Unit 5 Revealing Nature 课文中英对照 清单-2026-2027学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语单元围绕“揭示自然”主题，整合记叙文、说明文及应用文语篇，构建“科学发现—自然现象—实践写作”的学习支架。包含达尔文进化论探索、地球生物多样性介绍、植物交流机制解析及水仙花观察日志写作，覆盖自然科学词汇、过去时态与非谓语动词等高中英语知识。 知识链路以科学探究为主线，通过真实语篇培养学生分析推断的思维品质，结合跨学科内容提升语言理解与表达能力。观察日志写作环节强化学习能力，形成“输入—内化—输出”闭环，助力学生掌握科学语篇特征与实践写作技巧。

Unit 5 Revealing Nature / 揭示自然 本单元共收录 4 篇（组）英文语篇。 1. A Journey of Discovery / 发现之旅 The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time. The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist? At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. But Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments? It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence. When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most. Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands. It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island. Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species. And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors. It was a completely new idea – a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. They were shocked. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory. Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the journey on the Beagle. “贝格尔号”的船长想寻找一个人，让他能够“利用这次访问遥远而鲜为人知国度的机会获得收益”。响应召唤的人并不是船长的首选。他是一名没有完成学业便离开医学院的年轻人；而且不久前，他还收到父亲的一封信，父亲预言他将“使自己和全家蒙羞”。尽管如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历，却将引领人类走向有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。 这个年轻人就是查尔斯·达尔文。他是一名地质学家和博物学家，对岩石、植物和动物深深着迷。1831年，他乘“贝格尔号”离开英国。这次航行使他有机会在自然环境中研究各种生物。达尔文在南美洲考察一段时间后，船上的房间被他采集的动植物标本挤得满满当当。研究这些标本时，他不断思考一个问题：不同物种究竟是怎样产生的？ 当时，人们相信所有物种同时出现在地球上，此后从未发生变化。但达尔文开始形成不同的看法。他注意到，有些动物物种彼此非常相似。动物会不会是在适应不断变化的环境时逐渐进化的？这当时只是一个想法，却足以促使达尔文寻找更多证据。 1835年，“贝格尔号”抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛。达尔文在那里看到许多新物种，而最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。他注意到，各个岛屿上的雀鸟并不完全相同，鸟喙似乎会根据特定岛屿上能够获得的食物而发生进化。 达尔文推测，这些雀鸟由一个很久以前来到群岛的共同祖先进化而来。随着时间推移，这一祖先慢慢演变成许多新物种。植物和动物的新物种就是这样产生的：它们从更早的祖先进化而来。 这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在《物种起源》中阐释了这一理论。这本书直到1859年才出版，并立即引发轩然大波。许多人拒绝相信，包括人类在内的生物是从较低等的生命形式进化而来的，他们对此感到震惊。然而，达尔文的科学研究极具说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。 如今，《物种起源》被视为人类有史以来最重要的著作之一，它永远改变了我们对地球生命的认识。而这一切，都始于“贝格尔号”上的那次航行。 2. Biodiversity on Earth / 地球生物多样性 Earth is home to millions of different species. Some can be very small, like bacteria and viruses, which are so small that we cannot see them with only our eyes. By contrast, the largest animal species so far found on our planet is the blue whale, which can grow up to almost 30 metres in length and weigh over 130,000 kilos. The toughest species is probably the water bear. This tiny organism can survive temperatures from 150°C to a below-freezing −272°C. To best survive in their environment, each species has developed its own unique physical characteristics. Each year, scientists identify around 15,000 new species. However, diversity on our planet is such that there are still millions of species on Earth remaining to be discovered. 地球是数百万种不同生物的家园。有些生物极其微小，例如细菌和病毒，小到仅凭肉眼无法看见。与之形成鲜明对比的是，目前地球上发现的最大动物是蓝鲸，体长接近30米，体重超过13万千克。生命力最顽强的物种可能是水熊虫，这种微小生物能够在150摄氏度到零下272摄氏度的温度范围内生存。为了更好地适应环境，每个物种都发展出了独特的身体特征。 科学家每年会鉴定大约15,000个新物种。然而，地球上的生物多样性如此丰富，仍有数百万种生物等待人类发现。 3. The Secret Language of Plants / 植物的秘密语言 Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends. Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India. And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people. With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract insects – the wasps! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides. More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chilli plants do this. They also “listen” to the noises from other plants. A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving. Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi. This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. For example, some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”. Plants can steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Who knows? Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 会说话的植物长期以来只存在于神话和传说之中。许多文化都有这样的故事：树木能够开口说话，为人们提供建议和警告。据说，亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗都曾在印度见过这样的树。在《阿凡达》等现代故事里，树木也能与动物和人类交流。 长期以来，我们一直把会说话的植物视为幻想；然而，最新研究揭示了一个惊人的事实：植物似乎真的能够相互交流。 人们早已知道，植物会利用化学物质进行沟通。比如，当一株豆类植物受到昆虫侵袭时，它会从正在被啃食的叶片中释放微量化学物质。这仿佛是一种警告，或者一声求救：“我正在遭受攻击！”附近另一株豆类植物检测到受伤邻居释放的化学物质后，便开始释放自己不同的化学物质。其中一些能够驱赶昆虫，另一些则会吸引黄蜂；黄蜂会杀死正在啃食豆类植物的害虫。科学家希望进一步了解这种植物预警系统，从而让人类不使用农药也能种植作物。 更令人惊讶的是，植物还会用声音交流。人类听不到这些声音，但植物确实会发出它们。有些植物通过根部制造声响，玉米和辣椒就是如此。它们还会“倾听”其他植物的声音。一株辣椒能够判断邻近植物是友善还是具有威胁。当水分不足时，有些树会发出咔嗒声，表明干旱即将到来。 最令人惊讶的是，植物还拥有一个奇妙的交流系统，能够连接森林中几乎所有植物。科学家把它称为“林际网”。它在某些方面与我们使用的互联网相似：互联网由电缆和卫星把全球计算机连接起来，而林际网则由地下真菌相连。真菌网络把不同植物的根系彼此连接。通过林际网，植物能够共享信息，甚至分享食物。例如，有些松树会把养分输送给较小的松树，帮助它们成长。不过，和人类互联网一样，林际网也有自己的“网络犯罪”：植物会偷取彼此的食物，也会传播毒素攻击其他植物。也许有一天，科学家能够创造一种“防火墙”，阻止林际网中的这些攻击。 科学家每天都在进一步了解植物相互“交谈”的秘密方式。谁知道呢？也许有一天，我们会对植物交流了解得足够深入，甚至能够亲自与它们“对话”。 4. Writing an Observational Journal: Daffodils / 观察日志写作：水仙花 Week 1 The daffodil bulbs have been planted side by side in soil, with the pointed ends facing up. Water has been added and the container was put in a cool, dark place. The bulbs are being watered regularly. Week 3 A single stem has sprouted from each of the bulbs. On each stem are two leaves, which are long and narrow with a waxy texture. The container has been moved to a sunny, but cool place. Week 6 The stems have grown to around 20 centimetres tall and each has produced a single flower. The flowers are yellow and white, and shaped like trumpets. 第一周 水仙花球茎已经并排种入土中，尖端朝上。浇水后，容器被放在阴凉、黑暗的地方，并定期给球茎浇水。 第三周 每个球茎都长出了一根茎。每根茎上有两片叶子，叶片细长，表面带有蜡质。容器已经移到一个有阳光但仍然凉爽的地方。 第六周 茎已经长到约20厘米高，每根茎都开出一朵花。花朵呈黄白两色，形状像喇叭。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $