Unit 1 The Changing World 语法精讲与专项练习 2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

**基本信息** 以“家乡变化”主题为载体，系统构建“一般过去时-现在完成时-对比辨析-used to结构”语法体系，融合口诀记忆、语境应用与梯度训练，提升时态运用与今昔对比表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法精讲|4大语法点+6对比表|时态标志词速记、“过去-现在”对比口诀、used to结构三式转换|从“过去状态描述”到“现在变化强调”，通过对比辨析构建时态应用逻辑链| |专项练习|5题型100题|语境分析法、标志词判断法、错误类型归类|基础巩固→能力提升→综合运用，题型覆盖中考核心考点，语篇填空强化主题语境应用|

新版九年级英语上册 Unit 1 The Changing World 语法精讲与专项练习 第一部分：语法精讲 一、语法一：一般过去时——描述“过去的样子” 为什么学这个时态？ 在 Unit 1 The Changing World 中，我们需要描述家乡、城市、环境等在过去是什么样子。当我们谈论过去的状态或动作，并且与现在无关时，就要用一般过去时。 核心定义 一般过去时描述纯属过去的动作或状态，动作已结束，对现在无直接影响。侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事，不强调对“现在”的影响。 与单元主题的结合：描述家乡“过去”的样子 在本单元中，我们常用一般过去时来描述家乡过去的状况，与现在形成对比： 教材典型语境 例句 描述过去的环境 The roads were very rough in the past. 描述过去存在的设施 There were no supermarkets or hospitals. 描述过去的习惯 People used to travel by bicycle. 描述过去发生的事件 My grandfather planted many trees in 1980. 句式结构（记忆表） 句式 结构 单元主题例句 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 My hometown had only one school in the past. 否定句 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 There didn't use to be any hospitals here. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did people live in old houses? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形？ What did your hometown look like before? be动词（was / were）的特殊性 描述过去的状态时，直接用 was / were，不需要借助did： 主语 be动词过去式 I / He / She / It / 单数名词 was You / We / They / 复数名词 were 单元主题例句： · The river was clean and clear 20 years ago. · The houses were very small in my grandparents' time. · There were no street lights in the village before. 本单元常见时间标志词 标志词 含义 例句 in the past 在过去 The air was fresh in the past. ago ……以前 My father left the village 30 years ago. last + 时间 上一个…… The government planted trees last year. when I was a child 当我还是个孩子时 There were no cars when I was a child. before 以前 Things were different before. 核心注意点 关键口诀：说过去的事，用过去时；有明确过去时间，不用完成时。 二、语法二：现在完成时——描述“现在的变化” 为什么学这个时态？ 在 Unit 1 The Changing World 中，我们谈论家乡从过去到现在发生的变化，强调过去的事件对现在造成的结果或持续到现在的状态。这正是现在完成时的核心用法。 核心定义（两重含义） 含义一： 过去发生的事，对现在有影响。 · 教材语境： 家乡的变化已经发生，我们现在看到了结果。 · 例句： The government has planted many trees. → 现在树已经长在那里了。 含义二： 过去开始的事，一直持续到现在。 · 教材语境： 家乡的变化从过去持续至今。 · 例句： My hometown has changed a lot. → 一直在变，到现在变化很大。 与单元主题的结合：描述家乡“现在的变化” 本单元中，现在完成时用于描述家乡从过去到现在已经完成的变化： 教材典型语境 例句 描述已发生变化 My hometown has changed a lot. 描述已完成的动作 The government has built many new schools. 描述持续到现在的状态 My family has lived here for 20 years. 描述已完成的成就 China has made great progress in recent years. 句式结构（记忆表） 句式 结构 单元主题例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 The village has become very modern. 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他 The environment hasn't changed much. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Has the city improved a lot? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词？ What has your hometown become? 人称搭配速记 主语 助动词 I / You / We / They / 复数名词（如 farmers, people） have He / She / It / 单数名词（如 my hometown, the city） has 本单元常见时间标志词 标志词 含义 单元例句 in the past/last + 时间 在过去……年里 My hometown has changed a lot in the past ten years. since 自从……以来 The city has developed rapidly since 2010. for 持续了……（时间） Many farmers have worked here for 15 years. already 已经（肯定句） The government has already built a new hospital. yet 已经/尚未（否定/疑问句） The road hasn't been repaired yet. so far 到目前为止 We have planted 1,000 trees so far. recently 最近 Many young people have returned to the village recently. for与since的区分（考试必考） 区别 for since 后接内容 时间段（for 10 years） 时间点（since 2015）或 一般过去时从句 侧重点 动作持续了多久 动作从何时开始 例句 I have lived here for 15 years. I have lived here since 2015. 例句 The city has changed a lot for years. The city has changed a lot since I left. ⚠️ 考试陷阱： since后面必须跟时间点或一般过去时的句子！不可跟时间段！ ✅ since 2010 ✅ since I was a child ❌ since five years（× 应改为 for five years） 三、一般过去时 vs 现在完成时——单元核心辨析 为什么这个对比很重要？ 在描述家乡变化时，我们需要准确区分： · 过去某一年发生了什么？（一般过去时） · 到现在为止，什么已经变了？（现在完成时） 核心对照表 对比项 一般过去时 现在完成时 与现在的关系 与现在无关 与现在有关 动作是否结束 动作已结束 可能已结束但有影响，或仍在持续 时间状语 有明确过去时间 不与明确过去时间连用 侧重点 过去的事实 过去的结果或持续 单元语境对比例句 一般过去时（过去的动作） 现在完成时（现在的结果/持续） The government built a bridge in 2015.（过去某年建了，现在是否还在？不知道） The government has built a new bridge.（现在已经建好了，可以通车） The village was very poor in the past.（过去穷，现在不一定） The village has become a modern town.（已经变成现代化城镇了，强调结果） I lived in the countryside when I was a child.（小时候住过，现在不住了） I have lived here since 2010.（从2010年住到现在，还在住） He planted a tree last year.（去年种了） He has planted 50 trees so far.（到目前为止已经种了50棵，强调累计） 四、语法四：used to结构——描述今昔对比 为什么学used to？ 这是本单元最核心的语法结构之一！在描述家乡变化时，我们经常要表达“过去……，但现在……”的对比含义，这正是used to的用途。 核心定义 used to + 动词原形 表示“过去常常……”，指过去的习惯、状态或过去反复发生的动作，暗含现在已不存在或不再发生。 与单元主题的结合 本单元中，used to用于描述家乡“过去曾经……，但现在不一样了”： 教材典型语境 例句 过去的状态 The roads used to be very narrow. 过去的习惯 People used to travel by bike. 过去的设施 There used to be only one school in my town. 过去的生活方式 My grandfather used to walk to work. 句式结构 句式 结构 单元例句 肯定句 主语 + used to + 动词原形 The river used to be very dirty. 否定句 主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形 People didn't use to have cars. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ Did your family use to live in the countryside? ⚠️ 注意： 否定和疑问中，used必须变回use！ used to与单元的完美结合：今昔对比写作模板 过去（used to） 现在（一般现在时） The town used to be very small. But now it is big and modern. People used to walk everywhere. Now they drive cars. There used to be only one shop. Now there are three supermarkets. 易混淆结构速查（考试必考！） 结构 含义 后接 单元例句 used to do 过去常常做（现在不做了） 动词原形 My father used to walk to work. be used to doing 习惯于做 动名词（-ing） I am used to living in the city. be used to do 被用来做（被动） 动词原形 Wood is used to make paper. 第二部分：专项练习题 题型一：用所给动词的适当形式填空（共30小题，每小题1分，共30分） A组：基础巩固（单元核心句型训练） 1. My hometown ________ (change) a lot in the past ten years. 2. The roads ________ (be) very rough before the government repaired them. 3. My grandfather ________ (use to) walk to work every day, but now he drives a car. 4. The government ________ (plant) many trees along the river since 2015. 5. There ________ (be) no hospitals in this town 30 years ago. 6. People ________ (travel) by bicycle in the past because there were no buses. 7. The air ________ (become) much cleaner since the factory moved away. 8. I ________ (live) in this city since I was born. 9. The local government ________ (build) a new bridge over the river last year. 10. We ________ (not see) such great changes in our village before. B组：能力提升（语境辨析训练） 11. My grandmother ________ (live) in the countryside when she was young, but now she lives with us in the city. 12. The environment in our city ________ (improve) a lot since 2010. 13. Many young people ________ (leave) the village in the past, but now they have come back. 14. The government ________ (spend) a lot of money on environmental protection in the past decade. 15. I ________ (already finish) reading the report about the changes in our city. 16. The factory ________ (stop) producing waste water after the government made new rules. 17. The population of my hometown ________ (increase) rapidly over the past 20 years. 18. The city ________ (keep) green development for fifteen years. 19. My father ________ (work) in the same company since he graduated from university. 20. The number of cars in our city ________ (grow) quickly in recent years. C组：综合运用（单元主题篇章） 21. Many people ________ (leave) the countryside to find jobs in big cities in the 1990s. 22. China ________ (make) great progress in environmental protection in recent years. 23. Our school ________ (carry out) low-carbon activities since it was built. 24. The local government ________ (not finish) the new road yet, but it will be open next month. 25. I ________ (never see) such a beautiful park before I came here. 26. The old house ________ (remind) me of my childhood whenever I pass by it. 27. The farmers ________ (use to) grow only rice, but now they grow vegetables too. 28. The government ________ (already build) more than 50 schools in poor areas. 29. The river ________ (become) clean again after three years of hard work. 30. I ________ (just hear) the good news that our village will have a new hospital. 题型二：单项选择（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 31. My hometown ________ a lot in the past ten years. A. changes　　　B. changed　　　C. has changed　　　D. will change 32. The roads in my village ________ very narrow before 2010. A. are　　　B. were　　　C. have been　　　D. will be 33. I ________ in this city since I was six years old. A. live　　　B. lived　　　C. have lived　　　D. will live 34. My grandfather ________ walk to work every day, but now he takes a bus. A. uses to　　　B. used to　　　C. is used to　　　D. was used to 35. There ________ no supermarkets in this town 20 years ago. A. is　　　B. are　　　C. was　　　D. were 36. The government ________ many trees along the river since 2015. A. plants　　　B. planted　　　C. has planted　　　D. will plant 37. —________ you ________ the new museum? —Yes, I have. I went there last week. A. Do; visit　　　B. Did; visit　　　C. Have; visited　　　D. Are; visiting 38. The air in my hometown ________ much cleaner now than before. A. is　　　B. was　　　C. has been　　　D. will be 39. We ________ each other since we left primary school, but we still remember each other. A. don't see　　　B. didn't see　　　C. haven't seen　　　D. won't see 40. The new library ________ in 2018. A. builds　　　B. built　　　C. was built　　　D. has been built 41. I ________ my homework yet. I need more time. A. don't finish　　　B. didn't finish　　　C. haven't finished　　　D. won't finish 42. She ________ in a small village when she was a child, but now she lives in a big city. A. lives　　　B. lived　　　C. has lived　　　D. will live 43. The city ________ a lot since I left ten years ago. A. changes　　　B. changed　　　C. has changed　　　D. will change 44. My mother ________ a doctor for over 20 years. A. is　　　B. was　　　C. has been　　　D. will be 45. —________ has the government done to improve the environment? —Many things. A. What　　　B. When　　　C. Where　　　D. How 46. The company ________ more than 1,000 jobs for the local people in the past five years. A. creates　　　B. created　　　C. has created　　　D. will create 47. My grandmother ________ to get up early, but now she gets up late. A. uses　　　B. used　　　C. is used　　　D. was used 48. —Where is Tom? —He ________ to the library. He will be back soon. A. goes　　　B. went　　　C. has gone　　　D. has been 49. The old photo ________ me of my happy childhood. A. remembers　　　B. reminds　　　C. connects　　　D. describes 50. I ________ such delicious food before I came to this restaurant. A. never eat　　　B. never ate　　　C. have never eaten　　　D. will never eat 题型三：句型转换（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分） 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。 51. She visited the new museum last week.（改为一般疑问句） ________ she ________ the new museum last week? 52. The government has built a new hospital in our village.（改为否定句） The government ________ ________ a new hospital in our village. 53. I have lived in this city for ten years.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ have you lived in this city? 54. My grandfather used to walk to work.（改为一般疑问句） ________ your grandfather ________ to walk to work? 55. The government planted many trees last year.（改为被动语态） Many trees ________ ________ by the government last year. 56. I have already seen the new library.（改为否定句） I ________ ________ the new library ________. 57. My hometown has changed a lot in the past ten years.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ your hometown changed in the past ten years? 58. He went to Beijing in 2019.（改为现在完成时） He ________ ________ to Beijing. 59. We clean the classroom every day.（用yesterday改为一般过去时） We ________ the classroom ________. 60. The city has changed a lot in the past ten years.（改为一般疑问句） ________ the city ________ a lot in the past ten years? 61. She used to live in the countryside.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ to live in the countryside. 62. I have known him since I was 10 years old.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ have you known him? 63. They built the bridge in 2020.（改为被动语态） The bridge ________ ________ in 2020. 64. There were no supermarkets in this town 30 years ago.（改为同义句） There ________ ________ supermarkets in this town 30 years ago. 65. My father goes to work by car every day.（用yesterday改写） My father ________ to work by car ________. 题型四：语法改错（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 66. I have visited my grandmother last weekend. 错误：________　改正：________ 67. She has lived here since five years. 错误：________　改正：________ 68. He didn't went to school yesterday. 错误：________　改正：________ 69. My hometown has changed a lot in 2010. 错误：________　改正：________ 70. My father used to working in a factory, but now he is a teacher. 错误：________　改正：________ 71. She has finished her homework just now. 错误：________　改正：________ 72. They have came back from Beijing last week. 错误：________　改正：________ 73. I am knowing him for ten years. 错误：________　改正：________ 74. My sister is used to get up early. 错误：________　改正：________ 75. We haven't seen each other since two years. 错误：________　改正：________ 题型五：语篇填空（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A篇：My Hometown My hometown is a small town in the south of China. It (76) ________ (change) a lot in the past twenty years. When I was a child, the streets (77) ________ (be) narrow and dirty. There (78) ________ (be) no street lights, so it was very dark at night. Most people (79) ________ (live) in old houses with no running water. People (80) ________ (use to) travel by bicycle because there were no buses. Now, everything is different. The streets (81) ________ (become) wide and clean. The government (82) ________ (plant) many trees along the roads. Many new buildings (83) ________ (build) in the past few years. The school (84) ________ (have) a big library now, which it (85) ________ (not have) before. The biggest change is the environment. The river (86) ________ (be) very dirty in the past, but now it (87) ________ (become) clean again. Many fish (88) ________ (return) to the river since the government stopped the pollution. I (89) ________ (live) here for fifteen years, and I (90) ________ (never think) of leaving this beautiful place. B篇：A Letter to a Friend Dear Tom, How are you? I (91) ________ (not hear) from you for a long time. Let me tell you about the changes in my city. I (92) ________ (come) to this city three years ago. Since then, I (93) ________ (see) many great changes. The city (94) ________ (build) a new subway system. The air (95) ________ (become) much cleaner because many factories (96) ________ (move) out of the city center. Before I came here, I (97) ________ (live) in a small town. Life (98) ________ (be) simple but happy there. My hometown (99) ________ (change) a lot too. My parents tell me that more trees (100) ________ (plant) in the past two years. Please write to me soon. Yours, Li Hua 第三部分：参考答案与详细解析 题型一：用所给动词的适当形式填空 A组：基础巩固 题号 答案 解析 1 has changed in the past ten years为现在完成时标志，主语My hometown为单数。 2 were before the government repaired them描述修复之前的状态，用一般过去时。 3 used to 与“but now he drives”形成今昔对比，used to do表示过去习惯。 4 has planted since 2015为现在完成时标志，主语The government为单数。 5 were 30 years ago为明确过去时间，hospitals为复数，用were。 6 traveled/travelled in the past为过去时间状语，用一般过去时。 7 has become since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。 8 have lived since I was born为现在完成时标志，主语I用have lived。 9 built last year为明确过去时间，用一般过去时。 10 have not seen before为现在完成时标志，主语We用have not seen。 B组：能力提升 题号 答案 解析 11 lived when she was young为过去时间，用一般过去时。 12 has improved since 2010为现在完成时标志，主语The environment为单数。 13 left in the past为过去时间，用一般过去时left。 14 has spent in the past decade为现在完成时标志，主语The government为单数。 15 have already finished already为现在完成时标志，主语I用have。 16 stopped after the government made...描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。 17 has increased over the past 20 years为现在完成时标志。 18 has kept for fifteen years为现在完成时标志，用has kept。 19 has worked since he graduated为现在完成时标志，主语My father为单数。 20 has grown in recent years为现在完成时标志，主语为单数。 C组：综合运用 题号 答案 解析 21 left in the 1990s为明确过去时间，用一般过去时。 22 has made in recent years为现在完成时标志，China为单数。 23 has carried out since it was built为现在完成时标志。 24 hasn't finished yet为现在完成时标志（否定句），主语为单数。 25 have never seen before与never搭配用现在完成时，主语I用have。 26 reminds 一般现在时描述客观事实，主语The old house为单数。 27 used to 与“but now they grow”形成今昔对比。 28 has already built already为现在完成时标志，主语The government为单数。 29 has become after three years of hard work强调结果，用现在完成时。 30 have just heard just为现在完成时标志，主语I用have。 题型二：单项选择 题号 答案 解析 31 C in the past ten years为现在完成时标志。 32 B before 2010为明确过去时间，用一般过去时were。 33 C since I was six为现在完成时标志。 34 B 与“but now”形成今昔对比，used to do表示过去习惯。 35 D 20 years ago为明确过去时间，supermarkets为复数，用were。 36 C since 2015为现在完成时标志。 37 C 回答用Yes, I have，问句用Have...visited。 38 A now提示一般现在时，is表示现在的状态。 39 C since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。 40 C in 2018为明确过去时间，被动语态用was built。 41 C yet为现在完成时标志（否定句）。 42 B when she was a child为过去时间，用一般过去时。 43 C since I left为现在完成时标志。 44 C for over 20 years为现在完成时标志。 45 A 对“做了什么事”提问用What。 46 C in the past five years为现在完成时标志。 47 B 与“but now”形成对比，used to表示“过去常常”。 48 C has gone to表示“去了某地（尚未回来）”。 49 B remind sb of sth为固定搭配，意为“使某人想起”。 50 C before与现在完成时连用，描述从未有过的经历。 题型三：句型转换 题号 答案 解析 51 Did; visit 一般过去时变疑问句，助动词用Did，visited还原为visit。 52 hasn't built 现在完成时变否定句，在has后加not。 53 How long 对时间段（for ten years）提问用How long。 54 Did; use used to变疑问句，助动词用Did，used还原为use。 55 were planted 被动语态，last year为过去时间，用were planted。 56 haven't seen; yet already用于肯定句，否定句用yet。 57 How has 对程度提问用How，主语为单数，助动词用has。 58 has been 一般过去时变现在完成时，用has been to。 59 cleaned; yesterday 用yesterday改为一般过去时。 60 Has; changed 现在完成时变一般疑问句，Has提前。 61 didn't use used to变否定句，用didn't use to。 62 How long 对since引导的时间段提问用How long。 63 was built 被动语态，in 2020为过去时间，用was built。 64 weren't any no = not any，supermarkets为复数，用weren't。 65 went; yesterday 用yesterday改为一般过去时。 题型四：语法改错 题号 错误 改正 解析 66 have visited visited last weekend为明确过去时间，不能用现在完成时。 67 since for since后接时间点，five years为时间段，用for。 68 didn't went didn't go 助动词didn't后接动词原形。 69 has changed changed in 2010为明确过去时间，不能用现在完成时。 70 working work used to后接动词原形。 71 has finished finished just now（刚才）为过去时间，用一般过去时。 72 have came came 过去时间last week用一般过去时came。 73 am knowing have known know为延续性动词，不用进行时，用现在完成时。 74 to get to getting be used to doing意为“习惯于做”，后接动名词。 75 since for since后接时间点，two years为时间段，用for。 题型五：语篇填空 A篇：My Hometown 题号 答案 解析 76 has changed in the past twenty years为现在完成时标志。 77 were when I was a child为过去时间，streets为复数。 78 were 过去存在状态，street lights为复数。 79 lived 描述过去的情况，用一般过去时。 80 used to 与后文now形成今昔对比。 81 have become 描述已经完成的变化，用现在完成时。 82 has planted 强调已经种树，用现在完成时。 83 have been built 被动语态，in the past few years为现在完成时标志。 84 has 描述现在的状态，用一般现在时have的三单形式has。 85 didn't have before描述过去情况，用一般过去时否定。 86 was in the past为过去时间，用一般过去时。 87 has become 强调现在已变干净，用现在完成时。 88 have returned since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。 89 have lived for fifteen years为现在完成时标志。 90 have never thought never与现在完成时连用。 B篇：A Letter to a Friend 题号 答案 解析 91 haven't heard for a long time为现在完成时标志。 92 came three years ago为明确过去时间。 93 have seen Since then为现在完成时标志。 94 has built 强调已经建造，用现在完成时。 95 has become 强调现在已经变干净，用现在完成时。 96 have moved 强调已经搬走，用现在完成时。 97 lived Before I came这里描述过去的生活。 98 was 描述过去的状态。 99 has changed too提示也发生了变化，用现在完成时。 100 have been planted in the past two years为现在完成时标志，被动语态。 第四部分：单元写作核心句型总结 描述家乡变化的“三步走”句型 第一步：概述变化（用现在完成时） · My hometown has changed a lot in the past ten years. · Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 2010. 第二步：描述过去（用一般过去时 / used to） · The streets used to be narrow and dirty. · There were no supermarkets or hospitals. · People used to travel by bicycle. 第三步：描述现在（用一般现在时 / 现在完成时） · Now the streets are wide and clean. · The government has built many new schools. · People have become happier and healthier. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $