Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good（核心语法精练）英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦关系副词引导的限制性定语从句，通过基础辨析到语篇应用的分层训练，系统构建语法知识与解题能力，提升语言运用的准确性与逻辑性。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考点夯基|单项选择20题、语法填空25题、完成句子20题、句型转换20题|基础题聚焦关系副词when/where/why及“介词+关系代词”的选择与运用，通过句子合并、补全强化语法规则|从关系副词基本用法辨析，到句子层面的结构构建，形成“概念-应用”的逻辑链条| |综合提升|语法填空3篇、阅读理解1篇、读后续写1题|结合真题场景，在语篇中考查定语从句的理解与输出，强化语境应用能力|从单句语法到语篇理解，实现知识从孤立规则到综合运用的迁移，培养语言能力与思维品质|

Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 核心语法精练 (由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句) 目录 1 1 一、单项选择 1 二、判断下列句子属于简单句，并列句，主从复合句 3 三、阅读短文，写出划线句子是简单句，并列句还是复合句 3 四、完成句子 4 6 一、语法填空(模考真题) 6 二、阅读理解(模考真题) 7 三、应用文写作(模考真题) 8 一、单项选择 1. I will never forget the days ________ I studied with my best friends. A. when B. which C. that D. what 2. The stage ________ we are standing now is famous for animal migration shows. A. which B. where C. why D. when 3. I will never forget the day ________ I joined the music club. A. which B. when C. who D. what 4. The shop ________ I bought my bag is near our school. A. when B. why C. where D. who 5. The moment ______ we reached the top of the mountain is the one ______ we will never forget in our whole life. A. when; that B. which; which C. that; what D. when; which 6. We visited the factory ________ my father worked ten years ago. A. where B. that C. which D. when 7. ________ is not known how this phenomenon has come into being — in a culture ________ so many people strive to look the same way, and any slight difference in appearance rapidly singles you out. A. It; where B. What; where C. Which; where D. As; in which 8. I still have a few sweet memories of my childhood ________, and I remember times ________ I explored caves in the mountains with my friends. A. in advance; that B. by chance; when C. in particular; when D. in addition; that 9. The summer holiday is the time ________ people often go to take photos in the wild. A. when B. where C. that D. whose 10. I still remember the summer ________ we travelled together. A. where B. when C. that D. which 11. I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A. why B. where C. when D. who 12. The reason ______ he refused to attend the party is that he felt unwell. A. which B. why C. when D. where 13. I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A. why B. where C. when 14. He didn’t tell the teacher the reason ________ he was late for class. A. that B. which C. why D. who 15. Could you tell me the reason ________ so many animals are in serious trouble? A. which B. that C. why D. how 16. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village in ________ he lived five years ago. A. when B. which C. where D. that 17. The school ________ Kevin teaches is a famous one, ________ was set up 100 years ago. A. where; that B. that; which C. in which; which D. whose; where 18. I don’t like the way _________ he treats his friends. A. on which B. for which C. in which D. at which 19. This is the room ________ we lived last year. A. which B. in which C. that D. what 20. Reading is an effective means ______ people can broaden their horizons and enrich their minds. A. on which B. in which C. by which D. for which 二、单句语法填空 1. Can you suggest a time it will be convenient to me? 2. There are times personal feelings can't be allowed to intrude. 3. I will never forget the time I learned about the mystery of animal migration. 4. The moment the robot completed the task successfully excited the whole team. 5. The company I am going to is the place my mother used to work many years ago. 6. We are now in a good position all is in our hands. 7. We reached a stage we had to answer violence with violence. 8. This is the house his brother was born ten years ago. 9. Do you know the reason he was absent from the meeting? 10. This is the reason she was angry. 11. Nobody knows the reason she didn’t go to the party. 12. The reason he opposed the plan is not clear to us. 13. We have entered an age many things are done by smart phones. 14. The reason she came late was that she was stuck in the traffic. 15. The reason she did it is that she wouldn’t let her parents feel disappointed. 16. Creating an atmosphere students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers. 17. I remember you showed me many photos, the contents which are about environment protection. 18. It was a crisis for I was totally unprepared. 19. The policeman Mr. Wells is talking is a friend of mine. (用“介词+关系代词”填空) 20. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. (用“介词+关系代词”填空) 21. He bought a telescope he could study the stars. (用“介词+关系代词”填空) 22. She is the girl with I contacted. 23. I don’t know the reason which he failed to attend the party. 24. The parts of town which they had to live were decided by white people. 25. They visited an ancient museum people can learn about the development of local culture. 三. 完成句子 1. 我们生活在一个交流比以前更容易的时代。 We live in an age ________________. 2. 有一段时期人们认为西红柿是有毒的。 There was a time ________________. (when引导的定语从句) 3. 如果这可行的话，那么黑脉金斑蝶的数量可能会再次增加。(when引导的定语从句) If this works, ________________ the number of monarch butterflies increases once again. 4. 曾经有一段时间我认为我的父亲不知道如何做一位好父亲。(when) ________________ I thought my dad didn’t know a thing about being a good father. 5. 新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。(a time when…一个……的时代) There comes ___________ the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 6. 这是为数不多的几个(车辆)靠左行驶的国家之一。 It’s one of the few countries ________________. (where引导的定语从句) 7. 最终，它设法到达了它将要过冬的地方。where引导的定语从句 Eventually, it manages to reach the places ________________. 8. 如果我们面临必须在保护文化遗址和修建道路之间做出选择的情况，会怎样呢? ________ we ________ we have to choose between protecting a cultural site and building a road? 9. 这里的很多英语学习者正处于能读懂一些单词但不能写或者说出来的阶段。(stage) Many English learners here are at ________________ they can read some words but can’t write or speak them. 10. 他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好。 The reason _______ he failed the English exam was _______ he didn’t learn it well. 11. 每年需要重新注射(injection)的原因是这种病毒不断变化。 ________________ is that the virus constantly changes. (The reason why …) 12. 当然，他们如此兴奋的主要原因是熊猫太可爱了。reason后的定语从句与表语从句 And of course, the main reason ________________ is ________________. 13. 足球是我最喜欢的运动的原因有很多。 There _________football is my favorite sport. 14. 我不知道你和她吵架的原因。 I don’t know the reason ______. 15. 那么, 为什么他突然强迫我做一件我肯定会失败的事情呢？ So, why did he suddenly force me to do something ________________? 16. 许多国家都在建立国家公园，在那里动植物可以受到保护。 Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected. 17. 他拒绝这份工作的原因，我们所有人都不清楚。 The reason ______ he refused the job remains unknown to all of us. 18. 我永远都不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。 I’ll never forget the time ________________ in the country. (介词+关系代词引导的定语从句) 19. 他花两万元买的那幅书法作品现在值三万元了。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句；pay) The calligraphy work ________ ________ ________ ________ 20,000 yuan is worth 30,000 yuan now. 20. 这就是那本我从中学到了许多知识的书。 This is the book ________________. 四、句型转换 1. There is a moment. You will feel the beauty of Chinese words at that moment. (用关系副词 when/where/why合并限制性定语从句) _____________________________________________________________________ 2. I will never forget the day. I first learned to write Chinese characters on that day. (用关系副词when/where/why合并限制性定语从句) _____________________________________________________________________ 3. I will never forget the day. I joined the club on that day. (用定语从句合并句子) →I will never forget the day ________ I joined the club. 4. I remember the day. I joined the school football team on the day.(合并定语从句) →I remember the day ________ I joined the school football team. 5. He grew up in the small town. After graduation, he returned to the small town. → After graduation, he returned to the small town __________. (合并句子) 6. The chemist often does experiments in the lab. The lab is not far from here. → The lab __________ is not far from here. (合并句子) 7. The club is a great place. We share learning skills in the club. (用关系副词 when /where/why合并限制性定语从句) _____________________________________________________________________ 8. I miss the classroom. We held English corners in the classroom last term. (用关系副词 when /where/why合并限制性定语从句) _____________________________________________________________________ 9. Please explain the reason. You gave up practicing writing brush for the reason. (用关系副词 when /where/why合并限制性定语从句) _____________________________________________________________________ 10. You’re focused on the reason. You’re doing it in the first place for the reason. (合并句子) →You’re focused on ________________. 11. Why did he make the decision? I struggled to understand the reason. (把单句合成复合句) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 12. He didn’t pass the exam. The reason was his laziness. (用表语从句合并) → ________________________________________________________________ 13. Singapore is one of few countries. People drive on the left there. (用定语从句改写句子) _______________________________________________________________________________ 14. The big house looks beautiful. Tom lives in the big house. (用定语从句合并句子) _______________________________________________________________________________ 15. He went to a big city. Many of his friends work in the city. (改写定语从句) →________________________________________________ 16. Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. → ____________ is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. 17. The person you just talked to is Mr. Li. (句型转换) →The person ________________ you just talked is Mr. Li. 18. This is the reason. He left for this reason. (用定语从句改写) This is the reason ________ ________ he left. 19. The school is very famous. He studied in it ten years ago. (用定语从句改写) The school ________ ________ he studied ten years ago is very famous. 20. We bought a book. We learn Chinese culture from the book. (用介词 + 关系代词合并句子) _____________________________________________________________________ 一、语法填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 1 was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is   2 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said. To guarantee the 3 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 5 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the  Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6 (bring) many changes to the world’s 7 (large) royal complex(建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 8 (treasure) come alive again. “ 9 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 10 people’s daily lives,” he said. B Red envelopes have played 1 important part in Chinese New Year for as long as anyone can remember. So what’s the story behind the red envelopes during Chinese New Year? One popular story 2 (date) back to the Qin Dynasty, when the elderly would thread coins onto a red string. This money 3 (call) yasui qian in Chinese, meaning “ money protecting oneself from evil spirits ” , and was believed to protect elder people from sickness and 4 (die). As the printing press became more common, the yasui qian was replaced 5 red envelopes. Another legend tells of a village 6 a demon(恶魔)would terrorize children at night. It was believed that the demon would touch the children’s heads while they were asleep, 7 (cause) serious illness. From there, a theory emerged that when they prayed, the god would send eight fairies to protect the child. The fairies would disguise(伪装) 8 (they) as eight coins and hide under the child’s pillow. When the demon got close, the coins would begin to shine very 9 (bright), blinding the demon. Word began to spread and the villagers started giving red envelopes 10 (fill) with coins to each other to put under their pillows at night. As time passed, red envelopes became a way to bring good luck and prosperity to the receiver. C Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting. In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake 1 (consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 2 the cheeks. This is also common in France, 3 the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 4 universal rule. During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate, 5 (leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends 6 (hug) each other – something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 7 (frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 8 (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well. Wouldn’t it be 9 (enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 10 (wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding. 二、阅读理解 The obesity crisis in America has given rise to a cottage industry of weight-loss plans. Currently trendy is intermittent fasting, which involves alternating intervals of extreme calorie reduction with periods of normal eating. Dr. Frank Hu of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health notes that one popular pattern is the “5:2 diet”: eat normally for five days a week, but restrict intake to just 500 — 600 calories on the other two days. Despite its appeal, intermittent fasting has significant pitfalls. In a 2017 study, the fasters performed no better than conventional calorie cutters, and the dropout rate among the fasting group was a striking 38% — a real-life reflection of the difficulty. As Dr. Hu notes, it’s human nature to reward oneself after hard work, so there is a danger of giving way to unhealthy dietary habits on non-fasting days. Moreover, your appetite hormones and hunger center go into overdrive when you are starved of food. That said, intermittent fasting may have benefits for some people. Kathy McManus of Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women’s Hospital shares that one of her American patients didn’t want to be bothered with tracking calories and chose a 5:2 approach, which has worked well for him so far. Animal research in the U.S. also suggests fasting may reduce cancer risk and slow aging, as it can activate cellular mechanisms that boost immune function and reduce inflammation(炎症). However, there is no strong evidence that fasting adds health benefits beyond any other weight-loss strategy, nor has it been proved sustainable in the long term. If you are considering intermittent fasting, be sure to discuss it with your doctor. Skipping meals and severely limiting calories can be dangerous for people with certain conditions. And, as Dr. Hu warns, Americans live in a toxic, unhealthy food environment — so you will need a strong social support network to endure very low-calorie days over the long term. 1. How does “intermittent fasting” work? A. By eating normally on all seven days. B. By limiting calories during certain days. C. By exercising more on non-fasting days. D. By taking special weight-loss medicine. 2. What did the 2017 study find about intermittent fasting? A. It enhanced people’s healthy eating habits. B. It helped fasters lose twice as much weight. C. It stopped appetite hormones getting overactive. D. It offered no benefits over traditional calorie cutting. 3. What is the author’s attitude to the advantages of intermittent fasting? A. Enthusiastic. B. Approving. C. Pessimistic. D. Doubtful. 4. What is suggested about intermittent fasting in the last paragraph? A. It needs social support to remain sustainable. B. It requires no specialized medical consultation. C. It demands significant changes in daily routine. D. It suits most people with different health conditions. 三、读后续写 David, a senior high school student, hated weekly PE class. Not because he didn’t like sports, but because even a short run would leave him breathless. At 16, he weighed over 100 kilograms. He tried dieting several times, only to quit within a week. Ms. Clark, the school doctor, had long noticed David’s problems. At every health check, his condition worsened: high blood pressure, high blood lipids(高血脂) and knee pain. She advised him on healthy eating and exercise. “My knees hurt,” he would say. Or “I’m just too busy with my school work.” Sometimes he blamed the canteen food, other times, the exam stress. However, Ms. Clark noticed the other side of David. She’d often spot him buried in textbooks in the library. She’d also hear teachers praise him for being active in group projects — a contrast to his give-up attitude towards fitness. One day, Ms. Clark read a story about a teacher who treated her slow history class as an honors class. Believing the students were “gifted”, she pushed them harder — and they all made great progress. Inspired, Ms. Clark decided to try something similar. She selected five overweight students, including David, and formed a special group. “From today on,” she announced, “you are my honors health class. We’ll work together and you are expected to lose at least 10 kilograms and improve your fitness by the end of this semester.” David let out a laugh, “I’ve failed so many times.” “That’s because you expected to fail,” Ms. Clark said firmly. “But honors students don’t quit.” She taught them how to keep a food diary and how to do simple exercise. David lost 1.5 kilograms in the first week — more than he had lost in the past two years combined. However, three weeks into the program, disaster struck. It was mid-term exam week. David stayed up late every night, snacking on instant noodles and cookies. At the weekly weigh-in, he regained all the weight he’d lost — plus half a kilogram. He stood silently before the group, his face burning with shame. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Ms. Clark pulled David aside and said, “I’m still proud of you.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The following week, David stood confidently with his group at the weigh-in. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 1 / 9 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 核心语法精练 (由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句) 参考答案 考点夯基 一、单项选择 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C 16. B 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. C 二、单句语法填空 1. when 2. when 3. when 4. when 5. where 6. where 7. where 8. where 9. why 10. why 11. why 12. why 13. when/in which 14. why/for which 15. why/for which 16. where / in which 17. of 18. which 19. about whom/with whom/to whom 20. to which 21. through which 22. whom 23. for 24. in 25. from/in which 三. 完成句子 1. when/in which people can communicate more easily than ever before 2. when people thought tomatoes were poisonous 3. there may come a time when 4. There was a time when 5. a time when 6. where people drive on the left 7. where it will spend the winter 8. What if; face a situation where 9. the stage where 10. why ; that 11. The reason why the injection needs repeating every year 12. why they were so excited; that pandas are just so cute 13. There are many reasons why 14. why/for which you quarreled with her 15. at which I was sure to fail 16. where/in which 17. for which/why 18. during which I spent my childhood 19. for which he paid 20. from which I have learnt a lot 四、句型转换 1. There is a moment when you will feel the beauty of Chinese words. 2. I will never forget the day when I first learned to write Chinese characters. 3. when 4. when 5. where he grew up 6. where the chemist often does experiments 7. The club where we share learning skills is a great place. 8. I miss the classroom where we held English corners last term. 9. Please explain the reason why you gave up practicing writing brush. 10. the reason why you’re doing it in the first place 11. I struggled to understand the reason why he made the decision. 12. The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was lazy. 13. Singapore is one of few countries where/in which people drive on the left. 14. The big house where Tom lives looks beautiful./The big house in which Tom lives looks beautiful. 15. He went to a big city in which many of his friends work./He went to a big city where many of his friends work. 16. The reason why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple/The reason for which scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple 17. to whom 18. for which 19. in which 20. We bought a book from which we learn Chinese culture. 综合提升 一、语法填空 A 1. whom 2. truly 3. safety 4. planning 5. themselves 6. has brought 7. largest 8. treasures 9. What 10. to B 1. an 2. dates 3. was called 4. death 5. with 6. where 7. causing 8. themselves 9. brightly 10. filled C 1. is considered 2. on 3. where 4. a 5. leaving 6. to hug 7. frightened 8. strangers 9. enjoyable 10. widely 二、阅读理解 1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 三、读后续写 Ms. Clark pulled David aside and said, “I’m still proud of you.” She patted his back gently, saying mid-term exams brought great stress to every student, and it was understandable to lose control of his diet. “Your first-week weight loss proved you have the strength to change,” she added. She helped David adjust his plan: replace late-night instant noodles with yogurt and fruit, and do 5-minute light stretches after each study session. Encouraged by her words, David lifted his head, his shame fading, and determined to stick to the plan this time. The following week, David stood confidently with his group at the weigh-in. He stepped on the scale steadily, and a bright smile appeared on his face when he saw the number — he had lost 2 kilograms. The group cheered loudly for him. David turned to Ms. Clark, expressing his sincere gratitude. He finally realized that setbacks were normal, and persistence was the key to success. From then on, he balanced his study and fitness well, moving steadily towards his weight-loss goal. ( 1 / 3 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 核心语法精练 (由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句) 目录 1 1 一、单项选择 1 二、判断下列句子属于简单句，并列句，主从复合句 5 三、阅读短文，写出划线句子是简单句，并列句还是复合句 8 四、完成句子 12 16 一、语法填空(模考真题) 16 二、阅读理解(模考真题) 19 三、应用文写作(模考真题) 20 一、单项选择 1. I will never forget the days ________ I studied with my best friends. A. when B. which C. that D. what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记我和最好的朋友一起学习的日子。此处考查限定性定语从句，先行词是the days，从句缺时间状语，应用关系副词when。 2. The stage ________ we are standing now is famous for animal migration shows. A. which B. where C. why D. when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们现在所在的这个舞台，因动物迁徙表演而闻名。空处到now为定语从句，先行词为the stage，从句中缺少地点状语，此时应用关系副词where引导定语从句。 3. I will never forget the day ________ I joined the music club. A. which B. when C. who D. what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记我加入音乐俱乐部的那一天。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the day，从句需要时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 4. The shop ________ I bought my bag is near our school. A. when B. why C. where D. who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我买包的那家商店在我们学校附近。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词shop，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，因此应用关系副词where引导。 5. The moment ______ we reached the top of the mountain is the one ______ we will never forget in our whole life. A. when; that B. which; which C. that; what D. when; which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们到达山顶的那一刻是我们一生中永远不会忘记的时刻。第一空先行词为The moment，其后的定语从句we reached the top of the mountain主谓宾结构完整，先行词在从句中作时间状语，故使用关系副词when；第二空先行词为the one(指代前面的the moment)，其后的定语从句we will never forget in our whole life中谓语动词forget缺少宾语，需用关系代词，且当先行词为the one时，关系代词通常使用that。 6. We visited the factory ________ my father worked ten years ago. A. where B. that C. which D. when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们参观了我父亲十年前工作过的那家工厂。先行词factory表示地点，定语从句my father worked ten years ago中缺少地点状语，故应使用关系副词where引导。that和which为关系代词，在从句中充当主语或宾语；when为关系副词，在从句中作时间状语。 7. ________ is not known how this phenomenon has come into being — in a culture ________ so many people strive to look the same way, and any slight difference in appearance rapidly singles you out. A. It; where B. What; where C. Which; where D. As; in which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：目前尚不清楚这种现象是如何形成的——在一个很多人都力求看起来一样的文化中，外表上的任何细微差异都会让你显得格外扎眼。第一空使用it作形式主语，真正的主语为how引导的主语从句；第二空引导定语从句，先行词为culture，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。 8. I still have a few sweet memories of my childhood ________, and I remember times ________ I explored caves in the mountains with my friends. A. in advance; that B. by chance; when C. in particular; when D. in addition; that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我尤其还留有几段童年的美好回忆，我记得那些和伙伴们一起进山探洞的时光。A. in advance提前；that是关系代词；B. by chance偶然；when是关系副词；C. in particular尤其；when是关系副词；D. in addition此外；that是关系代词。结合“have a few sweet memories”以及“I remember times ________ I explored caves in the mountains with my friends.”可知，此处强调尤其有一些童年甜蜜回忆，第一空填介词短语in particular；“_________ I explored caves in the mountains with my friends”是限制性定语从句修饰先行词times，关系词指代先行词在该从句中作时间状语，第二空要用关系副词when。 9. The summer holiday is the time ________ people often go to take photos in the wild. A. when B. where C. that D. whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：暑假是人们常去野外拍照的时段。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the time表时间，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 10. I still remember the summer ________ we travelled together. A. where B. when C. that D. which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我仍然记得我们一起旅行的那个夏天。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词the summer，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，因此需要用关系副词when引导该从句。 11. I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A. why B. where C. when D. who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想知道你昨天上学迟到的原因。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the reason(原因)，定语从句解释“迟到的原因”，表示原因用关系副词why，在从句中作原因状语。 12. The reason ______ he refused to attend the party is that he felt unwell. A. which B. why C. when D. where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他拒绝参加聚会的原因是他觉得不舒服。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the reason，其在从句中作原因状语，故需用关系副词why引导该从句。 13. I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A. why B. where C. when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想知道你昨天上学迟到的原因。本空引导定语从句，先行词是the reason，关系词代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。 14. He didn’t tell the teacher the reason ________ he was late for class. A. that B. which C. why D. who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他没有告诉老师他上课迟到的原因。空处引导定语从句，先行词为the reason，从句缺原因状语，需要用关系副词why连接。 15. Could you tell me the reason ________ so many animals are in serious trouble? A. which B. that C. why D. how 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你能告诉我这么多动物处境艰难的原因吗？分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the reason，定语从句缺少原因状语，用关系副词why，表示“……的原因”。 16. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village in ________ he lived five years ago. A. when B. which C. where D. that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天李明去了他五年前住过的村子。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the village，指物。由于空格前有介词in，构成“介词+关系代词”结构。在定语从句中，当先行词指物且介词提前时，关系代词只能使用which，不能使用that或where。 17. The school ________ Kevin teaches is a famous one, ________ was set up 100 years ago. A. where; that B. that; which C. in which; which D. whose; where 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：凯文任教的学校是一所著名的学校，它建立于100年前。第一空为定语从句，句中先行词为The school，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导，或用介词in +which引导。第二空为非限定性定语从句，句中先行词为代词one，指代名词school，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故选C。 18. I don’t like the way _________ he treats his friends. A. on which B. for which C. in which D. at which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不喜欢他对待朋友的那种方式。A. on which；B. for which；C. in which；D. at which。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the way，表示“以某种方式”搭配介词in，本句用“介词in+关系代词which”引导。 19. This is the room ________ we lived last year. A. which B. in which C. that D. what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是我们去年住过的房间。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the room，从句中live为不及物动词，需加介词in再接地点，关系词在从句中作in的宾语，用“介词in+关系代词which”引导 。 20. Reading is an effective means ______ people can broaden their horizons and enrich their minds. A. on which B. in which C. by which D. for which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：阅读是一种有效的方式，人们可以通过它来开阔眼界，丰富头脑。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词means(方式，方法)。在定语从句中，表示“通过这种方式”常使用固定搭配by this means，因此介词需用by，关系代词用which指代先行词means作介词的宾语。 二、单句语法填空 1. Can you suggest a time it will be convenient to me? 【答案】when 【详解】句意：你能给我推荐一个我方便的时间吗？先行词time表时间，定语从句不缺主宾，用关系副词when引导从句，且充当时间状语。 2. There are times personal feelings can't be allowed to intrude. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：有些时候不应该让个人感情介入。此处引导定语从句，从句主谓完整不缺主宾，先行词为times，表示时间，所以使用关系副词when引导。 3. I will never forget the time I learned about the mystery of animal migration. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记我了解动物迁徙奥秘的那一刻。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词time表时间，在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 4. The moment the robot completed the task successfully excited the whole team. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：机器人成功完成任务的那一刻让整个团队都激动不已。此处为定语从句，先行词the moment，表示时间，在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 5. The company I am going to is the place my mother used to work many years ago. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：我要去的这家公司是我母亲多年前工作过的地方。先行词是the place，在定语从句my mother used to work many years ago中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。 6. We are now in a good position all is in our hands. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：我们现在处于有利局面，一切尽在掌控之中。设空处引导定语从句，先行词position在此处表示“局面、处境”，属于抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作状语，因此用关系副词where引导。 7. We reached a stage we had to answer violence with violence. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：我们已到了必须以暴力回应暴力的地步。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a stage，先行词是抽象的地点，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。 8. This is the house his brother was born ten years ago. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：这就是他弟弟十年前出生的那座房子。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the house，关系词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在这座房子里出生”，应用关系副词where引导。 9. Do you know the reason he was absent from the meeting? 【答案】why 【详解】句意：你知道他缺席会议的原因吗？空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的原因，作原因状语，应用关系副词why作引导词。 10. This is the reason she was angry. 【答案】why 【详解】句意：这就是她生气的原因。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。 11. Nobody knows the reason she didn’t go to the party. 【答案】why 【详解】句意：没有人知道她没有去参加聚会的原因。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the reason，关系词代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。 12. The reason he opposed the plan is not clear to us. 【答案】why 【详解】句意：他反对这个计划的理由我们还不清楚。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the reason，关系词在从句中作状语，应用关系副词why引导。 13. We have entered an age many things are done by smart phones. 【答案】when/in which 【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我们已经进入了一个很多事情都由智能手机完成的时代。先行词age表示“时代”，在定语从句中作时间状语，结合固定搭配in the age，故用in which，相当于关系副词 when引导。故填when/in which。 14. The reason she came late was that she was stuck in the traffic. 【答案】why/for which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她迟到的原因是堵车了。for the reason“由于这个原因”。“____she came late”为定语从句，先行词是The reason，关系词代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，可用关系副词why或“介词for+关系代词which”引导。故填why/for which。 15. The reason she did it is that she wouldn’t let her parents feel disappointed. 【答案】why/for which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她做这件事的原因是她不想让父母失望。在这个句子中，The reason是先行词，后面的“she did it”是定语从句。定语从句中缺少原因状语，即“她做这件事的原因”，所以要用关系副词why来引导定语从句，why在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which。故填why/for which。 16. Creating an atmosphere students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers. 【答案】where / in which 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：对我们老师来说，创造一个学生可以自由表达自己的氛围是一个很大的挑战。此处atmosphere是先行词，关系词替代先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，也用in which=where。故答案为where/in which。 17. I remember you showed me many photos, the contents which are about environment protection. 【答案】of 【详解】句意：我记得你给我看过很多照片，这些照片的内容都是关于环境保护的。the contents _______ which are about environment protection是“名词+介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句结构，which指代先行词many photos；由于the contents和many photos构成所属关系，要填介词of。 18. It was a crisis for I was totally unprepared. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：这是一场我完全没预料到的危机。crisis后是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是crisis，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词which。 19. The policeman Mr. Wells is talking is a friend of mine. (用“介词+关系代词”填空) 【答案】about whom/with whom/to whom 【详解】句意：威尔斯先生正在谈论的那位警察是我的朋友。/正和威尔斯先生交谈的那位警察是我的朋友。________ Mr. Wells is talking是介词+关系代词引导的定语从句修饰表示“人”的先行词the policeman；talk可以和介词about搭配，表示“谈论”，也可以与介词with或to搭配，表示“与……交谈”，三组搭配语法均成立；介词+关系代词引导的定语从句修饰表示“人”的先行词时关系代词只能用whom，故about/with/to whom都符合题干要求。 20. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. (用“介词+关系代词”填空) 【答案】to which 【详解】句意：风能是一种古老的能源，在不久的将来我们或许会重新采用这种能源。动词return搭配介词to构成固定短语return to，表示“回归、重新采用”；先行词energy是事物，介词后需用关系代词which，因此组合为to which。 21. He bought a telescope he could study the stars. (用“介词+关系代词”填空) 【答案】through which 【详解】句意：他买了一台望远镜，通过这台望远镜他能够观测星体。观测星体需要透过望远镜，介词through表示“透过、通过”；先行词telescope为事物，介词后搭配关系代词which，因此组合为through which。 22. She is the girl with I contacted. 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：她就是我联系过的那个女孩。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the girl指人，关系词在介词with后作宾语，只能用关系代词whom。 23. I don’t know the reason which he failed to attend the party. 【答案】for 【详解】句意：我不知道他没能参加聚会的原因。空处和空后的which搭配，形成“介词+关系代词”的结构，引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，固定搭配是for the reason，表示“由于这个原因”。 24. The parts of town which they had to live were decided by white people. 【答案】in 【详解】句意：他们不得不居住的城镇区域是由白人决定的。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The parts of town；在从句中，live为不及物动词，需与介词in连用表示“居住在……”，所以此处使用介词in。 25. They visited an ancient museum people can learn about the development of local culture. 【答案】from/in which 【详解】句意：他们参观了一座古老的博物馆，从(在)那里人们可以了解当地文化的发展。先行词是an ancient museum，在定语从句people can learn about the development of local culture中，learn from...表示“从……学习”，此处表示从博物馆了解当地文化发展，所以用from which引导定语从句，也可以用in which 表示在博物馆里。 三. 完成句子 1. 我们生活在一个交流比以前更容易的时代。 We live in an age ________________. 【答案】when/in which people can communicate more easily than ever before 【详解】考查定语从句。此处意为“交流比以前更容易”，表达为people can communicate more easily than ever before，此处easily为副词，修饰动词communicate，且时间状语为than ever before，故应用比较级more easily。根据句意可知，此处可用when引导定语从句，修饰先行词an age，when在定语从句中作时间状语，故表达为when people can communicate more easily than ever before。且when可用“介词+which”替换，根据先行词age可知，应用介词in，故也可表达为：in which people can communicate more easily than ever before。故答案为：when/in which people can communicate more easily than ever before。 2. 有一段时期人们认为西红柿是有毒的。 There was a time ________________. (when引导的定语从句) 【答案】when people thought tomatoes were poisonous 【详解】根据汉语提示及括号提示“when引导的定语从句”可知，空处需用when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time；关系副词when在从句中作时间状语；“人们认为西红柿是有毒的”可表达为people thought tomatoes were poisonous，从句用一般过去时，与主句There was a time的时态保持一致。 3. 如果这可行的话，那么黑脉金斑蝶的数量可能会再次增加。(when引导的定语从句) If this works, ________________ the number of monarch butterflies increases once again. 【答案】there may come a time when 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“可能会有这样的时候”；“可能会有这样的时候”可表达为there may come a time，其后接when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词time，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。 4. 曾经有一段时间我认为我的父亲不知道如何做一位好父亲。(when) ________________ I thought my dad didn’t know a thing about being a good father. 【答案】There was a time when 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处表示“曾经有一段时间”，可用there be句型表示“有”，时态用一般过去时，“一段时间”可用名词短语a time，空后是完整的句子，因此用关系副词when引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词time，且句首单词的首字母需大写。 5. 新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。(a time when…一个……的时代) There comes ___________ the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 【答案】a time when 【详解】表示“一个……的时代”用固定句型a time when，其中when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词a time。 6. 这是为数不多的几个(车辆)靠左行驶的国家之一。 It’s one of the few countries ________________. (where引导的定语从句) 【答案】where people drive on the left 【详解】空处用where引导定语从句修饰先行词countries，在从句中作地点状语。“行驶”用动词drive，对应主语用people；“靠左”用介词短语on the left。从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。 7. 最终，它设法到达了它将要过冬的地方。where引导的定语从句 Eventually, it manages to reach the places ________________. 【答案】where it will spend the winter 【详解】中英文句子对比可知，空处需填入修饰先行词the places的定语从句；先行词the places表地点，且在从句中充当地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句；从句主语“它”用代词it，“过冬”译为spend the winter，“过冬”是抵达地点之后将要发生的动作，谓语用一般将来时will spend。 8. 如果我们面临必须在保护文化遗址和修建道路之间做出选择的情况，会怎样呢? ________ we ________ we have to choose between protecting a cultural site and building a road? 【答案】What if; face a situation where 【详解】表示“如果……会怎样呢”可用What if，为固定句型；表示“面临……的情况”可用face a situation where，根据句意可知，此处描述的是假设情况，用一般现在时表假设，face在从句中作谓语，where引导定语从句修饰situation。 9. 这里的很多英语学习者正处于能读懂一些单词但不能写或者说出来的阶段。(stage) Many English learners here are at ________________ they can read some words but can’t write or speak them. 【答案】the stage where 【详解】“阶段”为名词stage，特指在“能读懂一些单词但不能写或者说出来的阶段”，stage前用定冠词the，the stage为先行词，后跟定语从句，关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句。 10. 他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好。 The reason ________ he failed the English exam was _______ he didn’t learn it well. 【答案】 why; that 【详解】表示“……的原因是……”句型为the reason why...is/was that...；why引导定语从句修饰先行词reason；that引导表语从句。 11. 每年需要重新注射(injection)的原因是这种病毒不断变化。 ________________ is that the virus constantly changes. (The reason why …) 【答案】The reason why the injection needs repeating every year 【详解】根据汉语提示及括号提示结构“The reason why …”可知，此处应用固定句型“The reason why ... is that ...”意为“……的原因是……”；injection表示“注射”，“需要重新注射”可用injection needs repeating，其中“needs repeating”为动名词主动形式表被动含义。时间状语every year“每年”置于句末，说明本句话为一般现在时态。 12. 当然，他们如此兴奋的主要原因是熊猫太可爱了。reason后的定语从句与表语从句 And of course, the main reason ________________ is ________________. 【答案】why they were so excited; that pandas are just so cute 【详解】根据句意，第一空表示“他们如此兴奋的”修饰先行词the main reason，使用定语从句，“他们如此兴奋”描述过去的事情，为一般过去时，表达为they were so excited，从句中不缺主语和宾语，表示原因，使用关系副词why引导定语从句，所以第一空为why they were so excited。第二空位于be动词之后，为表语从句；reason作主语时，后面的表语从句只能用that引导，that不作成分且不可省略，从句表述客观特点，使用一般现在时，表示“熊猫”为pandas作主语，表示“太可爱”可使用just so cute作表语，主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词be应使用are，第二空为that pandas are just so cute。 13. 足球是我最喜欢的运动的原因有很多。 There _________football is my favorite sport. 【答案】There are many reasons why 【详解】“有”使用there be句型，“很多”使用形容词many作定语，“原因”使用名词复数reasons，作主语，“足球是我最喜欢的运动的”译为一个定语从句，修饰reasons，关系词在从句中作原因状语，使用关系副词why引导，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。 14. 我不知道你和她吵架的原因。 I don’t know the reason ______. 【答案】why/for which you quarreled with her 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。此处使用限定性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，关系词在从句作原因状语，故用why或for which；主语为you；表示“和……吵架”短语为quarrel with，her作宾语，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填why/for which you quarreled with her。 15. 那么, 为什么他突然强迫我做一件我肯定会失败的事情呢？ So, why did he suddenly force me to do something ________________? 【答案】at which I was sure to fail 【详解】考查定语从句。根据汉语提示，表示“一定会做某事”用固定短语be sure to do sth，根据前文的did可知，此处应该使用一般过去时；表示“在……方面失败”用fail at sth，此处构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句的结构，修饰先行词something。故填at which I was sure to fail。 16. 许多国家都在建立国家公园，在那里动植物可以受到保护。 Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected. 【答案】where/in which 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句中先行词为national parks，表地点。在定语从句animals and plants can be protected中，先行词需作地点状语，即 “在国家公园里动植物能被保护”,关系词为where或者in which。故填where/in which。 17. 他拒绝这份工作的原因，我们所有人都不清楚。 The reason ______ he refused the job remains unknown to all of us. 【答案】for which/why 【详解】考查定语从句。“____ he refused the offer”为定语从句，先行词是The reason，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why或“介词+关系代词which”结构，这里用介词for表示“……的原因”，故填for which/why。 18. 我永远都不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。 I’ll never forget the time ________________ in the country. (介词+关系代词引导的定语从句) 【答案】during which I spent my childhood 【详解】“在那段时光里”对应介词during，先行词the time指事物，介词后只能用关系代词which；句子描述过去已经经历的童年，时态选用一般过去时，“度过我的童年”译为I spent my childhood。 19. 他花两万元买的那幅书法作品现在值三万元了。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句；pay) The calligraphy work ________ ________ ________ ________ 20,000 yuan is worth 30,000 yuan now. 【答案】for which he paid 【详解】表示“为……支付”，根据提示词，可用短语pay for，先行词The calligraphy work为物，根据提示使用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，介词for提前至关系代词之前，关系代词用which指代先行词，从句主语为he，“花两万元买”为过去发生的动作，谓语动词pay用一般过去时paid。 20. 这就是那本我从中学到了许多知识的书。 This is the book ________________. 【答案】from which I have learnt a lot 【详解】此处为介词+关系代词结构定语从句，修饰先行词book，表示“从中学到”短语为learn from，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which；主语为I；表示“学到了许多”为learn a lot，表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时。 四、句型转换 1. There is a moment. You will feel the beauty of Chinese words at that moment. (用关系副词 when/where/why合并限制性定语从句) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is a moment when you will feel the beauty of Chinese words. 【详解】句意：存在这样一个时刻，在这个时刻你会感受到中文文字的美感。原句是两个独立简单句，结合题目要求可知用表示时间的a moment作先行词，用关系副词when引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词，将从句you will feel the beauty of Chinese words嵌入先行词后，when在从句中作时间状语指代at that moment，合并后得到符合语法规则的定语从句复合句，最终得到句子：There is a moment when you will feel the beauty of Chinese words. 2. I will never forget the day. I first learned to write Chinese characters on that day. (用关系副词when/where/why合并限制性定语从句) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I will never forget the day when I first learned to write Chinese characters. 【详解】句意：我不会忘记那一天。那天我第一次学习书写汉字。将原第一句处理为主句，原第二句处理为定语从句，原第二句句末时间状语“on that day”中所说的“那一天”，即为原第一句中的宾语“the day”,将“the day”作为先行词，为表示时间的名词，此时需用关系副词when引导定语从句，置于先行词之后，并省略原第二句中的时间状语“on that day”，合并后的句子为“I will never forget the day when I first learned to write Chinese characters.”，其中when到句末为定语从句,when在从句中作时间状语，相当于on that day。 3. I will never forget the day. I joined the club on that day. (用定语从句合并句子) →I will never forget the day ________ I joined the club. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记加入俱乐部的那一天。先行词the day表时间，从句成分完整，缺时间状语，用when引导。 4. I remember the day. I joined the school football team on the day.(合并定语从句) →I remember the day ________ I joined the school football team. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：我记得我加入校足球队的那一天。原句中前后均有the day，可以将第一句中的the day作为先行词，表时间，从句主谓宾成分完整，缺少时间状语，用when引导。 5. He grew up in the small town. After graduation, he returned to the small town. → After graduation, he returned to the small town __________. (合并句子) 【答案】where he grew up 【详解】句意：毕业后，他回到了自己长大的小镇。两句有相同名词the small town，用定语从句合并；将第一句作为定语从句，第二句作为主句。从句修饰先行词the small town，关系词代替先行词在从句中充当地点状语，用关系副词where替换第一句中的in the small town。 6. The chemist often does experiments in the lab. The lab is not far from here. → The lab __________ is not far from here. (合并句子) 【答案】where the chemist often does experiments 【详解】句意：化学家经常在里面做实验的那个实验室离这儿不远。两句有相同名词the lab，用定语从句合并；将第一句调整为定语从句，第二句作为主句。从句修饰先行词the lab，关系词代替先行词在从句中充当地点状语，用关系副词where替换第一句中的in the lab。 7. The club is a great place. We share learning skills in the club. (用关系副词 when /where/why合并限制性定语从句) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The club where we share learning skills is a great place. 【详解】句意：这个俱乐部是一个我们可以分享学习技巧的好地方。将原第一句处理为主句，主语The club为先行词；将原第二句处理为定语从句，该从句中主语为We，谓语为share，宾语为learning skills，in the club为地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句，指代该地点，并置于先行词后，同时省略从句中的in the club，改写后的句子为“The club where we share learning skills is a great place.”，其中where we share learning skills 为定语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。 8. I miss the classroom. We held English corners in the classroom last term. (用关系副词 when /where/why合并限制性定语从句) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I miss the classroom where we held English corners last term. 【详解】句意：我怀念上学期我们在那里举办过英语角的教室。此处改为定语从句，先行词classroom在从句作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。合并的句子为I miss the classroom where we held English corners last term. 9. Please explain the reason. You gave up practicing writing brush for the reason. (用关系副词 when /where/why合并限制性定语从句) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Please explain the reason why you gave up practicing writing brush. 【详解】句意：请说明你放弃练习写毛笔字的原因。将第二句话改为限制性定语从句，定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，故用关系副词why引导，其余部分不变。 10. You’re focused on the reason. You’re doing it in the first place for the reason. (合并句子) →You’re focused on ________________. 【答案】the reason why you’re doing it in the first place 【详解】原句句意：你专注于这个原因。你一开始做这件事就是为了这个原因。原句中有两个the reason，可将第一个the reason作为先行词，用限制性定语从句对其修饰，先行词在从句中表示某事的原因，作原因状语，应用关系副词why作引导词。 11. Why did he make the decision? I struggled to understand the reason. (把单句合成复合句) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I struggled to understand the reason why he made the decision. 【详解】句意：他为什么做出这个决定？我很难理解原因。根据题目要求合并成复合句，可用限制性定语从句，主句为I struggled to understand the reason，先行词为the reason，引导词在从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why引导，从句为why he made the decision，跟在先行词之后；也可用宾语从句表达，作及物动词understand的宾语，用连接副词why引导，在从句中充当原因状语，整个从句表达为why he made the decision，放在动词understand之后。 12. He didn’t pass the exam. The reason was his laziness. (用表语从句合并) → ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was lazy. 【详解】句意：他没有通过考试的原因是他太懒惰了。将第二句中his laziness转换为表语从句that he was lazy，因从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。将第一句变为定语从句，修饰先行词The reason，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作原因状语，用why引导。 13. Singapore is one of few countries. People drive on the left there. (用定语从句改写句子) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Singapore is one of few countries where/in which people drive on the left. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：新加坡是少数几个人们靠左行驶的国家之一。原句合并为定语从句，countries是先行词，在从句People drive on the left there中充当地点状语，相当于in the countries，所以用关系副词where或“介词in + which引导定语从句。故改写为Singapore is one of few countries where/in which people drive on the left. 14. The big house looks beautiful. Tom lives in the big house. (用定语从句合并句子) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The big house where Tom lives looks beautiful./The big house in which Tom lives looks beautiful. 【详解】考查定语从句。 句意：汤姆居住的那座大房子看起来很漂亮。两个句子的相同部分是big house，所以用它作为先行词，代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，关系副词“where”或者“in which”引导定语从句。故填The big house where/in which Tom lives looks beautiful. 15. He went to a big city. Many of his friends work in the city. (改写定语从句) →________________________________________________ 【答案】He went to a big city in which many of his friends work./He went to a big city where many of his friends work. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他去了一个大城市，他的许多朋友都在这个城市工作。两个句子含有共同部分“city”，结合题目要求“改写定语从句”，可以用a big city作先行词，指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以需用关系副词where或介词in+关系代词which引导定语从句，替代in the city。故填：He went to a big city in which/where many of his friends work. 16. Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. → ____________ is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. 【答案】The reason why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple/The reason for which scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们夜以继日地工作抢救这座寺庙的原因是他们想为下一代保存它。分析转换后的句子可知，原句中的原因状语从句转换为that引导的表语从句，此空处应将原句中的主句转换为定语从句修饰先行词the reason，the reason作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写，Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple为定语从句修饰the reason，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词the reason表示原因，所以使用关系副词why或者是for which引导的定语从句。故填The reason why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple/The reason for which scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple。 17. The person you just talked to is Mr. Li. (句型转换) →The person ________________ you just talked is Mr. Li. 【答案】to whom 【详解】句意：你刚才交谈的那个人是李先生。此处为介词+关系代词修饰先行词person，结合短语talk to可知用介词to，作介词的宾语，指人，用whom。 18. This is the reason. He left for this reason. (用定语从句改写) This is the reason ________ ________ he left. 【答案】for which 【详解】句意：这就是他离开的原因。先行词为“the reason”，从句中缺少原因状语，可用“why”或“for which”引导。此处为双空格，应填“for which”。 19. The school is very famous. He studied in it ten years ago. (用定语从句改写) The school ________ ________ he studied ten years ago is very famous. 【答案】in which 【详解】句意：他十年前就读的那所学校非常有名。结合题目要求用定语从句改写，studied in it中的it指代前面的The school，改为定语从句时将介词in提前，用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词which指代先行词The school，在从句中作介词in的宾语，相当于where。 20. We bought a book. We learn Chinese culture from the book. (用介词 + 关系代词合并句子) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We bought a book from which we learn Chinese culture. 【详解】句意：我们买了一本书。我们从这本书中了解中国文化。本题要求借助“介词 + 关系代词”完成两句合并，先行词是事物a book，定语从句中原本搭配为learn Chinese culture from the book，介词用from；关系词指代物，且在介词后作宾语，只能使用关系代词which，将介词提前形成from which来替代原来的from the book，从而衔接前后两个分句，主句We bought a book保持不变。 一、语法填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 1 was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is   2 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said. To guarantee the 3 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 5 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the  Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6 (bring) many changes to the world’s 7 (large) royal complex(建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 8 (treasure) come alive again. “ 9 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 10 people’s daily lives,” he said. 【答案】 1. whom 2. truly 3. safety 4. planning 5. themselves 6. has brought 7. largest 8. treasures 9. What 10. to 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了故宫博物院94年来首次延长开放时间，允许公众在晚上在这座古老的宫殿里庆祝元宵节，并且吸引了很多游客。 1. 考查定语从句连接词。句意：大约3000名幸运的游客获得了政府的免费门票，其中包括77岁的公安志愿者张志福。whom引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，且在定语从句中作介词among的宾语，指人，故填whom。 2. 考查副词。句意：张说:“能被授予这样的特权真的是我的荣幸。”副词修饰整句话，故填truly。。 3. 考查名词。句意：为了保证故宫的安全，今年元宵节活动的组织者使用LED灯而不是传统的纸灯笼和红蜡烛。根据the可知填写名词，博物馆的安全，故填safety。 4. 考查非谓语动词。organizers与plan是主动关系，故填现在分词做后置定语，故填planning。 5. 考查反身代词。句意：这是一个吸引人的事件，让游客沉浸在博物馆的节日气氛中。短语absorb oneself in表示“集中注意力在……上”，指代visitors，故填themselves。 6. 考查动词时态。句意：自从成为故宫博物院院长以来，单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许多变化。根据since可知填写现在完成时，主语是单数名词，故填has brought。 7. 考查形容词最高级。句意：世界上最大的皇家建筑群。根据句意可知应填形容词最高级，故填largest。 8. 考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。 9. 考查名词性从句连接词。句意：“对博物馆来说，重要的不是有多少游客，而是他们离人们的日常生活有多近，”他说。what引导主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填What。 10. 考查介词。短语be close to表示“靠近，接近”，故填介词to。 B Red envelopes have played 1 important part in Chinese New Year for as long as anyone can remember. So what’s the story behind the red envelopes during Chinese New Year? One popular story 2 (date) back to the Qin Dynasty, when the elderly would thread coins onto a red string. This money 3 (call) yasui qian in Chinese, meaning “ money protecting oneself from evil spirits” , and was believed to protect elder people from sickness and 4 (die). As the printing press became more common, the yasui qian was replaced 5 red envelopes. Another legend tells of a village 6 a demon(恶魔)would terrorize children at night. It was believed that the demon would touch the children’s heads while they were asleep, 7 (cause) serious illness. From there, a theory emerged that when they prayed, the god would send eight fairies to protect the child. The fairies would disguise(伪装) 8 (they) as eight coins and hide under the child’s pillow. When the demon got close, the coins would begin to shine very 9 (bright), blinding the demon. Word began to spread and the villagers started giving red envelopes 10 (fill) with coins to each other to put under their pillows at night. As time passed, red envelopes became a way to bring good luck and prosperity to the receiver. 【答案】 1. an 2. dates 3. was called 4. death 5. with 6. where 7. causing 8. themselves 9. brightly 10. filled 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了红包的来历。 1. 考查冠词。part是可数名词单数形式，且important 的发音以元音音素开头，play an important part in... 意为“在……中发挥重要作用”。故填an。 2. 考查时态。date back to意为“始于(某时期)，追溯到……年代”，根据上下文可知，该短语常用一般现在时,没有被动语态和进行时。故填dates。 3. 考查时态和语态。根据下文中的 “ and was believed o protect elder people ”可知，空处应用一般过去时；This money和call之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。故填was called。 4. 考查名词。根据空前的名词sickness和and可知，death与名词sickness是并列的关系，应填名词形式。故填death。 5. 考查介词。此处为“replace A with B ”结构的被动形式，意为“用B替换A”。故填with。 6. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a village，它是表示地点的名词，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以要且关系副词引导该从句，故填 where。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们相信恶魔会在孩子们睡着的时候摸他们的头，结果引起严重的疾病。根据语境可知，此处是表示顺理成章的结果，应用动词-ing形式作结果状语。故填causing。 8. 考查代词。此处指仙女们把自己伪装成八个硬币。当主语和宾语是同一个人或物时，宾语要用其反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。 9. 考查副词。根据空前的动词shine和very可知,此处应用副词brightly修饰动词shine。故填brightly。 10. 考查非谓语动词。red envelopes与fill之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，意思是“被装满了硬币的信封”，所以应用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填filled。 C Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting. In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake 1 (consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 2 the cheeks. This is also common in France, 3 the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 4 universal rule. During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate, 5 (leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends 6 (hug) each other – something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 7 (frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 8 (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well. Wouldn’t it be 9 (enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 10 (wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding. 【答案】 1. is considered 2. on 3. where 4. a 5. leaving 6. to hug 7. frightened 8. strangers 9. enjoyable 10. widely 【导语】本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历和例子讲述了不同的国家有非常不同的问候方式。 1. 考查时态语态。句中主语a firm handshake和动词consider是被动关系，此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实，与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is considered。 2. 考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊，在脸上用介词on。故填on。 3. 考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，先行词是France，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，故填where。 4. 考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式，此处表示一种普遍的规律，universal开头是辅音因素，故填a。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，故填leaving。 6. 考查动词不定式。句中What is common here是主语从句，此处强调具体的动作用不定式作表语。故填to hug。 7. 考查形容词。句意：拥抱总是让我很害怕，因为我不喜欢拥抱。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词，故填frightened。 8. 考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数形式，故填strangers。 9. 考查形容词。句意：有一个被广泛接受的问候代码不是很令人愉快吗?此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语，故填enjoyable。 10. 考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词，指广泛接受的，故填widely。 二、阅读理解 The obesity crisis in America has given rise to a cottage industry of weight-loss plans. Currently trendy is intermittent fasting, which involves alternating intervals of extreme calorie reduction with periods of normal eating. Dr. Frank Hu of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health notes that one popular pattern is the “5:2 diet”: eat normally for five days a week, but restrict intake to just 500 — 600 calories on the other two days. Despite its appeal, intermittent fasting has significant pitfalls. In a 2017 study, the fasters performed no better than conventional calorie cutters, and the dropout rate among the fasting group was a striking 38% — a real-life reflection of the difficulty. As Dr. Hu notes, it’s human nature to reward oneself after hard work, so there is a danger of giving way to unhealthy dietary habits on non-fasting days. Moreover, your appetite hormones and hunger center go into overdrive when you are starved of food. That said, intermittent fasting may have benefits for some people. Kathy McManus of Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women’s Hospital shares that one of her American patients didn’t want to be bothered with tracking calories and chose a 5:2 approach, which has worked well for him so far. Animal research in the U.S. also suggests fasting may reduce cancer risk and slow aging, as it can activate cellular mechanisms that boost immune function and reduce inflammation(炎症). However, there is no strong evidence that fasting adds health benefits beyond any other weight-loss strategy, nor has it been proved sustainable in the long term. If you are considering intermittent fasting, be sure to discuss it with your doctor. Skipping meals and severely limiting calories can be dangerous for people with certain conditions. And, as Dr. Hu warns, Americans live in a toxic, unhealthy food environment — so you will need a strong social support network to endure very low-calorie days over the long term. 1. How does “intermittent fasting” work? A. By eating normally on all seven days. B. By limiting calories during certain days. C. By exercising more on non-fasting days. D. By taking special weight-loss medicine. 2. What did the 2017 study find about intermittent fasting? A. It enhanced people’s healthy eating habits. B. It helped fasters lose twice as much weight. C. It stopped appetite hormones getting overactive. D. It offered no benefits over traditional calorie cutting. 3. What is the author’s attitude to the advantages of intermittent fasting? A. Enthusiastic. B. Approving. C. Pessimistic. D. Doubtful. 4. What is suggested about intermittent fasting in the last paragraph? A. It needs social support to remain sustainable. B. It requires no specialized medical consultation. C. It demands significant changes in daily routine. D. It suits most people with different health conditions. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 【导语】文章介绍了间歇性断食的运作方式、研究发现的缺点、潜在好处以及注意事项。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Currently trendy is intermittent fasting, which involves alternating intervals of extreme calorie reduction with periods of normal eating. (目前流行的是间歇性禁食，即在极端减食与正常进食之间交替进行。)”和“one popular pattern is the “5:2 diet”: eat normally for five days a week, but restrict intake to just 500 — 600 calories on the other two days (一种流行的方法是“5:2饮食法”：每周五天正常进食，另外两天则限制摄入量在500至600卡路里之间)”可知，间歇性禁食的运作是通过在特定的日子里限制卡路里摄入。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a 2017 study, the fasters performed no better than conventional calorie cutters, and the dropout rate among the fasting group was a striking 38% — a real-life reflection of the difficulty. (在2017年的一项研究中，禁食者的表现与常规减脂者无异，而禁食组的退出率高达38%，这真实反映了其实施过程中的巨大困难。)”可知，该研究发现，相比传统节食间歇性禁食没有提供额外的好处。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, there is no strong evidence that fasting adds health benefits beyond any other weight-loss strategy, nor has it been proved sustainable in the long term. (然而，没有强有力的证据表明禁食比任何其他减肥策略能带来更多的健康益处，也没有证据表明它能长期持续。)”可知，目前无法确定间歇性禁食有更多益处，或具有可持续性，表明作者对其益处持怀疑态度。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And, as Dr. Hu warns, Americans live in a toxic, unhealthy food environment — so you will need a strong social support network to endure very low-calorie days over the long term. (而且，正如胡博士所警告的，美国人生活在一个有毒且不健康的饮食环境中——因此，你必须拥有强大的社会支持网络，才能长期坚持极低热量饮食。)”可知，间歇性禁食需要社会支持才能保持可持续性。 三、读后续写 David, a senior high school student, hated weekly PE class. Not because he didn’t like sports, but because even a short run would leave him breathless. At 16, he weighed over 100 kilograms. He tried dieting several times, only to quit within a week. Ms. Clark, the school doctor, had long noticed David’s problems. At every health check, his condition worsened: high blood pressure, high blood lipids(高血脂) and knee pain. She advised him on healthy eating and exercise. “My knees hurt,” he would say. Or “I’m just too busy with my school work.” Sometimes he blamed the canteen food, other times, the exam stress. However, Ms. Clark noticed the other side of David. She’d often spot him buried in textbooks in the library. She’d also hear teachers praise him for being active in group projects — a contrast to his give-up attitude towards fitness. One day, Ms. Clark read a story about a teacher who treated her slow history class as an honors class. Believing the students were “gifted”, she pushed them harder — and they all made great progress. Inspired, Ms. Clark decided to try something similar. She selected five overweight students, including David, and formed a special group. “From today on,” she announced, “you are my honors health class. We’ll work together and you are expected to lose at least 10 kilograms and improve your fitness by the end of this semester.” David let out a laugh, “I’ve failed so many times.” “That’s because you expected to fail,” Ms. Clark said firmly. “But honors students don’t quit.” She taught them how to keep a food diary and how to do simple exercise. David lost 1.5 kilograms in the first week — more than he had lost in the past two years combined. However, three weeks into the program, disaster struck. It was mid-term exam week. David stayed up late every night, snacking on instant noodles and cookies. At the weekly weigh-in, he regained all the weight he’d lost — plus half a kilogram. He stood silently before the group, his face burning with shame. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Ms. Clark pulled David aside and said, “I’m still proud of you.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The following week, David stood confidently with his group at the weigh-in. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Ms. Clark pulled David aside and said, “I’m still proud of you.” She patted his back gently, saying mid-term exams brought great stress to every student, and it was understandable to lose control of his diet. “Your first-week weight loss proved you have the strength to change,” she added. She helped David adjust his plan: replace late-night instant noodles with yogurt and fruit, and do 5-minute light stretches after each study session. Encouraged by her words, David lifted his head, his shame fading, and determined to stick to the plan this time. The following week, David stood confidently with his group at the weigh-in. He stepped on the scale steadily, and a bright smile appeared on his face when he saw the number — he had lost 2 kilograms. The group cheered loudly for him. David turned to Ms. Clark, expressing his sincere gratitude. He finally realized that setbacks were normal, and persistence was the key to success. From then on, he balanced his study and fitness well, moving steadily towards his weight-loss goal. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了超重的高中生David讨厌体育课，多次减肥失败，在校医Clark女士的鼓励下加入健康荣誉班，初期减肥见效，却因期中考试熬夜暴食反弹羞愧不已，最终在Clark女士的引导下重拾信心、坚持健身的故事。 【详解】 1. 段落续写 ① 由第一段首句内容可知，接下来可描写Clark女士安慰David，肯定他之前的努力，帮他分析反弹原因并调整健身计划，缓解他的羞愧感，激发他的斗志。 ② 由第二段首句内容可知，接下来可描写David坚持调整后的计划，称重时取得新进展，得到同伴和Clark女士的认可，进而坚定健身信念，学会平衡学习与健身。 2. 续写线索 Clark女士安慰鼓励David——分析体重反弹原因、调整健身计划——David重拾信心、坚持执行计划——称重取得新突破——坚定健身信念、平衡学习与健身 3.词类激活 行为类 ①轻拍：pat/tap ②抬起(头)：lift/raise ③鼓舞：encourage/inspire 情绪类 ①羞愧：shame/guilt ②感激：gratitude/appreciation 【点睛】 [高分句型1]She patted his back gently, saying mid-term exams brought great stress to every student, and it was understandable to lose control of his diet. (运用了现在分词saying作状语) [高分句型2]He finally realized that setbacks were normal, and persistence was the key to success. (运用了that引导宾语从句) ( 1 / 22 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $