Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions单元词汇导学案-2026-2027学年高一英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语导学案围绕Unit 4“灾难”主题展开，聚焦disaster、tornado、flood等核心词汇及拓展词，通过词根词缀分析（如dis-坏+aster星构词）、同义词对比（typhoon与hurricane）建立知识联系，以例句填空、语境应用为学习支架，帮助学生从基础词汇过渡到主题词汇网络。 资料特色在于融合词根记忆法与语境实践，通过vacu-空→evacuate等词根解析提升学习能力，例句与填空练习强化语言能力，同义词辨析（damage、destroy、ruin）培养思维品质，助力学生自主构建词汇体系，为教师提供清晰的教学评估依据。

2026-2027高一必修一第4单元词汇导学案 Unit 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. disaster/dɪˈzɑ:stə(r)/ n.灾难;灾害;不幸→disastrous adj.灾难性的;造成灾难的 dis-坏+aster/ astro星→星位不正→disaster灾难→astronomy n.天文学 -astronaut n航天员;太空人 2. tornado /tɔ:ˈneɪdəʊ /n.(pl.-oes/ -os)龙卷风;旋风-typhoon n.台风;hurricane飓风 3. drought/ draʊt /n.旱灾；久旱- dry v.干燥; 变干;adj.干的; 口渴的; 干燥的 4. landslide / ˈlændslaɪd / n. ( landfall) (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 5. slide/ slaɪd /vi. & vt. (使)滑行;滑动;n 滑；滑梯/道--slip n.滑动; 失足; 滑跤v.滑动; 失足;滑倒She had a slide on the ice.=She slipped (slip) on the ice. 6. tsunami / tsu:ˈnɑ:mi / n. 海啸 7. flood/flʌd /n. 洪水;大量 vi.淹没;大量涌入 vt.使灌满水;淹没 Memories of his childhood came flooding back. 他童年的往事涌上心头. A great sense of relief flooded over him. 他深感宽慰. The place was flooded with light. 那地方十分光亮. 8. volcanic eruption / vɔlˈkænɪk  ɪˈrʌpʃn / 火山喷发→volcano n.火山; 9. erupt  /ɪˈrʌpt/ vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→ eruption n. erupt into laughter/shouting etc--to suddenly start laughing, shouting etc 10. magnitude /ˈmægnɪtju:d / n. (地)震级；重大 11. rescue/ˈreskju:/n.& vt.营救;救援-come/go to the/sb's rescue 援救或帮助某人 The government has refused to rescue the company from bankruptcy. ★A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation. 12. damage/ˈdæmɪdʒ / vt.损害；破坏  n.损坏;损失- damaging adj ~ (to sth)有害的 Smoking can be damaging to your health. 吸烟对身体有害. [syn.]destroy v. harm n/v.伤害,害处;ruin n./v.废墟;毁灭; spoil v.损/宠坏,搞糟 13. destroy/dɪ'strɔɪ/vt. 摧毁 ;毁灭； The accident seemed to have completely/totally destroyed his confidence. 14. ruin/'ru:ɪn/n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏→in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 15. evacuate /ɪˈvækjueɪt / vt.疏散;撤出 vi.撤离→[syn]withdraw v. 撤回/消, 取回; 撤退 [词根]e-出+vacu-空+ate表动词→空出去=evacuate 疏散；撤离-evacuation n. vacuum n.真空/吸尘器v.用吸尘器打扫;vacate v.腾出;离;空出→vacation n假期 vacant adj.空的,空灵的,空白的→She had a vacant look/expression on her face. 16. helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/n. 直升机--[syn]plane; aircraft n.航空器; 飞机, 17. death/ deθ/n. 死;死亡→die v.--dead adj 死的;无生命的--deadly adj (-ier, -iest) 致命的；adv死一样地: deadly pale/cold死一样地苍白/冰冷 There have been more deaths (die) from drowning. 溺水死亡人数有所增加. 18. affect/ə'fekt/vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→affection [usu pl ] ~ (for/towards sb/sth)喜爱;爱 eg.The divorce affected every aspect of her life. I was deeply affected by the film (= It caused strong feelings in me). [词根]fect-做;完成;造成→effect结果;影响;infect传染;感染; perfect完美的; defect缺点;缺陷；confect调和;调制 19. effect /ɪˈfekt/ n.影响；结果；效果 20. shelter/'ʃeltə(r)/n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽vi. 躲避 (风/雨/危险) They opened a shelter to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless. We were caught in a thunderstorm, without anywhere to shelter. 21. crack /kræk/n.裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使)破裂 22. as if/ though似乎;好像;仿佛 23. percent/ pəˈsent / n. 百分之…adj.&adv.每一百种  24. brick/brɪk/ n. 砖；砖块 25. metal /'metl/ n.金属 26. shock /ʃɒk/ n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克  vt.(使)震惊→in shock 震惊；吃惊 [syn]stun v.使晕倒, 使惊吓n.晕眩, 惊倒--stunning; amazing; astonishing; surprising; shocking; 27. electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n.电;电能→electric adj.导电的,电动的electrical adj.与电有关的,电气科学的electronic adj.电子的 28. trap /træp/ vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 Trapped (trap) in a dilemma, he was at a loss. 29. bury /ˈberi/ vt. 埋葬;安葬→burial n.埋葬, 葬礼After the divorce, she buried herself in her work. 30. breathe / bri:ð/ vi.& vt.呼吸breath n.呼吸;气味;气息-take a deep breath →breathtaking adj.惊人的, 惊险的You can see people’s breath on a cold day. (fig.-迹象;暗示:) a breath of scandal一丝流言蜚语;the first breath of spring 早 春的气息. →breathless adj.气喘吁吁的, 呼吸困难的; 屏息的; 扣人心弦的 The instructor told us to breathe in deeply and then breathe out slowly. The view from the top of the mountain is breathtaking. 31. revive /rɪˈvaɪv/ vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒 →revival /rɪˈvaɪvl/ n.振兴;复苏 [词根]re-再+viv-活+e→revive复活 [联想]sur-超过;在上+vive活→survive--幸存-vivid 鲜活的;生动的 32. survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi.生存;存活 vt. 幸存;艰难度过survival n. 33. effort /'efət/ n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力They lifted the heavy rock without effort. 34. unify /ˈju:nɪfaɪ / vi.& vt. 统一;(使)成一体→ unified adj. unification n. 35. wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n.智慧;才智→wise adj.英明的,明智的 36. context  n.上下文;语境;背景Don't quote my words out of context.(断章取义) 37. suffer /ˈsʌfə/ vt.遭受/蒙受 vi. (因疾病/痛苦/悲伤等)受苦→ suffering n. 38. volcano /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)火山→+es变复数的单词： 39. supply /səˈplaɪ/ n.供应(量)；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应;供给 At the beginning of term, students are supplied with a list of books that they are expected to read.// They were arrested for supplying drugs to street dealers. 40. in the open air 露天；在户外 41. power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n.电力供应;力量;控制力powerful adj.有力的,强的,有权力的 42. tap /tæp/ vi.& vt. 轻叩/敲/拍  n.水龙头;轻叩/敲→tap into 利用 We need to tap into renewable energy. 我们需要利用可再生能源。 43. pipe /paɪp/ n.管子；管道 44. whistle /ˈwɪsl/ vi.吹口哨;发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声 45. emergency /iˈmɜ:dʒənsi/ n.突发事件;紧急情况→emergent adj.突现的;紧急的 →emerge v.浮现;出现;形成The moon emerged from behind the clouds. 46. calm /kɑ:m/ adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平/镇静Just calm down a bit! 你先静一静! 47. aid /eɪd/ n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助;援助 a hearing aid 助听器teaching aids教具visual aids视觉工具 48. kit /kɪt/ n.成套工具；成套设备→first aid kit 急救箱 49. on hand现有(尤指帮助);在手头;在场→hands-on adj [attrib] practical亲身实践的;实习的:We've always been a hands-on, do-it-yourself kind of nation. The emergency services were on hand with medical advice. 50. crash /kræʃ/ vt.& vi.碰撞;撞击n.撞车;碰撞→[cf]crush n.压碎,毁坏;拥挤的人群；迷恋；果汁饮料 v.压碎/坏; 碾碎 We could hear waves crashing against the shore. The vase landed on the floor with a crash. Several people were crushed to death by the falling rocks. I couldn't get through the crush. 我无法从人群中挤过去. 51. sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. ( swept, swept) 打扫;清扫→sweep away消灭；彻底消除 52. wave /weɪv/ n.海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手 I waved to/at him from the window but he didn't see me. 53. strike /straɪk/ vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭;突击;击打n. 罢工/课;袭击 be/go on strike罢工； The stone struck me on the side of the head. The clock has just struck (three). 钟刚敲过（三点）. It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation. He’s very much struck on his new girl-friend. 他非常喜欢这个新交的女朋友。 54. deliver /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ vt. & vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n.投递, 传送 deliver a speech/lecture/address etc//She delivered her third child at home. 55. summary /ˈsʌməri/ n.总结;概括;概要→in summary总的来说=to sum up. If you summarize something, you give a summary of it. 56. length /leŋθ/ n.长；长度 at length 最终终于→lengthen v使变长 $2026-2027高一必修一第4单元词汇导学案 Unit 4 1. /dɪˈzɑ:stə(r)/ n.灾难;灾害;不幸→disastrous adj.灾难性的;造成灾难的 dis-坏+aster/ astro星→星位不正→disaster灾难→ n.天文学 -astronaut n航天员;太空人 2. tornado /tɔ:ˈneɪdəʊ /n.(pl.-oes/ -os)龙卷风;旋风-typhoon n.台风;hurricane飓风 3. / draʊt /n.旱灾；久旱- dry v.干燥; 变干;adj.干的; 口渴的; 干燥的 4. landslide / ˈlændslaɪd / n. ( landfall) (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 5. slide/ slaɪd /vi. & vt. (使)滑行;滑动;n 滑；滑梯/道-- n.滑动; 失足; 滑跤v.滑动; 失足;滑倒She had a on the ice.=She slipped (slip) on the ice. 6. tsunami / tsu:ˈnɑ:mi / n. 海啸 7. flood/flʌd /n. 洪水;大量 vi.淹没;大量涌入 vt.使灌满水;淹没 Memories of his childhood back. 他童年的往事涌上心头. A great sense of relief flooded over him. 他深感宽慰. The place was flooded with light. 那地方十分光亮. 8. volcanic eruption / vɔlˈkænɪk  ɪˈrʌpʃn / 火山喷发→ n.火山; 9.  /ɪˈrʌpt/ vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→ n. erupt into laughter/shouting etc--to suddenly start laughing, shouting etc 10. magnitude /ˈmægnɪtju:d / n. (地)震级；重大 11. rescue/ˈreskju:/n.& vt.营救;救援-come/go to the/sb's rescue 援救或帮助某人 The government has refused to the company bankruptcy. ★A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation. 12. damage/ˈdæmɪdʒ / vt.损害；破坏  n.损坏;损失- adj ~ (to sth)有害的 Smoking can be damaging to your health. 吸烟对身体有害. [syn.]destroy v. h n/v.伤害,害处;ruin n./v.废墟;毁灭; spoil v.损/宠坏,搞糟 13. destroy/dɪ'strɔɪ/vt. 摧毁 ;毁灭； The accident seemed to have completely/totally his confidence. 14. ruin/'ru:ɪn/n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏→ 严重受损；破败不堪 15. /ɪˈvækjueɪt / vt.疏散;撤出 vi.撤离→[syn] withdraw v. 撤回/消, 取回; 撤退 [词根]e-出+vacu-空+ate表动词→空出去=evacuate 疏散；撤离- n. vacuum n.真空/吸尘器v.用吸尘器打扫;vacate v.腾出;离;空出→ n假期 V adj.空的,空灵的,空白的→She had a vacant look/expression on her face. 16. helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/n. 直升机--[syn] ; aircraft n.航空器; 飞机, 17. death/ deθ/n. 死;死亡→die v.--dead adj 死的;无生命的-- adj (-ier, -iest) 致命的；adv死一样地: deadly pale/cold死一样地苍白/冰冷 There have been more (die) from drowning. 溺水死亡人数有所增加. 18. affect/ə'fekt/vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→ [usu pl ] ~ (for/towards sb/sth)喜爱;爱 eg.The divorce affected every aspect of her life. I was deeply affected by the film (= It caused strong feelings in me). [词根]fect-做;完成;造成→ 结果;影响; 传染;感染; 完美的; 缺点;缺陷；confect调和;调制 19. effect /ɪˈfekt/ n.影响；结果；效果 20. shelter/'ʃeltə(r)/n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽vi. 躲避 (风/雨/危险) They opened a to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless. We were caught in a thunderstorm, without anywhere . 21. crack /kræk/n.裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使)破裂 22. as if/ though似乎;好像;仿佛 23. / pəˈsent / n. 百分之…adj.&adv.每一百种  24. /brɪk/ n. 砖；砖块 25. /'metl/ n.金属 26. shock /ʃɒk/ n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克  vt.(使)震惊→  震惊；吃惊 [syn]stun v.使晕倒, 使惊吓n.晕眩, 惊倒--stunning; amazing; astonishing; surprising; shocking; 27.  /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n.电;电能→electric adj.导电的,电动的electrical adj.与电有关的,电气科学的electronic adj.电子的 28. trap /træp/ vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 (trap) in a dilemma, he was at a loss. 29. bury /ˈberi/ vt. 埋葬;安葬→burial n.埋葬, 葬礼After the divorce, she herself in her work. 30.  / bri:ð/ vi.& vt.呼吸breath n.呼吸;气味;气息-take a deep breath →breathtaking adj.惊人的, 惊险的You can see people’s breath on a cold day. (fig.-迹象;暗示:) a breath of scandal一丝流言蜚语;the first breath of spring 早 春的气息. →breathless adj.气喘吁吁的, 呼吸困难的; 屏息的; 扣人心弦的 The instructor told us to breathe in deeply and then breathe out slowly. The view from the top of the mountain is . 31. /rɪˈvaɪv/ vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒 →revival /rɪˈvaɪvl/ n.振兴;复苏 [词根]re-再+viv-活+e→revive复活 [联想]sur-超过;在上+vive活→ --幸存-// vivid 鲜活的;生动的 32. survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi.生存;存活 vt. 幸存;艰难度过 n. 33.  /'efət/ n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力They lifted the heavy rock without effort. 34. /ˈju:nɪfaɪ / vi.& vt. 统一;(使)成一体→ unified adj. unification n. 35.  /ˈwɪzdəm/ n.智慧;才智→wise adj.英明的,明智的 36. context  n.上下文;语境;背景Don't quote my words .(断章取义) 37. suffer /ˈsʌfə/ vt.遭受/蒙受 vi. (因疾病/痛苦/悲伤等)受苦→ n. 38. volcano /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)火山→+es变复数的单词： 39. supply /səˈplaɪ/ n.供应(量)；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应;供给 At the beginning of term, students are supplied with a list of books that they are expected to read.// They were arrested for drugs street dealers. 40. in the open air 露天；在户外 41. power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n.电力供应;力量;控制力 adj.有力的,强的,有权力的 42. tap /tæp/ vi.& vt. 轻叩/敲/拍  n.水龙头;轻叩/敲→tap into 利用 We need to renewable energy. 我们需要利用可再生能源。 43.  /paɪp/ n.管子；管道 44. whistle /ˈwɪsl/ vi.吹口哨;发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声 45. emergency /iˈmɜ:dʒənsi/ n.突发事件;紧急情况→ adj.突现的;紧急的 → v.浮现;出现;形成The moon emerged from behind the clouds. 46. calm /kɑ:m/ adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平/镇静Just a bit! 你先静一静! 47. aid /eɪd/ n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助;援助--rescue n/v a hearing aid 助听器teaching aids教具visual aids视觉工具 48. kit /kɪt/ n.成套工具；成套设备→first aid kit 急救箱 49. on hand现有(尤指帮助);在手头;在场→ adj [attrib] practical亲身实践的;实习的:We've always been a hands-on, do-it-yourself kind of nation. The emergency services were with medical advice. 50. crash /kræʃ/ vt.& vi.碰撞;撞击n.撞车;碰撞→[cf]crush n.压碎,毁坏;拥挤的人群；迷恋；果汁饮料 v.压碎/坏; 碾碎 We could hear waves against the shore. The vase landed on the floor with a crash. Several people were crushed to death by the falling rocks. I couldn't get through the . 我无法从人群中挤过去. 51. sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. ( swept, ) 打扫;清扫→sweep away消灭；彻底消除 52. wave /weɪv/ n.海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手 I him from the window but he didn't see me. 53. strike /straɪk/ vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭;突击;击打n. 罢工/课;袭击 be/go on strike罢工； The stone the side of the head. The clock has just struck (three). 钟刚敲过（三点）. how we could improve the situation. He’s very much struck on his new girl-friend. 他非常喜欢这个新交的女朋友。 54. /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ vt. & vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n.投递, 传送 deliver a speech/lecture/address etc//She delivered her third child at home. 55.  /ˈsʌməri/ n.总结;概括;概要→in summary总的来说=to sum up. If you summarize something, you give a summary of it. 56.  /leŋθ/ n.长；长度 at length 最终终于→ v使变长 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $