U nits1-3 Garmmar形容词副词的级：原级、比较级、最高级及数量比较2026-2027学年译林版八年级英语上册

该初中英语讲义通过表格梳理与结构整合构建形容词副词级的知识体系，涵盖原级、比较级、最高级的规则/不规则变化及数量比较，用对比表格呈现变化规则，以用法框架图归纳各级核心结构，清晰标注比较级表最高级、“倍数+比较级”等重难点的内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，从基础变形到进阶改写，如“Tom is the tallest student in our class”转换为比较级表最高级句式，培养语言转换能力与思维品质。答案解析详细，助力学生自主查漏，教师可据此实施分层教学，提升复习效率与精准度。

课 题 8A U 1-3 Grammar形容词副词的级：原级、比较级、最高级及数量比较 教学目标 1. 掌握形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级的规则及不规则变化形式。 2. 能正确运用原级、比较级、最高级的基本用法。 3. 学会比较级表最高级的转换及数量比较的表达。 重难点透视 1. 比较级表最高级的灵活运用。 2. 数量比较中 “倍数 + 比较级”“基数词 + 比较级” 的结构。 知识点剖析 序号 知识点 预估时间 掌握情况 1 形容词与副词的基础及转换 min 2 形容词与副词的原级、比较级、最高级用法 min 3 形容词与副词的数量比较表达 min 教 学 内 容 ( 8 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A. 形容词 adj.（...的） 1. 定义：具备修饰、限定作用；用来修饰名词、代词，描述人/事物的性质、特征、状态 2. 句法功能： (1) 作前置定语：｜例：a tall boy 【补充】多个形容词修饰名词顺序： 限定词→观点描述性形容词→大小 / 长短 / 高低形容词→形状形容词→年龄 / 新旧形容词→颜色形容词→国籍 / 地区 / 出处形容词→材料形容词→用途 / 类别形容词→被修饰名词 【注意】：限定词：冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；观点描述性形容词：好坏、美丑、有趣等主观评价类词汇 例：my lovely tall square old black French metal box 我那个好看的高款方形复古黑色法式金属收纳盒 (2) 作后置定语：｜例：something important (3) 作表语：｜例：The tree is tall. (4) 作宾语补足语：｜例：Keep the room clean. 【特殊用法】：the+形容词，表示某类人，作主语，谓语动词用复数｜例：The old are happy. B. 副词 adv.（...地） 　1. 定义：具备修饰、补充说明动作/状态特征的作用；修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、整个句子；表时间、地点、方式、程度、频率 　2. 句法功能 (1) 作状语： 1　 副词修饰动词｜例：He runs fast. 2　 副词修饰形容词｜例：very beautiful 3　 副词修饰其他副词｜例：quite quickly 4　 副词修饰整个句子｜例：Luckily, I got the chance. (2) 作表语：地点副词、时间副词｜例：He is out.；Tom is up. (3) 作定语：多为地点、时间副词｜地点副词→例：the people here；时间副词→例：the news today C. 形容词与副词转换（adj→adv） 　1. 规则变化： (1) 一般情况，直接加 ly｜例：quick→quickly、careful→carefully (2) 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加ly｜例：happy→happily、angry→angrily (3) 以-le结尾，把le变ly｜例：simple→simply、gentle→gently、terrible→terribly、possible→possibly (4) 特殊规则：词尾不发音e，去e加ly｜例：true(真实的)→truly(真实地)、due(适当的)→duly(适当地) (5) 以ic结尾，加ally｜例：basic(基本的)→basically(基本上)、scientific(科学的)→scientifically(科学地) 　2. 不规则变化： (1) 特殊变形｜例：good(好的)→well(好地) (2) 形副同形：部分形容词和副词形式一致｜例：hard、early、high、late、fast、straight 　3. 注意事项： (1) 有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词，不是副词 例：friendly 、lovely、lonely 、lively 活泼的、silly 傻的、likely 可能的、weekly 、monthly 每月的 (2) 易混形近词辨析： · hard（adj.坚硬的、困难的；adv.努力地）；hardly（adv.几乎不，表否定） · late（adj.晚的、迟到的；adv.晚地）；lately（adv.最近） · near（adj.近的；adv.靠近）；nearly（adv.几乎，差不多） · close（adj.近的；adv.靠近地）（侧重空间上距离近） 例：We should get close to nature.（be/get close to +名词） 　　 　 closely（adv.密切地、仔细地）（侧重抽象程度深），修饰动词； 例：watch the birds closely、listen closely、work closely D. 形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级 一、定义 1. 原级：adj./adv. 本身的形式 2. 比较级 (-er)：用于两者之间对比，表示 “更……；较……” 3. 最高级 (-est)：用于三者及以上对比，表示 “最……” 二、adj./adv. 原级变比较级、最高级变化规则 表 1 规则变化（adj.、adv. 通用） 变化规则 例词 1. 单音节和部分双音节词：直接加 - er、-est tall — taller — tallest quick — quicker — quickest 2. 词尾有不发音字母e：加 - r、-st nice — nicer — nicest late — later — latest 3. 重读闭音节，辅 + 元 + 辅结尾： 双写末尾辅音字母，再加 - er、-est big — bigger — biggest hot — hotter — hottest 4. 辅音字母 + y 结尾：变y为i，再加 -er、-est happy — happier — happiest easy — easier — easiest 5. 多音节词和多数双音节词： 前面加 more (比较级)、most (最高级) beautiful — more beautiful — most beautiful carefully — more carefully — most carefully 【备注】： · more 放在形容词前无单独词义，搭配形容词整体译为“更……”，仅作构词助词； more 作 many/much 比较级时有实义，意为“更多的”，后接名词； 区分：more + 形 / 副 = 构词标志；more + 名词 = 更多的 【两种特殊情况】 · 少数双音节词两种变法均可，既能直接加 - er/-est，也可加 more/most 例：clever、common、friendly → clever — cleverer/more clever — cleverest/most clever · 以 - ly 结尾的副词（early 除外），必须用 more/most+副词原级，构成比较级、最高级 例：slowly — more slowly — most slowly 表2 形容词不规则变化 原级 (adj.) 比较级 最高级 补充说明 good/well better best good好的; well(健康的） bad / ill worse worst bad 坏的；ill 生病的 many/much more most many修饰可数名词复数; much修饰不可数名词。 little less least 修饰不可数名词 far farther / further farthest / furthest farther 表距离；further 表抽象程度 old older / elder oldest / eldest older 通用年龄；elder 家人长幼，仅作定语 表3 副词不规则变化 原级 (adv.) 比较级 最高级 补充说明 well better best 好地 badly worse worst 糟糕地，差地 much more most 修饰动词，表程度 little less least 修饰动词 far farther / further farthest / furthest farther 距离更远；further 进一步 E. 形容词、副词三级完整用法（含数量比较） 一、原级用法 (前后对比对象要一致) 1. as + 原级 + as "和…一样"（前后两个 as 均为连词）→例：He runs as fast as me. 2. not as/so + 原级 + as "不如…"→例：This desk is not so/as heavy as that one. 3. 原级的修饰词：very、so、too、quite、rather 4. 原级倍数表达：倍数 + as + 原级 + as "…是…几倍"→例：This room is twice as big as that one. 二、比较级用法 1. 两者对比：A + 谓语 + 形 / 副比较级 + than + B "A 比 B 更……" 基础结构 →例句：Tom is taller than Jack. 2. 比较级 + and + 比较级 "越来越……" →单音节：taller and taller；多音节：more and more beautiful 3. The + 比较级，the + 比较级 "越……，就越……" →例句：The harder you study, the better grades you get. 4. 表“二者中更...的”：系动词 + the + 比较级 + of the two /of the twins （两者范围，比较级前必须加 the） →例句：Lucy is the thinner of the twins. 5. 两者选择疑问：Which/Who + be + 比较级，A or B? "A 和 B 哪一个更……？" →例句：Which is cheaper, this pen or that one? 6. 否定词 + 比较级 "再…… 不过；最……"，可搭配现在完成时 →例句 1：I can't agree more. →例句 2：I have never seen a better movie before.（我在此之前从没有看过比它更好的电影了） 7. 比较级修饰词：much…得多、even甚至更、far…得多、a lot…得多、a little稍微一点、a bit稍微一点、still依旧 / 更加、a great deal…得多 →例句：much taller、even better 8. 比较级表最高级 (1) 同范围比较：any other + 可数名词单数 /the other + 可数名词复数 →例句 1：Tom is taller than any other student in his class. →例句 2：Tom is taller than the other students in his class. (2) 不同范围比较（any + 可数名词单数） →例句：Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan. 【比较级专属：两者数量比较（描述人 / 事物数量多少）】 更多：more（可数、不可数名词通用） 例句：Now he has more books than me. 更少：fewer + 可数名词复数；less + 不可数名词 例句：Tom is in fewer clubs than Jack. 三、最高级用法 1. 主语 + be + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + in/of/among… "在…… 范围内最……" 例句：Tom is the tallest boy in our class. 2. one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 + in/of/among… "…… 之中最…… 之一" 例句：This is one of the most interesting books in the shop. 3. 三者及以上选择疑问：Which is + the + 最高级，A，B or C? "A、B、C 当中哪一个最……？" 例句：Which is the biggest, apples, bananas or oranges? 4. the + 序数词 + 最高级 "第几最……" 例句：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 5. 最高级前省略 the 的两种情况： (1) 前面有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格时，不加 the →例句：This is my best friend. / Lily's cleverest student (2) 副词最高级前面通常可以省略 the →例句：He runs fastest in his class. F. 【最高级专属：三者及以上数量极值】 最多：the most（可数、不可数名词通用）→例：Simon drinks the most milk. 最少：the fewest + 可数名词；the least + 不可数名词→例：She can see the fewest stars in our class. 【基础巩固】 （1） 形容词 / 副词比较级 & 最高级变形 1. clever ----____________ ----____________ 2. slim ----____________ ----____________ 3. simple ----____________ ----____________ 4. friendly ----____________ ----____________ 5. slow ----____________ ----____________ 6. slowly ----____________ ----____________ 7. thin ----____________ ----____________ 8. beautiful ----____________ ----____________ 9. happy ----____________ ----____________ 10. difficult ----____________ ----____________ 11. few ----____________ ----____________ 12. little ----____________ ----____________ 13. much / many ----____________ ----____________ 14. good / well ----____________ ----____________ 15. bad / ill / badly ----____________ ----____________ 16. far ----____________ ----____________（表距离）； far ----____________ ----__________（ 表抽象程度） 17. old ----________ ----________（表年龄）； old---________ ----_______（ 家人长幼，仅作定语） 18. carefully ----____________ ----____________ 二、单句填空（基础题型） 要求：用括号内词的正确形式填空 1. This pencil is ______ (thin) than that one. Of all pencils, this one is the ______ (thin). 2. Daniel writes ______ (carefully) than me, and he writes the ______ (carefully) in our class. 3. Her drawing is ______ (happy) made than mine, and it’s the ______ (happy) piece in the show. 4. I have ______ (few) toys than you, and Tom has the ______ (few) toys in our group. 5. He has ______ (little) free time than me, and his mum has the ______ (little) spare time at home. 6. We walked ______ (far) to the lake. Next year I’ll go abroad for ______ (far) study. 7. My ______ (old) cousin is three years ______ (old) than me. 8. The red song sounds ______ (good) than the blue one, but the white song sounds the ______ (bad). 三、基础单项选择（10 题） 1. —How do you feel about the new skirt? —It’s very ______. A. pretty B. prettier C. prettiest D. more pretty 2. Among all singers in the show, Lisa sings ______. A. well B. better C. best D. good 3. There is ______ milk in this glass than that one. A. little B. less C. least D. few 4. My deskmate has ______ storybooks than me. A. few B. fewer C. fewest D. little 5. This cartoon is ______ exciting than the old movie. A. many B. more C. most D. much 6. You look ______ cooler in the white coat. A. very B. quite C. much D. too 7. The cat runs ______ than the turtle. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. more fast 8. This classroom is ______ tidy after cleaning. A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest 9. —Which subject do you like? —I think math is as ______ as English. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 10. Of the three balls, the blue one is ______. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 四、进阶综合填空,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Among all the volunteers, Anna finishes every task ______ (quick), so the leader always praises her. 2. If you want ______ (far) knowledge about history, you’d better read more books instead of only watching short videos. 3. Compared with noisy cities, small towns offer us ______ (little) stress in daily life. 4. The two brothers both draw well, but the ______ (old) one pays more attention to details. 5. There are two ways to solve this problem; the second one works ______ (good) for beginners. 6. Jack behaves ______ (bad) in group activities these days, no one wants to cooperate with him now. 7. This coat looks slim on you, but that black one feels even ______ (slim). 8. We have three reading corners in the classroom, and the one by the window holds ______ (few) magazines. 9. Lucy speaks English ______ (slow) in order to make her foreign classmates understand clearly. 10. All the cakes taste nice, yet the chocolate one brings us the ______ (happy) feeling. 5、 特殊用法单项选择。 1. —How do you like this new novel? —Wonderful. I have never read a ______ one. A. good B. better C. best D. well 2. Shanghai is ______ largest city in China, and it’s also ______ first choice for many job seekers. A. the; the B. a; the C. the; / D. /; a 3. Of all my friends, Tom runs ______ fast, but he doesn’t like running ______ in daily life. A. most; most B. the most; most C. more; more D. the more; more 4. This story is much ______ than the one we read yesterday. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 5. No other student in our class works ______ carefully than Lisa. A. so B. very C. more D. most 6. My ______ sister is three years ______ than me. A. older; elder B. elder; older C. elder; elder D. older; older 7. If you need ______ information about the trip, you can ask our guide for help. A. farther B. further C. far D. farthest 8. This is ______ beautiful painting I have ever seen. A. two B. second C. the second D. two the 六、按要求改写句子（综合难点转换：比较级表最高级、否定词 + 比较级、数量比较） 1. Tom is the tallest student in our class.（改为同义句） Tom is taller than ______ ______ student in our class. 2. This park is the most beautiful one in the city.（改写同义句） ______ ______ park in the city is ______ beautiful ______ this one. 3. This is the best gift I have ever got.（用 never 改写同义句） I have ______ got a ______ gift before. 4. This movie is the most interesting one I’ve watched.（改写句子） I have ______ watched an ______ interesting movie. 5. 我的妹妹比我小两岁。（完成句子） My sister is two years ______ ______ me. 6. 这条河比那条河长三倍。（完成句子） This river is three times ______ ______ that one. 7. 我们班男生的数量比女生少 5 个，而且三班的男生数量是全年级最少的。（完成句子） The number of boys in our class is five ______ ______ girls, and Class Three has ______ ______ boys in Grade. 答案 基础题：形容词 / 副词比较级 & 最高级变形 · · clever—cleverer/more clever—cleverest/most clever · slim—slimmer—slimmest · simple—simpler—simplest · friendly—friendlier/more friendly—friendliest/most friendly · slow—slower—slowest · slowly—more slowly—most slowly · thin—thinner—thinnest · beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful · happy—happier—happiest · difficult—more difficult—most difficult · few—fewer—fewest · little—less—least · much/many—more—most · good/well—better—best · bad/ill/badly—worse—worst · far—farther/further—farthest/furthest · old—older/elder—oldest/eldest · carefully—more carefully—most carefully 二、单句填空 1.thinner; thinnest 2. more carefully; most carefully 3. happier; happiest 4. fewer; fewest 5. less; least 6.farther; further 7. elder; older 8. better; worst 三、基础单项选择 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.D 四、进阶综合填空 1.most quickly 2. further 3. less 4. elder 5. better 6.worse 7. slimmer 8. the fewest 9. more slowly 10. happiest 五、拔高特殊用法单项选择 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.C 六、按要求改写句子 1.any other 2. No other; as; as 3. never; better 4. never; more 5. younger than 6.longer than 7. fewer than; the fewest $