Unit4 Inventions 单元测试（深圳专用）2026-2027学年沪教版英语八年级上册

Unit 4 Inventions单元测试（深圳专用） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ （考试时间：70分钟 试卷满分：75分） Ⅰ.完形填空（10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 Inventions have greatly changed human life. From ancient times to modern days, new inventions keep coming out and pushing society forward. In the old days, people’s life was very hard. They had no fast traffic tools, so traveling was slow and 1 . They had no communication tools, so it was hard to share news with people far away. Most work was done by hand, which was tiring and 2 much time. Thanks to great inventors, many useful things were created. The wheel made traffic much faster. The telephone helped people 3 with each other easily. The computer and the Internet make our study and work more 4 . These inventions have become necessary parts of our life. However, every coin has two sides. Some inventions also bring 5 . For example, cars make travel easy, but they also cause air pollution. Smart phones bring convenience, but they make many people 6 to them and waste lots of time. Inventors are great. They are brave enough to 7 new ideas and keep testing. They never stop exploring the unknown world. Their spirit tells us that nothing is 8 if we keep trying. We should respect inventions and use them 9 . At the same time, we should learn to think and create. Maybe we can become useful 10 in the future. 1．A．comfortable B．difficult C．cheap D．popular 2．A．saved B．cost C．took D．spent 3．A．communicate B．argue C．fight D．compare 4．A．difficult B．boring C．convenient D．dangerous 5．A．problems B．chances C．dreams D．prizes 6．A．interested B．addicted C．relaxed D．surprised 7．A．come up with B．look up C．give up D．pick up 8．A．possible B．impossible C．important D．unimportant 9．A．carelessly B．wisely C．blindly D．freely 10．A．inventors B．teachers C．doctors D．workers Ⅱ.阅读理解（40分） 第一节 阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题，每小题1.5分） A The 138th Canton Fair opened in Guangzhou on 15 October 2025. This important trade event takes place twice a year, once in spring and once in autumn. It has set new records this October, with over 32,000 exhibitors (参展商) and over 240,000 buyers from 218 countries and regions. The number of buyers from the EU, the US, and Belt and Road countries increased sharply. The fair is full of new inventions and products. Surveys show that over 1,000,000 new products are being shown, about 800,000 of them making their first appearance. For the first time, the fair created a special smart medical area. There, 47 companies showed high-tech products like surgical (外科手术的) robots and smart monitoring systems. Another popular area was the service robot area, where 46 leading companies showed humanoid robots, robotic dogs, and robot coffee machines. Canyigit Atay, a buyer from Turkiye, said, “The Canton Fair always has something new and creative.” His company, Arzum, found new robot coffee makers here and has started working with a Chinese company. Another buyer, Hamat Tofiq Ahmed, who serves customers in the Middle East, was interested in air conditioners from Gree that can work well in very high temperatures (温度). A Gree manager said they are showing over 130 products, including 50 new models, and are working to reach more customers in Europe, the US, Latin America, and Africa. Yuanhua Tech, a company founded in 2018, showed a robotic arm that can cut models very precisely (精确地). The founder said their surgical robots have already helped in over 5,000 surgeries. Over 10,000 exhibitors at the fair are national high-tech companies, making this year’s event full of smart technology and new ideas. 11．How many Canton Fairs did Guangzhou host before 2025? A．135. B．136. C．137. D．138. 12．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．The different robots shown at the fair. B．The robots and medical things at the fair. C．The size of the fair and where buyers are from. D．The new products and special new areas at the fair. 13．Why was Hamat interested in Gree’s air conditioners? A．They can work well in the hot weather. B．They are made for European markets. C．They are the most creative. D．They are the cheapest. 14．What is the main job of Yuanhua Tech’s robotic arm? A．Making coffee. B．Monitoring systems. C．Performing surgeries. D．Cutting models perfectly. 15．How does the passage mainly develop? A．By telling different true stories. B．By asking and answering questions. C．By giving facts, numbers, and examples. D．By comparing the past with the present. B Chinese soldiers are now welcoming some new “teammates”: robot dogs. These China-made robots recently showed their amazing skills at the China-Cambodia “Golden Dragon 2024” joint exercise in May. During the joint exercise, Chinese team members were able to control a robot dog called Go2 remotely (远程地). It quickly checked for obstacles (障碍) like fences and old tires. With cameras on its head, “Go2 can send live video back to headquarters,” Yang Shengzhi, a Chinese member who took part in the joint exercise, told CCTV. Go2 is also very small, weighing only 15 kilograms. It can do things like jumping, moving backward and even lying down— just like a real dog. It can work for two to four hours at a time before it needs a “rest”. A heavier robot dog, B1, can not only check areas but also attack. It carries a gun on its back and can shoot when ordered to. It can carry things as heavy as 80 kilograms on its back. “It’s our new teammate,” another exercise member, Chen Wei, told CCTV. The robot dogs can help soldiers in dangerous tasks, such as going through rainforests or other unclear environments, said The EurAsian Times. Their help can also stop more soldiers from getting hurt. Apart from human’s best “robot friend”, the drills also showed many other types of smart equipment, such as drones. Instead of fighting in a war, these smart machines are used to solve common threats like terrorism and natural disasters, said CCTV. BEING A GOOD HELPER Robot dogs play an important role in many areas. During the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou in 2023, robot dogs helped find and return thrown discuses. They can move as quickly as a person jogging. Without the robots, people would have needed to cover over 7, 000 meters in a single competition. Robot dogs can also be “lifesavers”. Some robot dogs can also “see” clearly through smoke when there’s a fire thanks to their special cameras. 16．The robot dog, Go2, can ________. A．check for obstacles B．attack enemies C．record live videos D．work without stopping 17．What are the advantages of B1? a. It can check areas.         b. It can shoot enemies. c. It can carry heavy things.         d. It is smaller and lighter than Go2. A．abc B．abd C．acd D．bcd 18．What does Chen Wei think about these robot dogs? A．They are useless. B．They are helpful. C．They are uncontrollable. D．They are dangerous. 19．What does the underlined expression “thanks to” mean? A．感谢 B．多亏 C．根据 D．运用 20．What do soldiers hope the robot dogs will be able to do? A．Show China’s technology development. B．Help soldiers with tasks and prevent them from getting hurt. C．Attack the enemy in a more secretive way. D．Replace real dogs in wars. C The launch of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (北斗卫星导航系统) on June 23, 2020 marks the completion of China’s self-developed and operated BeiDou network, one of the four global navigation networks, along with the USA’s GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo. It also marks the end of the country’s dependence on America for an important service: location data. GPS was the earliest network to provide global location data. The system is owned by America’s government, which means American officials could decide to turn off or downgrade the signals coming from GPS satellites. The main purpose of building BDS is to give China full control over a navigation system. Work on BDS began in the 1990s and included three phases (阶段). The first phase was about building the BeiDou-1 system, which started in 1994 and in 2000 provided positioning (定位), short message telecommunication and timing services in China. The second phase—the BeiDou-2 system, which started in 2004, was completed in 2012. The BeiDou-2 ground system not only serves China but also provides users in the Asia-Pacific region with more than ten satellites and offered services above. The third phase involved the development of the BeiDou-3 system, which started in 2009 and was completed in June, 2020. As one of the IGE members, China is always cooperating with foreign countries and uses BDS to serve global users with high performance and high quality in scientific research. BeiDou’s satellites are more advanced than those of GPS. In the Asia-Pacific region, BeiDou claims (宣称) a 10cm accuracy, compared with 30cm positioning without doing wrong offered by GPS. America began upgrading (升级) its system in 1997 but it may take another 15 years to finish the project. 21．Which of the following name is different from the other three according to the passage? A．BDS. B．GPS. C．Galileo. D．Russia. 22．What’s the importance of the successful launch of BDS? A．It means BDS will be the earliest network to provide global location data. B．It means BDS will be the fourth network to provide global location data. C．It means China can completely control a navigation satellite system. D．It means we can stop American officials from turning off the satellites signals. 23．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．It talks about three phases of work on BDS. B．It tells us the first phase was pretty good. C．It suggests more than ten satellites’ help. D．It mainly introduces a scientific research. 24．What does the underlined word “accuracy” mean in the last Paragraph? A．Correct timing. B．Correct positioning. C．Wrong messages. D．Right orders. 25．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．The completion of BeiDou network puts China ahead technologically. B．It may take the USA more than 30 years to complete the upgrade of GPS. C．America’s GPS is more advanced than BeiDou in the Asia-Pacific region. D．There will be more countries depending on BeiDou system in the future. 第二节 以下是一则短文，请阅读全文，并从下列六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共5小题，每小题2分） The word “inventor” may make people think of something difficult. But in fact, anyone can be an inventor! 26 Here is how you can bring your idea to life. Find a problem to solve. 27 Will it make a daily task easier? Will it help people in a new way? Knowing this will help you guide your design. Then, start thinking of ideas that can solve the problem. 28 After you know the problem, it’s time to go online to check if anything like your idea already exists. If you find the same product online, you need a new idea. If not, you are lucky! You may have a great new idea for your invention. Make a prototype (原型) to see how it works. A prototype is a model of your final product. You can start by drawing a picture of your idea. 29 This helps you see if your idea really works. Sometimes, you may make a few different prototypes before you get it right. This is not always an easy job, but it is very interesting. 30 A．Do research to see if your idea is new. B．Remember, every great invention starts with a simple idea and a lot of hard work. C．You can also share your idea with your friends to get more new ideas. D．Then, you can try to make a simple model with things around your house. E．If you have a new idea for a product, you can make it real. F．Think about what problem your invention will work out. 第三节 下面的材料A～F分别介绍了六种不同的电子产品，请根据五个人的情况，为他们选择最合适的产品，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共5小题，每小题1.5分） 31 Tom needs to write a long report and make a slideshow(幻灯片演示文稿) for his history class. He wants a device with a keyboard to help him type fast. 32 Mike likes to listen to music with his friends. He wants to play the music from his phone out loud so everyone can hear it clearly in the room. 33 Anna wants to know how many steps she walks every day. She also wants to check incoming calls quickly without taking out her phone. 34 Sarah wants to take photos, call her parents, and use a map when she goes to a new place. She needs something small that can do all these things. 35 Lucy loves reading and wants a device that is only for books. She hopes it can last a long time without charging (充电), and it should be kind to her eyes. A．TabletIt has a bigger screen than a phone. You can read books, watch movies, and draw on it. It is light and easy to carry in a bag for school.B．E-reader This device is only for reading books. The screen looks like real paper, so it does not hurt your eyes. Its battery can last for many weeks.C．Bluetooth Speaker You can connect it to your phone without wires (线). Then you can play music from your phone with a louder and clearer sound. It is great for parties.D．Laptop This is a small computer. It is good for writing long homework, making slides, and searching for information online. It has a keyboard (键盘), so typing is easy.E．Smartwatch You wear it on your wrist (手腕). It can show you the time, count your steps, and tell you who is calling on your phone. It helps you remember to move more.F．Smartphone You can call people, send messages, and take photos with it. It is small enough to carry in your pocket. You can also use apps to learn English or find a place on a map. Ⅲ.语法填空（10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（共10小题，每小题1分） Dujiangyan is one of the most amazing ancient projects in China. It 36 (build) on the Min River in Chengdu 2,200 years ago. It is not just a water project, but also 37 symbol of ancient Chinese wisdom. In the past, the Min River brought endless trouble 38 local villagers. In summer, heavy rains made the river rise much 39 (high) than usual. It caused terrible floods. In dry seasons, there was not enough water for farming, 40 people often didn’t have enough food. Later, Li Bing, a great engineer, came to solve this problem with 41 (he) son. They designed a “fish mouth” dam 42 (make) the water run into two parts. One part went to farmland and the other 43 (carry) the rest flood water away. This amazing project worked perfectly. It stopped floods and provided enough water for those 44 (field) along the river all year round. Soon, Chengdu became a rich “land of plenty”. Dujiangyan was listed as a World Cultural Heritage in November, 2000. It 45 (full) shows how ancient Chinese people make good use of natural resources. Today, Dujiangyan still serves over 5 million people. IV.书面表达（15分） 46．汽车是一项伟大的发明。1886年，世界上第一辆现代汽车诞生了。它是由德国工程师卡尔·本茨(Karl Benz)发明的。现在，汽车进入我们的家庭生活，不可避免地带来了很多问题，如污染、堵车和车祸等。你怎么看待这项发明呢？请根据以下图示，写一篇有关汽车的短文。 The car is a great invention. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 《Unit 4 Inventions（深圳专用）》参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 B C A C A B A B B A 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 B D A D C A A B B B 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 D C A B A E F A D B 题号 31 32 33 34 35 答案 D C E F B 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了发明创造对人类生活的深远影响，从古代的艰辛到现代的便利，同时也指出了科技带来的负面影响，最后鼓励人们尊重发明、明智使用并勇于创新。 【详解】1．句意：他们没有快速的交通工具，所以旅行既缓慢又困难。 前文说“traveling was slow”，用“and”连接，需要另一个负面形容词。comfortable“舒适的”、cheap“便宜的”、popular“受欢迎的”均为正面或中性，与“slow”并列不合理。 2．句意：大部分工作靠手工完成，既累人又花费大量时间。 前文讲述古代手工劳作“Most work was done by hand”，信息提示手工干活很累、消耗大量时间，需要动词表示“花费时间”。sth. takes time表示“某事耗费时间”，过去式为took，此处which指代手工劳作这件事，语法、句意都匹配。saved“节省”，语义和原文相反；cost的主语通常是物品，多用于花费金钱，一般不搭配“时间”描述工作；spent主语必须是人，不能用事情作主语。 3．句意：电话帮助人们轻松地相互交流。 “communicate with”为固定搭配，表示“与……交流”。“argue with”意为“争吵”，与“easily”矛盾；“fight with”意为“打架”；“compare with”意为“比较”，均不符合“帮助人们联系”的语境。 4．句意：电脑和互联网使我们的学习和工作更方便。 前文提到发明让生活更便利，后文说“become necessary parts”，因此“convenient”（方便的）最合适。“difficult”与“convenient”相反；“boring”意为“无聊的”；“dangerous”意为“危险的”，均不符合。 5．句意：有些发明也带来问题。 后文举例说明汽车造成空气污染、智能手机让人上瘾浪费时间，这些都是“问题”（problems）。“chances”意为“机会”，与负面例子矛盾；“dreams”意为“梦想”；“prizes”意为“奖品”，均不符合。 6．句意：智能手机带来便利，但也让许多人沉迷其中并浪费大量时间。 “be addicted to”意为“对……上瘾”，这里用“addicted”作宾补。“interested in”意为“对……感兴趣”，程度太轻，不足以说明“浪费时间”的结果；“relaxed”意为“放松的”；“surprised”意为“惊讶的”，均不符合语境。 7．句意：他们勇于想出新的想法并不断测试。 “come up with”意为“想出（主意、计划）”，与“new ideas”搭配。“look up”意为“查阅”；“give up”意为“放弃”；“pick up”意为“捡起/学会”，均不符合“提出新想法”的语境。 8．句意：他们的精神告诉我们，如果我们不断尝试，没有什么是不可能的。 前文“never stop exploring”和“keep trying”都强调“不放弃”，因此“impossible”最合适。“possible”与文意相反；“important”意为“重要的”；“unimportant”意为“不重要的”，均不符合。 9．句意：我们应该尊重发明并明智地使用它们。 副词修饰“use”，表示“明智地”。“carelessly”意为“粗心地”，与“respect”矛盾；“blindly”意为“盲目地”；“freely”意为“自由地”，均不符合“负责任地使用”的语境。 10．句意：也许我们在未来可以成为有用的发明家。 全文主题围绕“发明创造”，结尾呼应开头，鼓励读者成为“inventors”。“teachers”意为“教师”；“doctors”意为“医生”；“workers”意为“工人”，均与“发明”主题无关。 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了第138届广交会的盛况，包括参展规模、新产品发布、智能医疗和服务机器人等特殊展区，以及外国买家的积极反馈。 【详解】11．文章第一段指出“The 138th Canton Fair opened in Guangzhou on 15 October 2025.”且每年举办两次（春、秋），故2025年春季为第137届，2025 年之前共举办了136届。 12．文章第二段第一句指出“The fair is full of new inventions and products.”，随后介绍了新产品的数量、智能医疗区域和机器人区域。直接说明该段主要讲展会上的新产品和特别新展区。 13．文章第四段指出“was interested in air conditioners from Gree that can work well in very high temperatures”，直接说明Hamat对格力的空调感兴趣是因为它们能在炎热天气下良好运行。 14．文章最后一段指出“Yuanhua Tech...showed a robotic arm that can cut models very precisely”，直接说明远华科技的机械臂的主要工作是精确切割模型。 15．文章列举了大量数据（如32,000 exhibitors、240,000 buyers、218 countries、1,000,000 new products等）和具体事例（如土耳其买家、中东买家、格力、远华科技等）。直接说明文章主要通过给出事实、数字和例子来展开。 16．A 17．A 18．B 19．B 20．B 【导语】本文介绍了国产机器狗Go2与B1在中柬联合军演亮相，讲解二者功能，同时介绍机器狗在救援、赛事等场景的多种用途。 【详解】16．原文第二段“ It quickly checked for obstacles like fences and old tires.”，明确提到了Go2具备检查障碍物的能力。 17．原文第四段关于B1的描述：“not only check areas”对应a，“can shoot”对应 b，“carry things as heavy as 80 kilograms”对应c。第四段开头“A heavier robot dog, B1”明确提到B1是“A heavier robot dog”（更重的机器狗），所以d选项“更小更轻”错误。因此正确组合为abc。 18．原文第五段陈伟的话“It’s our new teammate”以及文中“The robot dogs can help soldiers in dangerous tasks,”提到机器狗可以帮助士兵执行危险任务并“stop more soldiers from getting hurt”，可以看出他认为机器狗是有帮助的。 19．划线短语所在句的逻辑是：一些机器狗能在火灾的烟雾中看清东西，是因为它们的特殊摄像头，“thanks to”在这里表示归因，意思是“多亏、由于”。 20．根据第五段“The robot dogs can help soldiers in dangerous tasks... Their help can also stop more soldiers from getting hurt.”可知，士兵希望机器狗能协助执行任务并防止士兵受伤。选项B“Help soldiers with tasks and prevent them from getting hurt”与原文意思一致。 21．D 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述中国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统于2020年全面建成，成为全球第四大导航系统，使中国摆脱了对美国GPS的依赖，并在定位精度上更具优势。 【详解】21．第一段“...China’s self-developed and operated BeiDou network, one of the four global navigation networks, along with the USA’s GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.”指出BDS（北斗）、GPS、Galileo（伽利略）都是全球导航系统的名称，只有Russia“俄罗斯”是国家，和另外三个类别不同。 22．第一段“It also marks the end of the country’s dependence on America for an important service: location data.”和第二段“The main purpose of building BDS is to give China full control over a navigation system.”指出北斗系统成功发射的重要意义是它标志着中国在一个关键服务领域结束了依赖美国的局面，也就是让中国完全自主掌控导航系统。 23．第三段首句“Work on BDS began in the 1990s and included three phases.”开宗明义，随后分别介绍了Phase 1、Phase 2和Phase 3的具体时间和服务内容。因此该段主要讲述北斗工作的三个阶段。 24．最后一段“BeiDou claims a 10cm accuracy, compared with 30cm positioning without doing wrong offered by GPS.”将北斗的10厘米定位精度与GPS的30厘米定位精度进行比较，语境涉及定位的精确程度。因此“accuracy”意为“正确定位”。 25．最后一段“BeiDou’s satellites are more advanced than those of GPS.”以及北斗在亚太地区精度高于GPS的事实，可以推断出北斗网络的建成使中国在该技术领域处于领先地位。 26．E 27．F 28．A 29．D 30．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了普通人如何成为发明家，以及将发明想法变为现实的具体步骤，包括发现问题、调研想法、制作原型等。 【详解】26．第一段提到“任何人都可以成为发明家”，后文说“Here is how you can bring your idea to life.”。选项E“If you have a new idea for a product, you can make it real.”承接前文“任何人都可以成为发明家”，进一步说明如果你有产品新想法，就可以将其实现，与后文“how to bring your idea to life”形成呼应，逻辑连贯。 27．第二段小标题为“Find a problem to solve.”，后文问“Will it make a daily task easier? Will it help people in a new way?”。选项F“Think about what problem your invention will work out.”直接点出要思考发明要解决什么问题，与后文的具体提问（是否让日常任务更简单、是否以新方式帮助人们）形成递进关系。 28．第三段内容为：知道问题后，上网查是否有类似想法存在，如果有则需新想法，如果没有则幸运。选项A“Do research to see if your idea is new.”作为本段小标题，准确概括了“上网查证新颖性”的核心内容，与后文“check if anything like your idea already exists”完全对应。 29．第四段建议制作原型，先画图，后文说“这有助于你看想法是否真的可行”。选项D“Then, you can try to make a simple model with things around your house.”在画图之后，进一步建议用家中物品制作简单模型，与后文“原型测试”逻辑衔接自然。 30．第五段说“这并不总是容易，但非常有趣”，后文应给出鼓励性总结。选项B“Remember, every great invention starts with a simple idea and a lot of hard work.”作为结尾句，既呼应了前文“不容易但有趣”，又总结了发明需要从简单想法和努力开始，与全文主题一致。 31．D 32．C 33．E 34．F 35．B 【导语】本文主要介绍五个人不同的电子产品使用需求，以及六款电子设备对应的功能介绍，需要根据每个人的需求为他们匹配合适的设备。 【详解】31．根据“Tom needs to write a long report and make a slideshow for his history class. He wants a device with a keyboard to help him type fast.”可知，Tom需要写长篇报告、制作幻灯片，还想要带键盘、方便快速打字的设备。D选项Laptop适合完成长篇作业、制作幻灯片，配备键盘，打字便捷，与之匹配。 32．根据“Mike likes to listen to music with his friends. He wants to play the music from his phone out loud so everyone can hear it clearly in the room.”可知 ，Mike想把手机里的音乐外放，让房间里所有人清晰听见。C选项 Bluetooth Speaker能无线连接手机，放大播放音乐，适合多人一起听歌，符合需求。 33．根据“Anna wants to know how many steps she walks every day. She also wants to check incoming calls quickly without taking out her phone.”可知，Anna需要记录每日步数，不用拿出手机就能快速查看来电信息。E选项 Smartwatch佩戴在手腕上，可计步、同步手机来电信息，与之匹配。 34．根据“Sarah wants to take photos, call her parents, and use a map when she goes to a new place. She needs something small that can do all these things.”可知，Sarah需要小巧、能拍照、打电话、使用地图的设备。F选项 Smartphone可以通话、拍照、使用地图软件，体积小巧便于携带，符合要求。 35．根据“Lucy loves reading and wants a device that is only for books. She hopes it can last a long time without charging, and it should be kind to her eyes.”可知，Lucy想要专门看书、续航久、护眼的设备。B选项E-reader仅用于阅读，屏幕类似纸张不伤眼，电池可续航数周，完全匹配需求。 36．was built 37．a 38．to 39．higher 40．so 41．his 42．to make 43．carried 44．fields 45．fully 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代最令人惊叹的工程之一——都江堰的历史背景、建造原理及其深远影响。 【详解】36．句意：它于2200年前在成都的岷江上被建造。分析句子结构可知，主语It（指代都江堰）与动词build之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语“2,200 years ago”可知，应使用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + 过去分词），主语It是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was built。 37．句意：它不仅是一个水利工程，也是中国古代智慧的象征。分析句子结构可知，此处泛指“一个象征”，symbol是可数名词单数，且其发音以辅音音素开头，应使用不定冠词a。 38．句意：在过去，岷江给当地村民带来了无尽的麻烦。bring sth. to sb.意为“给某人带来某物”，此处表示给村民带来麻烦，应使用介词to。 39．句意：在夏天，暴雨使得河水上涨得比平时高得多。根据空后的“than”可知，此处应使用比较级；much修饰比较级，high的比较级为higher。 40．句意：在旱季，没有足够的水用于农业，因此人们经常没有足够的食物。分析句子结构可知，前半句“没有足够的水”与后半句“没有足够的食物”之间是因果关系，前因后果，应使用并列连词so连接。 41．句意：后来，伟大的工程师李冰和他的儿子来解决这个问题。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词son，应使用形容词性物主代词表示“他的”。he的形容词性物主代词为his。 42．句意：他们设计了一个“鱼嘴”大坝来使水流分成两部分。分析句子结构可知，此处表示设计大坝的目的，应使用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 43．句意：一部分水流向农田，另一部分把剩余的洪水带走。分析句子结构可知，and连接两个并列的谓语动词，根据前面的“went”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。carry的过去式为carried。 44．句意：它阻止了洪水，并常年为沿河的那些农田提供足够的水。分析句子结构可知，空前有指示代词those修饰，应使用可数名词的复数形式。field的复数形式为fields。 45．句意：它充分展示了中国古代人民是如何善用自然资源的。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中修饰谓语动词shows，应使用副词形式。full的副词形式为fully。 46． 范文 The car is a great invention. The first modern car was invented by Karl Benz in 1886. It brings us many advantages. It saves our time and makes our life more convenient. We can go anywhere we want quickly by car. However, it also causes many problems, such as heavy traffic jams and terrible traffic accidents. Air pollution is another serious problem. In my opinion, the car is a useful invention, but we should use it wisely to make our life better. 【详解】写作步骤解析 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：议论文（事物评价类），以一般现在时为主，历史部分用一般过去时。 明确要点：介绍汽车的历史（1886年，卡尔・本茨发明），阐述汽车的重要性/优点（节省时间、更方便等），说明汽车带来的问题（交通堵塞、交通事故等），表达自己的观点 确定人称：第三人称（it/the car）、第一人称（I） 注意事项：词数75左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数；不得出现真实姓名、班级和学校名称；可适当发挥。 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：（已给出）点明汽车是伟大发明，补充其诞生历史。 主体段：分别阐述汽车的优点和带来的问题。 结尾段：表达自己对汽车这项发明的看法与态度。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：介绍汽车的历史 核心短句：The first modern car was invented by Karl Benz in 1886./It has a history of more than 130 years. 要点二：阐述汽车的重要性/优点 核心短句：It saves our time./It makes our life more convenient./We can go anywhere quickly by car./It helps people travel easily and connect different places. 要点三：说明汽车带来的问题 核心短句： However, it also causes many problems./It causes traffic accidents./It causes air pollution./Too many cars make the city crowded and the air dirty. 要点四：表达自己的观点 核心短句：The car is a useful invention./We should use it wisely./We can drive less and choose green travel to protect the environment. 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $