʊʃn/ n. 促销;晋升 3 charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善机构;慈善 4 quantity /ˈkwɒntəti/ n. 数量;大量 5 criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/ n. 批评;评论 6 individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ adj./n. 个别的;个人 7 produce /ˈprɒdjuːs/ n. 农产品 8 forward-looking /ˌfɔːwəd ˈlʊkɪŋ/ adj. 有前瞻性的 9 disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 失望;令人失望的事 10 sausage /ˈsɒsɪdʒ/ n. 香肠 11 make sense / / 有意义;讲得通 12 buy one get one free / / 买一送一 13 come out with / / 推出;发布 14 out of pocket / / 自掏腰包;亏钱 15 rather than / / 而不是 五、长难句拆解 However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes be offered in smaller packs. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干:主句 it would help even more(it为形式主语) ● 非谓语动词:to get(不定式作真正主语) ● 条件状语从句:if they could sometimes be offered in smaller packs(被动语态) ● 让步状语从句:though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages ● 句意:然而,虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事,但如果有时能以小包装出售,那就更好了。 【2023年1月】历史文化与城市发展 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 说明文 说明文体裁,历史背景丰富,文化专有名词密集,逻辑层次清晰 话题范畴 人与社会 对应“传统文化与城市发展”子主题 文本长度 200词/11句 中篇精读,篇幅符合高考语法填空标准范围 平均句长 18.18词 句式适中,长短句交替,有节奏感 可读性等级 11.91 可读性等级偏高,复杂句式与学术用语增加理解负担 词汇覆盖率 54.2% 词汇覆盖率偏低,超纲词与文化专有名词构成主要障碍 难度深度解读 表层难度:说明文体裁,以北京胡同为话题,历史文化背景丰富,但专有名词密集(Forbidden City、Yuan Dynasty等),词汇覆盖率偏低,阅读门槛较高。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 非谓语动词与谓语动词混合考查:surrounded(过去分词作状语,被动关系)、were permitted(一般过去时被动谓语)、featured(一般过去时谓语),学生需在历史叙事语境中精准区分谓语与非谓语。 2. 词性转换跨度大:original→originally(形容词变副词)、space→spacious(名词变形容词,-ous后缀),词形变化规则非常规。 3. 文化专有名词理解门槛:Forbidden City、Inner City、Outer City、siheyuan等文化词汇密集,需要跨文化理解能力。 备考启示:历史文化类文本词汇覆盖率偏低,建议在二轮复习中加强“文化主题词汇库”建设,同时强化谓语/非谓语动词的时态语态综合判断。 二、真题原题 During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing (1) __________ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, (2) __________ (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (3) __________ (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens ofhigher social classes (4) __________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often (5) __________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (6) __________ (space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (7) __________ (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history (8) __________ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic (9) __________ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect (10) __________ culture of grassroots Beijingers. 【答案】and;originally;surrounded;were permitted;featured;spacious;simpler/more simple;as;events;the 【解析】本文为说明文,主要介绍了北京的胡同,包括由来、规模以及相关的历史意义。 (1) 考查连词。句意:在中国的王朝时期,皇帝们规划了北京城 根据社会阶层安排了居住区。结合句意可知,此处前后谓语动词planned和arranged为并列关系,需用并列连词进行连接,故填and。 (2) 考查副词之词性转换。句意:“胡同”一词最初在蒙古语中意思是“水井”,最早出现于元朝。此处用副词作状语修饰动词meaning,将提示词形容词original变成对应的副词形式,故填originally。 (3) 考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,由内城和外城围绕形成成同心圆。句中已有谓语动词was,故空格处为非谓语动词。逻辑主语the Forbidden City与surround之间是被动关系,需要使用过去分词作状语,将提示词surround变化成过去分词形式,故填surrounded。 (4) 考查动词时态语态及主谓一致。句意:更高社会阶层的公民被允许居住在离圈子中心更近的地方。结合句意可知,此处在讲述过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。分析句子,可知,主语为Citizens,是一个复数概念,因此谓语动词需用复数形式,且与permit之间是被动关系,故填were permitted。 (5) 考查动词时态。句意:这些高官和富商的大四合院通常以雕刻精美、彩绘精美的屋顶梁柱为特色。结合句意和并列连词后的painted可知,句子用一般过去时,需将提示词feature变成过去式,故填featured。 (6) 考查形容词之词性转换。句意:他们形成的条条胡同井然有序,两旁是宽敞的房屋和围墙花园。空后为homes,是一个名词,此处需用形容词作定语修饰名词,需将提示词space变成对应的形容词形式,故填spacious。 (7) 考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模小得多,设计和装饰也更简单,胡同也更窄。结合句意和空前的smaller可知,此处需用比较级,故填simpler/more simple。 (8) 考查介词。句意:由于北京 中国首都有着悠久的历史,几乎每一条胡同都有它的故事。此处缺少“作为”首都的含义,可使用as表示“作为”的概念,在此处是一个介词,故填as。 (9) 考查可数名词单复数。句意:由于北京作为中国首都的悠久历史,几乎每一条胡同都有它的故事,有些甚至与历史事件有关。结合句意可知,此处是一个泛指的概念,因此需要用名词的复数形式,故填events。 (10) 考查冠词。句意:与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化不同,胡同反映的是北京草根阶层的文化。空后的名词culture有of介词短语进行修饰限定,同时结合句意可知,此处表示特指概念,故需用定冠词,故填the。 三、考点分布统计:7实3虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 无提示词 句法逻辑 并列连词 and 连接并列谓语 误填 but/while,未识别 planned 与 arranged 的并列关系 2 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变副词(original→originally) 误写 original 原形,忽略副词修饰 meaning 的需求 3 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (过去分词 surrounded 作状语) 误填 surrounding,未识别被动关系 4 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般过去时被动 were permitted) 误填 was permitted,忽略 Citizens 复数主语 5 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般过去时 featured) 误填 features,忽略过去时态语境 6 有提示词 词性转换 名词变形容词(space→spacious) 误写 spaceful 或 spacey 等错误形式 7 有提示词 形容词&副词词形转换 比较级(simple→simpler) 误填 more simple 或 simple 原形,忽略比较语境 8 无提示词 介词 介词 as 表"作为" 误填 for/in,未识别“作为首都”的含义 9 无提示词 名词词形转换 名词复数(event→events) 漏写 -s,忽略泛指语境 10 无提示词 冠词 定冠词 the + 特指(the culture of...) 漏填或误填 a,未识别 of 短语限定特指 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 dynastic /dɪˈnæstɪk/ adj. 2 residential /ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/ adj. 3 concentric /kənˈsentrɪk/ adj. 4 pillar /ˈpɪlə(r)/ n. 5 spacious /ˈspeɪʃəs/ adj. 6 commoner /ˈkɒmənə(r)/ n. 7 grassroots /ˌɡrɑːsˈruːts/ adj. 8 emperor /ˈempərə(r)/ n. 9 originally /əˈrɪdʒənəli/ adv. 10 represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ v. 11 according to / / 12 thanks to / / 13 in contrast to / / 14 associate with / / 15 date back to / / 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 dynastic /dɪˈnæstɪk/ adj. 王朝的;朝代的 2 residential /ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/ adj. 住宅的;居住的 3 concentric /kənˈsentrɪk/ adj. 同心的;同轴的 4 pillar /ˈpɪlə(r)/ n. 柱子;支柱 5 spacious /ˈspeɪʃəs/ adj. 宽敞的;广阔的 6 commoner /ˈkɒmənə(r)/ n. 平民;普通人 7 grassroots /ˌɡrɑːsˈruːts/ adj. 草根的;基层的 8 emperor /ˈempərə(r)/ n. 皇帝 9 originally /əˈrɪdʒənəli/ adv. 最初;起初 10 represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ v. 代表;表现 11 according to / / 根据;按照 12 thanks to / / 由于;多亏了 13 in contrast to / / 与……形成对比 14 associate with / / 与……有关联 15 date back to / / 追溯到 五、长难句拆解 In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干:主语 the hutongs;谓语 reflect;宾语 the culture of grassroots Beijingers ● 并列结构:the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven(三个并列专有名词) ● 非谓语动词:represented by...(过去分词作后置定语,修饰 court life and upper-class culture) ● 介词短语:In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture(对比状语) ● 句意:与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化不同,胡同反映的是北京草根阶层的文化。 【2022年6月】艺术感知与无障碍体验 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 说明文 说明文体裁,科普性强,专业术语密集,引语穿插增加层次 话题范畴 人与社会 对应“艺术欣赏与无障碍体验”子主题 文本长度 193词/12句 中篇精读,篇幅符合高考语法填空标准范围 平均句长 16.08词 句式适中,长短句交替,有节奏感 可读性等级 7.25 可读性较低,文本结构化难度不大 词汇覆盖率 69.7% 课标外词汇存在隐性门槛,需关注话题词汇积累 难度深度解读 表层难度:说明文体裁,以触觉画与盲人艺术体验为话题,科普性较强,但专业术语(neuroplasticity、visual cortex)增加理解难度。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 情态动词被动与词性转换叠加:be appreciated(情态动词被动语态)、photograph→photographer(动词变名词,-er后缀表人)、exist→existing(动词变形容词),三类转换规则各异。 2. 词性转换多向考查:sight→sighted(名词/动词变形容词)、independent→independence(形容词变名词,-ence后缀),学生易混淆词性方向。 3. 专业术语理解门槛:neuroplasticity(神经可塑性)、visual cortex(视觉皮层)等学术用语超出课标范围,需要语境推测能力。 备考启示:科普类文本的专业术语是隐性拉分点,建议在二轮复习中加强“语境推测词义”策略训练,同时巩固词性转换后缀体系。 二、真题原题 To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting (1) _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not (2) _________ (do). John Olson, a former (3) _________ (photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. The tactile (可触知的) paintings work as a way to show art to (4) _________ blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity — the brain’s adaptability — shows that the visual cortex (大脑皮层) is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their (5) _________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of (6) _________ (sight) people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly (7) _________ age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa”, he (8) _________ (notice) her smile right away. “I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. For Luc, this means (9) _________ (independent). “The feeling of being able to see it _________ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” 【答案】be appreciated;to do;photographer;the;existing;sighted;at;noticed;independence;and 【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。 (1) 考查动词的语态和情态动词。句意:但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢?主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系,且置于情态动词can 之后,所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。 (2) 考查非谓语动词。句意:通过触摸,这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。 (3) 考查词性转换和名词的数。句意:约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师,他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。前有冠词a和形容词former,故此处为单数名词做主语,根据句意表示"摄影师",故填photographer。 (4) 考查冠词。句意:触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式,因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看;我们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”,“the+形容词”表示一类人。故填the。 (5) 考查词性转换。句意:一名哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语,修饰sense,意为“现在的,现有的”。故填existing。 (6) 考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people,表示"能看见的、不盲的"。故填sighted。 (7) 考查介词。句意:Luc Gandarias今年13岁,7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时,用介词at。故填at。 (8) 考查动词时态。句意:当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时,他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据"he felt"可知,本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 (9) 考查词性转换。句意:对卢克来说,这意味着独立。该空作mean的宾语,结合含义,此处为抽象名词,不可数。故填independence。 (10) 考查连词。句意:(作为一个盲人)能够看到它并形成自己的观点的感觉,就像是推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知,to see it和to form my opinion为并列关系,所以用and来连接。故填and。 三、考点分布统计:6实4虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 无提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (情态动词被动 be appreciated) 误填 appreciated 或 being appreciated,忽略情态动词后接原形 2 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (不定式 to do 作宾语) 误填 doing,混淆 tell sb not to do 搭配 3 有提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(photograph→photographer) 误写 photograph 原形,忽略"人"的后缀 -er 4 无提示词 冠词 定冠词 the + 形容词表类人(the blind) 漏填或误填 a,忽略 the+adj. 表一类人 5 有提示词 词性转换 动词变形容词(exist→existing) 误写 existent 或 exist 原形 6 有提示词 词性转换 动词变形容词(sight→sighted) 误写 sightful 或 sightly 等错误形式 7 无提示词 介词 介词 at + 年龄(at age seven) 误填 in/on,搭配记忆不牢 8 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般过去时 noticed) 误填 notices 或 has noticed,忽略过去时态语境 9 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变名词(independent→independence) 误写 independency 或 independent 原形 10 无提示词 句法逻辑 并列连词 and 连接不定式 误填 or/but,未识别 to see it 与 to form 的并列关系 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ v. 2 composition /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn/ n. 3 gallery /ˈɡæləri/ n. 4 photographer /fəˈtɒɡrəfə(r)/ n. 5 texture /ˈtekstʃə(r)/ n. 6 tactile /ˈtæktaɪl/ adj. 7 independence /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/ n. 8 version /ˈvɜːʃn/ n. 9 recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 10 visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ adj. 11 look for / / 12 work as / / 13 similar to / / 14 be able to / / 15 break down / / 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ v. 欣赏;感激 2 composition /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn/ n. 构图;作品;组成 3 gallery /ˈɡæləri/ n. 画廊;美术馆 4 photographer /fəˈtɒɡrəfə(r)/ n. 摄影师 5 texture /ˈtekstʃə(r)/ n. 质地;纹理 6 tactile /ˈtæktaɪl/ adj. 触觉的;可触知的 7 independence /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/ n. 独立;自主 8 version /ˈvɜːʃn/ n. 版本 9 recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 识别;认可 10 visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ adj. 视觉的;视力的 11 look for / / 寻找 12 work as / / 作为……起作用 13 similar to / / 与……相似 14 be able to / / 能够 15 break down / / 打破;拆除 五、长难句拆解 The tactile (可触知的) paintings work as a way to show art to the blind because we don’t see with just our eyes: We see with our brains. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干:主语 The tactile paintings;谓语 work;as a way(方式状语) ● 介词短语:as a way(方式);to the blind(对象);with just our eyes(方式);with our brains(方式) ● 原因状语从句:because we don't see with just our eyes ● 非谓语动词:to show art to the blind(不定式作定语修饰 way) ● 句意:触觉画作为一种向盲人展示艺术的方式起作用,因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看:我们用大脑看。 【2022年1月】学术环保与社会责任 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 说明文 说明文体裁,学术性强,长句密集,引语嵌套增加阅读负担 话题范畴 人与自然 对应“环境保护与社会责任”子主题 文本长度 193词/8句 中偏短,但长句占比高,信息密度大 平均句长 24.13词 句式偏长,复合句密集,阅读理解门槛较高 可读性等级 12.22 可读性等级偏高,复杂句式与学术用语增加理解负担 词汇覆盖率 68.4% 课标外词汇存在隐性门槛,需关注话题词汇积累 难度深度解读 表层难度:说明文体裁,以学者减少学术飞行为话题,涉及气候变化与社会责任,学术性强,长句密集,平均句长24.13词,阅读理解门槛较高。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 谓语动词时态语态综合考查:is viewed/has been viewed(被动语态+两种时态可选)、are(现在进行时)、have promised(现在完成时+since时间标志),三种时态语态需精准判断。 2. 词性转换与名词化:rough→roughly(形容词变副词)、invite→invitation(动词变名词,-tion后缀),学生易在词形拼写上失分。 3. 宾语从句与定语从句混合:whether/if引导宾语从句(ask...whether she could do so remotely)、who/that引导定语从句修饰academics,两类从句需精准区分。 备考启示:学术环保类文本句长偏大,建议在二轮复习中加强长难句拆解训练,同时巩固谓语动词时态语态综合判断能力。 二、真题原题 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics (1) ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — (2) ___________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others (3) ___________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and (4) ___________ (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, (5) ___________ (rough) 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — (6) ___________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak (7) ___________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of (8) ___________ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the (9) ___________ (invite). That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans (10) ___________ (continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding”, she says, “a really positive change.” 【答案】who/that;is viewed/has been viewed;are;changing;roughly;have promised;whether/if;the;invitation;to continue 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践,目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。 (1) 考查连词之定语从句。本句有两个谓语动词,因此空出考查连词。从句部分从横线开始到句末。从句在名词后为定语从句,从句谓语动词是are cutting back,空格前缺主语。所以缺少关系代词。先行词academics指人,故可以填who/that。 (2) 考查谓语动词时态和语态。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,用现在完成时。动名词作主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系,动名词作主语谓语动词用单数,故填is viewed/has been viewed。 (3) 考查谓语动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处为谓语动词,根据句意可知,此处也应使用现在进行时,主语为复数,故填are。 (4) 考查非谓语动词之现在分词。分析句子结构可知,此处and连接并列的动词pushing和change,逻辑主语Cobb and others与change之间是主动关系,故填changing。 (5) 考查词性转换。“大约有200个学者”中,副词作状语修饰200,故填roughly。 (6) 考查谓语动词时态和主谓一致。分析本句,句子缺少谓语动词,根据时间状语"since+过去时间"可知主句应使用现在完成时。“200个学者”谓语动词用复数形式,故填have promised。 (7) 考查连词之宾语从句。解题步骤:分析句子可知,设空处为连词,从句部分从空格到remotely,为ask的宾语从句。从句部分不缺少成分。根据句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者 可以远程进行。句子缺少“是否”的含义,所以填whether/if。 (8) 考查冠词。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内,故填the。 (9) 考查名词。设空处在冠词the后,需要填写名词,因此此处需要填写invite的名词作decline宾语,故填invitation。 (10) 考查非谓语动词之不定式。动词plan后面跟不定式,plan to do sth“计划做某事”,故填to continue。 三、考点分布统计:6实4虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 无提示词 句法逻辑 who/that 引导定语从句 误填 which/whom,未识别先行词 academics 指人且从句缺主语 2 无提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (被动语态 is viewed/has been viewed) 误填 views,未识别动名词主语与谓语的被动关系 3 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (现在进行时 are) 误填 is,忽略复数主语 Cobb and others 4 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (现在分词 changing 与 pushing 并列) 误填 to change 或 changed,未识别 and 连接并列分词 5 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变副词(rough→roughly) 误写 rough 原形,忽略副词修饰数词的需求 6 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (现在完成时 have promised) 误填 promised,忽略 since 时间标志 7 有提示词 句法逻辑 whether/if 引导宾语从句 误填 that,未识别"是否"含义 8 无提示词 冠词 定冠词 the + 特指(the time) 漏填或误填 a,未识别特指语境 9 无提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(invite→invitation) 误写 invite 原形或 invition 等错误拼写 10 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (不定式 to continue 作宾语) 误填 continuing,混淆 plan to do 搭配 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 minority /maɪˈnɒrəti/ n. 2 academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ n./adj. 3 conference /ˈkɒnfərəns/ n. 4 participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ v. 5 remotely /rɪˈməʊtli/ adv. 6 climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 7 invitation /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 8 decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v. 9 approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ n./v. 10 rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ adj. 11 cut back on / / 12 exchange information / / 13 as little as possible / / 14 for one's part / / 15 do one's part / / 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 minority /maɪˈnɒrəti/ n. 少数;少数派 2 academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ n./adj. 学者;学术的 3 conference /ˈkɒnfərəns/ n. 会议;研讨会 4 participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ v. 参与;参加 5 remotely /rɪˈməʊtli/ adv. 远程地 6 climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候 7 invitation /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 邀请;请柬 8 decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v. 拒绝;下降 9 approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ n./v. 方法;接近 10 rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ adj. 有回报的;值得的 11 cut back on / / 减少;削减 12 exchange information / / 交换信息 13 as little as possible / / 尽可能少 14 for one's part / / 就某人而言 15 do one's part / / 尽自己的一份力 五、长难句拆解 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics that are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干:主语 Kim Cobb;谓语 is;表语 one of a small but growing minority of academics ● 介词短语:at the Georgia Institute(地点);of Technology in Atlanta(限定);of academics(范围);because of climate change(原因) ● 定语从句:who are cutting back on their air travel(修饰 academics,who 在从句中作主语) ● 同位语:a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta(解释 Kim Cobb 的身份) ● 句意:Kim Cobb是亚特兰大佐治亚理工学院的教授,她是为应对气候变化而减少航空出行的少数学者中的一员。 【2021年6月】历史遗迹与人文情怀 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 记叙文 记叙文体裁,历史叙事,时间跨度大,引语穿插增加层次 话题范畴 人与社会 对应“历史遗迹与人文情怀”子主题 文本长度 210词/13句 中篇精读,篇幅符合高考语法填空标准范围 平均句长 16.15词 句式适中,长短句交替,有节奏感 可读性等级 7.57 可读性较低,文本结构化难度不大 词汇覆盖率 62.5% 课标外词汇存在隐性门槛,需关注话题词汇积累 难度深度解读 表层难度:记叙文体裁,以林肯故居为话题,历史叙事时间跨度大(1842-1861),但可读性较低,整体理解难度不大。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 谓语动词时态综合判断:has proved/has proven(现在完成时+since时间标志)、was painted(一般过去时被动)、sold(一般过去时与rented并列),三种时态需精准识别时间标志词。 2. 词性转换与代词考查:marry→marriage(动词变名词,-age后缀)、she→herself(反身代词),学生易在词形和代词形式上失分。 3. 固定搭配与冠词综合:neither...nor...(否定并列)、The+姓氏复数(表一家人),需要扎实的语法基础知识。 备考启示:历史叙事类记叙文需关注时间线索与时态匹配,建议在二轮复习中强化“时间标志词→时态”对应训练。 二、真题原题 It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, (1) ___________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored (修复) to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it (2) ___________ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their (3) ___________ (marry) ceremony in 1842. When the house was built, it was much (4) ___________ (small) than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home (5) ___________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of (6) ___________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.” Although Mary loved flowers, (7) ___________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over (8) ___________ (plant) flowers in the front yard. (9) ___________ enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and (10) ___________ (sell) most of their furniture. 【答案】has proved/has proven;for;marriage;smaller;was painted;herself;neither;to plant;The;sold 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁历史。 (1) 考查谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,设空处为谓语动词,“Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois”作主语;结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句“since it opened to the public”可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,符合现在完成时概念,故设空处用现在完成时;现在完成时结构是has/have+过去分词;主语“Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield Illinois”是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prove的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填has proved/has proven。【句意】它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。 (2) 考查介词。结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语buy sth. for+价格,意为“以……的价格买某物”。故填for。【句意】1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。 (3) 考查名词。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。【句意】1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。 (4) 考查形容词。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知,此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than,提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。 【句意】这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。 (5) 考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被涂上油漆”,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据上文的was built可知,此处为一般过去时态;一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词;主语The little home是单数第三人称,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。 【句意】这个小房子被涂成了白色。 (6) 考查代词。根据句意可知,可知此处考查反身代词;提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。 【句意】她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。 (7) 考查连词。根据句意可知,此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”,意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。 【句意】虽然玛丽喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。 (8) 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语;根据句意可知,此处是目的状语;目的状语用动词不定式表示;提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。 【句意】玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。 (9) 考查冠词。根据句意可知,此处意为“林肯一家”;根据设空后的Lincolns可知,此处考查“the+姓氏复数”,表示夫妇俩,或者一家人。设空处位于句首,所以首字母要大写。故填The。 【句意】林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层,以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。 (10) 考查谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。 【句意】1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。 三、考点分布统计:7实3虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (现在完成时 has proved/has proven) 误填 proved,忽略 since 时间标志 2 无提示词 介词 固定搭配 buy sth for+价格 误填 at/with,搭配记忆不牢 3 无提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(marry→marriage) 误写 marry 原形或 marrige 等错误拼写 4 有提示词 形容词&副词词形转换 比较级(small→smaller) 误填 more small 或 small 原形,忽略 much+比较级+than 5 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般过去时被动 was painted) 误填 painted 或 is painted,忽略过去时被动语态 6 有提示词 代词 反身代词(she→herself) 误填 she/her,忽略反身代词语境 7 有提示词 句法逻辑 否定连词 neither...nor... 误填 either,混淆否定与肯定并列结构 8 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (不定式 to plant 作目的状语) 误填 planting,未识别目的状语功能 9 有提示词 冠词 定冠词 The + 姓氏复数(The Lincolns) 漏填或误填 A,忽略“the+姓氏复数”表一家人 10 无提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般过去时 sold 与 rented 并列) 误填sells或has sold,忽略并列过去时态 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 plantation /plænˈteɪʃn/ n. 2 irresistible /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbl/ adj. 3 restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ v. 4 ceremony /ˈserəməni/ n. 5 reflection /rɪˈflekʃn/ n. 6 gardener /ˈɡɑːdnə(r)/ n. 7 enlarge /ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/ v. 8 furniture /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)/ n. 9 elect /ɪˈlekt/ v. 10 pretty /ˈprɪti/ adj. 11 open to the public / / 12 meet the needs of / / 13 come over / / 14 in good taste / / 15 in perfect order / / 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 plantation /plænˈteɪʃn/ n. 种植园;农庄 2 irresistible /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbl/ adj. 不可抗拒的 3 restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ v. 修复;恢复 4 ceremony /ˈserəməni/ n. 典礼;仪式 5 reflection /rɪˈflekʃn/ n. 反映;倒影 6 gardener /ˈɡɑːdnə(r)/ n. 园丁 7 enlarge /ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/ v. 扩大;增大 8 furniture /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)/ n. 家具 9 elect /ɪˈlekt/ v. 选举;推选 10 pretty /ˈprɪti/ adj. 漂亮的;非常 11 open to the public / / 向公众开放 12 meet the needs of / / 满足……的需求 13 come over / / 过来;顺道来访 14 in good taste / / 有品位 15 in perfect order / / 井然有序 五、长难句拆解 She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干:并列句:She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself ● 独立主格/省略结构:everything in good taste and in perfect order(everything 为逻辑主语,省略 being) ● 介词短语:of herself(反射对象);in good taste(方式状语);in perfect order(方式状语) ● 句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子就是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。 【2021年1月】健康数据与全球趋势 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 说明文 说明文体裁,数据密集,学术性强,比较结构频繁出现 话题范畴 人与自我 对应“健康数据与全球趋势”子主题 文本长度 203词/10句 中篇精读,篇幅符合高考语法填空标准范围 平均句长 20.30词 句式适中,长短句交替,有节奏感 可读性等级 9.88 文本有一定结构化难度,专有名词与文化词汇提升门槛 词汇覆盖率 66.8% 课标外词汇存在隐性门槛,需关注话题词汇积累 难度深度解读 表层难度:说明文体裁,以全球体重指数(BMI)趋势为话题,数据密集,学术性强,比较结构频繁出现,对逻辑推理能力有一定要求。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 谓语动词被动语态与时态综合:is considered(一般现在时被动)、was(一般过去时主谓一致),两种时态语态需精准判断。 2. 非谓语动词多功能考查:studied(过去分词作后置定语修饰countries)、living(现在分词作定语修饰people)、sharply(形容词变副词修饰动词),三类考查点密集。 3. 比较级与并列结构:lower(与higher、fewer并列的比较级)、increase by(增加幅度vs.增加到),需要精准理解数据语境。 备考启示:数据类说明文需关注比较结构与介词搭配(increase by/to),建议在二轮复习中强化“数据描述语言”专项训练。 二、真题原题 In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier (1) __________ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool (2) __________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a (3) __________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 (4) __________ (consider) healthy. The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased (5) __________ 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain (6) __________ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries (7) __________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed (8) __________ (sharp). This may be due to some disadvantages for people (9) __________ (live) in the countryside, including (10) __________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 【答案】and;that/which;person’s;is considered;by;was;studied;sharply;living;lower 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标,主要是由于农村地区的体重指数(BMI)增加了,并分析了其中的原因。 (1) 考查连词。句意:在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中,科学家们发现,世界各地的人们体重越来越重,而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知,that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句,是并列关系,故填and. (2) 考查定语从句关系代词。句意: BMI是﹣种国际公认的测量工具,它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知,tool 是先行词,且在从句中做主语,故填that/which. (3) 考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person 是修饰weight的,用person的名词所有格person's.故填person's. (4) 考查动词被动语态。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(a BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和consider是表被动关系,故填is considered. (5) 考查介词。句意:研究发现,1985 年至2017年间,农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1,increase by表示"增加了": increase to表示"增加到"。根据正常的成人BMI数值(8.5﹣23.9)可知,increase by符合语境,故填by. (6) 考查主谓一致和时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3, 男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was. (7) 考查过去分词。句意: 1985 年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,表被动关系,故填studied. (8) 考查副词。句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知,sharp 是要修饰动词narrow,用shap的副词形式sharply,故填sharply. (9) 考查现在分词。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词may be,故live用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是people,表主动关系,做定语,用现在分词形式,故填living. (10) 考查形容词比较级。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,including说明的是一些不利条件,且lower与higher levels、fewer facilities构成并列的不利条件。故填lower。 三、考点分布统计:7实3虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 无提示词 句法逻辑 并列连词 and 连接宾语从句 误填 but/while,未识别两个 that 从句的并列关系 2 无提示词 句法逻辑 that/which 引导定语从句 误填 where/when,未识别从句缺主语 3 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词所有格(person→person's) 漏写 's,或误写 persons' 4 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般现在时被动 is considered) 误填 considers,未识别被动关系 5 无提示词 介词 固定搭配 increase by(增加了) 误填 to/in,混淆 increase by 与 increase to 6 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般过去时 was) 误填 were/is,忽略主语 gain 单数+过去时态 7 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (过去分词 studied 作后置定语) 误填 studying,未识别被动关系 8 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变副词(sharp→sharply) 误写 sharp 原形,忽略副词修饰动词的需求 9 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (现在分词 living 作定语) 误填 lived 或 to live,未识别主动关系 10 有提示词 形容词&副词词形转换 比较级(low→lower) 误填 low 原形,忽略并列比较语境(higher...fewer...lower) 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 rural /ˈrʊərəl/ adj. 2 urban /ˈɜːbən/ adj. 3 indication /ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 4 calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ v. 5 measurement /ˈmeʒəmənt/ n. 6 disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ n. 7 facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 8 striking /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ adj. 9 recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 10 trend /trend/ n. 11 due to / / 12 divide...by / / 13 increase by / / 14 be due to / / 15 in rural areas / / 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 rural /ˈrʊərəl/ adj. 乡村的;农村的 2 urban /ˈɜːbən/ adj. 城市的 3 indication /ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 指示;迹象 4 calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ v. 计算 5 measurement /ˈmeʒəmənt/ n. 测量;度量 6 disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ n. 不利条件;劣势 7 facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 设施;设备 8 striking /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ adj. 引人注目的;显著的 9 recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 识别;认可 10 trend /trend/ n. 趋势;动向 11 due to / / 由于;因为 12 divide...by / / 用……除以 13 increase by / / 增加了(幅度) 14 be due to / / 归因于 15 in rural areas / / 在农村地区 五、长难句拆解 In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干:主语 the scientists;谓语 found;宾语为两个 that 引导的宾语从句 ● 介词短语:In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index across 200 countries(背景状语,层层嵌套) ● 宾语从句:that people worldwide are getting heavier(第一个宾语从句);that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas(第二个宾语从句) ● 非谓语动词:getting(现在分词,进行时态 are getting) ● 句意:在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中,科学家们发现世界各地的人们体重越来越重,而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语二轮复习-语法填空专题讲义-浙江卷-真题命题逻辑解码与提分策略 浙江卷覆盖年份:2021-2026 命题趋势分析与教学建议 1. 考点分布统计与趋势 原生词性 考查方向 考查功能 2026.1 2025.1 2024.1 2023.1 2022.6 2022.1 2021.6 2021.1 总计 名词 词性转换 名词变形容词 - - - 1 1 - - - 2 名词变动词 - - - - - - - - - 词形转换 名词复数 1 1 - 1 - - - - 3 名词所有格 - 1 - - - - - 1 2 名词变名词 - - - - - - - - - 动词 词性转换 动词变名词 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 6 动词变形容词 - - - - 1 - - - 1 词形转换 谓语动词 - 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 15 非谓语动词 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 14 形 容 词 词性转换 形容词变副词 1 - - 1 - 1 - - 3 形容词变名词 - - - - 1 - - 1 2 形容词&副词 词形转换 比较级 - - - 1 - - 1 1 3 最高级 - - - - - - - - - 否定词 - - - - - - - - - 代词 词形转换 主格变其它 - - 1 - - - 1 - 2 冠词 句法逻辑 a / an / the 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 7 连词 句法逻辑 并列连词 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 7 从属连词 1 1 2 - - 2 - 1 7 介词 句法逻辑 固定搭配等 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 6 2. 教学启示与备考策略 策略一:构建“谓语动词时态语态”核心模块,严防高频失分 谓语动词是浙江卷的绝对核心考点,8次考试累计15次考查,涵盖一般过去时(featured、noticed、was、sold)、现在完成时(has proved、have started、have promised)、被动语态(is considered、was painted、be appreciated、were permitted、be offered)等多种时态语态形式。建议以“时间标志词→时态”对应法为核心,重点训练:(1) since/Over the last...→现在完成时;(2) at that time/in 1844→一般过去时;(3) 情态动词后→原形被动。同时强化主谓一致判断(复数主语+复数谓语)。 策略二:构建“非谓语动词功能分类法” 非谓语动词累计考查14次,是浙江卷第二大高频考点。按功能分类突破:(1) 作宾语/宾补(to finish、being pushed、returning)——训练“固定搭配+结构识别”;(2) 作定语(to rent、designed、studied、living)——训练“前置/后置+主被动”;(3) 作状语(surrounded、Drawn、to plant、to benefit)——训练“主被动+逻辑主语”判断;(4) 独立主格(watching、building)——训练“独立主语+主动/被动”识别。建议以“逻辑主语+主被动+功能”三维判断法系统训练。 策略三:词性转换“后缀地图”体系化突破 词性转换(跨词性)累计考查11次,涵盖动词变名词(excite→excitement、solve→solution、criticize→criticism、marry→marriage、invite→invitation、independent→independence)、形容词变副词(seeming→seemingly、original→originally、sharp→sharply、rough→roughly)、名词变形容词(space→spacious)、动词变形容词(exist→existing、sight→sighted)四大方向。建议按“后缀地图”分类梳理:-ment/-tion/-age/-ence(动→名)、-ly(形→副)、-ous/-ing/-ed(名/动→形),配套“词根+语境”推测训练。 策略四:冠词+介词+连词“三轨排查”体系 除2021年1月外,其余7次均考查冠词,以定冠词the的特指用法为主(the+专有名词、the other、the+姓氏复数、the+形容词表类人),不定冠词a/an的泛指用法也有涉及。介词累计6次,以固定搭配为主(in one's arms、focus on、at age、increase by、buy...for+价格)。连词累计考查并列连词7次、从属连词7次,定语从句关系代词(who/that/which)和宾语从句引导词是常年热点。建议建立“冠词决策树”、“介词搭配库”和“从句引导词判断流程”。 策略五:填补“名词所有格/比较级/代词”三大低频考点盲区 浙江卷8年间名词所有格考查2次(people’s、person’s),形容词比较级考查3次(smaller、simpler、lower),代词考查2次(herself、ones)。虽然频率不高,但这些考点往往是“送分题”型,一旦失分代价极高。建议:(1) 名词所有格——重点训练’s规则;(2) 比较级——关注并列语境中的比较信号词,如much+比较级+than结构;(3) 代词——反身代词(she→herself)、代词复数(one→ones)需纳入常规训练。此外,否定连词neither...nor...与either...or...的区分也是浙江卷特色考点。 【2026年1月】日常温情与情感认知 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值/详情 难度解读 题材 记叙文 记叙文体裁,情节推进明确,情感线索丰富,阅读门槛中等 话题范畴 人与自我 对应“家庭生活与情感体验”子主题 文本长度 206词 / 10句 中篇精读,篇幅符合高考语法填空标准范围 平均句长 20.6词 句式适中,长短句交替,有节奏感 可读性等级 9.06 文本有一定结构化难度,专有名词与文化词汇提升门槛 词汇覆盖率 80.2% 课标词汇覆盖率较高,阅读基础门槛低 难度深度解读 表层难度:记叙文体裁,以母子日常互动为叙事线索,语言贴近生活,情感主题易引发共鸣,整体阅读门槛较低。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 非谓语动词三种功能同篇考查:不定式to finish(固定搭配wait for...to do)、现在分词watching(独立主格结构)、动名词被动being pushed(remember doing被动式),三种非谓语功能各异,学生需在有限语境中快速判断逻辑关系。 2. 词性转换与名词化陷阱:excite→excitement(动词变名词,-ment后缀),seeming→seemingly(形容词变副词,-ly规则),学生易在词形拼写上失分。 3. 定语从句关系代词与并列连词判断:that/which引导定语从句修饰a scream,and连接两个并列独立主格结构,需准确识别句法功能。 备考启示:记叙文语境下的非谓语动词多功能辨析是二轮复习重点,建议以“逻辑主语+主被动+功能”三维判断法强化训练。 二、真题原题 There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) (1) ___________ (finish) heating, but my mum did it. One of my earliest memories is being held (2) ___________ her arms, counting down the flashing green (3) ___________ (number) together. Mum is small, but I remember feeling so high up there. She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes (4) ___________ (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, (5) ___________ (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream (6) ___________ always ended in laughter. My mum would find fun even when completing the most boring of tasks. I remember (7) ___________ (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over (8) ___________ uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. She would speed up, the wind blowing our hair back (9) ___________ my tiny voice singing out, “Weeee-eee-eee!” I realise now that Mum didn’t find the joy in these tasks: she created it. Who cares if neighbours can hear you singing along to a microwave? Life is full of so many (10) ___________ (seeming) uneventful moments, but we can turn any of them into a celebration. 三、考点分布统计:6实4虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (不定式 to finish 作宾补) 误填 finishing 或 finished,未识别 wait for...to do 固定搭配 2 无提示词 介词 固定搭配(in one’s arms) 误填 with/by,搭配记忆不牢 3 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词复数(number→numbers) 漏写 -s,忽略复数语境 4 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (现在分词 watching 独立主格) 误填 watched 或 watch,未识别独立主格主动关系 5 有提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(excite→excitement) 误写 exciteful 或 excitation 等错误形式 6 无提示词 句法逻辑 that/which 引导定语从句 误填 where/when,未识别从句缺主语 7 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (动名词被动 being pushed) 误填 pushing,未识别 remember doing 的被动关系 8 无提示词 冠词 定冠词 the + 特指名词 漏填或误填 a,未识别特指语境 9 无提示词 句法逻辑 并列连词 and 连接独立主格 误填 but/while,未识别并列关系 10 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变副词(seeming→seemingly) 误写 seemingful 等错误形式,或漏写 -ly 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 joy /dʒɔɪ/ n. 2 trolley /ˈtrɒli/ n. 3 uneven /ʌnˈiːvn/ adj. 4 countdown /ˈkaʊntdaʊn/ n. 5 tension /ˈtenʃn/ n. 6 scream /skriːm/ v./n. 7 performance /pəˈfɔːməns/ n. 8 celebration /ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn/ n. 9 seemingly /ˈsiːmɪŋli/ adv. 10 uneventful /ˌʌnɪˈventfl/ adj. 11 find joy in / / 12 count down / / 13 tip one’s head back / / 14 overshadow / / 15 turn...into / / 五、长难句拆解 She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes watching the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, excitement and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【2025年1月】时尚环保与共享经济 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 说明文 说明文体裁,引语穿插,概念抽象,逻辑层次丰富 话题范畴 人与社会 对应“可持续发展与共享经济”子主题 文本长度 217词/8句 中偏长,长句占比较高,信息密度大 平均句长 27.13词 句式偏长,复合句密集,阅读理解门槛较高 可读性等级 13.97 可读性等级偏高,复杂句式与学术用语增加理解负担 词汇覆盖率 78.4% 课标词汇覆盖率较高,但抽象概念词与商业用语增加理解门槛 难度深度解读 表层难度:说明文体裁,以澳大利亚服装租赁服务为话题,涉及共享经济概念,引语穿插增加信息层次,但核心概念有一定抽象性。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 不定式作定语与动名词作宾语同篇出现:to rent作后置定语修饰clothes(主动表被动),returning作mean的宾语(mean doing=意味着),两种非谓语功能需精准区分。 2. 词性转换陷阱:solve→solution(动词变名词,-tion后缀),学生易写出solvation等错误形式;名词所有格people's容易被遗漏。 3. 定语从句which指代整句内容:非限制性定语从句which指代前面整个句子内容,学生容易误填that或where。 备考启示:商业/环保类说明文是浙江卷高频题型,建议强化“非谓语功能分类法”训练,同时关注抽象名词派生规律。 二、真题原题 The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of (1) __________ new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer (2) __________ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. “I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead (3) __________ the fact that they have something unique to wear (4) __________ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.” Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women (5) __________ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive (6) __________ (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept (7) __________ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies. Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, (8) __________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for (9) __________ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean (10) __________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 三、考点分布统计:6实4虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 无提示词 冠词 不定冠词 a + 抽象名词 漏填或误填 the,忽略泛指语境 2 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词复数(time→times) 误写 time 原形,忽略 fewer 后接复数 3 无提示词 固定搭配 focus on(关注) 误填 in/at,搭配记忆不牢 4 无提示词 句法逻辑 并列连词 and 连接并列谓语 误填 but/or,未识别顺承关系 5 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (不定式 to rent 作定语) 误填 renting 或 rented,未识别不定式主动表被动 6 有提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(solve→solution) 误写 solvation 等错误名词形式 7 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般现在时 is) 误写 are,忽略主语 The concept 为单数 8 无提示词 句法逻辑 which 引导非限制性定语从句 误填 that/where,未识别非限定从句指代整句 9 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词所有格(people→people’s) 漏写 's,或误写 peoples' 10 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (动名词 returning 作宾语) 误填 to return,混淆 mean doing 与 mean to do 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 rental /ˈrentl/ n./adj. 2 purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v./n. 3 wardrobe /ˈwɔːdrəʊb/ n. 4 capsule /ˈkæpsjuːl/ n./adj. 5 outright /ˈaʊtraɪt/ adv. 6 unique /juˈniːk/ adj. 7 solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 8 landfill /ˈlændfɪl/ n. 9 concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 10 occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/ n. 11 take off / / 12 focus on / / 13 rather than / / 14 second-hand / / 15 look beyond / / 五、长难句拆解 Customers today look past the fact that something is second-hand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【2024年1月】消费现象与生活智慧 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 说明文 说明文体裁,论证层次分明,生活场景贴近,语言实用性强 话题范畴 人与社会 对应“消费观念与生活智慧”子主题 文本长度 237词/14句 中偏长,句数较多,信息点密集 平均句长 16.93词 句式适中,长短句交替,有节奏感 可读性等级 7.94 可读性较低,文本结构化难度不大 词汇覆盖率 75% 课标词汇覆盖率较高,阅读基础门槛低 难度深度解读 表层难度:说明文体裁,以超市购物为话题,生活场景贴近学生日常,文本可读性较低,整体理解难度不大。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 非谓语动词多功能考查:to benefit(不定式作目的状语)、be offered(情态动词被动)、designed(过去分词作后置定语),三种非谓语形式功能各异。 2. 谓语动词时态综合判断:have started(现在完成时,Over the last two years提示)、be offered(情态动词被动),时态与语态叠加增加判断难度。 3. 名词性从句与定语从句混合考查:what引导表语从句(that's what they'll promote),that/which引导定语从句修饰way,两类从句需精准区分。 备考启示:生活类说明文是浙江卷常见题型,建议强化“非谓语动词功能分类法”和“从句引导词决策树”训练。 二、真题原题 The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (1) ___________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home (2) ___________ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way (3) ___________ will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s (4) ___________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the (5) ___________ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes (6) ___________ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets (7) ___________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs (8) ___________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份) . Then, when you use one section, (9) ___________ other stays fresh. Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking (10) ___________ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. 三、考点分布统计:7实3虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (不定式 to benefit 作目的状语) 误填 benefiting,未识别目的状语功能 2 无提示词 句法逻辑 固定句式 either...or... 误填 and/but,未识别选择关系 3 无提示词 句法逻辑 that/which 引导定语从句 误填 where,未识别从句缺主语 4 有提示词 句法逻辑 what 引导表语从句 误填 that/which,混淆名词性从句与定语从句 5 有提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(criticize→criticism) 误写 criticize 原形或 critic,忽略名词需求 6 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (情态动词被动 be offered) 误填 offered 或 being offered,忽略情态动词后接原形 7 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (现在完成时 have started) 误填 started,忽略 Over the last two years 时间标志 8 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (过去分词 designed 作后置定语) 误填 designing,未识别被动关系 9 无提示词 冠词 定冠词 the + 固定搭配(the other) 漏填或误填 a,忽略固定搭配 10 有提示词 代词 代词复数(one→ones) 误填 one 原形,忽略 some of 后接复数 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 reduction /rɪˈdʌkʃn/ n. 2 promotion /prəˈməʊʃn/ n. 3 charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 4 quantity /ˈkwɒntəti/ n. 5 criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/ n. 6 individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ adj./n. 7 produce /ˈprɒdjuːs/ n. 8 forward-looking /ˌfɔːwəd ˈlʊkɪŋ/ adj. 9 disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 10 sausage /ˈsɒsɪdʒ/ n. 11 make sense / / 12 buy one get one free / / 13 come out with / / 14 out of pocket / / 15 rather than / / 五、长难句拆解 However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes be offered in smaller packs. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【2023年1月】历史文化与城市发展 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 说明文 说明文体裁,历史背景丰富,文化专有名词密集,逻辑层次清晰 话题范畴 人与社会 对应“传统文化与城市发展”子主题 文本长度 200词/11句 中篇精读,篇幅符合高考语法填空标准范围 平均句长 18.18词 句式适中,长短句交替,有节奏感 可读性等级 11.91 可读性等级偏高,复杂句式与学术用语增加理解负担 词汇覆盖率 54.2% 词汇覆盖率偏低,超纲词与文化专有名词构成主要障碍 难度深度解读 表层难度:说明文体裁,以北京胡同为话题,历史文化背景丰富,但专有名词密集(Forbidden City、Yuan Dynasty等),词汇覆盖率偏低,阅读门槛较高。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 非谓语动词与谓语动词混合考查:surrounded(过去分词作状语,被动关系)、were permitted(一般过去时被动谓语)、featured(一般过去时谓语),学生需在历史叙事语境中精准区分谓语与非谓语。 2. 词性转换跨度大:original→originally(形容词变副词)、space→spacious(名词变形容词,-ous后缀),词形变化规则非常规。 3. 文化专有名词理解门槛:Forbidden City、Inner City、Outer City、siheyuan等文化词汇密集,需要跨文化理解能力。 备考启示:历史文化类文本词汇覆盖率偏低,建议在二轮复习中加强“文化主题词汇库”建设,同时强化谓语/非谓语动词的时态语态综合判断。 二、真题原题 During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing (1) __________ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, (2) __________ (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (3) __________ (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens ofhigher social classes (4) __________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often (5) __________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (6) __________ (space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (7) __________ (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history (8) __________ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic (9) __________ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect (10) __________ culture of grassroots Beijingers. 三、考点分布统计:7实3虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 无提示词 句法逻辑 并列连词 and 连接并列谓语 误填 but/while,未识别 planned 与 arranged 的并列关系 2 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变副词(original→originally) 误写 original 原形,忽略副词修饰 meaning 的需求 3 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (过去分词 surrounded 作状语) 误填 surrounding,未识别被动关系 4 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般过去时被动 were permitted) 误填 was permitted,忽略 Citizens 复数主语 5 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般过去时 featured) 误填 features,忽略过去时态语境 6 有提示词 词性转换 名词变形容词(space→spacious) 误写 spaceful 或 spacey 等错误形式 7 有提示词 形容词&副词词形转换 比较级(simple→simpler) 误填 more simple 或 simple 原形,忽略比较语境 8 无提示词 介词 介词 as 表"作为" 误填 for/in,未识别“作为首都”的含义 9 无提示词 名词词形转换 名词复数(event→events) 漏写 -s,忽略泛指语境 10 无提示词 冠词 定冠词 the + 特指(the culture of...) 漏填或误填 a,未识别 of 短语限定特指 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 dynastic /dɪˈnæstɪk/ adj. 2 residential /ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/ adj. 3 concentric /kənˈsentrɪk/ adj. 4 pillar /ˈpɪlə(r)/ n. 5 spacious /ˈspeɪʃəs/ adj. 6 commoner /ˈkɒmənə(r)/ n. 7 grassroots /ˌɡrɑːsˈruːts/ adj. 8 emperor /ˈempərə(r)/ n. 9 originally /əˈrɪdʒənəli/ adv. 10 represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ v. 11 according to / / 12 thanks to / / 13 in contrast to / / 14 associate with / / 15 date back to / / 五、长难句拆解 In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【2022年6月】艺术感知与无障碍体验 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 说明文 说明文体裁,科普性强,专业术语密集,引语穿插增加层次 话题范畴 人与社会 对应“艺术欣赏与无障碍体验”子主题 文本长度 193词/12句 中篇精读,篇幅符合高考语法填空标准范围 平均句长 16.08词 句式适中,长短句交替,有节奏感 可读性等级 7.25 可读性较低,文本结构化难度不大 词汇覆盖率 69.7% 课标外词汇存在隐性门槛,需关注话题词汇积累 难度深度解读 表层难度:说明文体裁,以触觉画与盲人艺术体验为话题,科普性较强,但专业术语(neuroplasticity、visual cortex)增加理解难度。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 情态动词被动与词性转换叠加:be appreciated(情态动词被动语态)、photograph→photographer(动词变名词,-er后缀表人)、exist→existing(动词变形容词),三类转换规则各异。 2. 词性转换多向考查:sight→sighted(名词/动词变形容词)、independent→independence(形容词变名词,-ence后缀),学生易混淆词性方向。 3. 专业术语理解门槛:neuroplasticity(神经可塑性)、visual cortex(视觉皮层)等学术用语超出课标范围,需要语境推测能力。 备考启示:科普类文本的专业术语是隐性拉分点,建议在二轮复习中加强“语境推测词义”策略训练,同时巩固词性转换后缀体系。 二、真题原题 To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting (1) _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not (2) _________ (do). John Olson, a former (3) _________ (photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. The tactile (可触知的) paintings work as a way to show art to (4) _________ blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity — the brain’s adaptability — shows that the visual cortex (大脑皮层) is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their (5) _________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of (6) _________ (sight) people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly (7) _________ age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa”, he (8) _________ (notice) her smile right away. “I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. For Luc, this means (9) _________ (independent). “The feeling of being able to see it _________ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” 三、考点分布统计:6实4虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 无提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (情态动词被动 be appreciated) 误填 appreciated 或 being appreciated,忽略情态动词后接原形 2 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (不定式 to do 作宾语) 误填 doing,混淆 tell sb not to do 搭配 3 有提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(photograph→photographer) 误写 photograph 原形,忽略"人"的后缀 -er 4 无提示词 冠词 定冠词 the + 形容词表类人(the blind) 漏填或误填 a,忽略 the+adj. 表一类人 5 有提示词 词性转换 动词变形容词(exist→existing) 误写 existent 或 exist 原形 6 有提示词 词性转换 动词变形容词(sight→sighted) 误写 sightful 或 sightly 等错误形式 7 无提示词 介词 介词 at + 年龄(at age seven) 误填 in/on,搭配记忆不牢 8 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般过去时 noticed) 误填 notices 或 has noticed,忽略过去时态语境 9 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变名词(independent→independence) 误写 independency 或 independent 原形 10 无提示词 句法逻辑 并列连词 and 连接不定式 误填 or/but,未识别 to see it 与 to form 的并列关系 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ v. 2 composition /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn/ n. 3 gallery /ˈɡæləri/ n. 4 photographer /fəˈtɒɡrəfə(r)/ n. 5 texture /ˈtekstʃə(r)/ n. 6 tactile /ˈtæktaɪl/ adj. 7 independence /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/ n. 8 version /ˈvɜːʃn/ n. 9 recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 10 visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ adj. 11 look for / / 12 work as / / 13 similar to / / 14 be able to / / 15 break down / / 五、长难句拆解 The tactile (可触知的) paintings work as a way to show art to the blind because we don’t see with just our eyes: We see with our brains. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【2022年1月】学术环保与社会责任 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 说明文 说明文体裁,学术性强,长句密集,引语嵌套增加阅读负担 话题范畴 人与自然 对应“环境保护与社会责任”子主题 文本长度 193词/8句 中偏短,但长句占比高,信息密度大 平均句长 24.13词 句式偏长,复合句密集,阅读理解门槛较高 可读性等级 12.22 可读性等级偏高,复杂句式与学术用语增加理解负担 词汇覆盖率 68.4% 课标外词汇存在隐性门槛,需关注话题词汇积累 难度深度解读 表层难度:说明文体裁,以学者减少学术飞行为话题,涉及气候变化与社会责任,学术性强,长句密集,平均句长24.13词,阅读理解门槛较高。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 谓语动词时态语态综合考查:is viewed/has been viewed(被动语态+两种时态可选)、are(现在进行时)、have promised(现在完成时+since时间标志),三种时态语态需精准判断。 2. 词性转换与名词化:rough→roughly(形容词变副词)、invite→invitation(动词变名词,-tion后缀),学生易在词形拼写上失分。 3. 宾语从句与定语从句混合:whether/if引导宾语从句(ask...whether she could do so remotely)、who/that引导定语从句修饰academics,两类从句需精准区分。 备考启示:学术环保类文本句长偏大,建议在二轮复习中加强长难句拆解训练,同时巩固谓语动词时态语态综合判断能力。 二、真题原题 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics (1) ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — (2) ___________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others (3) ___________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and (4) ___________ (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, (5) ___________ (rough) 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — (6) ___________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak (7) ___________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of (8) ___________ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the (9) ___________ (invite). That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans (10) ___________ (continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding”, she says, “a really positive change.” 三、考点分布统计:6实4虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 无提示词 句法逻辑 who/that 引导定语从句 误填 which/whom,未识别先行词 academics 指人且从句缺主语 2 无提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (被动语态 is viewed/has been viewed) 误填 views,未识别动名词主语与谓语的被动关系 3 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (现在进行时 are) 误填 is,忽略复数主语 Cobb and others 4 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (现在分词 changing 与 pushing 并列) 误填 to change 或 changed,未识别 and 连接并列分词 5 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变副词(rough→roughly) 误写 rough 原形,忽略副词修饰数词的需求 6 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (现在完成时 have promised) 误填 promised,忽略 since 时间标志 7 有提示词 句法逻辑 whether/if 引导宾语从句 误填 that,未识别"是否"含义 8 无提示词 冠词 定冠词 the + 特指(the time) 漏填或误填 a,未识别特指语境 9 无提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(invite→invitation) 误写 invite 原形或 invition 等错误拼写 10 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (不定式 to continue 作宾语) 误填 continuing,混淆 plan to do 搭配 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 minority /maɪˈnɒrəti/ n. 2 academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ n./adj. 3 conference /ˈkɒnfərəns/ n. 4 participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ v. 5 remotely /rɪˈməʊtli/ adv. 6 climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 7 invitation /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 8 decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v. 9 approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ n./v. 10 rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ adj. 11 cut back on / / 12 exchange information / / 13 as little as possible / / 14 for one's part / / 15 do one's part / / 五、长难句拆解 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics that are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【2021年6月】历史遗迹与人文情怀 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 记叙文 记叙文体裁,历史叙事,时间跨度大,引语穿插增加层次 话题范畴 人与社会 对应“历史遗迹与人文情怀”子主题 文本长度 210词/13句 中篇精读,篇幅符合高考语法填空标准范围 平均句长 16.15词 句式适中,长短句交替,有节奏感 可读性等级 7.57 可读性较低,文本结构化难度不大 词汇覆盖率 62.5% 课标外词汇存在隐性门槛,需关注话题词汇积累 难度深度解读 表层难度:记叙文体裁,以林肯故居为话题,历史叙事时间跨度大(1842-1861),但可读性较低,整体理解难度不大。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 谓语动词时态综合判断:has proved/has proven(现在完成时+since时间标志)、was painted(一般过去时被动)、sold(一般过去时与rented并列),三种时态需精准识别时间标志词。 2. 词性转换与代词考查:marry→marriage(动词变名词,-age后缀)、she→herself(反身代词),学生易在词形和代词形式上失分。 3. 固定搭配与冠词综合:neither...nor...(否定并列)、The+姓氏复数(表一家人),需要扎实的语法基础知识。 备考启示:历史叙事类记叙文需关注时间线索与时态匹配,建议在二轮复习中强化“时间标志词→时态”对应训练。 二、真题原题 It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, (1) ___________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored (修复) to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it (2) ___________ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their (3) ___________ (marry) ceremony in 1842. When the house was built, it was much (4) ___________ (small) than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home (5) ___________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of (6) ___________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.” Although Mary loved flowers, (7) ___________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over (8) ___________ (plant) flowers in the front yard. (9) ___________ enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and (10) ___________ (sell) most of their furniture. 三、考点分布统计:7实3虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (现在完成时 has proved/has proven) 误填 proved,忽略 since 时间标志 2 无提示词 介词 固定搭配 buy sth for+价格 误填 at/with,搭配记忆不牢 3 无提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(marry→marriage) 误写 marry 原形或 marrige 等错误拼写 4 有提示词 形容词&副词词形转换 比较级(small→smaller) 误填 more small 或 small 原形,忽略 much+比较级+than 5 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般过去时被动 was painted) 误填 painted 或 is painted,忽略过去时被动语态 6 有提示词 代词 反身代词(she→herself) 误填 she/her,忽略反身代词语境 7 有提示词 句法逻辑 否定连词 neither...nor... 误填 either,混淆否定与肯定并列结构 8 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (不定式 to plant 作目的状语) 误填 planting,未识别目的状语功能 9 有提示词 冠词 定冠词 The + 姓氏复数(The Lincolns) 漏填或误填 A,忽略“the+姓氏复数”表一家人 10 无提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般过去时 sold 与 rented 并列) 误填sells或has sold,忽略并列过去时态 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 plantation /plænˈteɪʃn/ n. 2 irresistible /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbl/ adj. 3 restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ v. 4 ceremony /ˈserəməni/ n. 5 reflection /rɪˈflekʃn/ n. 6 gardener /ˈɡɑːdnə(r)/ n. 7 enlarge /ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/ v. 8 furniture /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)/ n. 9 elect /ɪˈlekt/ v. 10 pretty /ˈprɪti/ adj. 11 open to the public / / 12 meet the needs of / / 13 come over / / 14 in good taste / / 15 in perfect order / / 五、长难句拆解 She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【2021年1月】健康数据与全球趋势 一、真题核心指标 维度 数值 详情 题材 说明文 说明文体裁,数据密集,学术性强,比较结构频繁出现 话题范畴 人与自我 对应“健康数据与全球趋势”子主题 文本长度 203词/10句 中篇精读,篇幅符合高考语法填空标准范围 平均句长 20.30词 句式适中,长短句交替,有节奏感 可读性等级 9.88 文本有一定结构化难度,专有名词与文化词汇提升门槛 词汇覆盖率 66.8% 课标外词汇存在隐性门槛,需关注话题词汇积累 难度深度解读 表层难度:说明文体裁,以全球体重指数(BMI)趋势为话题,数据密集,学术性强,比较结构频繁出现,对逻辑推理能力有一定要求。 深层隐性拉分点: 1. 谓语动词被动语态与时态综合:is considered(一般现在时被动)、was(一般过去时主谓一致),两种时态语态需精准判断。 2. 非谓语动词多功能考查:studied(过去分词作后置定语修饰countries)、living(现在分词作定语修饰people)、sharply(形容词变副词修饰动词),三类考查点密集。 3. 比较级与并列结构:lower(与higher、fewer并列的比较级)、increase by(增加幅度vs.增加到),需要精准理解数据语境。 备考启示:数据类说明文需关注比较结构与介词搭配(increase by/to),建议在二轮复习中强化“数据描述语言”专项训练。 二、真题原题 In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier (1) __________ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool (2) __________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a (3) __________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 (4) __________ (consider) healthy. The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased (5) __________ 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain (6) __________ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries (7) __________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed (8) __________ (sharp). This may be due to some disadvantages for people (9) __________ (live) in the countryside, including (10) __________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 三、考点分布统计:7实3虚 题号 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 1 无提示词 句法逻辑 并列连词 and 连接宾语从句 误填 but/while,未识别两个 that 从句的并列关系 2 无提示词 句法逻辑 that/which 引导定语从句 误填 where/when,未识别从句缺主语 3 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词所有格(person→person's) 漏写 's,或误写 persons' 4 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般现在时被动 is considered) 误填 considers,未识别被动关系 5 无提示词 介词 固定搭配 increase by(增加了) 误填 to/in,混淆 increase by 与 increase to 6 有提示词 动词词形转换 谓语动词 (一般过去时 was) 误填 were/is,忽略主语 gain 单数+过去时态 7 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (过去分词 studied 作后置定语) 误填 studying,未识别被动关系 8 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变副词(sharp→sharply) 误写 sharp 原形,忽略副词修饰动词的需求 9 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词 (现在分词 living 作定语) 误填 lived 或 to live,未识别主动关系 10 有提示词 形容词&副词词形转换 比较级(low→lower) 误填 low 原形,忽略并列比较语境(higher...fewer...lower) 四、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 rural /ˈrʊərəl/ adj. 2 urban /ˈɜːbən/ adj. 3 indication /ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 4 calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ v. 5 measurement /ˈmeʒəmənt/ n. 6 disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ n. 7 facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 8 striking /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ adj. 9 recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 10 trend /trend/ n. 11 due to / / 12 divide...by / / 13 increase by / / 14 be due to / / 15 in rural areas / / 五、长难句拆解 In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

资源预览图

2027届高考英语二轮复习-语法填空专题讲义-浙江卷-真题命题逻辑解码与提分策略
1
2027届高考英语二轮复习-语法填空专题讲义-浙江卷-真题命题逻辑解码与提分策略
2
2027届高考英语二轮复习-语法填空专题讲义-浙江卷-真题命题逻辑解码与提分策略
3
所属专辑
相关资源
示范课
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。