Unit 6 课时4 Section B（1a-1e）（情境教学课件）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

该初中英语课件围绕“太空探索”主题展开科普阅读教学，核心知识点包括太空探索的距离挑战、人类成就与未来展望。课堂导入通过提问“Have you ever stared at stars...”及视频激发兴趣，Pre-reading环节借助词汇学习、宇宙知识拓展（系外行星、黑洞、光年）和旅行者1号背景介绍搭建学习支架，帮助学生衔接文本内容。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过识别科普报告文体特征、思维导图梳理文章框架（1d复述任务）提升逻辑思维，结合“地球问题与太空探索”辩证讨论（Let’s think!）渗透文化意识中的人类命运共同体理念。学生能在实践中提升语言运用与科学思维，教师可依托结构化流程和丰富资源（视频、思维导图）优化教学效率。

课型：阅读课 Unit 6 Beyond Earth Section B How far can we go into space? 课时：1a-1e 能够识别科普文章文体特征，借助略读、寻读获取文本主旨与细节信息，理清文章 的行文逻辑；掌握本课核心词汇、短语，理解被动语态等语言结构在语境中的表意功能。（学习理解） 01 辩证思考深空探索的价值与潜在问题；结合已有航天知识探讨人类星际旅行的前景，运用所学语言有理有据地表达个人看法，感悟人类勇于探索未知的科学精神。（迁移创新） 03 学生依托思维导图梳理文本框架，口头完成课文复述；能够围绕课文问题开展结对交流，运用本课词汇、句型清晰表达关于太空探索的基础观点，做到信息引用贴合原文。（应用实践） 02 教学目标 -01- Lead-in Have you ever stared at stars at night and wondered what stars really are? Let’s watch and learn. -02- Pre-reading Where do you prefer to find information about space exploration? Choose the ones that are true for you. 1a A. Popular science magazines. B. Science fiction books. C. Online news. I like popular science magazines because they offer true scientific knowledge. I enjoy science fiction books. They are full of exciting imagination about space. Meanwhile, I check online news to tell the difference between real space facts and fictional stories. Words and Expressions mysterious adj. 神秘的；奇怪的 spacecraft n. (pl. spacecraft) 宇宙飞船 Words and Expressions on board 在船（或火车、飞机）上 in case 以防万一 Something about the Universe Exoplanet 系外行星 Exoplanets refer to planets circling stars besides the Sun. Scientists have discovered thousands of exoplanets so far. Some exoplanets share similar size, temperature and environment with Earth. Therefore, scientists guess that liquid water and even life may exist on these planets. 外行星指围绕太阳以外的恒星运转的行星。迄今为止，科学家已经发现了数千颗系外行星。部分系外行星在体积、温度、环境方面和地球十分相似，因此科学家猜测这些星球上或许存在液态水，甚至生命。 Something about the Universe black hole 黑洞 A black hole is a special object in space. Its gravity is so strong that nothing, even light, can escape from it. We cannot see black holes directly, but scientists can find them by watching nearby stars. Many black holes lie far away in deep space. 黑洞是宇宙中神秘的天体，它拥有极强的引力。在它的引力范围内，任何物质都无法逃离，就连光也不例外，因此我们无法直接观测黑洞。科学家通过观测周边恒星的运动轨迹，判断黑洞的存在。黑洞广泛分布在深邃的宇宙之中。 Something about the Universe light year 光年 A light-year is NOT a unit of time. It is a distance. Light travels at the fastest speed in the universe. One light-year means how far light can travel in one year. Proxima Centauri is 4.2 light-years away from Earth. That explains why travelling to other stars is such a huge challenge. 光年不是时间单位，是距离单位。光速是宇宙最快速度，1 光年代表光一年内走过的路程。比邻星距离地球 4.2 光年，这也解释了为什么前往其他恒星是巨大难题。 Pre-reading What is this? Voyager 1 旅行者 1号探测器 Voyager 1 is a space probe sent by humans. It was launched in 1977. Its task was to explore outer planets. On board, there is a golden record, acting as a message to possible alien life. By 2025, it has travelled more than 25 billion kilometres away from Earth. Even so, it cannot reach any star soon. The nearest star is 4.2 light-years away, which means the journey will take thousands of years. Reaching for the Stars Pre-reading What do you think the passage is about? It may talk about human dream of travelling to distant stars, our space exploration future and so on. Let’s watch and learn. -03- While-reading Read the title and the text quickly. Where would you find an article like this? 1b Reaching for the Stars Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. Many ancient cultures believed that these points of light were from gods or other mysterious worlds. However, as science and technology developed, we learnt the truth about stars. They are real places like our own sun, and they are farther away than anyone imagined. This raises the question: Can we visit the stars one day? The man-made object which has travelled farthest from Earth is Voyager 1. This spacecraft was launched in 1977. In case Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. It shows who we are and where we are from. By 2025, Voyager 1 was over 25 billion kilometres from Earth, but that is still a long way from Earth’s second-closest star, Proxima Centauri. That star is 4.2 light years away—about 40 trillion kilometres! The challenge of visiting the stars gets even bigger for space flights with Identifying the text type Before you read, decide what kind of text it is. Is it a sci-fi story, popular science article, news report, or something else? Read the title and the text quickly. Where would you find an article like this? 1b humans. The farthest that any human has travelled in space is only about 400,000 kilometres, to the far side of the moon. Time is a big problem. At present, even a journey to the planet Mars will take around six to nine months. What will the astronauts eat and drink during this period? And how about their health and safety? These problems grow when we talk about visiting another star. It might take hundreds of thousands of years to get there! Scientists, however, believe that visiting the stars is not a completely wild dream. One idea is to have the astronauts sleep during their journey, like some animals do in winter. Another is to develop much faster spacecraft. While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. Humans have photographed other galaxies, set foot on the moon, and even successfully landed rovers on Mars. It seems likely that one day we will reach the stars. Reaching for the Stars Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. Many ancient cultures believed that these points of light were from gods or other mysterious worlds. However, as science and technology developed, we learnt the truth about stars. They are real places like our own sun, and they are farther away than anyone imagined. This raises the question: Can we visit the stars one day? The man-made object which has travelled farthest from Earth is Voyager 1. This spacecraft was launched in 1977. In case Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. It shows who we are and where we are from. By 2025, Voyager 1 was over 25 billion kilometres from Earth, but that is still a long way from Earth’s second-closest star, Proxima Centauri. That star is 4.2 light years away—about 40 trillion kilometres! The challenge of visiting the stars gets even bigger for space flights with Passage Analysis Human’s curiosity about stars The long journey of Voyager 1 humans. The farthest that any human has travelled in space is only about 400,000 kilometres, to the far side of the moon. Time is a big problem. At present, even a journey to the planet Mars will take around six to nine months. What will the astronauts eat and drink during this period? And how about their health and safety? These problems grow when we talk about visiting another star. It might take hundreds of thousands of years to get there! Scientists, however, believe that visiting the stars is not a completely wild dream. One idea is to have the astronauts sleep during their journey, like some animals do in winter. Another is to develop much faster spacecraft. While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. Humans have photographed other galaxies, set foot on the moon, and even successfully landed rovers on Mars. It seems likely that one day we will reach the stars. Passage Analysis Hope for future exploration The difficulties of space travel Read again and match each paragraph with its main idea. 1c Paragraph 1 A. Long distance space travel is difficult for humans. Paragraph 2 B. Humans have long been curious about the stars. Paragraph 3 C. In the future, it may be possible to visit a star. Paragraph 4 D. No spacecraft has travelled close to a star. They believed the lights were from gods or mysterious worlds. Because they lacked modern science to explain stars. What did some ancient cultures think about the stars? Why? Let’s read and think! Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. Many ancient cultures believed that these points of light were from gods or other mysterious worlds. However, as science and technology developed, we learnt the truth about stars. They are real places like our own sun, and they are farther away than anyone imagined. This raises the question: Can we visit the stars one day? 1 A special record with Earth’s sounds and pictures. It is prepared in case alien life finds Voyager 1 and learns about humans. What is carried on board by Voyager 1? Why? Let’s read and think! The man-made object which has travelled farthest from Earth is Voyager 1. This spacecraft was launched in 1977. In case Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. It shows who we are and where we are from. By 2025, Voyager 1 was over 25 billion kilometres from Earth, but that is still a long way from Earth’s second-closest star, Proxima Centauri. That star is 4.2 light years away—about 40 trillion kilometres! 2 Humans have travelled to the far side of the moon, about 400,000 km. What is the farthest trip that a human has travelled from Earth? Do you know any details about it? Let’s read and think! The challenge of visiting the stars gets even bigger for space flights with humans. The farthest that any human has travelled in space is only about 400,000 kilometres, to the far side of the moon. Time is a big problem. At present, even a journey to the planet Mars will take around six to nine months. What will the astronauts eat and drink during this period? And how about their health and safety? These problems grow when we talk about visiting another star. It might take hundreds of thousands of years to get there! 3 Astronauts can sleep during the journey; scientists can develop much faster spacecraft. What are the two ideas for travelling to stars? Let’s read and think! Scientists, however, believe that visiting the stars is not a completely wild dream. One idea is to have the astronauts sleep during their journey, like some animals do in winter. Another is to develop much faster spacecraft. While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. Humans have photographed other galaxies, set foot on the moon, and even successfully landed rovers on Mars. It seems likely that one day we will reach the stars. 4 Humans have photographed other galaxies, set foot on the moon and landed rovers on Mars. What space achievements has human beings made? Let’s read and think! Scientists, however, believe that visiting the stars is not a completely wild dream. One idea is to have the astronauts sleep during their journey, like some animals do in winter. Another is to develop much faster spacecraft. While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. Humans have photographed other galaxies, set foot on the moon, and even successfully landed rovers on Mars. It seems likely that one day we will reach the stars. 4 -04- Post-reading Discuss the questions. Find more information to support your answers. 1e 5. What do you think about the future of space exploration? Space exploration will keep developing. New technology will be created, but we also need to protect Earth. Complete the mind map with the information from the text. You can use your own words. 1d wondered truth 1977 record six to nine safety sleep develop Retell the passage according to the mind map. Since ancient times, humans have been curious about the stars. As science developed, people learnt the truth about them. Voyager 1, launched in 1977, is the farthest man-made spacecraft. It carries a special record to show alien life about humans. However, travelling to stars is full of challenges. Long space journeys take a very long time, and astronauts will face problems with food, health and safety. Still, scientists do not give up. They have ideas to solve these problems. Maybe astronauts can sleep during the trip, and we can build faster spacecraft. With international cooperation, new technology will be developed. It seems possible that humans will reach the stars one day. Some people say we should spend money solving Earth’s problems instead of exploring distant stars. Do you agree? Why or why not? New technology developed for space can be used to improve life on Earth. However, … Protecting Earth is important, but space exploration can also help humans. Let’s think! -05- Language Points Language Points 宾语从句 提出问题 定语从句 Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. Many ancient cultures believed that these points of light were from gods or other mysterious worlds. However, as science and technology developed, we learnt the truth about stars. They are real places like our own sun, and they are farther away than anyone imagined. This raises the question: Can we visit the stars one day? The man-made object which has travelled farthest from Earth is Voyager 1. This spacecraft was launched in 1977. In case Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. It shows who we are and where we are from. By 2025, Voyager 1 was Language Points 光年 目前，现在 月球背面 成千上万的，数十万 over 25 billion kilometres from Earth, but that is still a long way from Earth’s second-closest star, Proxima Centauri. That star is 4.2 light years away—about 40 trillion kilometres! The challenge of visiting the stars gets even bigger for space flights with humans. The farthest that any human has travelled in space is only about 400,000 kilometres, to the far side of the moon. Time is a big problem. At present, even a journey to the planet Mars will take around six to nine months. What will the astronauts eat and drink during this period? And how about their health and safety? These problems grow when we talk about visiting another star. It might take hundreds of thousands of years to get there! Language Points 不切实际的幻想 踏上；登上 与…… 合作 尽管 Scientists, however, believe that visiting the stars is not a completely wild dream. One idea is to have the astronauts sleep during their journey, like some animals do in winter. Another is to develop much faster spacecraft. While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. Humans have photographed other galaxies, set foot on the moon, and even successfully landed rovers on Mars. It seems likely that one day we will reach the stars. -06- Exercises Voyager 1 ________ in 1977 and has flown billions of kilometres. A．launched B．was launched C．launches D．will be launched 2 —Why is a record put on Voyager 1? —________ alien life finds it, they can know about Earth. A．In case B．In time C．At present D．As soon as 3 More energy resources ________ on the moon in the future. A．find B．found C．will be found D．are found 1 Multiple choice. Pictures of other galaxies ___________ (take) by space telescopes years ago. All the space problems _____________ (solve) with better technology later. A special record ____________ (carry) on Voyager 1 for alien life. Space exploration not only brings us knowledge but also _________ (improve) our daily life. We are looking forward to ________ (learn) more about the deep space. Scientists are working hard ________ (find) signs of alien life. were taken 语法填空 will be solved was carried improves learning to find -07- Homework 1. Memorize the new words and phrases. 2. Retell the passage according to the mindmap. 3. Finish the exercises. Homework Thanks! Lavf57.71.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 Lavf59.27.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $你肯定听说过旅行者一号这个名字，它是人类有史以来飞得最远的探测器，在未来也可能是第一个飞出太阳系的探测器。1977年9月，旅行者一号发射升空。这是美国宇航局研制的一艘无人外太阳系空间探测器，重825点5000克，携带有宇宙射线传感器、等离子传感器、磁强剂、广角窄角电视摄像仪、红外干涉仪等11种科学仪器。在旅行者探测器探索任务出现前，科学家们计算，1977年正好赶上176年才会出现一次的行星特殊排列方式，那时木星、土星、天王星和海王星都将运行到助推的理想点，形成一个队列。这意味着发射探测器的话利用引力弹弓效应，加上少量的燃料用作航道修正，探测器可以一次造访多个行星。旅行者一号和二号就是为此设计的。拜这次机会所赐，两艘飞船只需要用上12年的时间就能造访四个行星，而不是一般的30年。时间旅行者一号借此机会完成了对木星和土星的探索任务，他的第一个拜访对象是太阳系内最大的行星木星。在飞行到距离木星35万公里的地方，旅行者一号拍下了木星的图像。这是人类第一次看到了真正的木星，之后我们又见到了木星上的大红斑。旅行者一号还在木卫一上拍摄到了火山熔岩流，这是人类首次在地球之外的天体上发现活火山。到了土星，虽然旅行者一号不是第一个造访土星的探测器，但它给地球发回了土星的高分辨率图像，探测了土星环的复杂结构，并且对土卫六泰坦的大气层进行了观测。NASA决定让旅行者一号靠近土卫六进行更深的探测。这一决定也改变了旅行者一号的命运，靠近土卫六让他获得了额外的盈利，最终使旅行者一号离开了黄道，终止了他的探索行星任务。接下来，旅行者一号离开了土星，沿着黄道平面35度角星际向蛇夫座进发，他的任务也被正式更名为星际探索任务。1990年，旅行者一号已经飞离地球60亿公里了。在情人节这天，科学家们突然心血来潮，让旅行者一号最后一次回望母亲，拍下了一张照片，并且传回了地球。照片里漆黑的宇宙中，地球只剩下一个淡蓝色的小点，仅占了0点一二个像素的大小，而就在这个小点上，大约70亿的地球人就生活在上面。旅行者一号是利用布的放射性能量来发电的，简单来说就是核电池，它可以用好几十年。不过根据科学家估算，旅行者一号的电力将在2020年消耗殆尽。目前旅行者一号与人类基本上处于半失联状态，我们将在2025年彻底失去它的信号，它仍然会继续向银河系中心前进，但不会向地球发回数据。这里我们要提一下，旅行者一号上还搭载了一份献给外太空生物的礼物。那是一张铜质磁盘唱片，上面包含了地球的位置、自然界的各种声音、人类的身体结构、生活场景等照片，还有55种语言录制的问候。即使过了11年，这张唱片的音质依然不变。旅行者一号不仅是一个探测器，它还是人类送到宇宙中的无声信使。截至2019年10月，旅行者一号距离太阳大约211亿公里，与地球的距离也十分遥远。地球上发出的信号要经过20个小时才能被旅行者一号接收到，而旅行者一号的回复也要经过20个小时回到地球。有很多人说旅行者一号已经飞出太阳系，其实并不然，它目前刚刚出了太阳层顶，要离开太阳系，还要穿过太阳系的最后一道屏障奥尔特云，以现在旅行者一号17公里每秒的飞行速度，抵达奥尔特云还需要300年，而穿越奥尔特云需要3万年，而旅行者一号要到达离地球最近的恒星系统也需要四万多年的时间。宇宙太大了，即使旅行者一号真的能安然无恙的穿越太阳系，达到别的恒星系统，我们这一代人可能也没有机会等到那一刻。那我们为什么源源不断地向太空发射探测器？或者说我们为什么还要去探索宇宙？康德曾经说过，在这个世界上有两样东西值得我们仰望终生，一个是我们头顶上的璀璨星空，一个是人们心中崇高的道德标准。正是因为宇宙所包含的无限可能性，得以让我们始终保持一颗热爱与敬畏去探索未知。也希望视频面前的每个你，能通过这些视频感受与欣赏到宇宙的浩瀚和伟大。 The city sky is Frankly rather boring. If you look up at the patches of milk between buildings, you might be able to pick out the big deeper er or perhaps ryans built but hold on, look at that monkey patch again and hold out your thumb. How many stars do you think are behind the ten twenty? Guess again, if you looked at that thu nail sized patch of sky with the hubble space telescope, instead of points of light, you'd see smugs. These aren't stars, the galaxies just like our milky way cities of billions of stars, and more than a thousand of them are hidden behind your, the universe is bigger than you can see from the city, and even bigger than the story sky you can see from the countryside. This is the universe, as astrophysicists see you with more stars than all the grains of and on earth. By staring up at the stars at night, you've taken part in the oldest science in human history. The study of the heavens is older than navigation, agriculture, perhaps even language itself. Yet, unlike other sciences, astronomy is purely observation. We cannot control the parameters of our experiments from lab ventures. Our best technology can send band to the moon and probes to the edge of the solar system. But these distances are vanishingly small compared to the yarn gulf between stars. So how can we know so much about other galaxies, what they're made of, how many there are, or that they are even there at all? Well, we can start with the first thing we see. When we look up at night, the stars, what we are trying to learn is their properties. What are they made of, how hot are they? How massive? How old? How far are they from earth? And believe IT or not, we can learn all of these things simply from the light winning in the sky. We can define a one kind of Stellar message by turning starlight into rainbows. When you look at a rainbow on earth, you're really looking at light from our sun being scattered through water drop lets in the atmosphere into all the different wavelengths that make IT up. And when we study the light from other stars, we can create rainbows on demand using knock water drop lets. But other specific instruments that disperse light, when we look at the scattered light from our sun, we see something strange, dark lines in our rainbow. These lines are the characteristic fingerprints of Adams. Each type of adam in the service atmosphere soaks up light at specific wavelength, and the amount of absorption depends on how many of these atoms they are. So by observing how much light is missing at these characteristic wavelengths, we can tell not only what elements are in the sun's atmosphere, but even their concentrations. And the same idea can be applied to study other stars, make a spectral rainbow, see what's missing and figure out which elements are present. bingo. Now, you know what stars are made of, but we are aren't restricted to just the wavelengths that our eyes perceive. Consider radio waves. Yes, they can bring the billboard top one hundred to your car, but they can also travel almost uncompleted through space because they've come so far. Radio waves can tell us the very early history of the universe from just a few thousand years after the big bang. We can also study the infant light emitted by colder objects like the gas and dust clouds in space, and the ultra Violet light from the hot stars recently born from those clouds. Studying different wavelength only gives us a more complete picture of any single object, but also different views of the universe. For this reason, astro physicists use several different kinds of telescope covering the spectrum, from the infant to the ultra Violet to the x ray, from giant radio dishes to giant silver mirrors to space satellites detecting light that would be otherwise blocked by the earth's atmosphere. Astros physicists don't just see the billions of stars among the billions of galaxies in the universe. They hear, feel and sense them through many channels, each revealing a different story. But IT all begins with light, the kind we can see and the kind we can't want to know. The secrets of the universe. Just follow the light.