Unit 2 Exploring English 课文中英对照 清单-2026-2027学年高中英语外研版必修第一册

该高中英语单元围绕“探索英语”主题，构建从语言现象到深层规律的学习支架。先通过词汇“矛盾”现象（如pineapple无pine/apple）引发兴趣，再解析词源（如hamburger、eggplant由来），进而系统梳理构词法（复合词、前缀后缀、词性转换、缩写），最后对比英美英语差异（拼写、词汇）并结合真实案例（论坛误会、写作素材）深化理解。 知识链路以“现象-溯源-规律-应用”逻辑展开，特色在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养。通过分析词汇矛盾和构词规则提升语言理解与表达能力，借助英美差异及真实案例（如“first floor”歧义）增强跨文化认知，引导学生从语言现象中推断规律，发展思维品质，同时真实情境案例为语言应用提供实践支撑。

Unit 2 Exploring English / 探索英语 本单元共收录 6 篇(组)英文语篇。 1. Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple / “Pineapple”里既没有松树也没有苹果 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. There isn’t. This made me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant either. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn. For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing? If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”, why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”. But when we see sunshine, we can’t say “it’s sunshining”. Even the smallest words can be confusing. When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that?” What about “IT” and “US”? You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off! English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends. 你是否曾经问过自己,为什么人们学习英语时常常会遇到困难?我以前从未想过这个问题,直到有一天,我五岁的儿子问我,hamburger(汉堡包)里是不是有ham(火腿)。其实并没有。这让我意识到,eggplant(茄子)里也没有egg(鸡蛋),pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树),也没有apple(苹果)。这使我开始思考:英语真是一门“疯狂”的语言。 例如,空闲时我们可以sculpt a sculpture(雕一座雕塑),也可以paint a painting(画一幅画),但拍照片却说take a photo。旅行时,我们说in the car或in the taxi,却说on the train或on the bus!在旅途中,我们在海上会seasick(晕船),在空中会airsick(晕机),在车里会carsick(晕车);可回到家时,我们却不会因为“在家”而homesick——homesick反而表示“想家”。说到家,为什么homework(家庭作业)和housework(家务活)不是同一回事呢? 如果hard(硬的)是soft(软的)的反义词,为什么hardly(几乎不)和softly(轻柔地)却不是一对反义词?如果harmless(无害的)行为与harmful(有害的)行为相反,为什么shameless(无耻的)和shameful(可耻的)所描述的行为却差不多呢? 当我们向窗外看见雨或雪时,可以说“it’s raining(正在下雨)”或“it’s snowing(正在下雪)”。但看见阳光时,却不能说“it’s sunshining”。 即使最短小的词也可能令人困惑。医学报告中大写的“WHO”指世界卫生组织,你会把它读成“Who’s that?”中的who吗?那么“IT”和“US”又该怎样理解呢? 你还会惊叹于英语这种独特的“疯狂”:一所房子burns down和burns up都可以表示“烧毁”;填写表格既可以说fill in a form,也可以说fill out a form;而警报器只有在goes off(响起)之后,我们才听得见! 英语是人创造的,而不是计算机创造的,它体现了人类的创造力。因此,stars are out表示星星出现了、看得见;lights are out却表示灯灭了、看不见。因此,我wind up my watch(给手表上发条)时,手表开始走;而我wind up this passage(结束这篇文章)时,文章就结束了。 —————————————————————————————————— 2. How Pineapple, Hamburger and Eggplant Got Their Names / 菠萝、汉堡包和茄子名称的由来 The word “pineapple” developed from the Spanish word “pi a”, which means pine cone. When it came to England, “apple” was added to show it is a kind of fruit. The origin of “hamburger” was a hard beef steak called “Hamburg steak”, eaten without bread. Later, people reinvented it and called it “hamburger”. Eggplants used to be smaller and yellow or white. They looked a bit like eggs, which led to the name “eggplant”. “Pineapple”一词由西班牙语“pi a”演变而来,后者意为“松果”。这个词传入英国后,人们又加上了“apple”,以表明它是一种水果。 “Hamburger”最初源于一种较硬的牛排,叫作“Hamburg steak(汉堡牛排)”,当时食用时并不夹面包。后来,人们重新改制了这种食物,并将其称为“hamburger”。 过去的茄子个头较小,颜色为黄色或白色,看起来有点像鸡蛋,因此得名“eggplant”。 3. Word Formation / 构词法 When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit scary. But many of them are formed using other simpler words. This is called word formation. Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, penfriend (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen) and well-known (known by many people). Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn’t correct it’s incorrect, and if someone isn’t happy they’re unhappy. Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns. For example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great improvement. Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round. When we calm somebody down, they become calm. And we can give someone a present by presenting it. And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words: “World Trade Organization” can be referred to as WTO, and ASAP is short for “as soon as possible”. It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings. 打开词典时,你常常会遇到许多不熟悉的单词。你可能会觉得这有点吓人,但其中很多词其实是由其他更简单的词构成的。这种现象叫作构词法。 由两个或更多词组合而成的词叫作复合词。例如,penfriend意为“笔友”(传统上通过写信联系的朋友),well-known意为“众所周知的”。 前缀和后缀通常具有相对固定的含义。在一个词前加un-或in-,新词通常表示相反的意思。例如,不正确的事物是incorrect,不开心的人是unhappy。以-ment和-ness结尾的词往往是名词。例如,一个人进步很大,就可以说他取得了great improvement(很大的进步)。 有些名词和形容词可以用作动词,反之亦然。当我们calm somebody down(使某人平静下来)时,这个人就会变得calm(平静的)。我们也可以通过presenting a present来“赠送一件礼物”。 有时,一个词由若干单词的首字母组成。例如,“World Trade Organization(世界贸易组织)”可以简称为WTO,ASAP则是“as soon as possible(尽快)”的缩写。 我们不可能知道每个单词的含义,但了解构词法可以帮助我们猜测词义。 4. American and British English / 美式英语与英式英语 Today, American English is in common international use. It is different from British English in several ways, mostly in spelling and vocabulary. Some American spellings were created by Noah Webster, who made one of America’s first dictionaries. He changed “-re” spellings to “-er”, which is why theatre is spelt theater in American English. The Americans and the British also use different words for everyday things. For example, Americans talk about putting gas in their cars and driving along the highway, whereas in the UK, people put petrol in their cars and drive along the motorway. Americans take the elevator to the top floor of a building, but the British use the lift. In the US, they take the subway, but in the UK, people travel on the underground. Americans live in an apartment, while the British live in a flat. It’s not as confusing as it seems: usually people from the two countries can understand each other from the context. But that doesn’t stop them having a friendly argument about which word is the “right” one! Each year, many additions are made to English dictionaries. Recent additions include “selfie” (a photograph that you take of yourself, usually with a mobile phone) and “netizen” (a citizen who uses the Internet). Some messaging abbreviations have also been added, for example, BRB (be right back), COZ (because) and G2G (got to go). 如今,美式英语在国际上被广泛使用。它与英式英语在若干方面存在差异,主要体现在拼写和词汇上。一些美式拼写由诺亚 韦伯斯特创制,他编写了美国最早的一批词典之一。他把以“-re”结尾的拼写改成“-er”,因此英式英语中的theatre在美式英语中写作theater。 美国人和英国人对日常事物也常使用不同的词。例如,美国人说往汽车里加gas,在highway上行驶;而英国人则说加petrol,在motorway上行驶。美国人乘elevator到楼顶,英国人则乘lift。在美国,人们乘subway;在英国,人们乘underground。美国人住在apartment里,英国人则住在flat里。 这种差异并没有看起来那么令人困惑:通常,两国的人可以根据上下文理解彼此。不过,这并不妨碍他们友好地争论,究竟哪个词才是“正确”的! 每年,英语词典都会收录许多新词。近年新增的词包括selfie(通常用手机给自己拍的照片,即“自拍照”)和netizen(使用互联网的公民,即“网民”)。 一些即时通信缩写也被收入词典,例如BRB(be right back,马上回来)、COZ(because,因为)和G2G(got to go,得走了)。 5. (Mis)adventures in English / 英语学习中的“奇遇” Forum Announcement Last week, our forum asked if you had any funny or strange stories about using English. We didn’t expect to get so many posts! Here are some of our favourites, to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world! Yancy People say that the British always play safe with what they eat. Not true! I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie. One day, a different teacher took our class. He told us that Maggie couldn’t teach that day COZ she had a frog in her throat. Poor Maggie - but why did she try to eat such a big frog? Sophie When I first visited New York, I went to a downtown shopping centre to buy some winter boots. At the information desk at the entrance, I asked a lady where the shoe section was. She said that it was on the first floor. So I went up to the first floor, but couldn’t find any shoes. I decided to leave. When I was looking for the exit, I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor. Why did she give me the wrong information? X-( Julien I’ve got an English penfriend, who I finally got to meet in London this summer. He had told me that his grandfather was “really wicked”. But when I met his grandfather, I liked him a lot. I found it very odd. Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man? Zheng Xu The British must have really high standards. I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China. I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper. I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment. When I got the paper back, I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad!” Not bad? But there weren’t any errors in my paper. :-( 论坛公告 上周,我们在论坛上询问大家:使用英语时,是否遇到过有趣或奇怪的事情。没想到,我们收到了这么多帖子!下面是其中一些我们最喜欢的故事。它们提醒我们:课堂上学到的某些英语,与现实世界中的英语其实很不一样! 扬西 人们常说,英国人在吃东西这件事上总是很谨慎。才不是呢!我曾去曼彻斯特参加暑期学校,我的英语老师叫玛吉。有一天,另一位老师来给我们上课。他说,玛吉那天不能来上课,因为she had a frog in her throat。可怜的玛吉——可是她为什么要吞下那么大一只青蛙呢? 【说明:have a frog in one’s throat是习语,意为“嗓子沙哑、说不清话”。】 索菲 我第一次去纽约时,到市中心的一家购物中心买冬靴。在入口处的问讯台,我问一位女士鞋类区在哪里。她说在first floor。于是我上了一层楼,却怎么也找不到鞋。我决定离开。寻找出口时,我才发现,鞋实际上在楼下的ground floor出售,而不是我理解的first floor。她为什么给我错误的信息呢?X-( 【说明:美式英语的first floor指地面层;英式英语的first floor通常指地面层上面的一层。】 朱利安 我有一个英国笔友,今年夏天终于在伦敦见到了他。他以前告诉我,他的祖父“really wicked”。可当我见到他祖父时,我非常喜欢这位老人。我觉得很奇怪:我的朋友为什么要用一个负面的词来形容这么好的人呢? 【说明:wicked本义为“邪恶的”,在非正式用语中也可以表示“极好的、棒极了的”。】 郑旭 英国人的标准一定非常高。我参加了英国一所大学与中国一所大学之间的学生交换项目。我花了好几天准备并撰写自己的第一篇英语论文。我知道自己写得不错,也一直期待得到积极的评价。论文发回来时,我发现老师写的评语是“Not bad!”——“不坏”?可我的论文里明明一个错误也没有。:-( 【说明:在英式表达中,Not bad往往不是消极评价,而是“相当不错、比预期更好”的委婉说法。】 6. Writing Material: A Misunderstanding about “Toad-in-the-hole” / 写作素材:关于“Toad-in-the-hole”的误会 Last summer, I stayed with a British family. “We’ll have toad-in-the-hole for dinner.” “A toad in a hole?!” “It’s delicious!” Toad-in-the-hole is a traditional British dish made with sausages baked in batter similar to pancake batter. 去年夏天,我住在一个英国家庭里。 “我们晚饭吃toad-in-the-hole。” “洞里的一只蟾蜍?!” “很好吃的!” Toad-in-the-hole是英国的一道传统菜肴:把香肠放进类似煎饼面糊的面糊中一起烘烤。这个菜名按字面理解是“洞里的蟾蜍”,因此很容易让英语学习者产生误会。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $