Unit 3 Fanscinating Parks（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了“Unit 3 Fascinating Parks”的核心内容，涵盖词汇（阅读词汇、写作词汇、词汇变形及熟词生义）、语法（动词-ing作主语）、写作（公园介绍）、知识点精讲及易错点辨析等知识范畴，为学生搭建了从基础词汇积累到语法应用再到写作实践的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类呈现、分级标注和关联设计构建完整知识体系，如将词汇按“阅读/写作”分类，核心语法分“结构/用法/区别”详解，高频考点（如“ban”“appeal”）标注考查次数并结合高考真题分析，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。特别设计“写作万能框架”“易错点对比表”及“语法巩固练习”，如“used to do/be used to doing”配真题对点训练，不同基础学生可高效突破难点，教师可直接用于课堂教学和个性化辅导，提升教学实效。

Unit 3 Fascinating Parks 词汇 一、阅读词汇 单词 1. buffet vt. 连续猛击；打来打去 n. 自助餐 2. cloth n.（一块）布；织物；布料 3. edge n. 边；边缘；边线；刀刃 vt. & vi.（使）徐徐移动；给…… 加边 4. glacier n. 冰川 5. reindeer n. 驯鹿 6. territory n. 领土；版图；领域；地盘 7. boundary n. 边界；界限；分界线 8. cottage n. 小屋；（尤指）村舍；小别墅 9. bless vt. 祝福 10. prohibition n. 禁止；阻止；禁令 11. prohibit vt.（尤指以法令）禁止；阻止 12. journalist n. 新闻记者；新闻工作者 13. sneeze vi. 打喷嚏 n. 喷嚏；喷嚏声 14. teapot n. 茶壶 15. label vt. 用标签标明；贴标签 n. 标签；标记 16. cream n. 奶油；乳脂；护肤霜 adj. 奶油色的；淡黄色的 17. leopard n. 豹 18. bush n. 灌木 19. lung n. 肺 20. cycle n. 自行车；摩托车；循环 vi. 骑自行车 21. corridor n. 狭长地带；走廊；过道；通道 22. pedal n.（自行车等的）脚镫子；踏板 vt. & vi. 骑自行车；踩踏板 23. fountain n. 喷泉；人工喷泉；喷水池 24. pirate n. 海盗；盗版者 vt. 盗印；窃用 25. swing vt. & vi.（使）摆动；摇摆；转弯；（使）突然转向 26. iron n. 铁；铁器；铸铁；熨斗 vt. & vi.（用熨斗）熨；烫平 27. superb adj. 极佳的；卓越的 28. aquarium n. 水族馆；水族玻璃槽；养鱼缸 29. polar adj.（近）极地的；南极（或北极）的；磁极的 30. appetite n. 食欲；胃口；强烈欲望 31. entertainment n. 娱乐；招待；娱乐活动；文娱节目 32. column n.（书、报纸印刷页上的）栏；专栏；柱（形物） 33. route n. 路线；路途；途径 34. sour adj. 酸的；有酸味的 短语 1. roller coaster 过山车 2. on one's own terms 按照自己的主张 / 条件 3. a way of life 一种生活方式 4. close by 在附近 5. feed on v.以…为食 6. on the move 在行进中；四处奔波 7. a small number of 少量的…… 8. be blessed to do 有幸做…… 9. be home to 是…… 的所在地 / 家园 10. adopt a positive attitude 秉持积极的态度 11.upside down 彻底颠倒；打乱 2、 写作词汇： 单词 1. splendid adj. 壮丽的；雄伟的；极佳的；非常好的 2. display n. 展览；陈列；展览品 vt. 显示；陈列 3. theme adj. 有特定主题的 n. 主题；主题思想 4. incredible adj. 极好的；极大的；难以置信的 5. appeal vi. 有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉 n. 吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求 6. adorable adj. 可爱的；讨人喜爱的 7. wander n. 游荡；闲逛；流浪 vt. & vi. 闲逛；漫游 vi. 走失；离散；走神 8. amusement n. 娱乐（活动）；愉悦 9. amuse vt.（提供）消遣；（使）娱乐 10. enormous adj. 巨大的；极大的 11. fashion n. 时尚；时兴；流行款式 12. rare adj. 稀少的；珍贵的；（肉）半熟的 13. vast adj. 辽阔的；巨大的；庞大的 14. valley n. 谷；山谷；溪谷 15. ban vt. 明令禁止；取缔 n. 禁令 16. visible adj. 看得见的；可见的 17. accompany vt. 陪同；陪伴；伴随；（尤指用钢琴）为…… 伴奏 18. adopt vt. 采用；采取；采纳 vt. & vi. 领养 19. stretch vi. 延伸；延续 vi. & vt. 伸展；舒展 20. ahead adv. 向前；在前面；提前 短语 1. up to 达到（某数量、程度等）；直到；不多于；（体力或智力上）能胜任 2. set out 出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作 3. live off 依靠…… 生活；以吃…… 为生 4. catch one's eye 吸引某人目光 5. work out 锻炼；算出；解决 6. used to do 过去常常做某事 7. be covered by 被…… 覆盖 8. leave behind 留下；遗留；抛弃 9. apart from 除了…… 之外 10. in order to 为了（表目的） 11. be allowed to do 被允许做某事 12. look after 照顾 13. set out 出发；着手开始 14. be full of 充满…… 15. result in 导致（结果） 16. be thought to do 被认为做某事 17. due to 由于；因为 18. happen to do 碰巧做某事 19. take turns doing 轮流做某事 20. put on performance 表演节目 21. all year around 全年；一年四季 22. have fun doing 开心地做某事 23. in addition to 除…… 之外（还有） 24. except for 除了 25. appeal to 对…… 有吸引力；呼吁 26. be familiar with 熟悉…… 27. be famous for 因…… 而出名 28.look forward to 期待（to 是介词，后接 doing） 三、词汇变形： 1. visible adj.看得见的 → visibly adv.明显地 → visibility n.能见度 → invisible adj.看不见的 2. accompany vt.陪伴 → company n.陪伴；公司 → companion n.同伴 3. adopt vt.采用；领养 → adoption n.采纳；收养 → adopted adj.被收养的 4.prohibit vt.禁止 → prohibition n.禁令；禁止 5.journalist n.记者 → journal n.期刊；日记 6.rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的 → reward n. 回报；奖励 /v. 奖赏 7.theme n.主题 → thematic adj.主题的 8.incredible adj.难以置信的 → incredibly adv.难以置信地 9.appeal vi.&n.吸引；呼吁 → appealing adj.吸引人的 10.adore vt.喜爱；崇拜 → adorable adj.可爱的 → adoration n.热爱 11.wander vi.漫游；闲逛 → wanderer n.漫游者 12.amuse vt.使开心 → amusement n.娱乐 → amused adj.感到愉快的 → amusing adj.令人发笑的 13.enormous adj.巨大的 → enormously adv.极其；非常 14.fashion n.时尚 → fashionable adj.时髦的 15.rare adj.稀少的 → rarely adv.很少；难得 → rarity n.稀有；珍品 16.steam n.蒸汽 vi.冒水汽 → steamer n.轮船；蒸锅 → steamy adj.湿热的 17.vast adj.辽阔的 → vastly adv.极大地 → vastness n.广阔 18.splendid adj.壮丽的 → splendidly adv.壮丽地 → splendour n.壮丽；辉煌 19.appetite n.食欲 → appetizing adj.开胃的；诱人的 20.entertain vt.使娱乐；招待 → entertainment n.娱乐；招待 → entertaining adj.有趣的 → entertainer n.表演者 21.column n.专栏；柱子 → columnist n.专栏作家 四、熟词生义 1.adopt 熟义：vt.采用；采取；采纳；领养 生义：选定，选举（某人为候选人或代表） She was adopted as parliamentary candidate for Wood Green. 她被推举为伍德格林选区的议员候选人。 2.sour 熟义：adj.酸的；有酸味的 生义：v.（使）变坏，恶化 例句：Their once close friendship soured after a silly argument. 一场无谓的争吵过后，他们曾经亲密的友谊逐渐恶化。 The manager’s rude words soured the mood of the whole team. 经理粗鲁的话语破坏、恶化了整个团队的氛围。 3. label n. 熟义：v. 贴标签; n. 标签，标记 生义：唱片公司 例句：It's his first release for a major label. 这是他在大唱片公司发行的第一张唱片。 4. stretch 熟义：vi.延伸；延续 ；伸展；舒展 & vt. 伸展；舒展 生义：vt. 足够买（或支付）；（大量地）使用，消耗; & n. 一片 例句：I need a new car, but my savings won't stretch to it. 我需要一辆新车，但我的积蓄不够。 The influx of refugees has stretched the country's resources to the limit . 难民的大量涌入把这个国家的资源消耗殆尽。 I followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. 我跟着养蜂人Ziyad走过一大片草原，然后进入一片茂密的丛林 5. appeal 熟义：vi.有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉 & n. 吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求 生义：启发；劝说；打动 例句：The speech appeals to our heart and appeals to us to value nature , whose beauty appeals to our creative minds. 这场演讲打动我们的内心，劝说我们珍惜自然，而自然之美启发我们的创造力。 6. up to 熟义：达到（某数量，程度等）；直到；不多于；（体力或智力上）能胜任 生义： 正在干，从事着（尤指坏事）；在捣鬼 例句：Don’t leave the two kids alone; they’re always up to mischief. 别让两个小孩单独待着，他们总在干调皮捣蛋的坏事。 I saw him hanging around the warehouse late at night. What is he up to? 深夜我看见他在仓库附近徘徊，他到底在暗中搞什么名堂？ 写作 句型 1. I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. 我在风吹动帐篷布的声音中醒来。 buffeting the cloth of my tent 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词wind，表示wind与buffet之间是主动关系。 All students wanting to take part in the English speech contest should sign up before Wednesday. 所有希望参加英语演讲比赛的学生需在周三前报名。 2.Around 9,000 years ago, this ice melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers. 大约9000年前，这些冰融化了，留下了大约100个冰川。 leaving behind about 100 glaciers是现在分词短语作结果状语，this ice 与 leave behind 之间是主语关系，表示冰川融化，自然而然产生 “留下上百条冰河” 这个结果。 We organized a charity sale on campus last week, raising more than 2,000 yuan for children in rural areas. 上周我们在校内举办义卖活动，为乡村儿童筹得两千多元善款。 3.But every spring, a small number of Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek, living in tents or old cottages and enjoying their traditions. 但每年春天，仍有一小部分萨米人跟随他们的驯鹿进入萨雷克的山谷，住在帐篷或古老的小屋里，享受着他们的传统。 living... and enjoying... 是并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语，与逻辑主语即主句主语 a small number of Sami之间是主动关系，表主句动作 follow 发生的同时同步进行的两个伴随行为。 Many visitors wander in the ancient street, tasting local snacks and appreciating traditional handicrafts. 许多游客漫步古街，品尝特色小吃，欣赏传统手工艺品。 4.It is hoped that Sarek National Park will always remain as it is, natural and beautiful. 希望萨雷克国家公园能永远保持现状——自然且美丽。 It is hoped that .......是固定句型，“（人们）希望…… / 但愿……”it 是形式主语，真正主语是后面 that 引导的从句； 同类句型归纳： It is reported that… 据报道 ...... It is said that… 据说 ...... It is widely believed that… 人们普遍认为...... It is thought that ......人们认为...... It is hoped that we can protect wild animals, safe and free. 人们希望我们能保护野生动物，让它们平安自在。 It is reported that more young people begin to love traditional arts. 据报道，越来越多年轻人开始喜爱传统艺术。 It is widely believed that reading can enrich our inner world. 人们普遍认为阅读能够丰富我们的内心世界。 5.Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you! 无论您喜欢哪种类型或什么，这里都有一个能吸引您的绝佳主题公园。 Whichever and whatever you like是whichever和whatever引导的让步状语从句 that will appeal to you是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 theme park. Whichever activity you choose, there is a chance that you will make new friends. 无论你选择哪项活动，你都有机会交到新朋友。 6.This vast new park is nearly four times larger than the old wildlife park protecting the tigers’ habitat, and ...... 这座规模宏大的新公园面积几乎是原先保护老虎栖息地的野生动物园的四倍.......。 A is four times larger than B ：A是B的四倍，这是倍数表达法，固定句型： A + be +...... times(倍数) + adj.比较级 + than + B 类似的表达法还有: A +be +...times +as +adj.+as +B A +be +...times the +n+ of +B 三者含义完全一致：A 是 B 的.......倍 This new wetland is twice larger than the former reserve protecting birds’ habitats. 这片新湿地面积是原先保护鸟类栖息地保护区的两倍。 语法 动词-ing 作主语 写作 介绍一座公园 一、知识点精讲 1.（2020-2023年考查四次）ban vt. 明令禁止；取缔 n. 禁令 With more species dying out, many governments have put a ban on eating wild animals. 随着更多物种濒临灭绝，许多政府已禁止食用野生动物。 短语： ban doing sth 禁止做某事 ban sb from (doing) sth 禁止某人（做 / 从事）某事 a ban on… 关于…… 的禁令 ①(2023・全国乙卷) In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned（ban） from medicine. 尽管法院听取了她作为医生的证词，但她仍被禁止从医。 ②(2022·全国二卷) Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wi de range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. 在过去的七年里，大多数州已禁止驾驶员发送短信，而各类公益宣传活动也尝试了多种方法，以说服人们在驾驶时放下手机。 ③(2022·全国二卷) He pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. 他推动了该州2001年禁止司机使用手持设备的禁令。 ④(2021・全国甲卷) Banned from the hotel since 2001, Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said. 费尔蒙酒店表示，自2001年起酒店就禁止伯奇尔入住，现在欢迎他再次入住。 2.（2018-2025年考查三次） accompany vt. 陪同；陪伴；伴随；（尤指用钢琴）为…… 伴奏 His wife accompanied him on the trip.那次旅行他由妻子陪同。 短语： accompany sb = keep sb company 陪伴某人 accompany sb to a place 陪伴 / 陪同某人到某地 accompany sb on sth 用某物为某人伴奏 be accompanied by sth 附带着某物；伴随着某物 ①(2023・全国甲卷) From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. ②Strong winds were accompanied by heavy rain狂风夹着暴雨。 ③ (2018・全国三卷) Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website accompanied by the touching words. 特蕾莎在社交网络平台上发布了这次偶遇的照片，并配上了感人的话语。 ④The singer was accompanied on the piano by her sister.女歌手由她姐姐钢琴伴奏。 【词汇拓展】 ①company n. 陪伴，交往（不可数名词）；公司（可数名词）（2018-2026年考查六次） keep sb company 陪伴某人 in company with 与…… 一起 ②companion n. 同伴；伙伴；陪护者（可数） （2025·全国一卷）Toby was his constant companion, the one who kept him going. 4.(2020-2026年考查三次) set out 出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作 set out for sp 出发去某地 set out to do sth 着手做某事：开始或计划去做某事 We set out at dawn to avoid heavy traffic. 我们黎明时分出发，避开拥堵。 They set out for the mountain village early in the morning. 他们一早动身前往那个山村。 He set out to build his own small company. 他开始创办属于自己的小公司。 (2026·全国一卷) Emily Sanders, a 25-year-old from Detroit, Michigan, set out on December 23rd with high hopes of reaching Toronto to meet her boyfriend for Christmas. 来自密歇根州底特律的25岁女性Emily Sanders于12月23日启程，满怀希望前往多伦多与男友在圣诞节见面。 (2024·全国二卷)This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. 正因如此，坎贝尔着手提升公众对人工智能及其未来的认知——这比这些技术发展预期发生的时间早了数十年。 (2020·全国三卷) The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter. 第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找那位著名的画家。 【词汇拓展】 set off 出发，启程 ；引爆；触发（警报） ；激起（情绪） set aside 留出（时间 / 金钱）；搁置，不予考虑 set about (doing) sth 着手，开始做（=set out to do） set back推迟，延缓; 使花费 set free 释放 set fire to sth = set sth on fire 纵火，点燃 set an example to sb为某人树立榜样 set foot in/on 踏入，登上 set sail 启航 be set in (故事、电影) 以…… 为背景 be set to do sth 准备好做；很有可能做 be set on sth/doing sth 决心做某事 【易混辨析】 set out ①“出发；动身”, 短语：set out for sp. ②“着手做某事”,短语：set out to do sth set off ①“出发；动身”=set out ② “引爆” “引起；激起” set about “开始着手做”，短语：set about doing 开始着手做某事=set out to do 4.(2019-2025年考查四次)appeal 有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉；请求 短语： appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力 appeal to sb for sth/to do sth 恳求 / 呼吁某人做某事 make an appeal to sb for sth/to do sth 恳求 / 呼吁某人做某事 ①Organisers appealed to the crowd not to panic when there came what sounded like a gunshot. 当听到类似枪声的声音时，组织者呼吁人群不要惊慌。 ②（2025·全国二卷）Knuth found that houseplants appealed more to students. 高德纳发现室内植物对学生更有吸引力。 ③（2021·全国一卷）Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. 尽管情商的持续流行的吸引力是可取的，我们希望这样的关注将激发对情感的科学和学术研究更大的兴趣。 ④(2021・天津卷) The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January. 该程序在1月份推出时，对工作人员非常有吸引力。 ⑤（2019·全国三卷）In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. 此外，大多数报纸几乎没有吸引大众的内容。 【词汇拓展】 (2021-2024年考查三次) appealing adj. 有吸引力的；有感染力的 ①And, even if I weren’t excited enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me. 而且，即使我对免费学分不够兴奋，关于我们教练的消息对我来说也足够有吸引力。 ②(2024·全国一卷)That day, I got passed by about 100 “local" bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as appealing. 那天，我从大约100名“当地”骑自行车的人身边经过，他们已经习惯了这种道路。当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。 ③(2023・全国甲卷) He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences. 他使哲学思考成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们体验的质量。 ④(2021·全国二卷) Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.牛往往被养在偏远的地方，它们的价值已经上升，使它们成为有吸引力的目标。 5.（2019-2025年考查六次）up to 达到；直到；（某人或智力上）能胜任；正在做；取决于 up to now 直到现在 be up to (doing) sth 胜任 / 正在做某事 It’s up to sb to do sth 由某人决定做某事；做某事是某人的职责 ①He wasn’t at all sure Sara was up to that job. 他根本不确定萨拉能不能胜任那份工作。 ②The mother wanted to figure out what her little son was up to. 这位母亲想弄清楚她的小儿子在干什么。 ③While we are always influenced by those around us, the decision to act or not, it’s more up to us. 虽然我们总是受到周围人的影响，但是否采取行动的决定更多地取决于我们自己。 ④(2025・全国一卷) Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. 幸运的是，分析表明可再生能源可以胜任这项任务。 ⑤(2025·全国二卷) There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. 在何氏的课堂上，任何时候都有多达30名学生。 ⑥(2021·全国一卷) Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. 有些音乐长达40分钟，需要翻页50页，包括翻页重复的段落。 ⑦(2020・全国 Ⅱ) I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. 我一直是一个狂热的读者，小时候有时一天读三本书。 ⑧(2019·全国一卷)Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. 暑期公司为学生提供实际操作的商业培训，并提供高达3000美元的奖励，让他们开始并经营自己的暑期企业。 二、核心语法精讲 动词-ing作 主 语 1． 基本结构： 肯定式主动结构：动词原形+-ing 否定式主动结构：not+动词原形+-ing 肯定式被动结构：being+动词原形+-ing 否定式被动结构：not being +动词原形+-ing 二．基本用法 ㈠ 动词 -ing 形式作主语，往往表示经常性、习惯性、一般性的动作（长期行为、普遍事实）, 通常直接置于句首。单个的动名词（短语）作主语时谓语动词用单数；两个或多个动名词（短语）并列作主语时，如果是一件事谓语动词用单数，如果是两件事,谓语动词要复数。  1. Reading aloud is a good way to learn a foreign language. 大声朗读是学习外语的好方法。（单个动名词做主语，谓语用单数） 2. Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 早睡早起被认为是一个好习惯。（两个动名词短语作并列作主语指一件事，谓语动词用单数） 3.Listening to the English tapes and watching English films are good ways to learn English. 听英语磁带和看英语电影是学习英语的好方法。（两个动名词短语作主语，指的是两件事谓语用复数） ㈡ 有时可用it作形式主语前置，真正的主语是动词-ing形式。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。 1.It's worth making the effort. 这件事值得努力去做。 2.It's no use crying over split milk. 覆水难收。 3.It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。 总结： 常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型有： It + be + a waste of time doing … 做……是浪费时间的 It is/was no good//use/useless doing … 做……是没有用的 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing … 做……是值得的 There is no sense in doing 做……没有用/没有意义 ㈢.动词-ing的复合结构作主语时，通常有两种形式： 1.形容词性物主代词+动词-ing 2.名词所有格+动词-ing ①His being late again made his teacher very angry. 他再次迟到让老师很生气。 ②Mike’s returning to work is a great help to his family. 麦克回来工作对他全家来说都是一大帮助。 ㈣.动词-ing与动词不定式作主语的区别： 动词-ing作主语，常常表示抽象的习惯性、经常性或一般性的动作。 不定式一般表示一次性、具体性的行为。 ①Delivering newspapers is his job. 送报纸是他的工作。（指经常性动作） ②To deliver newspapers is his job today. 送报纸是他今天的工作。（指一次具体的事情） ③Climbing mountains can be hard work. 爬山会相当辛苦。(指一般经常性道理) ③To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around ,we were surprised by the view. 爬那些山很辛苦，但当我们环顾四周时，我们被眼前的景色惊呆了。 (具体爬那些山行为，这对那次旅游的具体场合而言) ㈤.动词-ing 形式主动式和被动式的用法： 主动式：动词-ing（表示动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系） 被动式：being +动词-ing（表示动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系） ①Saving money regularly helps us deal with emergencies.定期存钱可以帮助我们应对紧急情况。 （save的逻辑主语是本句中的“us（我们）”，两者之间是主动关系，所以用主动形式） ②Surfing the Internet too much harms teenagers’ health. 上网过多会损害青少年的健康。 （surf的逻辑主语是本句中的“teenagers（青少年们）”，两者之间是主动关系，所以用主动形式） ③Being trained is a must for the employees in the company.对公司的员工来说，接受培训是必须的。 （train的逻辑主语是本句中的“employees(员工)”，两者之间是被动关系，所以用被动形式） ※※※语法小结（思维导图）： 动词-ing作主语： 一．基本结构：肯定式主动结构：动词原形+-ing 否定式主动结构：not+动词原形+-ing 肯定式被动结构：being+动词原形+-ing 否定式被动结构：not being +动词原形+-ing 2． 基本用法： 1. 动词-ing做主语谓语情况：单个动词-ing做主语谓语用单数；两个以上动词-ing做主语，指代一件事谓语用单数；指代两件事谓语用复数。 2. 常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型有： It + be + a waste of time doing … ； It is/was no good/pleasure/use/useless doing … It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing … ；It is/was worth/worthwhile doing … There is no sense in doing 3. 动词-ing做主语的复合结构：形容词性物主代词+动词-ing ； 名词所有格+动词-ing 4. 动词-ing与动词不定式作主语的区别： 动词-ing作主语，常常表示抽象的习惯性、经常性或一般性的动作。 不定式一般表示一次性、具体性的行为。 5. 动词-ing 形式主动式和被动式的用法： 主动式：动词-ing（表示动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系） 被动式：being +动词-ing（表示动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系） 【巩固练习】 1. ________ (make) full preparations is the key to success. 2.________ (not invite) to the party made her feel upset. 3.It is no use ________ (complain) without taking action. 4.________ (he) ________ (fail) the exam surprised all his teachers. 5. ________ (expose) to sunlight for too long will harm your skin. 6.Reading good books and practising writing ________ (be) helpful for English learning. 7.There is no sense in ________ (quarrel) with such a stubborn man. 8.It is a waste of time ________ (play) online games day and night. 9. _________(learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. 10. ________ (not, praise) by his parents doesn’t mean he did badly. 【答案】 1. Making 2. Not being invited 3. complaining 4. His; failing 5. Being exposed 6. are 7. quarrelling 8. playing 9. Learning 10. Not being praised 三、单元写作清单 一、话题分析 写作题型：事物介绍类说明文 核心主题：介绍公园位置、景色、特色、人文、游玩价值、保护意义 必用本单元语法（阅卷加分点）： 现在分词作状语（伴随/结果） 现在分词作后置定语 whichever/whatever 让步句式 It is hoped that… 形式主语高分句型 写作立意：景色优美 + 人文特色 + 值得游览 + 呼吁保护 二、万能写作框架（三段式） 第一段：开篇引入（位置+地位） 简单介绍公园名称、地理位置、整体评价。 第二段：主体详述（景色+特色+活动） 描写自然风景、独特景观、人文特色、游客体验。（重点用本单元分词句型） 第三段：结尾升华（价值+呼吁） 总结魅力、游玩意义、呼吁保护自然。 三、高分写作素材（可直接摘抄） 1. 高级短语（单元必背·优先积累） appeal to visitors 吸引游客 in its natural state 处于自然状态 vast sheets of forests 大片森林 remote and peaceful 偏远宁静 preserve natural beauty 保护自然美景 2. 万能高分句型（直接套用） Located in …, the park is famous for its natural beauty. 坐落于……，这座公园以自然之美闻名。 Vast forests and clear rivers run through the valley, creating a peaceful atmosphere. 广袤的森林与清河贯穿山谷，造就了宁静的氛围。 Whichever scenery you like, the park will not disappoint you. 无论你喜欢何种风景，这座公园都不会让你失望。 It is hoped that we can protect the park and keep it natural and beautiful. 希望我们能保护这座公园，永葆其自然秀美。 四、两篇不同层次范文（必背） 范文一： A Beautiful National Park Located in the north of the country, this national park is one of the most popular scenic spots in our area. It covers a large area and keeps its original natural state all the time. The park is home to thick forests and clear streams. Different kinds of wild animals live freely here, making the park full of life. Visitors can walk along the quiet paths, enjoy fresh air and watch beautiful scenery. The local people also keep their traditional lifestyle, adding special cultural colour to the park. The park greatly appeals to tourists at home and abroad. It is hoped that we can protect this precious land and let it remain natural and beautiful forever. 范文二： A Fascinating National Park Situated in a remote northern area, this breathtaking national park is well-known for its original natural scenery and unique local culture. Vast forests spread across the whole valley, providing shelter for varieties of wildlife. Clean rivers flow through the mountains, bringing endless vitality to the land. Walking inside the park, visitors can escape from noisy city life and relax themselves completely. What’s more, local people stick to their traditional way of life, living in simple houses and preserving their ancient customs. Whichever kind of scenery you prefer, the park will leave you an unforgettable impression. It is believed that preserving natural parks is of great importance. We should make efforts to protect such precious natural treasures, allowing them to exist beautifully for generations. 易错点01 used to do /be used to do /be used to (doing) sth. 【错因辨析】 1. used to do sth 含义：过去常常做某事（现在已经不这样了） 重点：to 是不定式符号，后面加动词原形 时态：只能描述过去，对比现在 否定：usedn’t to do /didn’t use to do 疑问：Used you to…? / Did you use to…? 例句： I used to get up late. 我以前常常晚起。（现在不晚起了） She used to live here. 她以前住在这里。（现在搬走了） used to be + 名词 / 形容词（过去曾经是……） He used to be a teacher. 他曾经是一名老师。 2. be used to do sth 含义：被用来做某事（被动语态）；主动形式：use sth to do sth（用某物做某事） to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形 be 动词随时态变化：am/is/are/was/were used to do 主动： We use wood to make paper. 我们用木材造纸。 被动： Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来造纸。 Another tool was used to open the box. 另一个工具被用来打开箱子。 3. be used to doing sth 含义：习惯于做某事 关键点：to 是介词！ 后面必须 doing（动名词）或名词 be 动词可换：get /become used to doing（渐渐习惯于） 时态可变：am/is/are/was/were used to doing 例句： I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。 She was used to living in the countryside. 她那时习惯住在乡下。 You will get used to working here soon. 你很快就会适应在这里工作。 【对点训练】 用 used to do /be used to do /be used to (doing) sth.填空 1. (2023·全国一卷)When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could____________________ clean up the messes people were making. 【答案】be used to 【解析】情态动词 could 后接动词原形；be used to do 被用来做…… 句意：随着年龄增长，约翰开始思考这个流程能否被用来清理人类制造的垃圾。 2. (2023·全国一卷)Little by little, these different kinds of life _________________________ one another and formed their own ecosystem. 【答案】were used to 【解析】be used to sth/doing sth 适应、习惯于； 后文 formed 为一般过去时，be 变为were。 句意：渐渐地，这些不同生物彼此适应，形成了独有的生态系统。 3. (2022·全国一卷)Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources that _________ ________grow it. 【答案】are used to 【解析】that引导定语从句， 指代 resources（复数）；be used to do 被用来……，一般现在时被动，be 动词用 are。 句意：生产无人食用的食物，会浪费种植食物所需的水、燃料以及其他资源。 4. (2022·全国一卷)I ________________________keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. 【答案】used to 【解析】used to do 过去常常做某事（现在不再养鸡）。 句意：我小时候曾经养鸡，每天上学前都要给它们准备早餐。 5. (2017·全国三卷)This__________________ be the center of town," he said. "Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses." 【答案】used to 【解析】used to be 曾经是（和 now 形成对比，今昔对比）。 句意：“这里曾经是城镇中心，” 他说，“如今这片区域大多是写字楼和仓库。” 6. (2026·全国二卷)Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. 【答案】is used to 【解析】空后是动词power，主语 energy 不可数；根据句意可知用be used to do 被用来……，常态客观事实，一般现在时，用 is。 句意：巴塞罗那地铁系统的16个车站是其新MetroCharge项目的一部分，地下列车刹车产生的能量用于为列车和车站本身提供动力，而其余的能量则通过电缆输送到地面，为私人车辆的插电式充电站供电。 7. (2020·全国一卷)The technology, Strano said, could one day ____________________________ light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps. 【答案】be used to 【解析】空处后是动词light，根据句意可知用be used to do 被用来……；could 情态动词 + 动词原形，应用be used to 。 句意：斯特拉诺称，这项技术有朝一日可以用来照亮房间，甚至把树木变成自供电路灯。 8. (2025·全国二卷)Ms Donohue_____________________be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the doubters wrong in the best possible way. 【答案】used to 【解析】空后是系动词be原形，因主语是人，根据句意可知，用used to do 过去常常；used to be laughed at 过去常常被人嘲笑（如今情况改变）。 句意：多诺霍女士曾经因为年纪太大不适合健身而受人嘲讽，但她以最好的方式证明质疑者错了。 9. (2024·全国一卷)That day, I got passed by about 100 “local" bikers who ____________________ such roads.【答案】were used to 【解析】空后是名词such roads, 所以应用be used to sth 习惯于某物；先行词 bikers 复数，主句为一般过去时，be 动词用 were。 句意：那天，大约 100 名当地骑行者超过了我，他们早已习惯这样的道路。 易错点02 in addition / in addition to 【错因辨析】 1. in addition “此外、另外” ，是副词短语（adv.），单独使用，放在句首 / 句中 / 句末，后面加逗号，再接完整句子。不能直接接名词！ 句式：In addition, + 完整句子（最常用，句首） …… . In addition, + 完整句子 …… , in addition.（句末） He is good at English. In addition, he speaks French. 他擅长英语。此外，他还会说法语。 2. in addition to “除…… 之外（还有）”，是介词短语（prep.）；to 是介词，不是不定式符号！后面只能跟：名词 / 代词 /doing 动名词，不能直接加句子！ 句式 In addition to + 名词 /doing , 主句 In addition to English, he speaks French. 除英语以外，他还会说法语。 In addition to learning English, he learns French. 除了学习英语，他还学习法语。 同义替换拓展（考试常考） in addition = besides（副词）、furthermore、moreover in addition to = besides（介词）、apart from 【对点训练】 1.(2017·全国一卷) Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, ________________________ seasonal specials. 【答案】in addition to 【解析】句意：我们咖啡馆提供全套午餐与小食品类，除此外还有时令特色菜品。 空格后 seasonal specials（时令特色菜品）是名词短语； 空格后直接接名词，需要介词短语，故选 in addition to。 2.(2024·全国二卷) _________________________, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. 【答案】In addition 【解析】 句意：此外，不需要杀虫剂以及其他会污染传统农场与周边环境的化学品。空格后是逗号 + 完整陈述句； 单独放在句首作状语，后面不直接跟名词，选用 In addition。 3.(2019·全国三卷)Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. _________________________, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. 【答案】In addition 【解析】 句意：因此，报纸几乎只有政界和商界富人阅读。除此之外，大多数报纸几乎没有能够吸引普通大众的内容。空格独立成句，后面是完整句子；只能用副词短语 In addition。 4.(2024·全国一卷)_________________________, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. 【答案】In addition 【解析】 句意：此外，我有一本旧的《简明牛津词典》两卷本，是几年前在书店促销活动中仅以99便士的价格购得的。 5.(2026·全国一卷)_________________________ being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. 【答案】In addition to 【解析】 句意：集市除了是买卖交易的场所，还是社交与娱乐的地方。空格后 being 是动名词； in addition to + doing 固定搭配，介词 to 后接动名词，因此填 In addition to。 易错点03 apart from / except for 【错因辨析】 1.except for ①除了…… 之外（要剔除；排除整体中不足之处），常常用于否定句。 特征： 1）句子主体是整体情况，except for 引出例外的局部、瑕疵； 2） 整体和例外事物不属于同一类别； The room is clean except for a few rubbish. 房间很干净，除了一点垃圾。 👉 整体：房间；例外：垃圾（不同类） Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes. 作文很好，只是有几处拼写错误。 👉 整体：作文；例外：拼写错误（不同类） The room was silent except for the TV. 除了电视的声音，那房间里寂静无声。 ②在否定结构：nobody / no one / nothing … except for … ，当代母语者普遍使用 except for，用来引出唯一例外！ 句式模板： Nobody … except for + sb. No one … except for + sb. 这是 except for 的拓展用法：否定语境下引出唯一例外对象 此时： except = except for 可以互换 含义完全一样！ Nobody speaks except for one man. 除了一个人没人说话。 Except for the Sami, no one is allowed to live in Sarek. 除了萨米人，没有人被允许住在沙瑞克。 2.apart from = in addition to / except for 它是两用短语，根据语境可以表达「包含在内」或「排除在外」 ① = in addition to 除…… 之外还有（包含在内） Apart from English, he studies French. 除英语外，他还学法语。（英语 + 法语都学，两者都包含） ② = except for 除…… 之外（剔除，排除整体中不足之处）；用于否定句，排除唯一例外 Apart from that mistake, your answer is correct. = Except for that mistake, your answer is correct. 除了那个错误，你的答案是对的。(排除整体中不足之处) Apart from the Sarmi, very few people have ever seen Sarek. 除了萨尔米人，很少有人见过沙瑞克。（在否定句中，排除唯一例外） 【对点训练】 1. （2019·全国一卷）His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vote for …me …＂_____________________ some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. 2.________________________ studying traditional Chinese culture, many overseas teenagers take part in various handcraft activities to experience local customs. 3.The coastal town is quiet and attractive ________________________ several noisy construction sites near the harbour. 4.________________________ a small amount of water damage on the roof, the old wooden house has remained in good condition for over one hundred years. 5.________________________ its economic value, the wetland plays an important role in protecting endangered wild birds. 6.No visitor was allowed to enter the secret valley ________________________ the researchers who carried out environmental surveys there. 【答案】1. Apart from / Except for 2.Apart from 3.apart from / except for 4.Apart from /Except for 5.Apart from 6. except for / apart from 【详解】 1.句意：除了几处磕磕绊绊之外，Chris 表现得非常出色。 解析：整体表现很好，只有少量失误（典型「美中不足」），减法逻辑。 apart from、except for 两者均可；高考完形两种都认可。 2.句意：除了学习中国传统文化之外，很多海外青少年还参加各类手工活动感受本土风俗。 解析：加法逻辑！既有学习文化，又参与手工活动，表追加。 不可用 except for（except for 只能表剔除，无 “还有” 含义）； apart from “除了...之外还有....”，都被包括在内，所以填Apart from。 3.句意：这座海滨小镇宁静迷人，只是港口附近几处工地比较嘈杂。 解析：整体景色宜人，局部存在瑕疵，减法、异类对比。apart from /except for 通用。 4.句意：除了屋顶轻微渗水破损，这座老木屋百年来保存完好。 解析：整体状况良好，一处局部缺陷，美中不足。二者通用。 5.句意：湿地除了拥有经济价值外，还在保护濒危候鸟方面发挥重要作用。 解析：加法逻辑，同时具备两种价值，表补充递进。优先 Apart from。 6.句意：除了在此开展环境调研的科研人员，任何游客都禁止进入隐秘山谷。 解析：同一群体内进行排除。表示否定句中的唯一例外，用apart from 和except for 都行。 易错点04 现在分词做状语 / 过去分词做状语 【错因辨析】 1. 现在分词作状语（高考常考）表示分词与句子主语之间是主动关系，分词动作与句子谓语动作是同时发生。 分词结构：肯定式：v-ing ； 否定式：not v-ing 位置：位于主句首或者主句末，常有逗号隔开。常作时间状语，方式状语，条件状语，原因状语，让步状语，伴随状语或结果状语。 基本用法： 1. 时间状语（相当于 when/after 引导的时间状语从句） Walking along the river, she sang soft songs. = When she walked along the river, she sang soft songs. 沿着河边散步时，她轻声歌唱。 2. 原因状语（相当于 because/since/as 从句） Knowing little English, he found it hard to communicate with foreigners. = Because he knew little English, he found it hard to communicate with foreigners. 由于懂的英语不多，他发现很难和外国人交流。 Not wanting to disturb others, she closed the door gently. = As she didn’t want to disturb others, she closed the door gently. 因为不想打扰别人，她轻轻关上了门。 3. 伴随状语（高考最常考，主句动作和分词动作同时进行） He sat on the bench, reading a collection of poems. 他坐在长椅上，读着一本诗集。 The little boy ran out of the house, shouting loudly. 小男孩冲出屋子，大声叫喊着。 4. 自然而然的结果状语（重点区别：只能用 doing，不能用 done） Heavy rain lasted for days, causing the river to rise rapidly. 大雨持续数日，导致河水迅速上涨。 She fell off the bike, hurting her left knee. 她从自行车上摔下来，伤到了左膝盖。 5.条件状语（相当于 if 引导条件状语从句） Working hard, you will achieve your dream sooner or later. = If you work hard, you will achieve your dream sooner or later. 努力奋斗，你迟早会实现梦想 Turning left, you will see the ancient gate. = If you turn left, you will see the ancient gate. 向左转，你就能看见那座古老大门。 6. 让步状语（相当于 though/although 从句，较少见） Admitting his shortcomings, he still insists on carrying out the plan. = Although he admits his shortcomings, he still insists on carrying out the plan. 尽管承认自身不足，他依旧坚持执行这项计划。 2. 过去分词做状语表示分词与句子主语之间是被动关系。（高考不常考） 位置：位于主句前，句中或主句后。 基本结构：肯定式：v-ed; 否定式：not v-ed 基本用法： 1. 作时间状语（相当于 when /once 从句） Seen from the top tower, the whole town looks fantastic. = When it is seen from the top tower, the whole town looks fantastic. 从塔顶望去，整座小镇美不胜收。 Once published, the novel became popular immediately. = Once it was published, the novel became popular immediately. 一经出版，这本小说迅速走红。 2. 做原因状语（相当于 because /since 从句） Encouraged by his teacher, Chris continued practicing his speech. = Because Chris was encouraged by his teacher, he continued practicing his speech. 受到老师的鼓励，克里斯坚持练习演讲。 Shocked by the bad news, she could hardly say a word. = As she was shocked by the bad news, she could hardly say a word. 被坏消息震惊，她几乎说不出话。 3. 作条件状语（相当于 if 从句） Given more chances, she will make greater progress. = If she is given more chances, she will make greater progress. 如果给予更多机会，她会取得更大进步。 Taken properly, the medicine will work well. = If the medicine is taken properly, the medicine will work well. 如若正确服用，药效良好。 4. 作让步状语从句（相当于 though /although，考题中等频率） Beaten many times, he never gave up his dream. = Though he was beaten many times, he never gave up his dream. 尽管屡次受挫，他从未放弃梦想。 Criticized by others, he still stuck to his opinion. 虽然遭到他人指责，他依旧坚持自己的观点。 5. 做伴随状语（常放句末） The young man stood there, surrounded by a group of fans. 年轻人站在那里，被一群粉丝团团围住。 He fell asleep, exhausted by the long journey. 他睡着了，漫长旅途让他疲惫不堪。 The girl walked slowly, buried in her own thoughts. 女孩缓步走着，沉浸在思绪之中。 【对点训练】 1. ________ (admire) by thousands of visitors, the ancient tower has become a famous landmark. 2. ________ (admire) the beauty of the tower, many tourists stop to take photos. 3. The little girl sat on the bench, ________ (hold) a bunch of wild flowers. 4. The athlete lay on the ground, ________ (exhaust) after the long race. 5. ________ (encourage) by her classmates, she made up her mind to join the speech competition. 6. ________ (encourage) her teammates, she always shares useful skills. 7. ________ (see) from the valley, the waterfall looks like a silver ribbon. 8. ________ (see) the waterfall, they shouted with excitement. 9. （2026·全国一卷）_____________(draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands that serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 10.（2024·全国二卷）_________________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 11.（2022·全国一卷） （cover）an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 12.（2021·全国二卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________ (think)it is food. 13.（2019·全国三卷）On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， （listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 【答案】1.Admired 2.Admiring 3.holding4.exhausted5.Encouraged6.Encouraging7.Seen8.Seeing9.Drawn 10.Recalling11.Covering12..thinking13.listening 【详解】 1.考查过去分词作原因状语。主句主语 the ancient tower，古塔 “被游客欣赏”，存在被动关系，使用过去分词。句意：受到成千上万游客的赞赏，这座古塔成了著名地标。 2.考查现在分词作时间状语。主句主语 many tourists，游客主动欣赏美景，主动关系，使用现在分词。句意：欣赏古塔美景时，许多游客停下来拍照。 3.考查现在分词置于句末作伴随状语。主句主语 the little girl，女孩主动捧着野花，动作与主句动作同步发生，主动关系，用现在分词。句意：小女孩坐在长椅上，手里捧着一束野花。 4.考查形容词化过去分词作伴随状语。exhausted 描述人感到疲惫；exhausting 修饰事物，表示令人疲惫的。本句描述运动员自身状态，选用 exhausted。句意：运动员躺在地上，长跑过后筋疲力尽。 5.考查过去分词作原因状语。主句主语 she，她被同学们鼓励，被动关系，使用过去分词。句意：受到同学们的鼓舞，她下定决心参加演讲比赛。 6.考查现在分词作目的状语。主句主语 she，她主动鼓励队友，主动逻辑，使用现在分词。句意：为鼓舞队友，她总会分享实用技巧。 7.考查过去分词作时间状语。主句主语 the waterfall，瀑布被人们眺望，被动关系，使用过去分词。句意：从山谷望去，瀑布像一条银色丝带。 8.考查现在分词作时间状语。主句主语 they，他们主动看见瀑布，主动关系，使用现在分词。句意：看到瀑布，他们兴奋地大喊起来。 9.考查过去分词作原因状语。draw 此处意为 “吸引”，主语 they 被美食香气吸引，构成被动结构 be drawn by，使用过去分词。句意：被街边小吃的香味吸引，他们在售卖热气腾腾饺子和热汤面的摊位前排起长队。 10.考查现在分词作状语。句子逻辑主语是人，人主动回忆往事，主动关系，使用现在分词。句意：回想起几年前在上海观看中文版莎士比亚《理查三世》，还遇见前来斯特拉特福表演《牡丹亭》选段的中国演员。 11.考查现在分词作状语（高频易错）。cover 表示占地、面积达，描述事物固有属性，无被动形式。主语国家公园具备该占地面积，用现在分词。句意：占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，该国家公园将成为国内首批国家公园之一。 12.考查现在分词作句末伴随状语。主语 many sea animals，海洋动物主动误以为塑料是食物，主动关系，用现在分词。句意：得知许多海洋动物误食塑料垃圾，误以为那是食物，我十分难过。 13.考查现在分词作伴随状语，并列结构形式一致。主句主语 we，我们主动聆听音乐；后文 and meeting 是并列分词，形式需要保持统一。句意：为期一周旅程的最后一天，我们受邀在北岸一座美丽农场参加星空下的私人音乐会，聆听音乐家演奏，结识有趣的当地人。 一、默写重点单词 1._________________ n.（一块）布；织物；布料 2._________________ n. 边；边缘；边线；刀刃 vt. & vi.（使）徐徐移动；给…… 加边 3._________________ adj. 巨大的；极大的 4. _________________ n. 边界；界限；分界线 5._________________ n. 小屋；（尤指）村舍；小别墅 6_________________ vt. 祝福 7._________________ n. 禁止；阻止；禁令 8._________________ n. 新闻记者；新闻工作者 9._________________ n. 自行车；摩托车；循环 vi. 骑自行车 10.________________ vt. & vi.（使）摆动；摇摆；转弯；（使）突然转向 11._________________ adj. 极佳的；卓越的 12._________________ n. 食欲；胃口；强烈欲望 13._________________ n. 娱乐；招待；娱乐活动；文娱节目 14._________________ n.（书、报纸印刷页上的）栏；专栏；柱（形物） 15._________________adj. 酸的；有酸味的 16._________________ adj. 看得见的；可见的 17._________________ adj. 极好的；极大的；难以置信的 18._________________ adj. 有特定主题的 n. 主题；主题思想 19._________________ adj. 可爱的；讨人喜爱的 20._________________ adj. 稀少的；珍贵的；（肉）半熟的 【答案】 1. cloth 2. edge 3. enormous 4. boundary 5. cottage 6. bless 7. ban 8. journalist 9. cycle 10. swing 11. superb 12. appetite 13. entertainment 14. column 15. sour 16. visible 17. incredible 18. theme 19. adorable 20. rare 二、词汇运用 1. The local government put a ____________ (禁令) on fishing in this river, and anyone ____________ (禁止) from fishing . 2. Minors must __________________ (陪同) by guardians when entering this scenic zone. 3. The childless couple are thinking of __________________ (收养) an orphan from the disaster area. 4. They __________________ (出发) at sunrise yesterday to avoid the midday heat. 5. Strict rules __________________ (禁止) students bringing mobile phones into the exam hall. 6. After sitting for hours, she stood up and __________________ (伸展) her tired body. 7. Working as a volunteer is highly __________________ (有益的；有意义的). 8. Freedom and equality are the major __________________ (主题) of his speeches. 9. It is __________________ (难以置信的) that he mastered three foreign languages in one year. 10. Unique folk art __________________ (吸引) visitors from all over the world. 11. Without a clear destination, he __________________ (漫步) aimlessly around the old town last weekend. 12. An __________________ (巨大的) number of volunteers joined the environmental protection activity. 13. Many teenagers blindly follow the latest __________________ (时尚). 14. It is __________________ (由……决定) you to choose your future career path. 15. We enjoyed a __________________ (壮丽的) sunset above the ocean. 16. A collection of traditional handicrafts will be on __________________ (展出) in the museum. 答案 1. ban; banned 2. be accompanied 3. adopting 4. set out 5. prohibited 6. stretched 7. rewarding 8. themes 9. incredible 10. appeals to /appealed to 11. wandered 12. enormous 13. fashion 14. up to 15. splendid 16. display 三、重点句型 1.The girl _________________________ on the stage has received professional musical training since childhood. 正在舞台上弹奏古典乐曲的女孩从小接受专业音乐训练。 2. She sat by the window in the café, _______________________ and________________ her thoughts casually. 她坐在咖啡馆靠窗的位置，翻看小说并随手记录下自己的感悟。 3. The city vigorously developed public transport, _________________________ during rush hours. 这座城市大力发展公共交通，极大缓解了早晚高峰的交通拥堵。 4. __________________________teenagers can balance academic tasks and personal hobbies in their daily life. 人们希望青少年能够在日常生活中平衡学业任务与个人爱好。 5. _________________________________________ during your further study, you should keep calm and stick to your original goal. 无论你在深造途中遇到什么样的挑战，都应当保持冷静，坚守最初的目标。 6. The newly built shopping mall is nearly __________________________________ the old commercial centre downtown. 这座新建商场的面积几乎是市中心旧商业中心的三倍。 【答案】1.playing classical music 2.reading a novel ;writing down 3. greatly easing traffic jams 4.It is hoped that 5.Whatever challenges you meet 6. three times as large as / three times larger than / three times the size of 四、课文语法填空 I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is 1._________(bright) shining, telling whether it is morning 2.__________ night is impossible. I’m above the Arctic Circle, where in summer the sun never sets. 3.____________(check) my watch, I see it is 7:30 a.m. Spreading out before me, branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below. I’m in Sarek National Park, a remote place with no roads or towns. Sarek’s mountains used to 4.___________(cover) by vast sheets of ice. Around 9,000 years ago, this ice melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers. Soon after, reindeer arrived. Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. In 1909, Sarek became 5._______national park in order to keep the land 6.__________(nature). Though the Sami can continue their traditional life here, all new development is banned within park boundaries. Close by the valley, reindeer are feeding 7.________ grass. For centuries, looking after reindeer supported the Sami. They used reindeer meat, bones and skin for daily use. Today most Sami live modern 8._________(life) in nearby villages. But every spring, some still follow reindeer into Sarek’s valleys, living in tents and enjoying traditions. I am not a Sami, yet I’ve adopted some habits. My breakfast is flat bread warmed over fire and berries 9.____________ I picked near my tent. After breakfast, I pack my bag and set out again. My bag weighs 30 kilograms. Hiking to the distant destination will mean hard work. However, I cannot complain. Being in such a wild place makes me feel 10.__________(bless). Here I am, under a broad sky, breathing fresh air and enjoying this adventure. What could be better ? 【答案】1.brightly 2.or 3. Checking 4. be covered 5.a 6.natural 7.on 8.lives 9.that /which 10.blessed 【解析】 1.brightly 考查副词修饰动词 shining。bright 是形容词，副词形式 brightly。 句意：尽管阳光灿烂，但很难分辨此刻是清晨还是夜晚。 2.or 考查连词 固定搭配 whether...or... 是…… 还是……，表选择。 3.Checking 考查现在分词作状语。主语 I 和 check 之间是主动关系，置于句首作伴随状语，用现在分词。 4.be covered 考查被动语态。固定搭配 used to do sth（过去常常……）；山脉是 “被冰层覆盖”，因此不定式使用被动 to be covered。 5.a 考查冠词。national park 是可数名词单数，national 辅音音素开头，表示 “一座国家公园”，用不定冠词 a。 6.natural 考查形容词。keep + 宾语 + 形容词（宾语补足语），nature 名词 → natural 形容词，keep the land natural 保持土地原生态。 7.on 考查介词。固定短语 feed on 以…… 为食。 8.lives 考查名词复数。主语 most Sami（大多数萨米人），过着现代生活，life 表示 “生活方式” 时复数 lives。live modern lives 过现代生活。 9.that / which考查定语从句。先行词 berries（浆果，物），关系代词在从句中作 picked 的宾语，可用 that/which，作宾语时可以省略。 10.blessed 考查形容词作表语。bless（动词，保佑）→ blessed（形容词，幸运的、幸福的）；feel blessed 感到幸运。 五、阅读理解 A Northern Scandinavia is home to the Sámi, Europe’s only officially recognized indigenous people. For thousands of years, they have followed reindeer across vast wilderness above the Arctic Circle, just as their ancestors once did within Sarek National Park in northern Sweden. Sarek, famous for its untouched valleys and glaciers, serves as a living example of how wilderness and ancient culture can exist side by side. The traditional seasonal migration of reindeer depends on continuous, undisturbed grazing land. However, newly planned wind farms and mining projects are cutting straight across ancient migration routes. Many Sami herders warn that these developments will break the long-standing balance between nature and their culture. Without wide enough grassland, reindeer herds will shrink, and the Sami way of life will face serious risks. Sarek was officially set up as a national park in 1909 to preserve wild land. Within its boundaries, all new construction is banned, allowing the old lifestyle to survive. Yet lands outside the park face growing pressure. Some herders now use modern tools such as GPS to track reindeer, mixing ancient traditions with modern technology. Climate change makes the situation even harder. Warmer winters change snow conditions, making it difficult for reindeer to dig out food under thick ice. Many young Sami face a hard choice: stay to continue herding or move to cities to seek stable jobs. Supporters of green energy say wind power is necessary to fight global warming. But Sami communities argue that environmental protection cannot ignore indigenous rights. Protecting the planet should not come at the cost of destroying centuries-old native cultures. The conflict raises a key question for all national parks around the world: how can humans balance clean energy development, wilderness protection and the survival of ancient cultures? 1. What forms the base of the Sami’s traditional lifestyle? A. Mining minerals in mountains B. Herding reindeer across wilderness C. Building wind power stations D. Guiding tourists through national parks 2.Why was new development forbidden inside Sarek National Park? A. To keep the land in its natural state B. To limit the number of reindeer C. To stop young Sami from moving out D. To attract more overseas visitors 3.What trouble do reindeer meet because of climate change? A. Migration routes are flooded B. They can hardly find food beneath snow C. They fail to stand extremely hot summers D. GPS cannot work properly in warm weather 4.What message does the text try to convey? A. Green energy projects cause no harm to wildlife. B. Most young Sami refuse to work in modern cities. C. Conflicts appear between green energy and Sami culture. D. Sarek National Park covers all traditional Sami territory. 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 【详解】 1.B细节理解题 根据第一段 “For thousands of years, they have followed reindeer across vast wilderness above the Arctic Circle” 可知，数千年来萨米人跟随驯鹿穿越旷野放牧驯鹿，放牧驯鹿构成他们传统生活的基础。故选B（在荒野中放牧驯鹿）。 错项排除：A 采矿、C 建造风电站、D 导游都不是萨米人的传统生活方式。 2.A 细节理解题 根据第三段 “Sarek was officially set up as a national park in 1909 to preserve wild land. Within its boundaries, all new construction is banned”，建立公园、禁止新建开发项目的目的是保护这片土地，维持其自然状态。故选A（保持土地的自然状态）。 错项排除：B 限制驯鹿数量、C 阻止年轻人外出、D 吸引游客，文中均无相关信息。 3.B 细节理解题 根据第三段 “Warmer winters change snow conditions, making it difficult for reindeer to dig out food under thick ice.” 气候变暖改变积雪环境，驯鹿很难在冰层下找到食物。故选B（它们在雪下几乎找不到食物）。 错项排除：A 迁徙路线被淹没、C 无法忍受酷暑、DGPS 失灵，原文没有提及。 4.C 推理判断题 根据第二，三，四段可知，风电、采矿等绿色能源项目切断驯鹿迁徙路线，萨米人提出反对。由此可推断，绿色能源开发与萨米传统文化之间产生了冲突。故选C。 错项排除：A 绿色能源对野生动物无害，与原文观点相反；B 大多数萨米年轻人拒绝进城，文中只说明年轻人面临选择；D 公园覆盖萨米全部传统领地，明显错误。 B Wild Beauty of Sarek National Park Sarek National Park, located far north in Sweden inside the Arctic Circle, is widely known as Europe’s hidden wilderness. Unlike many popular tourist parks, there are no paved roads, comfortable hotels or clearly marked hiking paths within the park. All visitors must carry all food and supplies on their own and get fully prepared for challenging mountain hikes. Nine thousand years ago, huge ice sheets covered this whole region. After the ice slowly melted, countless glaciers, deep valleys and winding rivers formed the amazing landscape we see today. Reindeer arrived first to settle on the land, followed by the Sami, who have lived off this wilderness ever since. Rules inside the park are strict. All permanent new buildings are not allowed. However, the Sami still keep the legal right to herd reindeer, set up tents and follow their traditional lifestyle. Every spring, some Sami families leave modern villages and travel deep into remote valleys, following reindeer herds. They live in simple tents or old wooden cottages and pass down their customs to younger generations. For hikers, Sarek offers unbelievable natural views. Under the Arctic midnight sun, the sun never sinks below the horizon during summer months. But the journey is never easy. Heavy backpacks, sudden storms and rough rocky land test every traveller’s courage and strength. Still, many hikers say the peace and quiet of the wild makes all hardship worthwhile. When hiking here, visitors should respect local rules. They cannot leave rubbish or disturb wild animals. Most importantly, tourists need to understand that Sarek is not merely a sightseeing spot. It is both a natural treasure and an important cultural home for the Sami people. 5.What makes Sarek different from most tourist parks? A. It provides many modern hotels. B. It has no roads or marked hiking paths. C. It offers guided tours all year round. D. Plenty of restaurants serve local food. 6.Which group reached the land first after ice disappeared? A. Tourist hikers B. The Sami people C. Reindeer D. Ancient farmers 7.What right do the Sami still enjoy inside Sarek? A. Building new permanent cottages B. Herding reindeer and camping C. Opening shops for visitors D. Developing tourist projects 8.What is the writer’s attitude toward hiking in Sarek? A. Tough but rewarding B. Boring and dangerous C. Relaxing and effortless D. Tiring and meaningless 【答案】5. B 6. C 7. B 8.A 【详解】 5.B 细节理解题 根据第一段 “Unlike many popular tourist parks, there are no paved roads, comfortable hotels or clearly marked hiking paths within the park.” 和大多数旅游公园不同，萨雷克公园没有铺装道路和标识徒步路线。 错项排除：A 拥有大量现代化酒店、C 全年提供导游服务、D 遍布餐馆，均和原文相反。 6.C 细节理解题 根据第二段 “Reindeer arrived first to settle on the land, followed by the Sami” 冰层消融后，驯鹿最先来到这片土地，之后萨米人到来。 错项排除：A 徒步游客、B 萨米人、D 古代农民，顺序错误。 7. B 细节理解题 根据第三段 “the Sami still keep the legal right to herd reindeer, set up tents and follow their traditional lifestyle” 萨米人依旧有权放牧驯鹿、搭建帐篷（露营）。 错项排除：A 建造永久性房屋、C 开设商铺、D 开发旅游项目，公园内禁止永久性新建建筑。 8.A 观点态度题 根据第四段 “But the journey is never easy...Still, many hikers say the peace and quiet of the wild makes all hardship worthwhile.” 旅途艰辛，但荒野的宁静让一切辛苦值得，概括为 tough but rewarding（艰难却值得）。 错项排除：B 无聊危险；C 轻松惬意；D 疲惫毫无意义，不符合文章态度。 C China’s National Parks: Balancing Nature and Culture China’s national park system aims to protect valuable wildlife and natural landscapes while fully respecting local people’s traditional lives. Just like Sarek National Park in Sweden, these parks try to strike a balance between environmental protection and cultural inheritance. Many national parks cover areas where ethnic minority groups have lived for hundreds of years. Strict rules prevent overdevelopment, but local residents are allowed to continue their traditional ways of making a living. Professional park rangers work day and night to repair damaged environment and watch over endangered animals. More and more young people are taking part in park protection work. Some serve as volunteer guides, introducing wild plants and local culture to visitors. Others carry out environmental research to learn more about ecosystem changes. National parks are far more than places for sightseeing. They act as natural shelters, where wildlife and humans can live in perfect harmony. As more visitors come to enjoy wild scenery, stricter rules are carried out to reduce human influence. Tourists cannot camp freely or leave rubbish everywhere. They are also asked to keep away from wild animals. The long-term goal is to keep these wild areas healthy for future generations. Building national parks also brings new chances for local villages. Proper eco-tourism creates jobs without destroying nature. In this way, protection can bring benefits to local people, encouraging them to take part in environmental protection actively. 9.What do China’s national parks aim to balance? A. Tourism income and building costs B. Environmental protection and local traditional life C. Animal hunting and sightseeing activities D. City development and public transportation 10.What are local residents permitted to do in national parks? A. Build large factories B. Carry on their traditional livelihood C. Construct hotels for tourists D. Hunt wild animals freely 11.What is the main task of park rangers? A. Provide food service for visitors B. Study local minority culture C. Protect and restore natural environment D. Sell entrance tickets to tourists 12.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Rules visitors should follow inside national parks. B. Similarities between Chinese and Swedish parks. C. Goals, management and value of China’s national parks. D. Ways to increase tourism income in wild areas. 【答案】9.B 10.B 11.C 12.C 【详解】 9.B 细节理解题 根据第一段 “China’s national park system aims to protect valuable wildlife and natural landscapes while fully respecting local people’s traditional lives...these parks try to strike a balance between environmental protection and cultural inheritance.”可知， 中国国家公园力求平衡环境保护与当地人传统生活。 错项排除：A 旅游收入与建设成本；C 狩猎与观光；D 城市发展与交通，文中没有相关平衡关系。 10.B 细节理解题 根据第二段 “Strict rules prevent overdevelopment, but local residents are allowed to continue their traditional ways of making a living.” 可知，当地居民可以继续维持传统谋生方式。 错项排除：A 建造大型工厂、C 修建酒店、D 随意捕猎野生动物，均被法规禁止。 11.C 细节理解题 根据第二段 “Professional park rangers work day and night to repair damaged environment and watch over endangered animals.” 可知，护林员负责修复受损环境、保护野生动物，也就是保护和修复自然环境。 错项排除：A 为游客提供餐饮；B 研究少数民族文化；C 售卖门票，都不是护林员的主要工作。 12.C 主旨大意题 全文介绍中国国家公园设立目标、管理方式、生态与文化价值，探讨如何协调保护与发展。 错项排除：A 游客需要遵守的规则仅为局部信息；B 中瑞公园的相似点只是开篇引子，并非主旨；D 提高景区旅游收入只是次要信息。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Fascinating Parks 词汇 一、阅读词汇 单词 1. ____________________ vt. 连续猛击；打来打去 n. 自助餐 2. ____________________ n.（一块）布；织物；布料 3. ____________________ n. 边；边缘；边线；刀刃 vt. & vi.（使）徐徐移动；给…… 加边 4. ____________________ n. 冰川 5. ____________________ n. 驯鹿 6. ____________________ n. 领土；版图；领域；地盘 7. ____________________ n. 边界；界限；分界线 8. ____________________ n. 小屋；（尤指）村舍；小别墅 9. ____________________ vt. 祝福 10. ____________________ n. 禁止；阻止；禁令 11. ____________________ vt.（尤指以法令）禁止；阻止 12. ____________________ n. 新闻记者；新闻工作者 13. ____________________ vi. 打喷嚏 n. 喷嚏；喷嚏声 14. ____________________ n. 茶壶 15. ____________________ vt. 用标签标明；贴标签 n. 标签；标记 16. ____________________ n. 奶油；乳脂；护肤霜 adj. 奶油色的；淡黄色的 17. ____________________ n. 豹 18. ____________________ n. 灌木 19. ____________________ n. 肺 20. ____________________ n. 自行车；摩托车；循环 vi. 骑自行车 21. ____________________ n. 狭长地带；走廊；过道；通道 22. ____________________ n.（自行车等的）脚镫子；踏板 vt. & vi. 骑自行车；踩踏板 23. ____________________ n. 喷泉；人工喷泉；喷水池 24. ____________________ n. 海盗；盗版者 vt. 盗印；窃用 25. ____________________ vt. & vi.（使）摆动；摇摆；转弯；（使）突然转向 26. ____________________ n. 铁；铁器；铸铁；熨斗 vt. & vi.（用熨斗）熨；烫平 27. ____________________ adj. 极佳的；卓越的 28. ____________________ n. 水族馆；水族玻璃槽；养鱼缸 29. ____________________ adj.（近）极地的；南极（或北极）的；磁极的 30. ____________________ n. 食欲；胃口；强烈欲望 31. ____________________ n. 娱乐；招待；娱乐活动；文娱节目 32. ____________________ n.（书、报纸印刷页上的）栏；专栏；柱（形物） 33. ____________________ n. 路线；路途；途径 34. ____________________ adj. 酸的；有酸味的 短语 1. ____________________________ 过山车 2. ____________________________ 按照自己的主张 / 条件 3. ____________________________ 一种生活方式 4. ____________________________ 在附近 5. ____________________________ 以…为食 6. ____________________________ 在行进中；四处奔波 7. ____________________________ 少量的…… 8. ____________________________ 有幸做…… 9. ____________________________ 是…… 的所在地 / 家园 10. ____________________________ 秉持积极的态度 11. ____________________________ 彻底颠倒；打乱 2、 写作词汇： 单词： 1. _________________ adj. 壮丽的；雄伟的；极佳的；非常好的 2. _________________ n. 展览；陈列；展览品 vt. 显示；陈列 3. _________________ adj. 有特定主题的 n. 主题；主题思想 4. _________________ adj. 极好的；极大的；难以置信的 5. _________________ vi. 有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉 n. 吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求 6. _________________ adj. 可爱的；讨人喜爱的 7. _________________ n. 游荡；闲逛；流浪 vt. & vi. 闲逛；漫游 vi. 走失；离散；走神 8. _________________ n. 娱乐（活动）；愉悦 9. _________________ vt.（提供）消遣；（使）娱乐 10. _________________ adj. 巨大的；极大的 11. _________________ n. 时尚；时兴；流行款式 12. _________________ adj. 稀少的；珍贵的；（肉）半熟的 13. _________________ adj. 辽阔的；巨大的；庞大的 14. _________________ n. 谷；山谷；溪谷 15. _________________ vt. 明令禁止；取缔 n. 禁令 16. _________________ adj. 看得见的；可见的 17. _________________ vt. 陪同；陪伴；伴随；（尤指用钢琴）为…… 伴奏 18. _________________ vt. 采用；采取；采纳 vt. & vi. 领养 19. _________________ vi. 延伸；延续 vi. & vt. 伸展；舒展 20. _________________ adv. 向前；在前面；提前 短语 1. ____________________达到（某数量、程度等）；直到；不多于；（体力或智力上）能胜任 2. ____________________ 出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作 3. _____________________ 依靠…… 生活；以吃…… 为生 4. _____________________ 吸引某人目光 5. _____________________ 锻炼；算出；解决 6. _____________________ 过去常常做某事 7. _____________________ 被…… 覆盖 8. _____________________ 留下；遗留；抛弃 9. _____________________ 除了…… 之外 10. _____________________ 为了（表目的） 11. _____________________ 被允许做某事 12. _____________________ 照顾 13. _____________________ 出发；着手开始 14. _____________________ 充满…… 15. _____________________ 导致（结果） 16. _____________________ 被认为做某事 17. _____________________ 由于；因为 18. _____________________ 碰巧做某事 19. _____________________ 轮流做某事 20. _____________________ 表演节目 21. _____________________ 全年；一年四季 22. _____________________ 开心地做某事 23. _____________________ 除…… 之外（还有） 24. _____________________ 除了 25. _____________________ 对…… 有吸引力；呼吁 26. _____________________ 熟悉…… 27. _____________________ 因…… 而出名 28. _____________________ 期待（to 是介词，后接 doing） 三、词汇变形： 1. visible adj.看得见的 → ________________ adv.明显地 → ________________ n.能见度 → ________________ adj.看不见的 2. accompany vt.陪伴 →________________n.陪伴；公司 → ________________ n.同伴 3. adopt vt.采用；领养 → ________________ n.采纳；收养 → ________________ adj.被收养的 4.prohibit vt.禁止 → ________________ n.禁令；禁止 5.journalist n.记者 → ________________ n.期刊；日记 6.rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的 → ________________n. 回报；奖励 /v. 奖赏 7.theme n.主题 → ________________ adj.主题的 8.incredible adj.难以置信的 → ________________ adv.难以置信地 9.appeal vi.&n.吸引；呼吁 → ________________ adj.吸引人的 10.adore vt.喜爱；崇拜 →________________ adj.可爱的 → ________________n.热爱 11.wander vi.漫游；闲逛 → ________________ n.漫游者 12.amuse vt.使开心 → ________________ n.娱乐 →________________ adj.感到愉快的 → ________________ adj.令人发笑的 13.enormous adj.巨大的 → ________________ adv.极其；非常 14.fashion n.时尚 →________________ adj.时髦的 15.rare adj.稀少的 → ________________ adv.很少；难得 → ________________ n.稀有；珍品 16.steam n.蒸汽 vi.冒水汽 →________________ n.轮船；蒸锅 → ________________ adj.湿热的 17.vast adj.辽阔的 → ________________ adv.极大地 → ________________ n.广阔 18.splendid adj.壮丽的 → ________________ adv.壮丽地 → ________________ n.壮丽；辉煌 19.appetite n.食欲 → ________________adj.开胃的；诱人的 20.entertain vt.使娱乐；招待 → ________________n.娱乐；招待 → ________________adj.有趣的 → ________________ n.表演者 21.column n.专栏；柱子 → ________________n.专栏作家 四、熟词生义 1.adopt 熟义：vt.采用；采取；采纳；领养 生义：__________________________________ She was adopted as parliamentary candidate for Wood Green. 她被推举为伍德格林选区的议员候选人。 2. sour 熟义：adj.酸的；有酸味的 生义：_______________________________ 例句：Their once close friendship soured after a silly argument. 一场无谓的争吵过后，他们曾经亲密的友谊逐渐恶化。 The manager’s rude words soured the mood of the whole team. 经理粗鲁的话语破坏、恶化了整个团队的氛围。 3. label n. 熟义：v. 贴标签; n. 标签，标记 生义：___________________________ 例句：It's his first release for a major label. 这是他在大唱片公司发行的第一张唱片。 4. Stretch 熟义：vi.延伸；延续 ；伸展；舒展 & vt. 伸展；舒展 生义：___________________________ 例句：I need a new car, but my savings won't stretch to it. 我需要一辆新车，但我的积蓄不够。 The influx of refugees has stretched the country's resources to the limit . 难民的大量涌入把这个国家的资源消耗殆尽。 I followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. 我跟着养蜂人Ziyad走过一大片草原，然后进入一片茂密的丛林 5. appeal 熟义：vi.有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉 & n. 吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求 生义：__________________________________ 例句：The speech appeals to our heart and appeals to us to value nature , whose beauty appeals to our creative minds. 这场演讲打动我们的内心，劝说我们珍惜自然，而自然之美启发我们的创造力。 6. up to 熟义：达到（某数量，程度等）；直到；不多于；（体力或智力上）能胜任 生义： __________________________________________ 例句：Don’t leave the two kids alone; they’re always up to mischief. 别让两个小孩单独待着，他们总在干调皮捣蛋的坏事。 I saw him hanging around the warehouse late at night. What is he up to? 深夜我看见他在仓库附近徘徊，他到底在暗中搞什么名堂？ 写作 句型 1. I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. 我在风吹动帐篷布的声音中醒来。 buffeting the cloth of my tent 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词wind，表示wind与buffet之间是主动关系。 All students _____________________________________the English speech contest should sign up before Wednesday. 所有希望参加英语演讲比赛的学生需在周三前报名。 2.Around 9,000 years ago, this ice melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers. 大约9000年前，这些冰融化了，留下了大约100个冰川。 leaving behind about 100 glaciers是现在分词短语作结果状语，this ice 与 leave behind 之间是主语关系，表示冰川融化，自然而然产生 “留下上百条冰河” 这个结果。 We organized a charity sale on campus last week, ____________________________________ for children in rural areas. 上周我们在校内举办义卖活动，为乡村儿童筹得两千多元善款。 3.But every spring, a small number of Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek, living in tents or old cottages and enjoying their traditions. 但每年春天，仍有一小部分萨米人跟随他们的驯鹿进入萨雷克的山谷，住在帐篷或古老的小屋里，享受着他们的传统。 living... and enjoying... 是并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语，与逻辑主语即主句主语 a small number of Sami之间是主动关系，表主句动作 follow 发生的同时同步进行的两个伴随行为。 Many visitors wander in the ancient street,______________local snacks and _______________ traditional handicrafts. 许多游客漫步古街，品尝特色小吃，欣赏传统手工艺品。 4.It is hoped that Sarek National Park will always remain as it is, natural and beautiful. 希望萨雷克国家公园能永远保持现状——自然且美丽。 It is hoped that .......是固定句型，“（人们）希望…… / 但愿……”it 是形式主语，真正主语是后面 that 引导的从句； 同类句型归纳： It is reported that… 据报道 ...... It is said that… 据说 ...... It is widely believed that… 人们普遍认为...... It is thought that ......人们认为...... ___________________________we can protect wild animals, safe and free. 人们希望我们能保护野生动物，让它们平安自在。 ___________________________ more young people begin to love traditional arts. 据报道，越来越多年轻人开始喜爱传统艺术。 __________________________ reading can enrich our inner world. 人们普遍认为阅读能够丰富我们的内心世界。 5.Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you! 无论您喜欢哪种类型或什么，这里都有一个能吸引您的绝佳主题公园。 Whichever and whatever you like是whichever和whatever引导的让步状语从句 that will appeal to you是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 theme park. ____________________________________, there is a chance that you will make new friends. 无论你选择哪项活动，你都有机会交到新朋友。 6.This vast new park is nearly four times larger than the old wildlife park protecting the tigers’ habitat, and ...... 这座规模宏大的新公园面积几乎是原先保护老虎栖息地的野生动物园的四倍.......。 A is four times larger than B ：A是B的四倍，这是倍数表达法，固定句型： A + be +...... times(倍数) + adj.比较级 + than + B 类似的表达法还有: A +be +...times +as +adj.+as +B A +be +...times the +n+ of +B 三者含义完全一致：A 是 B 的.......倍 This new wetland ________________________________the former reserve protecting birds’ habitats. 这片新湿地面积是原先保护鸟类栖息地保护区的两倍。 语法 动词-ing 作主语 写作 介绍一座公园 一、知识点精讲 1.（2020-2023年考查四次）ban vt. 明令禁止；取缔 n. 禁令 With more species dying out, many governments have put a ban on eating wild animals. 随着更多物种濒临灭绝，许多政府已禁止食用野生动物。 短语： ban doing sth 禁止做某事 ban sb from (doing) sth 禁止某人（做 / 从事）某事 a ban on… 关于…… 的禁令 ①(2023・全国乙卷) In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she ______________（ban）from medicine. 尽管法院听取了她作为医生的证词，但她仍被禁止从医。 ②(2022·全国二卷) Over the last seven years, most states ____________________________ by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. 在过去的七年里，大多数州已禁止驾驶员发送短信，而各类公益宣传活动也尝试了多种方法，以说服人们在驾驶时放下手机。 ③(2022·全国二卷) He pushed for the state's 2001 ______________ hand-held devices by drivers. 他推动了该州2001年禁止司机使用手持设备的禁令。 ④(2021・全国甲卷) __________________________ the hotel since 2001, Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said. 费尔蒙酒店表示，自2001年起酒店就禁止伯奇尔入住，现在欢迎他再次入住。 2.（2018-2025年考查三次） accompany vt. 陪同；陪伴；伴随；（尤指用钢琴）为…… 伴奏 His wife accompanied him on the trip.那次旅行他由妻子陪同。 短语： accompany sb = keep sb company 陪伴某人 accompany sb to a place 陪伴 / 陪同某人到某地 accompany sb on sth 用某物为某人伴奏 be accompanied by sth 附带着某物；伴随着某物 ①(2023・全国甲卷) From the age of six, Terri, now 26, ______________ Derek to work during her school holidays. ②Strong winds ____________________________ by heavy rain狂风夹着暴雨。 ③ (2018・全国三卷) Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website ______________ by the touching words. 特蕾莎在社交网络平台上发布了这次偶遇的照片，并配上了感人的话语。 ④The singer ____________________________the piano by her sister.女歌手由她姐姐钢琴伴奏。 【词汇拓展】 ①company n. 陪伴，交往（不可数名词）；公司（可数名词）（2018-2026年考查六次） keep sb company 陪伴某人 in company with 与…… 一起 ②companion n. 同伴；伙伴；陪护者（可数） （2025·全国一卷）Toby was his constant______________, the one who kept him going. 4.(2020-2026年考查三次) set out 出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作 set out for sp 出发去某地 set out to do sth 着手做某事：开始或计划去做某事 We ______________ at dawn to avoid heavy traffic. 我们黎明时分出发，避开拥堵。 They _________________________ the mountain village early in the morning. 他们一早动身前往那个山村。 He ____________________________ his own small company. 他开始创办属于自己的小公司。 (2026·全国一卷) Emily Sanders, a 25-year-old from Detroit, Michigan,______________on December 23rd with high hopes of reaching Toronto to meet her boyfriend for Christmas. 来自密歇根州底特律的25岁女性Emily Sanders于12月23日启程，满怀希望前往多伦多与男友在圣诞节见面。 (2024·全国二卷)This is why Campbell has __________________________ awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. 正因如此，坎贝尔着手提升公众对人工智能及其未来的认知——这比这些技术发展预期发生的时间早了数十年。 (2020·全国三卷) The next morning he hired a boat and _________________________the well-known painter. 第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找那位著名的画家。 【词汇拓展】 ______________ 出发，启程 ；引爆；触发（警报） ；激起（情绪） ______________ 留出（时间 / 金钱）；搁置，不予考虑 ______________ 着手，开始做 ______________推迟，延缓; 使花费 ______________ 释放 ______________ = set sth on fire 纵火，点燃 ______________为某人树立榜样 ______________踏入，登上 ______________启航 be set in (故事、电影) 以…… 为背景 be set to do sth 准备好做；很有可能做 be set on sth/doing sth 决心做某事 【易混辨析】 set out ①“出发；动身”, 短语：set out for sp. ②“着手做某事”,短语：set out to do sth set off ①“出发；动身”=set out ② “引爆” “引起；激起” set about “开始着手做”，短语：set about doing 开始着手做某事=set out to do 4.(2019-2025年考查四次)appeal 有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉；请求 短语： appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力 appeal to sb for sth/to do sth 恳求 / 呼吁某人做某事 make an appeal to sb for sth/to do sth 恳求 / 呼吁某人做某事 ①Organisers________________________ the crowd _________________ when there came what sounded like a gunshot. 当听到类似枪声的声音时，组织者呼吁人群不要惊慌。 ②（2025·全国二卷）Knuth found that houseplants ______________more to students. 高德纳发现室内植物对学生更有吸引力。 ③（2021·全国一卷）Although the continuing popular ______________ of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. 尽管情商的持续流行的吸引力是可取的，我们希望这样的关注将激发对情感的科学和学术研究更大的兴趣。 ④(2021・天津卷) The procedure ______________the staff a lot when it was introduced in January. 该程序在1月份推出时，对工作人员非常有吸引力。 ⑤（2019·全国三卷）In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would ______________ a mass audience. 此外，大多数报纸几乎没有吸引大众的内容。 【词汇拓展】 (2021-2024年考查三次) appealing adj. 有吸引力的；有感染力的 ①And, even if I weren’t excited enough about free credits, news about our instructor was ______________ enough to me. 而且，即使我对免费学分不够兴奋，关于我们教练的消息对我来说也足够有吸引力。 ②(2024·全国一卷)That day, I got passed by about 100 “local" bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as ______________. 那天，我从大约100名“当地”骑自行车的人身边经过，他们已经习惯了这种道路。当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。 ③(2023・全国甲卷) He makes philosophical thought an ______________ exercise that improves the quality of our experiences. 他使哲学思考成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们体验的质量。 ④(2021·全国二卷) Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them _______ targets. 牛往往被养在偏远的地方，它们的价值已经上升，使它们成为有吸引力的目标。 5.（2019-2025年考查六次）up to 达到；直到；（某人或智力上）能胜任；正在做；取决于 up to now 直到现在 be up to (doing) sth 胜任 / 正在做某事 It’s up to sb to do sth 由某人决定做某事；做某事是某人的职责 ①He wasn’t at all sure Sara ______________ that job. 他根本不确定萨拉能不能胜任那份工作。 ②The mother wanted to figure out what her little son ______________. 这位母亲想弄清楚她的小儿子在干什么。 ③While we are always influenced by those around us, the decision to act or not, it’s more ______________ us. 虽然我们总是受到周围人的影响，但是否采取行动的决定更多地取决于我们自己。 ④(2025・全国一卷) Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables ______________ the task. 幸运的是，分析表明可再生能源可以胜任这项任务。 ⑤(2025·全国二卷) There are______________ 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. 在何氏的课堂上，任何时候都有多达30名学生。 ⑥(2021·全国一卷) Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require______________ 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. 有些音乐长达40分钟，需要翻页50页，包括翻页重复的段落。 ⑦(2020・全国 Ⅱ) I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading _________ three books a day as a child. 我一直是一个狂热的读者，小时候有时一天读三本书。 ⑧(2019·全国一卷)Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of ______________ $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. 暑期公司为学生提供实际操作的商业培训，并提供高达3000美元的奖励，让他们开始并经营自己的暑期企业。 二、核心语法精讲 动词-ing作 主 语 1． 基本结构： 肯定式主动结构：动词原形+-ing 否定式主动结构：not+动词原形+-ing 肯定式被动结构：being+动词原形+-ing 否定式被动结构：not being +动词原形+-ing 二．基本用法 ㈠ 动词 -ing 形式作主语，往往表示经常性、习惯性、一般性的动作（长期行为、普遍事实）, 通常直接置于句首。单个的动名词（短语）作主语时谓语动词用单数；两个或多个动名词（短语）并列作主语时，如果是一件事谓语动词用单数，如果是两件事,谓语动词要复数。  1. Reading aloud is a good way to learn a foreign language. 大声朗读是学习外语的好方法。（单个动名词做主语，谓语用单数） 2. Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 早睡早起被认为是一个好习惯。（两个动名词短语作并列作主语指一件事，谓语动词用单数） 3.Listening to the English tapes and watching English films are good ways to learn English. 听英语磁带和看英语电影是学习英语的好方法。（两个动名词短语作主语，指的是两件事谓语用复数） ㈡ 有时可用it作形式主语前置，真正的主语是动词-ing形式。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。 1.It's worth making the effort. 这件事值得努力去做。 2.It's no use crying over split milk. 覆水难收。 3.It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。 总结： 常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型有： It + be + a waste of time doing … 做……是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use/useless doing … 做……是没有用的 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing … 做……是值得的 There is no sense in doing 做……没有用/没有意义 ㈢.动词-ing的复合结构作主语时，通常有两种形式： 1.形容词性物主代词+动词-ing 2.名词所有格+动词-ing ①His being late again made his teacher very angry. 他再次迟到让老师很生气。 ②Mike’s returning to work is a great help to his family. 麦克回来工作对他全家来说都是一大帮助。 ㈣.动词-ing与动词不定式作主语的区别： 动词-ing作主语，常常表示抽象的习惯性、经常性或一般性的动作。 不定式一般表示一次性、具体性的行为。 ①Delivering newspapers is his job. 送报纸是他的工作。（指经常性动作） ②To deliver newspapers is his job today. 送报纸是他今天的工作。（指一次具体的事情） ③Climbing mountains can be hard work. 爬山会相当辛苦。(指一般经常性道理) ③To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around ,we were surprised by the view. 爬那些山很辛苦，但当我们环顾四周时，我们被眼前的景色惊呆了。 (具体爬那些山行为，这对那次旅游的具体场合而言) ㈤.动词-ing 形式主动式和被动式的用法： 主动式：动词-ing（表示动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系） 被动式：being +动词-ing（表示动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系） ①Saving money regularly helps us deal with emergencies.定期存钱可以帮助我们应对紧急情况。 （save的逻辑主语是本句中的“us（我们）”，两者之间是主动关系，所以用主动形式） ②Surfing the Internet too much harms teenagers’ health. 上网过多会损害青少年的健康。 （surf的逻辑主语是本句中的“teenagers（青少年们）”，两者之间是主动关系，所以用主动形式） ③Being trained is a must for the employees in the company.对公司的员工来说，接受培训是必须的。 （train的逻辑主语是本句中的“employees(员工)”，两者之间是被动关系，所以用被动形式） ※※※语法小结（思维导图）： 动词-ing作主语： 一．基本结构：肯定式主动结构： ______________ 否定式主动结构： ______________ 肯定式被动结构： ______________ 否定式被动结构： ______________ 2． 基本用法： 1. 动词-ing做主语谓语情况：单个动词-ing做主语谓语用 ______________；两个以上动词-ing做主语，指代一件事谓语用 ______________；指代两件事谓语用 ______________。 2. 常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型有： It + be + __________________________ … 做……是浪费时间的 It is/was _______________________________________… 做……是没有用的 It is/was __________________________ 做……是值得的 _______________________________________ 做……没有用/没有意义 3. 动词-ing做主语的复合结构：__________________________ ； __________________________ 4. 动词-ing与动词不定式作主语的区别： 动词-ing作主语，常常表示____________________________________________________的动作。 不定式一般表示_______________________________________的行为。 5. 动词-ing 形式主动式和被动式的用法： 主动式：__________________________（表示动词与逻辑主语之间是_____________关系） 被动式：__________________________（表示动词与逻辑主语之间是_____________关系） 【巩固练习】 1. ________ (make) full preparations is the key to success. 2.________ (not invite) to the party made her feel upset. 3.It is no use ________ (complain) without taking action. 4.________ (he) ________ (fail) the exam surprised all his teachers. 5. ________ (expose) to sunlight for too long will harm your skin. 6.Reading good books and practising writing ________ (be) helpful for English learning. 7.There is no sense in ________ (quarrel) with such a stubborn man. 8.It is a waste of time ________ (play) online games day and night. 9. _________(learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. 10. ________ (not, praise) by his parents doesn’t mean he did badly. 三、单元写作清单 一、话题分析 写作题型：事物介绍类说明文 核心主题：介绍公园位置、景色、特色、人文、游玩价值、保护意义 必用本单元语法（阅卷加分点）： 现在分词作状语（伴随/结果） 现在分词作后置定语 whichever/whatever 让步句式 It is hoped that… 形式主语高分句型 写作立意：景色优美 + 人文特色 + 值得游览 + 呼吁保护 二、万能写作框架（三段式） 第一段：开篇引入（位置+地位） 简单介绍公园名称、地理位置、整体评价。 第二段：主体详述（景色+特色+活动） 描写自然风景、独特景观、人文特色、游客体验。（重点用本单元分词句型） 第三段：结尾升华（价值+呼吁） 总结魅力、游玩意义、呼吁保护自然。 三、高分写作素材（可直接摘抄） 1. 高级短语（单元必背·优先积累） __________________________ 吸引游客 __________________________处于自然状态 __________________________ 大片森林 __________________________ 偏远宁静 __________________________ 保护自然美景 2. 万能高分句型（直接套用） Located in …, the park is famous for its natural beauty. 坐落于……，这座公园以自然之美闻名。 Vast forests and clear rivers run through the valley,________________(create) a peaceful atmosphere. 广袤的森林与清河贯穿山谷，造就了宁静的氛围。 _____________scenery you like, the park will not disappoint you. 无论你喜欢何种风景，这座公园都不会让你失望。 __________________________we can protect the park and keep it natural and beautiful. 希望我们能保护这座公园，永葆其自然秀美。 四、两篇不同层次范文（必背） 范文一： A Beautiful National Park Located in the north of the country, this national park is one of the most popular scenic spots in our area. It covers a large area and keeps its original natural state all the time. The park is home to thick forests and clear streams. Different kinds of wild animals live freely here, making the park full of life. Visitors can walk along the quiet paths, enjoy fresh air and watch beautiful scenery. The local people also keep their traditional lifestyle, adding special cultural colour to the park. The park greatly appeals to tourists at home and abroad. It is hoped that we can protect this precious land and let it remain natural and beautiful forever. 范文二： A Fascinating National Park Situated in a remote northern area, this breathtaking national park is well-known for its original natural scenery and unique local culture. Vast forests spread across the whole valley, providing shelter for varieties of wildlife. Clean rivers flow through the mountains, bringing endless vitality to the land. Walking inside the park, visitors can escape from noisy city life and relax themselves completely. What’s more, local people stick to their traditional way of life, living in simple houses and preserving their ancient customs. Whichever kind of scenery you prefer, the park will leave you an unforgettable impression. It is believed that preserving natural parks is of great importance. We should make efforts to protect such precious natural treasures, allowing them to exist beautifully for generations. 易错点01 used to do /be used to do /be used to (doing) sth. 【错因辨析】 1. used to do sth 含义：过去常常做某事（现在已经不这样了） 重点：to 是不定式符号，后面加动词原形 时态：只能描述过去，对比现在 否定：usedn’t to do /didn’t use to do 疑问：Used you to…? / Did you use to…? 例句： I used to get up late. 我以前常常晚起。（现在不晚起了） She used to live here. 她以前住在这里。（现在搬走了） used to be + 名词 / 形容词（过去曾经是……） He used to be a teacher. 他曾经是一名老师。 2. be used to do sth 含义：被用来做某事（被动语态）；主动形式：use sth to do sth（用某物做某事） to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形 be 动词随时态变化：am/is/are/was/were used to do 主动： We use wood to make paper. 我们用木材造纸。 被动： Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来造纸。 Another tool was used to open the box. 另一个工具被用来打开箱子。 3. be used to doing sth 含义：习惯于做某事 关键点：to 是介词！ 后面必须 doing（动名词）或名词 be 动词可换：get /become used to doing（渐渐习惯于） 时态可变：am/is/are/was/were used to doing 例句： I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。 She was used to living in the countryside. 她那时习惯住在乡下。 You will get used to working here soon. 你很快就会适应在这里工作。 【对点训练】 用 used to do /be used to do /be used to (doing) sth.填空 1. (2023·全国一卷)When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could____________________ clean up the messes people were making. 2. (2023·全国一卷)Little by little, these different kinds of life _________________________ one another and formed their own ecosystem. 3. (2022·全国一卷)Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources that _________ ________grow it. 4. (2022·全国一卷)I ________________________keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. 5. (2017·全国三卷)This__________________ be the center of town," he said. "Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses." 6. (2026·全国二卷)Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. 7. (2020·全国一卷)The technology, Strano said, could one day ____________________________ light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps. 8. (2025·全国二卷)Ms Donohue_____________________be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the doubters wrong in the best possible way. 9.(2024·全国一卷)That day, I got passed by about 100 “local" bikers who ____________________ such roads. 易错点02 in addition / in addition to 【错因辨析】 1. in addition “此外、另外” ，是副词短语（adv.），单独使用，放在句首 / 句中 / 句末，后面加逗号，再接完整句子。不能直接接名词！ 句式：In addition, + 完整句子（最常用，句首） …… . In addition, + 完整句子 …… , in addition.（句末） He is good at English. In addition, he speaks French. 他擅长英语。此外，他还会说法语。 2. in addition to “除…… 之外（还有）”，是介词短语（prep.）；to 是介词，不是不定式符号！后面只能跟：名词 / 代词 /doing 动名词，不能直接加句子！ 句式 In addition to + 名词 /doing , 主句 In addition to English, he speaks French. 除英语以外，他还会说法语。 In addition to learning English, he learns French. 除了学习英语，他还学习法语。 同义替换拓展（考试常考） in addition = besides（副词）、furthermore、moreover in addition to = besides（介词）、apart from 【对点训练】 1.(2017·全国一卷) Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, ________________________ seasonal specials. 2.(2024·全国二卷) _________________________, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. 3.(2019·全国三卷)Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. _________________________, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. 4.(2024·全国一卷)_________________________, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. 5.(2026·全国一卷)_________________________ being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. 易错点03 apart from / except for 【错因辨析】 1.except for ①除了…… 之外（要剔除；排除整体中不足之处），常常用于否定句。 特征： 1）句子主体是整体情况，except for 引出例外的局部、瑕疵； 2） 整体和例外事物不属于同一类别； The room is clean except for a few rubbish. 房间很干净，除了一点垃圾。 👉 整体：房间；例外：垃圾（不同类） Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes. 作文很好，只是有几处拼写错误。 👉 整体：作文；例外：拼写错误（不同类） The room was silent except for the TV. 除了电视的声音，那房间里寂静无声。 ②在否定结构：nobody / no one / nothing … except for … ，当代母语者普遍使用 except for，用来引出唯一例外！ 句式模板： Nobody … except for + sb. No one … except for + sb. 这是 except for 的拓展用法：否定语境下引出唯一例外对象 此时： except = except for 可以互换 含义完全一样！ Nobody speaks except for one man. 除了一个人没人说话。 Except for the Sami, no one is allowed to live in Sarek. 除了萨米人，没有人被允许住在沙瑞克。 2.apart from = in addition to / except for 它是两用短语，根据语境可以表达「包含在内」或「排除在外」 ① = in addition to 除…… 之外还有（包含在内） Apart from English, he studies French. 除英语外，他还学法语。（英语 + 法语都学，两者都包含） ② = except for 除…… 之外（剔除，排除整体中不足之处）；用于否定句，排除唯一例外=except Apart from that mistake, your answer is correct. = Except for that mistake, your answer is correct. 除了那个错误，你的答案是对的。(排除整体中不足之处) Apart from the Sarmi, very few people have ever seen Sarek. 除了萨尔米人，很少有人见过沙瑞克。（在否定句中，排除唯一例外） 【对点训练】 1. （2019·全国一卷）His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vote for …me …＂_____________________ some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. 2.________________________ studying traditional Chinese culture, many overseas teenagers take part in various handcraft activities to experience local customs. 3.The coastal town is quiet and attractive ________________________ several noisy construction sites near the harbour. 4.________________________ a small amount of water damage on the roof, the old wooden house has remained in good condition for over one hundred years. 5.________________________ its economic value, the wetland plays an important role in protecting endangered wild birds. 6.No visitor was allowed to enter the secret valley ________________________ the researchers who carried out environmental surveys there. 易错点04 现在分词做状语 / 过去分词做状语 【错因辨析】 1. 现在分词作状语（高考常考）表示分词与句子主语之间是主动关系，分词动作与句子谓语动作是同时发生。 分词结构：肯定式：v-ing ； 否定式：not v-ing 位置：位于主句首或者主句末，常有逗号隔开。常作时间状语，方式状语，条件状语，原因状语，让步状语，伴随状语或结果状语。 基本用法： 1. 时间状语（相当于 when/after 引导的时间状语从句） Walking along the river, she sang soft songs. = When she walked along the river, she sang soft songs. 沿着河边散步时，她轻声歌唱。 2. 原因状语（相当于 because/since/as 从句） Knowing little English, he found it hard to communicate with foreigners. = Because he knew little English, he found it hard to communicate with foreigners. 由于懂的英语不多，他发现很难和外国人交流。 Not wanting to disturb others, she closed the door gently. = As she didn’t want to disturb others, she closed the door gently. 因为不想打扰别人，她轻轻关上了门。 3. 伴随状语（高考最常考，主句动作和分词动作同时进行） He sat on the bench, reading a collection of poems. 他坐在长椅上，读着一本诗集。 The little boy ran out of the house, shouting loudly. 小男孩冲出屋子，大声叫喊着。 4. 自然而然的结果状语（重点区别：只能用 doing，不能用 done） Heavy rain lasted for days, causing the river to rise rapidly. 大雨持续数日，导致河水迅速上涨。 She fell off the bike, hurting her left knee. 她从自行车上摔下来，伤到了左膝盖。 5.条件状语（相当于 if 引导条件状语从句） Working hard, you will achieve your dream sooner or later. = If you work hard, you will achieve your dream sooner or later. 努力奋斗，你迟早会实现梦想 Turning left, you will see the ancient gate. = If you turn left, you will see the ancient gate. 向左转，你就能看见那座古老大门。 6. 让步状语（相当于 though/although 从句，较少见） Admitting his shortcomings, he still insists on carrying out the plan. = Although he admits his shortcomings, he still insists on carrying out the plan. 尽管承认自身不足，他依旧坚持执行这项计划。 2. 过去分词做状语表示分词与句子主语之间是被动关系。（高考不常考） 位置：位于主句前，句中或主句后。 基本结构：肯定式：v-ed; 否定式：not v-ed 基本用法： 1. 作时间状语（相当于 when /once 从句） Seen from the top tower, the whole town looks fantastic. = When it is seen from the top tower, the whole town looks fantastic. 从塔顶望去，整座小镇美不胜收。 Once published, the novel became popular immediately. = Once it was published, the novel became popular immediately. 一经出版，这本小说迅速走红。 2. 做原因状语（相当于 because /since 从句） Encouraged by his teacher, Chris continued practicing his speech. = Because Chris was encouraged by his teacher, he continued practicing his speech. 受到老师的鼓励，克里斯坚持练习演讲。 Shocked by the bad news, she could hardly say a word. = As she was shocked by the bad news, she could hardly say a word. 被坏消息震惊，她几乎说不出话。 3. 作条件状语（相当于 if 从句） Given more chances, she will make greater progress. = If she is given more chances, she will make greater progress. 如果给予更多机会，她会取得更大进步。 Taken properly, the medicine will work well. = If the medicine is taken properly, the medicine will work well. 如若正确服用，药效良好。 4. 作让步状语从句（相当于 though /although，考题中等频率） Beaten many times, he never gave up his dream. = Though he was beaten many times, he never gave up his dream. 尽管屡次受挫，他从未放弃梦想。 Criticized by others, he still stuck to his opinion. 虽然遭到他人指责，他依旧坚持自己的观点。 5. 做伴随状语（常放句末） The young man stood there, surrounded by a group of fans. 年轻人站在那里，被一群粉丝团团围住。 He fell asleep, exhausted by the long journey. 他睡着了，漫长旅途让他疲惫不堪。 The girl walked slowly, buried in her own thoughts. 女孩缓步走着，沉浸在思绪之中。 【对点训练】 1. ________ (admire) by thousands of visitors, the ancient tower has become a famous landmark. 2. ________ (admire) the beauty of the tower, many tourists stop to take photos. 3. The little girl sat on the bench, ________ (hold) a bunch of wild flowers. 4. The athlete lay on the ground, ________ (exhaust) after the long race. 5. ________ (encourage) by her classmates, she made up her mind to join the speech competition. 6. ________ (encourage) her teammates, she always shares useful skills. 7. ________ (see) from the valley, the waterfall looks like a silver ribbon. 8. ________ (see) the waterfall, they shouted with excitement. 9. （2026·全国一卷）_____________(draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands that serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 10. （2024·全国二卷）_________________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____65____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 11. （2022·全国一卷） （cover）an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 12. （2021·全国二卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________ (think)it is food. 13. （2019·全国三卷）On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， （listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 一、默写重点单词 1._________________ n.（一块）布；织物；布料 2._________________ n. 边；边缘；边线；刀刃 vt. & vi.（使）徐徐移动；给…… 加边 3._________________ adj. 巨大的；极大的 4. _________________ n. 边界；界限；分界线 5._________________ n. 小屋；（尤指）村舍；小别墅 6_________________ vt. 祝福 7._________________ n. 禁止；阻止；禁令 8._________________ n. 新闻记者；新闻工作者 9._________________ n. 自行车；摩托车；循环 vi. 骑自行车 10.________________ vt. & vi.（使）摆动；摇摆；转弯；（使）突然转向 11._________________ adj. 极佳的；卓越的 12._________________ n. 食欲；胃口；强烈欲望 13._________________ n. 娱乐；招待；娱乐活动；文娱节目 14._________________ n.（书、报纸印刷页上的）栏；专栏；柱（形物） 15._________________adj. 酸的；有酸味的 16._________________ adj. 看得见的；可见的 17._________________ adj. 极好的；极大的；难以置信的 18._________________ adj. 有特定主题的 n. 主题；主题思想 19._________________ adj. 可爱的；讨人喜爱的 20._________________ adj. 稀少的；珍贵的；（肉）半熟的 二、词汇运用 1. The local government put a ____________ (禁令) on fishing in this river, and anyone ____________ (禁止) from fishing . 2. Minors must __________________ (陪同) by guardians when entering this scenic zone. 3. The childless couple are thinking of __________________ (收养) an orphan from the disaster area. 4. They __________________ (出发) at sunrise yesterday to avoid the midday heat. 5. Strict rules __________________ (禁止) students bringing mobile phones into the exam hall. 6. After sitting for hours, she stood up and __________________ (伸展) her tired body. 7. Working as a volunteer is highly __________________ (有益的；有意义的). 8. Freedom and equality are the major __________________ (主题) of his speeches. 9. It is __________________ (难以置信的) that he mastered three foreign languages in one year. 10. Unique folk art __________________ (吸引) visitors from all over the world. 11. Without a clear destination, he __________________ (漫步) aimlessly around the old town last weekend. 12. An __________________ (巨大的) number of volunteers joined the environmental protection activity. 13. Many teenagers blindly follow the latest __________________ (时尚). 14. It is __________________ (由……决定) you to choose your future career path. 15. We enjoyed a __________________ (壮丽的) sunset above the ocean. 16. A collection of traditional handicrafts will be on __________________ (展出) in the museum. 三、重点句型 1.The girl _________________________ on the stage has received professional musical training since childhood. 正在舞台上弹奏古典乐曲的女孩从小接受专业音乐训练。 2. She sat by the window in the café, _______________________ and________________ her thoughts casually. 她坐在咖啡馆靠窗的位置，翻看小说并随手记录下自己的感悟。 3. The city vigorously developed public transport, _________________________ during rush hours. 这座城市大力发展公共交通，极大缓解了早晚高峰的交通拥堵。 4. __________________________teenagers can balance academic tasks and personal hobbies in their daily life. 人们希望青少年能够在日常生活中平衡学业任务与个人爱好。 5. _________________________________________ during your further study, you should keep calm and stick to your original goal. 无论你在深造途中遇到什么样的挑战，都应当保持冷静，坚守最初的目标。 6. The newly built shopping mall is nearly __________________________________ the old commercial centre downtown. 这座新建商场的面积几乎是市中心旧商业中心的三倍。 四、课文语法填空 I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is 1._________(bright) shining, telling whether it is morning 2.__________ night is impossible. I’m above the Arctic Circle, where in summer the sun never sets. 3.____________(check) my watch, I see it is 7:30 a.m. Spreading out before me, branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below. I’m in Sarek National Park, a remote place with no roads or towns. Sarek’s mountains used to 4.___________(cover) by vast sheets of ice. Around 9,000 years ago, this ice melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers. Soon after, reindeer arrived. Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. In 1909, Sarek became 5._______national park in order to keep the land 6.__________(nature). Though the Sami can continue their traditional life here, all new development is banned within park boundaries. Close by the valley, reindeer are feeding 7.________ grass. For centuries, looking after reindeer supported the Sami. They used reindeer meat, bones and skin for daily use. Today most Sami live modern 8._________(life) in nearby villages. But every spring, some still follow reindeer into Sarek’s valleys, living in tents and enjoying traditions. I am not a Sami, yet I’ve adopted some habits. My breakfast is flat bread warmed over fire and berries 9.____________ I picked near my tent. After breakfast, I pack my bag and set out again. My bag weighs 30 kilograms. Hiking to the distant destination will mean hard work. However, I cannot complain. Being in such a wild place makes me feel 10.__________(bless). Here I am, under a broad sky, breathing fresh air and enjoying this adventure. What could be better ? 五、阅读理解 A Northern Scandinavia is home to the Sámi, Europe’s only officially recognized indigenous people. For thousands of years, they have followed reindeer across vast wilderness above the Arctic Circle, just as their ancestors once did within Sarek National Park in northern Sweden. Sarek, famous for its untouched valleys and glaciers, serves as a living example of how wilderness and ancient culture can exist side by side. The traditional seasonal migration of reindeer depends on continuous, undisturbed grazing land. However, newly planned wind farms and mining projects are cutting straight across ancient migration routes. Many Sami herders warn that these developments will break the long-standing balance between nature and their culture. Without wide enough grassland, reindeer herds will shrink, and the Sami way of life will face serious risks. Sarek was officially set up as a national park in 1909 to preserve wild land. Within its boundaries, all new construction is banned, allowing the old lifestyle to survive. Yet lands outside the park face growing pressure. Some herders now use modern tools such as GPS to track reindeer, mixing ancient traditions with modern technology. Climate change makes the situation even harder. Warmer winters change snow conditions, making it difficult for reindeer to dig out food under thick ice. Many young Sami face a hard choice: stay to continue herding or move to cities to seek stable jobs. Supporters of green energy say wind power is necessary to fight global warming. But Sami communities argue that environmental protection cannot ignore indigenous rights. Protecting the planet should not come at the cost of destroying centuries-old native cultures. The conflict raises a key question for all national parks around the world: how can humans balance clean energy development, wilderness protection and the survival of ancient cultures? 1. What forms the base of the Sami’s traditional lifestyle? A. Mining minerals in mountains B. Herding reindeer across wilderness C. Building wind power stations D. Guiding tourists through national parks 2.Why was new development forbidden inside Sarek National Park? A. To keep the land in its natural state B. To limit the number of reindeer C. To stop young Sami from moving out D. To attract more overseas visitors 3.What trouble do reindeer meet because of climate change? A. Migration routes are flooded B. They can hardly find food beneath snow C. They fail to stand extremely hot summers D. GPS cannot work properly in warm weather 4.What message does the text try to convey? A. Green energy projects cause no harm to wildlife. B. Most young Sami refuse to work in modern cities. C. Conflicts appear between green energy and Sami culture. D. Sarek National Park covers all traditional Sami territory. B Wild Beauty of Sarek National Park Sarek National Park, located far north in Sweden inside the Arctic Circle, is widely known as Europe’s hidden wilderness. Unlike many popular tourist parks, there are no paved roads, comfortable hotels or clearly marked hiking paths within the park. All visitors must carry all food and supplies on their own and get fully prepared for challenging mountain hikes. Nine thousand years ago, huge ice sheets covered this whole region. After the ice slowly melted, countless glaciers, deep valleys and winding rivers formed the amazing landscape we see today. Reindeer arrived first to settle on the land, followed by the Sami, who have lived off this wilderness ever since. Rules inside the park are strict. All permanent new buildings are not allowed. However, the Sami still keep the legal right to herd reindeer, set up tents and follow their traditional lifestyle. Every spring, some Sami families leave modern villages and travel deep into remote valleys, following reindeer herds. They live in simple tents or old wooden cottages and pass down their customs to younger generations. For hikers, Sarek offers unbelievable natural views. Under the Arctic midnight sun, the sun never sinks below the horizon during summer months. But the journey is never easy. Heavy backpacks, sudden storms and rough rocky land test every traveller’s courage and strength. Still, many hikers say the peace and quiet of the wild makes all hardship worthwhile. When hiking here, visitors should respect local rules. They cannot leave rubbish or disturb wild animals. Most importantly, tourists need to understand that Sarek is not merely a sightseeing spot. It is both a natural treasure and an important cultural home for the Sami people. 5.What makes Sarek different from most tourist parks? A. It provides many modern hotels. B. It has no roads or marked hiking paths. C. It offers guided tours all year round. D. Plenty of restaurants serve local food. 6.Which group reached the land first after ice disappeared? A. Tourist hikers B. The Sami people C. Reindeer D. Ancient farmers 7.What right do the Sami still enjoy inside Sarek? A. Building new permanent cottages B. Herding reindeer and camping C. Opening shops for visitors D. Developing tourist projects 8.What is the writer’s attitude toward hiking in Sarek? A. Tough but rewarding B. Boring and dangerous C. Relaxing and effortless D. Tiring and meaningless C China’s National Parks: Balancing Nature and Culture China’s national park system aims to protect valuable wildlife and natural landscapes while fully respecting local people’s traditional lives. Just like Sarek National Park in Sweden, these parks try to strike a balance between environmental protection and cultural inheritance. Many national parks cover areas where ethnic minority groups have lived for hundreds of years. Strict rules prevent overdevelopment, but local residents are allowed to continue their traditional ways of making a living. Professional park rangers work day and night to repair damaged environment and watch over endangered animals. More and more young people are taking part in park protection work. Some serve as volunteer guides, introducing wild plants and local culture to visitors. Others carry out environmental research to learn more about ecosystem changes. National parks are far more than places for sightseeing. They act as natural shelters, where wildlife and humans can live in perfect harmony. As more visitors come to enjoy wild scenery, stricter rules are carried out to reduce human influence. Tourists cannot camp freely or leave rubbish everywhere. They are also asked to keep away from wild animals. The long-term goal is to keep these wild areas healthy for future generations. Building national parks also brings new chances for local villages. Proper eco-tourism creates jobs without destroying nature. In this way, protection can bring benefits to local people, encouraging them to take part in environmental protection actively. 9.What do China’s national parks aim to balance? A. Tourism income and building costs B. Environmental protection and local traditional life C. Animal hunting and sightseeing activities D. City development and public transportation 10.What are local residents permitted to do in national parks? A. Build large factories B. Carry on their traditional livelihood C. Construct hotels for tourists D. Hunt wild animals freely 11.What is the main task of park rangers? A. Provide food service for visitors B. Study local minority culture C. Protect and restore natural environment D. Sell entrance tickets to tourists 12.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Rules visitors should follow inside national parks. B. Similarities between Chinese and Swedish parks. C. Goals, management and value of China’s national parks. D. Ways to increase tourism income in wild areas. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $