专题J906 Unit 6 Beyond Earth（说明文）【题型易-阅读理解精练】2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册（广东专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦太空探索主题，采用初阶到进阶梯度设计，系统训练说明文阅读能力，培养语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |初阶练手|6篇（如Voyager 1、Tianwen-1）|以细节理解题为主，考查事实信息定位|围绕太空基础事实（天体知识、探测任务），构建"现象-事实-结论"认知链条| |进阶提升|6篇（如月球砖、卫星命名文化）|增加推理判断与结构分析题，考查深层理解|延伸至技术应用与文化影响，形成"事实-技术-文化"逻辑拓展，提升思维深度|

单元话题精练 专题J906（说明文）单元话题 题型梯度特训（新教材人教版） Unit 6 Beyond Earth 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 内 容 提 要 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 – 6 二、 进阶提升 Passage 7 -12 Passage 1 Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. Many ancient cultures believed that these points of light were from gods or other mysterious worlds. However, as technology and science developed, we learnt the truth about stars. They are real places like our own sun, and they are further away than anyone imagined. The man-made object which has travelled furthest from Earth is Voyager 1. This spacecraft was launched in 1977. A special record with Earth’s sounds and pictures is carried on board, in case alien life finds it. It is 23.5 billion kilometres away from Earth now, but still far from the nearest star Proxima Centauri (4.2 light years away). Human space travel faces huge challenges. A trip to Mars takes 6–9 months. Visiting other stars would take hundreds of thousands of years. But scientists do not give up. They plan longer sleep trips and faster spacecraft. With global cooperation, we may reach stars one day. 1. What did ancient people think stars were? A．Other suns far away. B．Lights from gods and mysterious worlds. C．Small planets around Earth. D．Man-made spacecraft. 2. When was Voyager 1 sent into space? A．In 1969. B．In 1977. C．In 2017. D．In 2023. 3. What is on Voyager 1 for alien life? A．A map of Mars. B．A record of Earth’s sounds and pictures. C．A space suit. D．A small telescope. 4. How long does a trip to Mars take at present? A．About one month. B．4.2 light years. C．Six to nine months. D．Hundreds of years. 5. How do scientists hope to make star travel possible? A．Build bigger rovers on the moon. B．Develop faster spacecraft and long sleep journeys. C．Move all human beings to Mars at once. D．Send more satellites to take photos of stars. Passage 2 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 China’s Journey to the Red Planet On July 23, 2020, China launched its first independent Mars mission, Tianwen-1. This marked the beginning of China’s journey to the red planet. The name “Tianwen” comes from a poem by Qu Yuan, meaning “questions to heaven,” reflecting humanity’s curiosity about the universe. The mission had three major goals: to orbit Mars, to land on its surface, and to explore it with a rover. This was a huge challenge because no other country had successfully achieved all three goals in a single first mission. But China did it. On May 15, 2021, the Tianwen-1 spacecraft reached Mars. It released the Zhurong rover, which successfully landed on the Martian surface. Zhurong is named after the Chinese god of fire, symbolizing the spirit of exploration. The rover began its journey across the Martian landscape, studying the geology and climate of the planet. Over the following months, Zhurong traveled many kilometers across the Martian surface. It sent back a large amount of valuable data and images of Mars. It found signs of water in the past, which is a key clue in the search for life. This discovery has greatly excited scientists around the world. China’s Mars mission shows how far the country has come in space technology. It also inspires young people to dream of exploring the unknown. As the mission continues, we can expect even more exciting discoveries in the future. 1. When was China’s Tianwen-1 mission launched? A．On May 15, 2021. B．On July 23, 2020. C．In 2008. D．In 2022. 2. What does the name “Tianwen” mean? A．Heavenly Palace. B．Questions to heaven. C．God of fire. D．Red planet. 3. What did Zhurong find on Mars that excited scientists? A．Signs of life. B．Signs of water in the past. C．A new planet. D．A space station. 4. What made China’s Mars mission especially impressive? A．It was the first Mars mission in history. B．It achieved three goals in a single first mission. C．It sent a rover to Mars. D．It was named after a poem. 5. What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To compare Mars missions from different countries. B．To introduce China’s first Mars mission and its achievements. C．To explain why Mars is important for future life. D．To describe the surface of Mars. Passage 3 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 How Far Can We Go into Space? What does the future of space exploration look like? Scientists believe that human beings will achieve great things in the coming decades. New technologies will be developed, and more discoveries will be made beyond Earth. Let’s take a look at the plans and possibilities. The Moon: A Starting Point The moon is the closest neighbor to Earth. It is believed that more lunar missions will be carried out in the near future. Plans to build a lunar base are already being discussed. Scientists believe that moon bases will be built where astronauts can live and do research. These bases will help us prepare for longer space journeys. Mars: The Next Frontier Mars is the planet that has attracted the most attention in recent years. It is hoped that a manned mission to Mars will follow in the future. However, human exploration of Mars is not an easy task. It will require a lot of careful planning and preparation. Scientists are working on technologies to support human life on Mars. It is thought that if there is water on Mars, there might also be alien life. Beyond the Solar System Is it possible for humans to go beyond our solar system? Scientists believe that new telescopes and spacecraft will be developed to explore distant stars and galaxies. Exoplanets that could support life will be discovered. Although this is far in the future, researchers are already making plans. The technology that will be used for such journeys is still being developed. The Power of Cooperation One thing is clear: no single country can achieve these goals alone. International cooperation will be the key to the future of space exploration. Countries will work together, share knowledge and resources, and push the boundaries of what is possible. The space station is a good example of what can be achieved when nations cooperate. 1. According to the passage, what will be built on the moon in the future? A．Space telescopes. B．Lunar bases. C．Research stations. D．Mars rovers. 2. Why is Mars considered “the next frontier” for space exploration? A．Because it is the closest planet to Earth. B．Because it has attracted the most attention. C．Because it may have water and alien life. D．Both B and C． 3. What does the passage say about exploring beyond the solar system? A．It will happen very soon. B．It is considered impossible. C．New telescopes and spacecraft will be developed. D．Only one country can achieve it. 4. According to the passage, what is the key to the future of space exploration? A．Advanced technology. B．Enough money. C．International cooperation. D．More astronauts. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A．The history of space exploration. B．Plans and possibilities for future space exploration. C．The importance of the moon base. D．How to become an astronaut. Passage 4 The Importance of Space Exploration Space exploration has become an important part of modern science. Many countries are investing in space programs. Why is space exploration so important? First, it helps us understand the universe. By studying other planets, stars, and galaxies, we learn more about how the universe works. This knowledge can help us understand the origins of life and the future of our planet. Second, space exploration leads to new technologies. Many inventions we use today, such as GPS, satellite communication, and weather forecasting, were developed because of space research. These technologies have greatly improved our lives. Third, space exploration inspires people. It encourages young people to study science, technology, engineering, and math. Many astronauts and scientists were inspired by space missions when they were children. Finally, space exploration may be necessary for the survival of the human race. As the Earth’s population grows and resources become limited, we may need to find new resources or even a new planet to live on. 1. How does space exploration help us understand the universe? A．By sending people to the moon. B．By studying other planets, stars, and galaxies. C．By building more telescopes. D．By launching satellites. 2. What are some technologies that were developed because of space research? A．GPS and satellite communication. B．Computers and smartphones. C．Cars and airplanes. D．Trains and ships. 3. Why does space exploration inspire young people? A．Because they can become astronauts. B．Because it encourages them to study science and technology. C．Because they can travel to space. D．Because it is exciting. 4. What might be necessary for the survival of the human race? A．Building more cities. B．Finding new resources or a new planet. C．Stopping space exploration. D．Using more technology. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A．Space exploration is too expensive and should be stopped. B．Space exploration has many important benefits for humanity. C．Space exploration is only about sending people to the moon. D．Space exploration is not important for our daily lives. Passage 5 On October 30, 2025, China announced the three-member astronaut team for Shenzhou-21: Zhang Lu (commander), Wu Fei and Zhang Hongzhang. They will launch at 23:44 on October 31 and stay in space for about six months. The team mixes experienced and young members, ensuring a safe and energetic mission. The Three Astronauts and Their Jobs Each has a unique role, and their skills complement each other perfectly. Commander Zhang Lu, born in 1976, is the most experienced. He flew on Shenzhou-15 in 2022 and won honors for his work. As leader, he will control the spaceship and handle emergencies, keeping the mission safe with his expertise. Engineer Wu Fei, the 1993-born youngest member, makes his first space trip. He excels at space equipment—installing and fixing outdoor devices, which fits the mission’s needs. Payload (有效载荷) Specialist Zhang Hongzhang (born 1986), a doctor, leads 27 space experiments. These will deepen our knowledge of life and materials in space. How to Become an Astronaut? Becoming an astronaut is tough. Strict rules apply: height 1.65-1.75m, weight ≤80kg (heavy weight wastes rocket fuel). They must pass hard tests: 8G gravity in a centrifuge (离心机), low-pressure room training, plus good teamwork. Only top candidates qualify. The Mission’s Highlights Shenzhou-21 has two key goals: replacing the Shenzhou-20 team (who set a 188-day record) and doing research. A highlight is China’s first space experiment with four mice. Astronauts will study how weightlessness affects them, and the mice will return to Earth. They will also install space-junk protection equipment and test smart space technology, boosting China’s space development. A New Journey for China’s Space Dream China’s manned space program has completed 36 missions; Shenzhou-21 is the 37th. The team’s mix shows our space cause is thriving. With the spaceship and rocket ready, the three astronauts await launch. Their six-month journey carries China’s space hopes, writing a new chapter. 1. What can we know about Zhang Lu from the passage? A．He is the youngest in the team. B．He once flew on Shenzhou-15. C．He is a payload specialist. D．He will do 27 space experiments. 2. Why do astronauts have strict height and weight rules? A．To keep them healthy in space. B．To save rocket fuel. C．To fit the spaceship’s seats. D．To make teamwork easier. 3. What can we infer from the passage? A．China’s space program is developing well. B．Shenzhou-21 will stay in space longer than 188 days. C．Wu Fei has more space experience than Zhang Lu. D．The four mice will stay in space forever. 4. The underlined word “thriving” in the part “A New Journey for China’s Space Dream” probably means ________. A．failing B．growing well C．slowing down D．becoming difficult 5. What’s the best title for the passage? A．How to Become a Great Astronaut B．China’s First Space Mouse Experiment C．Shenzhou-21: Astronauts and Their Mission D．The History of China’s Manned Space Program Passage 6 The universe is everything around us. It includes space, all the matter and energy in space, and even time. The stars like the Sun and planets like Earth are part of it. These planets go around the Sun, which is just one star among billions. The Moon is not a planet. It circles Earth and is also part of this huge system. Scientists say the solar system is about 4.6 billion years old. They found this by studying rocks and small space stones. Earth seems permanent, but it’s not. The Sun, much bigger than Earth, will change too, possibly growing large enough to take in nearby planets like Earth one day. The universe is about 13.8 billion years old. Scientists found this by looking at old stars and how fast the universe is getting bigger. ________ This surprises scientists, because they expected gravity to slow the stars down. Earth and humans are very young compared to the universe. Life on Earth has been around for 3.8 billion years, but humans have only been here for about 300,000 years. That’s a tiny bit of time—like a second in a whole year! We’ve explored only our own solar system, and even then, we haven’t seen all the planets and moons. With new technology and curiosity, we keep learning about the universe. How did the universe begin? Are there other planets with life? Though space is big and full of secrets, each discovery helps us understand our place in it. The more we learn, the more we want to explore. 1. What is the Moon according to the passage? A．A planet that goes around the Sun. B．A star like the Sun in the universe. C．A body that circles around Earth. D．A form of energy in space. 2. What does the underlined word “permanent” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Long. B．Endless. C．Ancient. D．Important. 3. Which of the following can be put in “ ________” in Paragraph 3? A．Most stars far away from us are moving faster and faster. B．Some stars near us are getting smaller and smaller. C．All stars in the universe stay in one place. D．Few stars can be seen with scientists’ tools. 4. Which of the following most probably shows the right timeline? A． B． C． D． 5. What is the best title for the passage? A．Earth’s Long Life B．The Secrets of the Universe C．Scientists’ Study of the Stars D．The Universe and Our Place in It Passage 7 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 The Mystery of the Universe Have you ever looked up at the night sky and wondered what is out there? For thousands of years, humans have been curious about the universe. This curiosity has driven us to explore the unknown, leading to some of the greatest discoveries in history. Why Do We Explore? There are several reasons why humans explore space. First, exploring space helps us understand the origin of the universe and our place in it. By studying stars, planets, and galaxies, we learn about the history of the universe and how it was formed. Second, space exploration leads to new technologies that improve our daily lives. Many inventions we use today, such as memory foam and LED lighting, were originally developed for space programs. Third, space exploration inspires us. When we see astronauts in space or rovers on Mars, we are reminded that humans are capable of amazing things. The Role of Curiosity Curiosity is perhaps the most important driver of space exploration. This curiosity is what makes us human—the desire to know what is beyond the horizon and in the stars. Every great discovery in history has been driven by curiosity. Without it, we would never have landed on the moon or sent rovers to Mars. What Does the Future Hold? In the future, more advanced telescopes will be developed to observe distant galaxies. New spacecraft will be built to carry astronauts further into space. It is hoped that one day, human beings will set foot on Mars. The possibilities are endless, and the journey has only just begun. 1. What does the underlined word “curiosity” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．The desire to know something. B．The fear of the unknown. C．The need for more money. D．The wish to travel. 2. According to the passage, space exploration has led to new technologies such as ________. A．memory foam and LED lighting B．paper and printing C．cars and airplanes D．computers and smartphones 3. What is the most important driver of space exploration according to the passage? A．The need for resources. B．The desire for fame. C．Human curiosity. D．International competition. 4. What does the author think about the future of space exploration? A．It will stop because it costs too much. B．It will continue to make new discoveries. C．Only robots will explore space. D．Humans will never leave Earth. 5. What is the structure of this passage? A．Introduction → Reasons → Examples → Conclusion. B．Question → Answers → Problems → Solutions. C．Story → Characters → Events → Ending. D．Opinion → Evidence → Counter-argument → Restatement. Passage 8 On April 24, 1970, the first satellite of China, Dongfanghong-1, took off. 55 years later, the much larger and higher-level Shenzhou-20 manned spaceship took off on the same date. While Dongfanghong-1 is China’s first small step in space, Shenzhou-20 now can carry astronauts and perform scientific tests, showing China’s great steps forward. As one of the key advances (进步) of this mission, the Long March-2F rocket has made 32 technical improvements. One of them is the telemetry system (遥测系统). In the past, scientists stored important information in a “black box” (a special recorder) and studied it after its return. But now, the new system collects it by using cameras and sensors (传感器) on the tower in some key locations. With a transmission rate (传输率) of 5 Mbps, it can send around 100 A4sized pages of documents (文件) every second. This allows flight information to be collected and sent back to Earth in real time during the whole mission. Later, China plans to carry out more manned missions and supply missions. If these are achieved, the space station will be able to run over 180 science programs including life science and other fields. At the same time, China is working toward landing astronauts on the moon before 2030. And new rockets and spaceships are being tested to make sure they are safe. All these steps show China’s dream to reach deep space and share knowledge with the world. China’s space journey grows more promising every day. Each mission shows not just scientific achievements but also the realization of a centuriesold dream. 1. How does the writer show China’s progress in space in Paragraph 1? A．By comparing facts. B．By giving examples. C．By telling a story. D．By asking questions. 2. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The tests. B．The missions. C．The rockets. D．The improvements. 3. Which of the following can help scientists to collect information now? A． B． C． D． 4. Which is NOT China’s main space plan? A．Building a new system for the mission. B．Sending supplies to the space station. C．Landing astronauts on the moon. D．Testing rockets and spaceships. 5. What could be the best title of this passage? A．Shenzhou-20: A New Step in China’s Space Work B．Stories of China’s First Satellite, Dongfanghong-1 C．The Life of Chinese Astronauts in the Space Station D．The Future Improvements of Long March Rockets Passage 9 So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see , China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called Kua Fu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites , we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1. In China , space scientists get ideas from ________  when naming satellites. ①old stories   ②traditional projects    ③ancient famous people     ④popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．①④ 2. How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 3? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By reporting a result 3. Which is the right structure of the passage?  (①= Paragraph 1 ②= Paragraph 2, …) A． B． C． D． 4. What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D．To spread the traditional Chinese culture. 5. In which section of a newspaper can we read the text? A．Public Service B．Science World C．Green Lifestyle D．Healthy Life Passage 10 On Earth, we use bricks (砖块) to build houses, but what about building things on the moon? We use “lunar bricks”, of course! Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a research station on the moon. To make the bricks, the scientists used a lunar soil simulant (模拟月壤). The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks. They also have special structures, which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together. Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST said that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil composition (成分) and used three ways to harden them. In this way they could choose the best materials for making the bricks. “Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon,” Zhou said. “For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang’e-5, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩).” The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme (极端的) environment. Quakes often happen there. And it gets as hot as 180 ℃ during the day and as cold as -190 ℃ at night. The lunar bricks have been sent to China’s space station on the “Tianzhou-8” spacecraft. There, scientists carried out tests to see how well the bricks work in space. The first bricks returned to Earth on November 14th, 2025. 1. Which properly shows the strength comparison of lunar bricks and red bricks? A． B． C． D． 2. How did scientists find the best materials for making lunar bricks? A．They learned about lunar soil from scientific reports. B．They compared different bricks used widely nowadays. C．They read many books about ancient Chinese buildings. D．They did many tests on simulated lunar soil and treated it in different ways. 3. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．The introduction of China’s “Tianzhou-8” spacecraft. B．The reasons why lunar bricks need to be tested in space. C．The temperature difference on the moon between day and night. D．The time when the first lunar bricks returned to Earth. 4. Which of the following best explains the purpose of developing “lunar bricks” according to Paragraph 1? A．To study the composition of lunar soil. B．To build a research station on the moon. C．To test the technology of making bricks in space. D．To improve the strength of normal red bricks. 5. What is most probably the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 11 Have you ever dreamed of travelling in space? For many kids, staring at the stars leads to daydreams about what it would be like to be an astronaut. Just think about how amazing it would be to set foot on the moon or another planet! Although it sounds like it would be great fun to travel to outer space, it would be a lot of work too. Travelling to outer space needs lots and lots of preparation. Once you are in space, nothing can come on board the spaceship and nothing can go out. You must take all you need into outer space to keep yourself alive. Let’s call these things “inputs”, including food, water and oxygen. Every input creates an output. If you open a box of cookies for breakfast, what will you do with the box when it’s empty? Every piece of rubbish you create in space will remain on the ship with you. Your body will also output food and water. Since nothing can leave the spaceship, you will have to think of another way to deal with these bodily wastes. Even breathing creates an output: carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)! It’s true that plants depend on carbon dioxide in the same way humans depend on oxygen to breathe. However, plants have other input needs. If you take a banana tree with you, you will need to bring enough water to keep it alive. You must also consider another type of output rubbish in the ship after taking the fruit as snacks—the banana peel. See how carefully you have to plan for a trip to outer space? How can you plan your actions on Earth to have the least influence on the environment and your future? Not only do you have to think about all the things you’ll need, you will also have to consider the influence of those things because of the wastes they may create. 1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．It’s challenging to travel in space. B．It’s boring to live on the moon. C．It’s relaxing to stare at the stars. D．It’s difficult to be an astronaut. 2. What do we know about the input in space? A．It will make astronauts sleepy. B．It only means things to eat and drink. C．It is quite important to astronauts. D．It can help astronauts deal with rubbish. 3. Which of the following is an “output” according to Paragraph 3? A．Some cookies. B．Food and water. C．Your oxygen mask . D．The empty cookie box. 4. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The reason why breathing creates an output. B．A way to plant a banana tree in space successfully. C．The reason why plants depend on carbon dioxide D．A way to deal with carbon dioxide in the spaceship. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Prepare for a Trip to Outer Space B．How to Deal with Wastes in the Spaceship C．Differences Between Inputs and Outputs D．Different Ways to Deal with Wastes in Space Passage 12 So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kuafu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kuafu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called Kuafu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Space scientists. B．Satellites and spaceships. C．Public wishes for space exploration. D．Old stories and ancient famous people. 2. What do we know about Chang’e I according to the passage? A．It is China’s first man-made satellite. B．It carried the Jade Rabbit to the moon directly. C．It is named after the story Chang’e Flies to the Moon. D．It was the first satellite to communicate with the ground. 3. Why did the writer mention Mozi in the passage? A．To show Mozi was the greatest scientist in ancient China. B．To explain how China developed quantum communication. C．To prove ancient scientists knew more about space than modern ones. D．To give an example of naming a satellite after an ancient famous person. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A．All Chinese satellites are named after ancient stories or people. B．Ancient Chinese stories are more important than modern science. C．Naming satellites after ancient culture can make them work better. D．China’s traditional culture plays an important role in modern space technology. 5. What is the best structure of the passage? A．①②③④/⑤ B．①②③/④/⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①/②/③④/⑤ 15 / 15乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元话题精练 专题J906（说明文）单元话题 题型梯度特训（新教材人教版） Unit 6 Beyond Earth 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 内 容 提 要 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 – 6 二、 进阶提升 Passage 7 -12 Passage 1 Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. Many ancient cultures believed that these points of light were from gods or other mysterious worlds. However, as technology and science developed, we learnt the truth about stars. They are real places like our own sun, and they are further away than anyone imagined. The man-made object which has travelled furthest from Earth is Voyager 1. This spacecraft was launched in 1977. A special record with Earth’s sounds and pictures is carried on board, in case alien life finds it. It is 23.5 billion kilometres away from Earth now, but still far from the nearest star Proxima Centauri (4.2 light years away). Human space travel faces huge challenges. A trip to Mars takes 6–9 months. Visiting other stars would take hundreds of thousands of years. But scientists do not give up. They plan longer sleep trips and faster spacecraft. With global cooperation, we may reach stars one day. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1. What did ancient people think stars were? A．Other suns far away. B．Lights from gods and mysterious worlds. C．Small planets around Earth. D．Man-made spacecraft. 2. When was Voyager 1 sent into space? A．In 1969. B．In 1977. C．In 2017. D．In 2023. 3. What is on Voyager 1 for alien life? A．A map of Mars. B．A record of Earth’s sounds and pictures. C．A space suit. D．A small telescope. 4. How long does a trip to Mars take at present? A．About one month. B．4.2 light years. C．Six to nine months. D．Hundreds of years. 5. How do scientists hope to make star travel possible? A．Build bigger rovers on the moon. B．Develop faster spacecraft and long sleep journeys. C．Move all human beings to Mars at once. D．Send more satellites to take photos of stars. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了人类从古至今对恒星的探索认知，以及当前人类星际旅行面临的挑战和科学家为实现恒星旅行所规划的努力方向。 【详解】1. 第一段第二句提到“Many ancient cultures believed that these points of light were from gods or other mysterious worlds.”，可知古代文化认为星星来自神灵或其他神秘世界。 2. 第二段第二句提到“This spacecraft was launched in 1977.”，可知旅行者1号是在1977年发射的。 3. 第二段第三句提到“A special record with Earth's sounds and pictures is carried on board, in case alien life finds it.”，可知旅行者1号上携带了记录着地球声音和图片的特殊唱片。 4. 第三段第二句提到“A trip to Mars takes 6–9 months.”，可知目前去火星的旅行需要6到9个月。 5. 第三段倒数第二句提到“They plan longer sleep trips and faster spacecraft.”，可知科学家计划通过更长的睡眠旅行和更快的航天器来实现星际旅行。 Passage 2 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 China’s Journey to the Red Planet On July 23, 2020, China launched its first independent Mars mission, Tianwen-1. This marked the beginning of China’s journey to the red planet. The name “Tianwen” comes from a poem by Qu Yuan, meaning “questions to heaven,” reflecting humanity’s curiosity about the universe. The mission had three major goals: to orbit Mars, to land on its surface, and to explore it with a rover. This was a huge challenge because no other country had successfully achieved all three goals in a single first mission. But China did it. On May 15, 2021, the Tianwen-1 spacecraft reached Mars. It released the Zhurong rover, which successfully landed on the Martian surface. Zhurong is named after the Chinese god of fire, symbolizing the spirit of exploration. The rover began its journey across the Martian landscape, studying the geology and climate of the planet. Over the following months, Zhurong traveled many kilometers across the Martian surface. It sent back a large amount of valuable data and images of Mars. It found signs of water in the past, which is a key clue in the search for life. This discovery has greatly excited scientists around the world. China’s Mars mission shows how far the country has come in space technology. It also inspires young people to dream of exploring the unknown. As the mission continues, we can expect even more exciting discoveries in the future. 1. When was China’s Tianwen-1 mission launched? A．On May 15, 2021. B．On July 23, 2020. C．In 2008. D．In 2022. 2. What does the name “Tianwen” mean? A．Heavenly Palace. B．Questions to heaven. C．God of fire. D．Red planet. 3. What did Zhurong find on Mars that excited scientists? A．Signs of life. B．Signs of water in the past. C．A new planet. D．A space station. 4. What made China’s Mars mission especially impressive? A．It was the first Mars mission in history. B．It achieved three goals in a single first mission. C．It sent a rover to Mars. D．It was named after a poem. 5. What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To compare Mars missions from different countries. B．To introduce China’s first Mars mission and its achievements. C．To explain why Mars is important for future life. D．To describe the surface of Mars. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，标题为《中国的红色星球探索之旅》，主要介绍中国天问一号火星探测任务的发射、任务目标、祝融号火星车探测成果，以及该火星任务展现的航天技术水平与深远意义。 【详解】1. 原文第一段“On July 23, 2020, China launched its first independent Mars mission, Tianwen-1.”，可知天问一号发射时间为2020年7月23日。 2. 原文第一段“meaning "questions to heaven"”，直接给出“天问”的释义是向苍穹发问。 3. 原文第四段“It found signs of water in the past, which is a key clue in the search for life. This discovery has greatly excited scientists around the world.”，祝融号发现远古时期水存在的痕迹，令科学家振奋。 4. 原文第二段“This was a huge challenge because no other country had successfully achieved all three goals in a single first mission. But China did it.”，首次执行任务就完成三大目标，是这次火星任务格外令人赞叹的原因。 5. 全文围绕天问一号展开，介绍中国首次火星探测任务的实施过程、各项成就，B选项“To introduce China's first Mars mission and its achievements.”契合文章主旨。 Passage 3 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 How Far Can We Go into Space? What does the future of space exploration look like? Scientists believe that human beings will achieve great things in the coming decades. New technologies will be developed, and more discoveries will be made beyond Earth. Let’s take a look at the plans and possibilities. The Moon: A Starting Point The moon is the closest neighbor to Earth. It is believed that more lunar missions will be carried out in the near future. Plans to build a lunar base are already being discussed. Scientists believe that moon bases will be built where astronauts can live and do research. These bases will help us prepare for longer space journeys. Mars: The Next Frontier Mars is the planet that has attracted the most attention in recent years. It is hoped that a manned mission to Mars will follow in the future. However, human exploration of Mars is not an easy task. It will require a lot of careful planning and preparation. Scientists are working on technologies to support human life on Mars. It is thought that if there is water on Mars, there might also be alien life. Beyond the Solar System Is it possible for humans to go beyond our solar system? Scientists believe that new telescopes and spacecraft will be developed to explore distant stars and galaxies. Exoplanets that could support life will be discovered. Although this is far in the future, researchers are already making plans. The technology that will be used for such journeys is still being developed. The Power of Cooperation One thing is clear: no single country can achieve these goals alone. International cooperation will be the key to the future of space exploration. Countries will work together, share knowledge and resources, and push the boundaries of what is possible. The space station is a good example of what can be achieved when nations cooperate. 1. According to the passage, what will be built on the moon in the future? A．Space telescopes. B．Lunar bases. C．Research stations. D．Mars rovers. 2. Why is Mars considered “the next frontier” for space exploration? A．Because it is the closest planet to Earth. B．Because it has attracted the most attention. C．Because it may have water and alien life. D．Both B and C． 3. What does the passage say about exploring beyond the solar system? A．It will happen very soon. B．It is considered impossible. C．New telescopes and spacecraft will be developed. D．Only one country can achieve it. 4. According to the passage, what is the key to the future of space exploration? A．Advanced technology. B．Enough money. C．International cooperation. D．More astronauts. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A．The history of space exploration. B．Plans and possibilities for future space exploration. C．The importance of the moon base. D．How to become an astronaut. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B 【导语】本文是说明文，全面讲解未来太空探索的规划与可能性。 【详解】1. 根据The Moon板块中“Plans to build a lunar base are already being discussed. Scientists believe that moon bases will be built”可知，会建造月球基地，对应选项B。 2. 根据Mars板块中“Mars is the planet that has attracted the most attention in recent years”和“It is thought that if there is water on Mars, there might also be alien life”可知，选项B、C 都符合原文。 3. 根据Beyond the Solar System板块中“Scientists believe that new telescopes and spacecraft will be developed to explore distant stars and galaxies.”直接提取答案。 4. 根据The Power of Cooperation板块中“International cooperation will be the key to the future of space exploration.”可知，核心关键词是international cooperation。 5. 根据原文开篇总起句“Let’s take a look at the plans and possibilities”可知，全文围绕未来太空探索的各类规划与可行方向展开，对应选项B。 Passage 4 The Importance of Space Exploration Space exploration has become an important part of modern science. Many countries are investing in space programs. Why is space exploration so important? First, it helps us understand the universe. By studying other planets, stars, and galaxies, we learn more about how the universe works. This knowledge can help us understand the origins of life and the future of our planet. Second, space exploration leads to new technologies. Many inventions we use today, such as GPS, satellite communication, and weather forecasting, were developed because of space research. These technologies have greatly improved our lives. Third, space exploration inspires people. It encourages young people to study science, technology, engineering, and math. Many astronauts and scientists were inspired by space missions when they were children. Finally, space exploration may be necessary for the survival of the human race. As the Earth’s population grows and resources become limited, we may need to find new resources or even a new planet to live on. 1. How does space exploration help us understand the universe? A．By sending people to the moon. B．By studying other planets, stars, and galaxies. C．By building more telescopes. D．By launching satellites. 2. What are some technologies that were developed because of space research? A．GPS and satellite communication. B．Computers and smartphones. C．Cars and airplanes. D．Trains and ships. 3. Why does space exploration inspire young people? A．Because they can become astronauts. B．Because it encourages them to study science and technology. C．Because they can travel to space. D．Because it is exciting. 4. What might be necessary for the survival of the human race? A．Building more cities. B．Finding new resources or a new planet. C．Stopping space exploration. D．Using more technology. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A．Space exploration is too expensive and should be stopped. B．Space exploration has many important benefits for humanity. C．Space exploration is only about sending people to the moon. D．Space exploration is not important for our daily lives. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B 【导语】本文分别从帮助理解宇宙、带来新技术、激励年轻人学习科技以及关乎人类生存四个方面阐述了太空探索的重要性，即太空探索对人类有许多重要的益处。 【详解】1. 原文第二段明确说明“By studying other planets, stars, and galaxies, we learn more about how the universe works.”，太空探索通过研究其他天体帮助我们理解宇宙。 2. 原文第三段提到“Many inventions we use today, such as GPS, satellite communication, and weather forecasting, were developed because of space research.”，GPS 和卫星通信是太空研究带来的技术。 3. 原文第四段指出太空探索“It encourages young people to study science, technology, engineering, and math.”，太空探索激励年轻人的原因是鼓励他们学习科技相关知识。 4. 原文最后一段说明地球资源有限的背景下，人类生存可能需要“As the Earth’s population grows and resources become limited, we may need to find new resources or even a new planet to live on.”，为了人类种族的生存，寻找新资源或新星球可能是必要的。 5. 通读全文可知，文章分别从帮助理解宇宙、带来新技术、激励年轻人学习科技以及关乎人类生存四个方面阐述了太空探索的重要性，即太空探索对人类有许多重要的益处。 Passage 5 On October 30, 2025, China announced the three-member astronaut team for Shenzhou-21: Zhang Lu (commander), Wu Fei and Zhang Hongzhang. They will launch at 23:44 on October 31 and stay in space for about six months. The team mixes experienced and young members, ensuring a safe and energetic mission. The Three Astronauts and Their Jobs Each has a unique role, and their skills complement each other perfectly. Commander Zhang Lu, born in 1976, is the most experienced. He flew on Shenzhou-15 in 2022 and won honors for his work. As leader, he will control the spaceship and handle emergencies, keeping the mission safe with his expertise. Engineer Wu Fei, the 1993-born youngest member, makes his first space trip. He excels at space equipment—installing and fixing outdoor devices, which fits the mission’s needs. Payload (有效载荷) Specialist Zhang Hongzhang (born 1986), a doctor, leads 27 space experiments. These will deepen our knowledge of life and materials in space. How to Become an Astronaut? Becoming an astronaut is tough. Strict rules apply: height 1.65-1.75m, weight ≤80kg (heavy weight wastes rocket fuel). They must pass hard tests: 8G gravity in a centrifuge (离心机), low-pressure room training, plus good teamwork. Only top candidates qualify. The Mission’s Highlights Shenzhou-21 has two key goals: replacing the Shenzhou-20 team (who set a 188-day record) and doing research. A highlight is China’s first space experiment with four mice. Astronauts will study how weightlessness affects them, and the mice will return to Earth. They will also install space-junk protection equipment and test smart space technology, boosting China’s space development. A New Journey for China’s Space Dream China’s manned space program has completed 36 missions; Shenzhou-21 is the 37th. The team’s mix shows our space cause is thriving. With the spaceship and rocket ready, the three astronauts await launch. Their six-month journey carries China’s space hopes, writing a new chapter. 1. What can we know about Zhang Lu from the passage? A．He is the youngest in the team. B．He once flew on Shenzhou-15. C．He is a payload specialist. D．He will do 27 space experiments. 2. Why do astronauts have strict height and weight rules? A．To keep them healthy in space. B．To save rocket fuel. C．To fit the spaceship’s seats. D．To make teamwork easier. 3. What can we infer from the passage? A．China’s space program is developing well. B．Shenzhou-21 will stay in space longer than 188 days. C．Wu Fei has more space experience than Zhang Lu. D．The four mice will stay in space forever. 4. The underlined word “thriving” in the part “A New Journey for China’s Space Dream” probably means ________. A．failing B．growing well C．slowing down D．becoming difficult 5. What’s the best title for the passage? A．How to Become a Great Astronaut B．China’s First Space Mouse Experiment C．Shenzhou-21: Astronauts and Their Mission D．The History of China’s Manned Space Program 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 【导语】本文介绍了神舟二十一号乘组三名航天员的基本情况、分工职责、航天员选拔严苛标准、本次任务核心亮点，以及此次载人航天任务对于中国航天事业发展的重要意义。 【详解】1. “The Three Astronauts and Their Jobs”部分提到：“Commander Zhang Lu…He flew on Shenzhou-15 in 2022”，表明张陆曾乘坐神舟十五号飞行。 2. “How to Become an Astronaut?”部分提到：“weight ≤80kg (heavy weight wastes rocket fuel)”，表明体重限制是为了避免浪费火箭燃料，即节省燃料。 3. 最后一段提到：“China’s manned space program has completed 36 missions; Shenzhou-21 is the 37th. The team’s mix shows our space cause is thriving”，表明中国太空计划已完成多次任务且蓬勃发展，可推知中国航天事业发展态势良好。 4. 最后一段提到：“China’s manned space program has completed 36 missions; Shenzhou-21 is the 37th. The team’s mix shows our space cause is thriving”，表明中国载人航天已完成36次任务，神舟二十一号是第37次，且文中语境积极，因此thriving与growing well“发展良好”意思相近。 5. 文章主要介绍了神舟二十一号的航天员阵容、各自职责、选拔标准以及任务亮点和意义，C项“Shenzhou-21: Astronauts and Their Mission”最能概括全文内容。 Passage 6 The universe is everything around us. It includes space, all the matter and energy in space, and even time. The stars like the Sun and planets like Earth are part of it. These planets go around the Sun, which is just one star among billions. The Moon is not a planet. It circles Earth and is also part of this huge system. Scientists say the solar system is about 4.6 billion years old. They found this by studying rocks and small space stones. Earth seems permanent, but it’s not. The Sun, much bigger than Earth, will change too, possibly growing large enough to take in nearby planets like Earth one day. The universe is about 13.8 billion years old. Scientists found this by looking at old stars and how fast the universe is getting bigger. ________ This surprises scientists, because they expected gravity to slow the stars down. Earth and humans are very young compared to the universe. Life on Earth has been around for 3.8 billion years, but humans have only been here for about 300,000 years. That’s a tiny bit of time—like a second in a whole year! We’ve explored only our own solar system, and even then, we haven’t seen all the planets and moons. With new technology and curiosity, we keep learning about the universe. How did the universe begin? Are there other planets with life? Though space is big and full of secrets, each discovery helps us understand our place in it. The more we learn, the more we want to explore. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1. What is the Moon according to the passage? A．A planet that goes around the Sun. B．A star like the Sun in the universe. C．A body that circles around Earth. D．A form of energy in space. 2. What does the underlined word “permanent” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Long. B．Endless. C．Ancient. D．Important. 3. Which of the following can be put in “ ________” in Paragraph 3? A．Most stars far away from us are moving faster and faster. B．Some stars near us are getting smaller and smaller. C．All stars in the universe stay in one place. D．Few stars can be seen with scientists’ tools. 4. Which of the following most probably shows the right timeline? A． B． C． D． 5. What is the best title for the passage? A．Earth’s Long Life B．The Secrets of the Universe C．Scientists’ Study of the Stars D．The Universe and Our Place in It 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了宇宙的组成、太阳系的年龄、地球和人类的起源以及科学家对宇宙的探索。 【详解】1. 根据第一段“The Moon is not a planet. It circles Earth and is also part of this huge system.”可知，月球是围绕地球运转的天体。 2. 根据第二段“The Sun, much bigger than Earth, will change too, possibly growing large enough to take in nearby planets like Earth one day.”可知，太阳也会改变，它可能会吞噬像地球这样的邻近行星；结合前文“Earth seems permanent, but it’s not.”可推知，此处应表示地球看似永恒，但事实并非如此。因此permanent在此处的意思是endless“永恒的、无尽的”。 3. 根据第三段“This surprises scientists, because they expected gravity to slow the stars down.”可知，科学家原本预计引力会减慢恒星的速度。由此推知，空缺处应填入与恒星的速度相关的内容，A项“离我们很远的大多数恒星移动的速度越来越快。”符合语境。 4. 根据第二段“Scientists say the solar system is about 4.6 billion years old.”，第三段“The universe is about 13.8 billion years old.”以及第四段“Life on Earth has been around for 3.8 billion years, but humans have only been here for about 300,000 years.”可知，正确的时间线是：宇宙→太阳系→地球上的生命→人类。 5. 根据全文内容，文章不仅介绍了宇宙的组成和年龄，还讨论了地球、人类以及科学家对宇宙的探索，强调了人类在宇宙中的位置，因此选项D“宇宙和我们在其中的位置”是最佳标题。 Passage 7 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 The Mystery of the Universe Have you ever looked up at the night sky and wondered what is out there? For thousands of years, humans have been curious about the universe. This curiosity has driven us to explore the unknown, leading to some of the greatest discoveries in history. Why Do We Explore? There are several reasons why humans explore space. First, exploring space helps us understand the origin of the universe and our place in it. By studying stars, planets, and galaxies, we learn about the history of the universe and how it was formed. Second, space exploration leads to new technologies that improve our daily lives. Many inventions we use today, such as memory foam and LED lighting, were originally developed for space programs. Third, space exploration inspires us. When we see astronauts in space or rovers on Mars, we are reminded that humans are capable of amazing things. The Role of Curiosity Curiosity is perhaps the most important driver of space exploration. This curiosity is what makes us human—the desire to know what is beyond the horizon and in the stars. Every great discovery in history has been driven by curiosity. Without it, we would never have landed on the moon or sent rovers to Mars. What Does the Future Hold? In the future, more advanced telescopes will be developed to observe distant galaxies. New spacecraft will be built to carry astronauts further into space. It is hoped that one day, human beings will set foot on Mars. The possibilities are endless, and the journey has only just begun. 1. What does the underlined word “curiosity” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．The desire to know something. B．The fear of the unknown. C．The need for more money. D．The wish to travel. 2. According to the passage, space exploration has led to new technologies such as ________. A．memory foam and LED lighting B．paper and printing C．cars and airplanes D．computers and smartphones 3. What is the most important driver of space exploration according to the passage? A．The need for resources. B．The desire for fame. C．Human curiosity. D．International competition. 4. What does the author think about the future of space exploration? A．It will stop because it costs too much. B．It will continue to make new discoveries. C．Only robots will explore space. D．Humans will never leave Earth. 5. What is the structure of this passage? A．Introduction → Reasons → Examples → Conclusion. B．Question → Answers → Problems → Solutions. C．Story → Characters → Events → Ending. D．Opinion → Evidence → Counter-argument → Restatement. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 【导语】本文围绕宇宙探索展开，介绍人类探索太空的原因、好奇心的驱动作用以及太空探索充满无限可能的未来。 【详解】1. 第三段给出释义：“This curiosity is what makes us human—the desire to know what is beyond the horizon and in the stars”，由此可知“curiosity”指想要了解事物的渴望。 2. 第二段列举成果：“Many inventions we use today, such as memory foam and LED lighting, were originally developed for space programs.”，可知太空探索催生了记忆棉与LED照明这类新技术。 3. 第三段点明主旨：“Curiosity is perhaps the most important driver of space exploration”，说明人类好奇心是太空探索最重要的驱动力。 4. 第四段表达观点：“The possibilities are endless, and the journey has only just begun”，作者认为太空探索会持续不断产生新发现。 5. 文章先以问句引入宇宙探索话题，接着阐述探索太空的理由、好奇心的作用，再展望未来，整体结构为引入→理由→实例→总结。 Passage 8 On April 24, 1970, the first satellite of China, Dongfanghong-1, took off. 55 years later, the much larger and higher-level Shenzhou-20 manned spaceship took off on the same date. While Dongfanghong-1 is China’s first small step in space, Shenzhou-20 now can carry astronauts and perform scientific tests, showing China’s great steps forward. As one of the key advances (进步) of this mission, the Long March-2F rocket has made 32 technical improvements. One of them is the telemetry system (遥测系统). In the past, scientists stored important information in a “black box” (a special recorder) and studied it after its return. But now, the new system collects it by using cameras and sensors (传感器) on the tower in some key locations. With a transmission rate (传输率) of 5 Mbps, it can send around 100 A4sized pages of documents (文件) every second. This allows flight information to be collected and sent back to Earth in real time during the whole mission. Later, China plans to carry out more manned missions and supply missions. If these are achieved, the space station will be able to run over 180 science programs including life science and other fields. At the same time, China is working toward landing astronauts on the moon before 2030. And new rockets and spaceships are being tested to make sure they are safe. All these steps show China’s dream to reach deep space and share knowledge with the world. China’s space journey grows more promising every day. Each mission shows not just scientific achievements but also the realization of a centuriesold dream. 1. How does the writer show China’s progress in space in Paragraph 1? A．By comparing facts. B．By giving examples. C．By telling a story. D．By asking questions. 2. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The tests. B．The missions. C．The rockets. D．The improvements. 3. Which of the following can help scientists to collect information now? A． B． C． D． 4. Which is NOT China’s main space plan? A．Building a new system for the mission. B．Sending supplies to the space station. C．Landing astronauts on the moon. D．Testing rockets and spaceships. 5. What could be the best title of this passage? A．Shenzhou-20: A New Step in China’s Space Work B．Stories of China’s First Satellite, Dongfanghong-1 C．The Life of Chinese Astronauts in the Space Station D．The Future Improvements of Long March Rockets 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国航天事业的发展历程，对比了早期的“东方红一号”与现在的“神舟二十号”载人飞船，并详细阐述了长征二号F火箭的重大技术改进，最后展望了中国未来的空间站任务及载人登月目标。 【详解】1. 第一段提到：“On April 24, 1970, the first satellite of China, Dongfanghong-1, took off. 55 years later, the much larger and higher-level Shenzhou-20 manned spaceship took off on the same date.”。文章通过对比这两次航天任务，展现了中国航天事业的进步。 2. 根据第二段第一、二句：“As one of the key advances of this mission, the Long March-2F rocket has made 32 technical improvements. One of them is the telemetry system…”。从逻辑上推断，“them”指代的就是前文提到的“32 technical improvements”。 3. 根据文章第二段：“But now, the new system collects it by using cameras and sensors on the tower in some key locations.”。选项A是航天遥测接收天线，属于当下信息收集的配套设备，符合这一描述。 4. 题干要求选出“不是”中国主要航天计划的一项。根据文章第三段“China plans to carry out more manned missions and supply missions.”（对应B项）、“China is working toward landing astronauts on the moon before 2030.”（对应C项）以及“And new rockets and spaceships are being tested…”（对应D项）可知，B、C、D三项均属于文章中明确提及的未来计划或正在推进的步骤。而根据第二段中的描述可知，为任务构建的新系统（遥测系统）是目前已经完成并投入使用的技术改进，不属于未来的“主计划”。 5. 文章通过对比“东方红一号”和“神舟二十号”，重点展示了中国航天技术在近55年来的巨大进步与未来发展目标，选项A“Shenzhou-20: A New Step in China’s Space Work”最能概括全文关于中国航天飞速发展的核心内容。 Passage 9 So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see , China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called Kua Fu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites , we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1. In China , space scientists get ideas from ________  when naming satellites. ①old stories   ②traditional projects    ③ancient famous people     ④popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．①④ 2. How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 3? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By reporting a result 3. Which is the right structure of the passage?  (①= Paragraph 1 ②= Paragraph 2, …) A． B． C． D． 4. What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D．To spread the traditional Chinese culture. 5. In which section of a newspaper can we read the text? A．Public Service B．Science World C．Green Lifestyle D．Healthy Life 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 【导语】本文开篇总述中国航天器命名灵感源自古老传说与古代名人，第二段举嫦娥、玉兔、夸父项目(古老传说)，第三段举墨子号(古代名人)作为例证，尾段总结传统文化对现代航天科技的深远影响。 【详解】1. 根据原文第1段“Space scientists have been greatly inspired by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names.”，灵感来源是①old stories、③ancient famous people，对应B选项。 2. 第3段以古代科学家墨子和墨子号量子卫星为例展开论述，写作手法是举例子(By giving an example)。 3. 文章结构：①总起段；②、③分述两类命名灵感；⑤总结段，总分总结构，对应A图示。 4. 根据尾段“we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology.”，作者写作目的是说明中国传统文化如何影响航天科学。 5. 文章围绕航天、卫星、量子科技展开，属于报纸“科学天地”板块。 Passage 10 On Earth, we use bricks (砖块) to build houses, but what about building things on the moon? We use “lunar bricks”, of course! Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a research station on the moon. To make the bricks, the scientists used a lunar soil simulant (模拟月壤). The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks. They also have special structures, which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together. Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST said that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil composition (成分) and used three ways to harden them. In this way they could choose the best materials for making the bricks. “Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon,” Zhou said. “For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang’e-5, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩).” The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme (极端的) environment. Quakes often happen there. And it gets as hot as 180 ℃ during the day and as cold as -190 ℃ at night. The lunar bricks have been sent to China’s space station on the “Tianzhou-8” spacecraft. There, scientists carried out tests to see how well the bricks work in space. The first bricks returned to Earth on November 14th, 2025. 1. Which properly shows the strength comparison of lunar bricks and red bricks? A． B． C． D． 2. How did scientists find the best materials for making lunar bricks? A．They learned about lunar soil from scientific reports. B．They compared different bricks used widely nowadays. C．They read many books about ancient Chinese buildings. D．They did many tests on simulated lunar soil and treated it in different ways. 3. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．The introduction of China’s “Tianzhou-8” spacecraft. B．The reasons why lunar bricks need to be tested in space. C．The temperature difference on the moon between day and night. D．The time when the first lunar bricks returned to Earth. 4. Which of the following best explains the purpose of developing “lunar bricks” according to Paragraph 1? A．To study the composition of lunar soil. B．To build a research station on the moon. C．To test the technology of making bricks in space. D．To improve the strength of normal red bricks. 5. What is most probably the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. D 【导语】本文介绍华科大研发月壤砖，其强度远超红砖，科学家通过模拟月壤实验优选原料，砖块经太空极端环境测试，有望用于搭建月球科研站。 【详解】1. 原文第二段：“The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks.”，月壤砖强度是普通红砖的三倍以上。柱状图里代表lunar bricks的柱子要远高于red bricks，对应图D。 2. 原文第三段：“they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil composition and used three ways to harden them.”，科学家测试五种模拟月壤配方，并使用三种硬化方式做实验，以此选出最优材料。D对模拟月壤开展大量实验，用不同方式处理，符合原文。 3. 原文第四段：先介绍月球昼夜温差极大、多发震动的极端恶劣环境，以此说明月壤砖必须经过太空实测的必要性，再补充搭载飞船测试、砖块返回地球的相关信息。段落核心是解释月壤砖太空测试的原因。 4. 原文第一段：“They hope to use the bricks to build a research station on the moon.”，研发月壤砖的目的是在月球建造科研站。 5. 文章第①段总述月壤砖的研发背景与用途；②③④段分别从砖块自身特点、材料实验、太空测试三个独立角度分层展开说明，属于“总—分”结构，①统领②③④，对应选项B图示。 Passage 11 Have you ever dreamed of travelling in space? For many kids, staring at the stars leads to daydreams about what it would be like to be an astronaut. Just think about how amazing it would be to set foot on the moon or another planet! Although it sounds like it would be great fun to travel to outer space, it would be a lot of work too. Travelling to outer space needs lots and lots of preparation. Once you are in space, nothing can come on board the spaceship and nothing can go out. You must take all you need into outer space to keep yourself alive. Let’s call these things “inputs”, including food, water and oxygen. Every input creates an output. If you open a box of cookies for breakfast, what will you do with the box when it’s empty? Every piece of rubbish you create in space will remain on the ship with you. Your body will also output food and water. Since nothing can leave the spaceship, you will have to think of another way to deal with these bodily wastes. Even breathing creates an output: carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)! It’s true that plants depend on carbon dioxide in the same way humans depend on oxygen to breathe. However, plants have other input needs. If you take a banana tree with you, you will need to bring enough water to keep it alive. You must also consider another type of output rubbish in the ship after taking the fruit as snacks—the banana peel. See how carefully you have to plan for a trip to outer space? How can you plan your actions on Earth to have the least influence on the environment and your future? Not only do you have to think about all the things you’ll need, you will also have to consider the influence of those things because of the wastes they may create. 1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．It’s challenging to travel in space. B．It’s boring to live on the moon. C．It’s relaxing to stare at the stars. D．It’s difficult to be an astronaut. 2. What do we know about the input in space? A．It will make astronauts sleepy. B．It only means things to eat and drink. C．It is quite important to astronauts. D．It can help astronauts deal with rubbish. 3. Which of the following is an “output” according to Paragraph 3? A．Some cookies. B．Food and water. C．Your oxygen mask . D．The empty cookie box. 4. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The reason why breathing creates an output. B．A way to plant a banana tree in space successfully. C．The reason why plants depend on carbon dioxide D．A way to deal with carbon dioxide in the spaceship. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Prepare for a Trip to Outer Space B．How to Deal with Wastes in the Spaceship C．Differences Between Inputs and Outputs D．Different Ways to Deal with Wastes in Space 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. A 【导语】本文介绍太空旅行需要极其周密的计划。 【详解】1. 第一段讲到太空旅行听起来很棒，第二段说“it would be a lot of work too. Travelling to outer space needs lots and lots of preparation.”，说明太空旅行具有挑战性。 2. 第三段提到“You must take all you need into outer space to keep yourself alive... including food, water and oxygen.”，说明“input” (输入) 对宇航员非常重要。 3. 第三段提到“If you open a box of cookies for breakfast, what will you do with the box when it’s empty? Every piece of rubbish you create in space will remain on the ship with you.”，所以空的饼干盒是“output” (输出/废物)。 4. 第四段讨论了呼吸产生的二氧化碳以及如何处理香蕉树带来的各种需求 (水) 和废物 (香蕉皮)，说明本段讲的是如何处理飞船中的二氧化碳。 5. 全文围绕太空旅行需要准备“输入”和处理“输出”废物展开，强调周密计划的重要性，所以最佳标题是“如何为太空旅行做准备”，选项A正确。B“如何处理飞船中的废物”只是部分内容；C“输入和输出的区别”不完整；D“在太空中处理废物的不同方式”也是部分内容。 Passage 12 So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kuafu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kuafu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called Kuafu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Space scientists. B．Satellites and spaceships. C．Public wishes for space exploration. D．Old stories and ancient famous people. 2. What do we know about Chang’e I according to the passage? A．It is China’s first man-made satellite. B．It carried the Jade Rabbit to the moon directly. C．It is named after the story Chang’e Flies to the Moon. D．It was the first satellite to communicate with the ground. 3. Why did the writer mention Mozi in the passage? A．To show Mozi was the greatest scientist in ancient China. B．To explain how China developed quantum communication. C．To prove ancient scientists knew more about space than modern ones. D．To give an example of naming a satellite after an ancient famous person. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A．All Chinese satellites are named after ancient stories or people. B．Ancient Chinese stories are more important than modern science. C．Naming satellites after ancient culture can make them work better. D．China’s traditional culture plays an important role in modern space technology. 5. What is the best structure of the passage? A．①②③④/⑤ B．①②③/④/⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①/②/③④/⑤ 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国航天器以古代故事和人物命名的文化传统及其意义。 【详解】1. 由第一段“Space scientists have been greatly inspired…when giving them names”可知，太空科学家在给“它们”命名时受到了启发。结合前一句“China has successfully sent a large number of satellites and spaceships into space”可知，科学家是给发射入太空的“卫星和宇宙飞船”命名，因此，“them”指代前文的“satellites and spaceships”（卫星和飞船）。 2. 由第二段“China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I”及“named after the Jade Rabbit…old stories carry people‘s best wishes”可知，嫦娥一号以“嫦娥奔月”的故事命名。 3. 由第四段“Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people”及“China’s first quantum science satellite was named Mozi”可知，作者提到墨子是为了举例说明以古代名人命名卫星的做法。 4. 由最后一段“we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology”可知，中国传统文化对现代航天科技有着重要影响。 5. 文章结构为：第一段引出话题；第二、三、四段分别举例说明以古代故事和人物命名航天器；第五段总结。 21 / 21乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $