专题J908 Unit 8 More than a Game（说明文）【题型易-阅读理解精练】2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册（广东专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦“体育与运动”主题，分初阶、进阶梯度设计说明文阅读训练，系统提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |初阶练手|6篇（如奥运城市条件、2028新增奥运项目）|以细节理解、简单词义猜测为主，考查基础信息定位|围绕体育事件基本要素（时间、地点、原因等），构建说明文基础认知框架| |进阶提升|6篇（如北京双奥意义、冲浪历史、重力原理）|增加主旨归纳、推理判断及复杂结构分析，融入跨学科知识|从具体体育事件延伸至文化意义与科学原理，形成“现象-本质-价值”的逻辑链条，培养深度思维与文化意识|

单元话题精练 专题J908（说明文）单元话题 题型梯度特训（新教材人教版） Unit 8 More than a Game 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 内 容 提 要 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 – 6 二、 进阶提升 Passage 7 -12 Passage 1 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 What Makes a City Olympic-Ready? Hosting the Olympic Games is one of the greatest achievements for any city. But what qualities does a city need to host such a major event? Here are some key factors. Strong Infrastructure A host city must have excellent facilities. This includes stadiums, transport systems, and accommodation for athletes and visitors. Beijing already had many stadiums from the 2008 Summer Olympics, which were reused for the 2022 Winter Games. This saved money and resources. Support from Citizens Volunteers play a vital role in the Olympics. They help guide visitors, provide information, and make everyone feel welcome. In Beijing, many citizens volunteered their time and energy to help during both Games. Their hard work and pride in their city made a big difference. International Cooperation No country can host the Olympics alone. International cooperation is essential. Countries work together to share knowledge, resources, and experience. The Olympics also show how different nations can come together for peace and harmony. A Spirit of Unity Perhaps the most important quality is a spirit of unity. The Olympics are about bringing people together, not just about winning. The mottos of the Beijing Olympics—“One World, One Dream” and “Together for a Shared Future”—capture this idea perfectly. 1. What does the underlined word “infrastructure” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Basic facilities like stadiums and transport systems. B．Financial resources. C．Cultural traditions. D．Volunteer services. 2. Why did Beijing reuse stadiums from 2008 for the 2022 Games? A．Because they were the only ones available. B．Because it saved money and resources. C．Because they were more modern. D．Because visitors preferred them. 3. What role did volunteers play in the Beijing Olympics? A．They competed in the events. B．They helped guide visitors and provided information. C．They designed the stadiums. D．They created the mottos. 4. According to the passage, why is international cooperation important for hosting the Olympics? A．Because it helps share knowledge, resources, and experience. B．Because it increases competition. C．Because it saves time. D．Because it reduces costs. 5. What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain why Beijing was chosen to host the Olympics. B．To describe what makes a city suitable to host the Olympics. C．To compare the 2008 and 2022 Olympics. D．To introduce the history of the Olympics. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一座城市具备哪些条件才能承办奥运会，并以北京两届奥运会为例展开说明。 【详解】1. 根据第二段中“A host city must have excellent facilities. This includes stadiums, transport systems, and accommodation for athletes and visitors.”可知，infrastructure指体育场、交通系统这类基础配套设施。 2. 根据第二段中“Beijing already had many stadiums from the 2008 Summer Olympics, which were reused for the 2022 Winter Games. This saved money and resources.”可知，北京重复利用场馆是为了节约资金与资源。 3. 根据第三段中“Volunteers play a vital role in the Olympics. They help guide visitors, provide information, and make everyone feel welcome.”可知，志愿者负责引导游客、提供信息。 4. 根据第四段中“Countries work together to share knowledge, resources, and experience.”可知，国际合作便于各国共享知识、资源和经验。 5. 根据第一段中“But what qualities does a city need to host such a major event? Here are some key factors.”可知，文章主旨是阐述什么样的城市适合举办奥运会。 Passage 2 Here are some new sports that will appear at the Olympic Games Los Angeles 2028. There are world championships (锦标赛) for both men and women in both sports. But at the Olympics, baseball is a men’s-only sport while softball is a women’s-only sport. Baseball became a medal (奖牌) sport at the Olympics in 1992 while softball at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Flag football is similar to American football. Each flag football team has five players. In 2028, flag football will be at the Olympics for the first time. Cricket is a ball game played by two teams, and each team usually has eleven players. The sport has got over 2.5 billion fans around the world. It’ll be at the 2028 Olympics again since it appeared at the 1900 Olympics in Paris for the first time. Lacrosse is a team sport, which can have six or ten players on each team. At the 2028 Olympics, there will be six players in each team. Lacrosse is not new to the Olympics. It was played at the 1904 and 1908 Olympics. Squash is a sport played in a four-walled court (球场) by two players or four for doubles with a rubber ball. Players take turns hitting the ball against the front wall. It appeared in many games. But squash is finally an Olympic sport at the 2028 Olympics! ▲ Squash 1. When did baseball become a medal sport in the Olympics? A．In 1904. B．In 1908. C．In 1992. D．In 1996. 2. What can we know about lacrosse? A．It’s a new sport to the Olympics. B．It’s similar to American football. C．It has 2.5 billion fans around the world. D．At the 2028 Olympics, there will be 6 players on each team. 3. Which picture can be put in 　 ▲　? A． B． C． D． 4. Which sports will be played at the Olympics for the first time in 2028? A．Cricket and lacrosse. B．Squash and flag football. C．Lacrosse and squash. D．Lacrosse and basketball. 5. Where can we most probably read the text? A．In a science report. B．In a sports newspaper. C．In a fashion magazine. D．In a guidebook. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了2028年洛杉矶奥运会新增或重返的多个运动项目，包括它们的奥运参赛历史与项目特点，让读者了解这些项目的相关背景。 【详解】1. 根据原文第二段第三句“ Baseball became a medal (奖牌) sport at the Olympics in 1992 while softball at the 1996 Summer Olympics.” ，原句直接给出棒球成为奥运会奖牌项目的时间是1992年。 2. 原文第五段中对长曲球的描述“Lacrosse is a team sport, which can have six or ten players on each team. At the 2028 Olympics, there will be six players in each team.”可知，D选项原句直接说明2028年长曲棍球每队有6名选手。 3. 定位原文最后一段：“ Squash is a sport played in a four-walled court (球场) by two players or four for doubles with a rubber ball. Players take turns hitting the ball against the front wall.” ，原句描述壁球是在四面墙场地内击球的运动，选项里符合运动特征的图片对应选项A。 4. 第三段第一句“Flag football is similar to American football… flag football will be at the Olympics for the first time.”  以及最后一段在“Squash is finally an Olympic sport at the 2028 Olympics!” ，原句分别说明旗帜橄榄球和壁球是2028年首次进入奥运会的项目。 5. 全文围绕2028年奥运会的运动项目展开介绍，可能在体育报纸上看到本文。 Passage 3 On the evening of November 9, 2025, the opening ceremony of the 15th National Games of the People’s Republic of China started at the Guangdong Olympic Sports Center. As the first National Games co-hosted by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, it made a historic breakthrough. With the theme “Dreaming of the Future”, the nearly 20,000-square-meter stage had a “concentric circle(同心圆)” design and no complex machines. The cultural show was divided into three parts. It used advanced technologies like AR to show Lingnan Lion Dance, Cantonese Opera and Wing Chun (咏春) in a creative way. These shows made the audience feel a strong sense of patriotism(爱国主义) and a shared sense of cultural identity. Famous landmarks like the Canton Tower and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge were shown on the digital scroll(卷轴), which reflected the deep integration of the Greater Bay Area (大湾区). The mascots “Xiyangyang” and “Lerongrong” were designed after Chinese white dolphins. They had three colorful water droplets on their heads, which symbolized unity. The torch’s flame was collected from 1,522 meters under the South China Sea and passed around. Finally, three torchbearers(火炬手) from Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao — including the famous athlete Su Bingtian — lit the main cauldron together. Singers ended the ceremony wonderfully with the theme song “One Heart Under Heaven”. A total of 14,252 athletes and nearly 50,000 volunteers took part in the games. The opening ceremony was more than a sports event. It perfectly showed the unique charm of the Greater Bay Area and China’s lively sporting spirit to the whole world. 1. What makes the 15th National Games special? A．It had the most athletes. B．It was held only in Guangdong. C．It used the most advanced technologies. D．It was co-hosted by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. 2. What can we infer about the “concentric circle” stage design? A．It was copied from other sports events. B．It needed many complex machines to build. C．It was too small for the cultural performance. D．It might symbolize unity among Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. 3. Why were Lingnan Lion Dance, Cantonese Opera and Wing Chun shown in the performance? A．To let foreign artists learn traditional Chinese arts. B．To show that these arts are more popular than others. C．To introduce traditional culture of the Greater Bay Area. D．To prove advanced technologies are better than traditional arts. 4. What can we learn about the 15th National Games from the passage? A．It has the most volunteers in the history of National Games. B．It will only be held in the Greater Bay Area in the future. C．It focuses more on cultural shows than sports competitions. D．It helps strengthen the connections among regions in the Greater Bay Area. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of the National Games in China. B．How the torch of the 15th National Games was relayed. C．The famous artists who performed at the opening ceremony. D．The introduction to the 15th National Games’ opening ceremony and its significance. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. D 【导语】文章介绍2025年11月9日第十五届全运会开幕式，本届赛事由粤港澳三地合办，围绕开幕式舞台设计、岭南文化展示、吉祥物与火炬仪式展开叙述，点明这场开幕式展现大湾区风貌与中国体育精神的重大意义。 【详解】1. 根据原文第1段“As the first National Games co-hosted by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, it made a historic breakthrough.”，本届全运会的特别之处在于由广东、香港、澳门联合承办。 2. 根据原文第二段舞台同心圆设计及文化表演内容、第三段吉祥物水滴象征团结，可推知同心圆设计或许象征粤港澳三地同心团结。 3. 根据原文第二段“It used advanced technologies like AR to show Lingnan Lion Dance, Cantonese Opera and Wing Chun (咏春) in a creative way...reflected the deep integration of the Greater Bay Area”可知节目是为展示大湾区传统地域文化。 4. 根据原文第二段“reflected the deep integration of the Greater Bay Area”、第三段三地火炬手共同点燃主火炬，可知赛事助力加强大湾区各地之间的联系。 5. 全文围绕第十五届全运会开幕式展开，介绍举办背景、舞台文化表演、吉祥物火炬流程，并阐述其展示大湾区魅力、传递体育精神的深层意义。 Passage 4 ①On Earth, we use bricks (砖块) to build houses, but what about building things on the moon?   ▲   Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a research station on the moon. ②To make the bricks, the scientists used a lunar soil simulant (模拟月壤). The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks. They also have special structures, which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together. ③Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST said that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil composition (成分) and used three ways to harden it. In this way they could choose the best materials for making the bricks. “Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon,” Zhou said. “For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang’e-5, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩).” ④The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme (极端的) environment. Quakes often happen there. And it gets as hot as 180℃ during the day and as cold as -190℃ at night. The lunar bricks were sent to China’s space station on the Tianzhou-8 spacecraft. There, scientists carried out tests to see how well the bricks work in space. 1. Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph ①? A．Scientists have found a solution! B．The question is too difficult to answer. C．Many people dream of going to the moon. D．Scientists may study the topic in the future! 2. Which properly shows the strength comparison of lunar bricks and red bricks? A． B． C． D． 3. How did scientists find the best materials for lunar bricks? A．They learned about lunar soil from scientific reports. B．They compared different bricks used widely nowadays. C．They read many books about ancient Chinese buildings. D．They did many tests on simulated lunar soil and treated it in different ways. 4. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A．The introduction of China’s Tianzhou-8 spacecraft. B．The reasons why lunar bricks need to be tested in space. C．The temperature difference on the moon between day and night. D．The time when the lunar bricks will return to Earth. 5. What is most probably the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了华中科技大学研发的“月球砖”，说明了它的制作材料、性能特点、筛选标准以及需要进行太空测试的原因。 【详解】1. 根据上下文，文章开头提出问题“On Earth, we use bricks to build houses, but what about building things on the moon?”，紧接着给出解决方案：“Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed ‘lunar bricks’.”，所以这里需要一个能引出下文的过渡句。A选项既回应了上文的问题，又起到了引出下文的过渡作用。 2. 文中第二段明确提到：“The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks.”，说明月球砖的强度是普通红砖的三倍多。 3. 根据第三段，科学家为了找到最佳材料，“...tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil composition and used three ways to harden it.”，也就是对模拟月壤进行了多次测试和不同方式的处理。 4. 第四段的核心内容是解释为什么月球砖必须先在太空测试：“The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme environment.”，所以本段主旨是说明测试的原因。 5. 第一段引出“月球砖”这一话题；第二段介绍制砖材料与砖的特性；第三段讲选制砖材料的方式；第四段阐述月球砖需太空测试的原因。整体为“总—分”结构，第一段总领全文，二、三、四段分别从不同方面阐述。 Passage 5 Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China, hosted the 9th Asian Winter Games from February 7th to 14th, 2025. This is the second time the city has held this event since 1996. 170 Chinese players competed in 64 events. Also, with the development of the events, the 9th Asian Winter Games included several new sports on the basis of the sports before. Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, Chinese people’s love for winter sports has greatly grown. And that has made winter sports more and more popular across the country. The torch (火炬) and anthem (会歌) for the 2025 Asian Winter Games in Harbin were first shown on October 30th, 2024. The torch named “Surging” is about 735 mm high. The topic of its design means that the 9th Asian Winter Games are filled with energy and passion (激情). The overall design of the torch combines international beauty with classical and modern Chinese art. The anthem for the Asian Winter Games is titled Snow in Harbin. It shows the dream of unity, friendship and working together to achieve peace and the development among the people of Asian countries and regions. The medals named “Spirit of Speed” for the Asian Winter Games were also introduced on the same day. The front of the medals mixes the shape of the racetrack (赛道) with the emblem of the 9th Asian Winter Games. This design shows the strength and beauty of competitive sports and the city’s special art taste. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1. When were the 9th Asian Winter Games held in Harbin? A．From January 7th to 14th, 2025. B．From February 7th to 14th, 2025. C．From January 4th to 17th, 2025. D．From February 4th to 17th, 2025. 2. What does the underlined word “that” refer to? A．The popularity of summer sports. B．The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. C．The 9th Asian Winter Games. D．Chinese people’s love for winter sports. 3. Which is correct about matching the following three things with their right names? ① The torch ② The anthem ③ The medals a. Ice and Fire b. Surging c. Spirit of Speed d. Snow in Harbin A．①-b, ②-d, ③-c B．①-c, ②-d, ③-b C．①-b, ②-d, ③-a D．①-b, ②-c, ③-a 4. What is the structure of the text? (① =Paragraph 1, ② =Paragraph 2, ...) A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②/③④⑤ C．①②③/④⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ 5. What is the main purpose of the text? A．To introduce the history of the Asian Winter Games. B．To show Chinese people’s love for winter sports. C．To introduce the 9th Asian Winter Games in Harbin. D．To compare the 9th Asian Winter Games with others. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 【导语】本文讲述了第9届亚冬会于2025年2月7日至14日在哈尔滨举办，中国派出170名选手参赛。火炬、会歌和奖牌于2024年10月30日亮相，设计融合冰雪运动精神、亚洲团结理念与中华艺术特色。 【详解】1. 第一段第一句“Harbin...hosted the 9th Asian Winter Games from February 7th to 14th, 2025.”表明，第九届亚冬会于2025年2月7日至14日举行。 2. 第二段中的句子“Chinese people’s love for winter sports has greatly grown. And that has made...”表明，“that”指代前一句提到的“中国人对冬季运动的热爱”。 3. 第三段中的句子“The torch named ‘Surging’”表明火炬名为Surging（①-b）；根据第四段中的句子“The anthem...is titled Snow in Harbin”表明会歌名为Snow in Harbin（②-d）；根据第五段中的句子“The medals named ‘Spirit of Speed’”表明奖牌名为Spirit of Speed（③-c）。对应选项A。 4. 第一段（①）介绍亚冬会基本信息；第二段（②）介绍背景（国人喜爱冰雪运动）；第三、四、五段（③④⑤）分别详细介绍火炬、会歌和奖牌。结构为①/②/③④⑤。 5. 全文围绕第九届哈尔滨亚冬会展开，介绍了举办时间、背景以及火炬、会歌、奖牌等具体信息，主要目的是介绍本届亚冬会。 Passage 6 Should Winning Be the Top Goal of Sports? Nowadays, many sports events focus too much on final scores. Coaches, parents and students often judge a game only by victory. Some young athletes feel stressed: if they fail to win, all their hard work seems meaningless. This makes people ignore the true meaning of sports. There is no doubt that winning brings joy and confidence. It is natural for every player to hope for good results. However, putting victory above everything will bring bad influences. Players may refuse to respect their opponents, fear challenges and give up trying once they fall behind. They will only care about scores instead of enjoying the whole process. Sports spirit lies in persistence, respect and self-improvement. When you keep training even if you are not good enough; when you shake hands with your opponent after losing; when you learn your weak points from defeat—these moments are far more valuable than a single win. For teenagers, sports are a lifelong hobby rather than a one-time competition. We can take victory as encouragement, but never treat it as the only goal. Remember: every sport is more than a game, and every effort counts more than a trophy. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1. What makes some young athletes feel great pressure? A．People only value winning and look down on failure. B．There are too few sports matches at school. C．They have no time to take part in training. D．Coaches never care about their scores. 2. What does the underlined word “self-improvement” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．自我提升 B．自我放弃 C．自我炫耀 D．自我安慰 3. What bad result will appear if we regard winning as everything? A．Players will respect opponents and enjoy training. B．Players may fear challenges and ignore the process. C．Players will keep trying no matter what happens. D．Players can learn a lot from every defeat. 4. Which opinion will the writer agree with? A．Victory is the only valuable thing in sports. B．Effort, spirit and progress are more important than winning. C．Losing matches means all training is useless. D．Teenagers should not join any competitive sports. 5. What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To discuss whether winning should be the top goal of sports and share proper sports values. B．To introduce different kinds of school sports matches. C．To ask students to stop taking part in all competitive games. D．To show the advantages of winning every sports match. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，点明体育精神的核心是坚持、尊重与自我提升，拼搏过程远比单次胜负更有价值，呼吁青少年树立正确体育观：胜利不能当作唯一目标，努力与体育精神远比奖杯更重要。 【详解】1. 第一段“many sports events focus too much on final scores...if they fail to win, all their hard work seems meaningless.”，大家只看重胜利，使运动员压力巨大。 2. 构词法拆解：self（自我）+improvement（提升、进步），直译“自我提升”。 后文也给出解释：从失败中找到自身短板、不断完善自己，进一步印证词义。 3. 第二段“putting victory above everything...Players may refuse to respect their opponents, fear challenges and give up trying once they fall behind.”，唯胜负论会让运动员不尊重对手、畏惧挑战、落后就放弃，只看重分数而忽略过程。 4. 全文核心观点：坚持、尊重、自我成长等品质，远比一场胜利重要。 5. 标题直接抛出论题“Should Winning Be the Top Goal of Sports?”，全文围绕该问题展开辩论，最后传递正确的体育价值观。 Passage 7 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Beijing: The First City of Two Olympics In 2022, Beijing made history. It became the first city ever to host both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. This achievement showed the world not only China’s progress but also the power of sports to unite people. The 2008 Summer Olympics was a turning point for China. The world watched in wonder as China opened its doors and showed its rich culture and rapid development. The motto “One World, One Dream” expressed the hope that people from different countries could live together in peace and harmony. The Games were a great success, with dramatic victories and unforgettable moments. Usain Bolt smiled his way across the finish line in the 100 metres, setting a new world record. Du Li won her second Olympic gold medal in a dramatic come-from-behind victory. Fourteen years later, Beijing hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics. Nearly 2,900 athletes attended and competed in 109 events in seven winter sports. The mascot Bing Dwen Dwen became very popular around the world. The motto “Together for a Shared Future” carried the same message as the 2008 motto—unity and hope. Hosting two Olympics brought challenges, but it also brought opportunities. Beijing’s success showed China’s achievements in reform and opening-up on the world stage. Both Games were made possible by the hard work of volunteers and citizens. They worked with pride to welcome people from around the world. Events like the Olympic Games build bridges between countries and form friendships between people. The Olympics are not just about sports—they are about celebrating the human spirit and bringing people together. 1. What made Beijing special in 2022? A．It hosted the largest sports event ever. B．It became the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympics. C．It had the most volunteers. D．It created the most records. 2. What did the motto “One World, One Dream” express? A．The hope for peace and harmony among people. B．The desire to win more medals. C．The need to build more sports centers. D．The plan to host more events. 3. How many athletes attended the 2022 Winter Olympics? A．About 1,900. B．About 2,900. C．About 3,900. D．About 4,900. 4. What does the phrase “build bridges” in the last paragraph mean? A．Build physical structures. B．Create connections and friendships. C．Compete against each other. D．Create barriers between people. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A．The history of the Olympic Games. B．Beijing’s achievement in hosting two Olympics. C．The life of Usain Bolt. D．The importance of volunteers. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了北京成为首个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市，以及两届奥运会的意义和影响。 【详解】1. 文章第一段第二句“It became the first city ever to host both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.”指出，北京在2022年成为首个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。 2. 文章第二段第三句“The motto ‘One World, One Dream’ expressed the hope that people from different countries could live together in peace and harmony.”指出，该口号表达了人们对和平与和谐共处的希望。 3. 文章第三段第二句“Nearly 2,900 athletes attended and competed in 109 events in seven winter sports.”指出，约2900名运动员参加了2022年冬奥会。 4. 文章最后一段第三句“Events like the Olympic Games build bridges between countries and form friendships between people.”指出，“build bridges”在此处意为建立联系和友谊。 5. 文章围绕北京举办2008年夏奥会和2022年冬奥会的成就展开，因此B项“北京举办两届奥运会的成就”最符合主旨。 Passage 8 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 More Than Just a Game What do sports mean to you? For some people, sports are just a way to stay healthy. For others, they are a form of entertainment. But for many people around the world, sports are much more than that. They are a way to connect with others, overcome challenges, and find meaning in life. Take the story of the Chinese women‘s volleyball team. In the 2016 Rio Olympics, they faced strong teams from around the world. They lost some matches and many people doubted them. But they never gave up. They worked together as a team and played with all their heart. In the end, they won the gold medal. Their victory was not just about winning—it was about showing the world the power of teamwork and never giving up. Or consider the story of the marathon runner. He was not the fastest or the strongest. But he had a strong will. He kept running even when his legs hurt. He finished the race, not first, but he finished. His courage inspired many people who watched him. They realized that victory is not always about coming first—it’s about doing your best and overcoming your own limits. Sports also bring people from different backgrounds together. When the Olympic Games are held, people from all over the world come to one place. They may speak different languages, have different cultures, and believe in different things. But on the sports field, they are all the same—athletes who share a love for the game. As the Olympic motto says, “Faster, Higher, Stronger — Together.” Sports are a way for us to become better versions of ourselves, not just as individuals but as a human family. 1. According to the passage, what did the Chinese women’s volleyball team show in the 2016 Olympics? A．They were the strongest team. B．They never gave up and worked as a team. C．They won every match easily. D．They had the best players in the world. 2. What can we learn from the story of the marathon runner? A．Only the fastest runners are heroes. B．Winning is the only thing that matters. C．Finishing the race with courage is also valuable. D．Marathon running is too difficult. 3. What does the passage say about sports bringing people together? A．Only people from the same country can play together. B．Sports help people from different backgrounds connect. C．People speak the same language on the sports field. D．The Olympic Games divide people. 4. What does the underlined word “inspired” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Made people feel afraid. B．Made people feel encouraged. C．Made people feel bored. D．Made people feel confused. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A．Sports are only about competition. B．Sports are more than just games—they teach us life values. C．Only professional athletes can understand sports. D．Winning is everything in sports. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. B 【导语】本文通过中国女排、马拉松选手和奥运会等例子，阐述了体育不仅是比赛或保持健康的方式，更是连接人们、克服挑战和寻找人生意义的途径。 【详解】1. 根据第二段内容“They never gave up. They worked together as a team...showing the world the power of teamwork and never giving up.”可知，中国女排展示的是永不放弃和团队合作的精神。 2. 根据第三段内容“He finished the race, not first, but he finished...victory is not always about coming first—it’s about doing your best and overcoming your own limits.”可知，马拉松选手的故事告诉我们，带着勇气完成比赛同样有价值，胜利不仅仅是得了第一。 3. 根据第四段第一句“Sports also bring people from different backgrounds together.”可知，体育能将不同背景的人们联系在一起。 4. 根据第三段语境，马拉松选手虽然没得第一，但他的坚持和勇气让观众意识到努力的重要性，这是一种正面的影响。“inspired”意为“鼓舞、激励”，与选项B“Made people feel encouraged”意思最接近。 5. 文章标题为“More Than Just a Game”，首段提到“sports are much more than that...find meaning in life”，尾段总结体育让我们成为更好的自己。整篇文章主旨在于体育不仅仅是比赛，更教会我们人生价值观。 Passage 9 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Beijing: The First City of Two Olympics In 2022, Beijing made history. It became the first city ever to host both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. This achievement showed the world not only China’s progress but also the power of sports to unite people. The 2008 Summer Olympics was a turning point for China. The world watched in wonder as China opened its doors and showed its rich culture and rapid development. The motto “One World, One Dream” expressed the hope that people from different countries could live together in peace and harmony. The Games were a great success, with dramatic victories and unforgettable moments. Usain Bolt smiled his way across the finish line in the 100 metres, setting a new world record. Du Li won her second Olympic gold medal in a dramatic come-from-behind victory. Fourteen years later, Beijing hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics. Nearly 2,900 athletes attended and competed in 109 events in seven winter sports. The mascot Bing Dwen Dwen became very popular around the world. The motto “Together for a Shared Future” carried the same message as the 2008 motto—unity and hope. Hosting two Olympics brought challenges, but it also brought opportunities. Beijing’s success showed China’s achievements in reform and opening-up on the world stage. Both Games were made possible by the hard work of volunteers and citizens. They worked with pride to welcome people from around the world. Events like the Olympic Games build bridges between countries and form friendships between people. The Olympics are not just about sports—they are about celebrating the human spirit and bringing people together. 1. What made Beijing special in 2022 according to the passage? A．It hosted the largest sports event. B．It became the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympics. C．It had the most volunteers. D．It created the most records. 2. What did the motto “One World, One Dream” express? A．The hope for peace and harmony among people. B．The desire to win more medals. C．The need to build more sports centers. D．The plan to host more events. 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a part of the 2022 Winter Olympics? A．The mascot Bing Dwen Dwen. B．Nearly 2,900 athletes. C．109 events in seven winter sports. D．The opening ceremony was held in a new stadium. 4. What does the phrase “build bridges” in the last paragraph mean? A．Build physical structures. B．Create connections and friendships. C．Compete against each other. D．Create barriers between people. 5. What does the author think about hosting two Olympics in Beijing? A．It was a waste of resources. B．It was a great achievement that showed China’s progress. C．It was not as successful as expected. D．It only benefited the athletes. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 【导语】本文介绍了北京成为历史上首个“双奥之城”的成就，回顾了2008年夏季奥运会和2022年冬季奥运会的盛况与主题，阐述了奥运会不仅是体育竞技，更是连接各国人民、弘扬人类精神的桥梁。 【详解】1. 根据文章第一段“It became the first city ever to host both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.”（它成为有史以来第一个既举办过夏季奥运会又举办过冬季奥运会的城市）可知，北京的特殊之处在于它是首个“双奥之城”。 2. 根据文章第二段“The motto ‘One World, One Dream’ expressed the hope that people from different countries could live together in peace and harmony.”（口号“同一个世界，同一个梦想”表达了不同国家人民和平和谐共处的美好愿望）可知，该口号表达的是对和平与和谐的希望。 3. 根据文章第三段内容，“The mascot Bing Dwen Dwen”（吉祥物冰墩墩）对应A选项；“Nearly 2,900 athletes”（近2900名运动员）对应B选项；“competed in 109 events in seven winter sports”（在7个冬季运动项目中角逐109个赛事）对应C选项。文中并未提及开幕式是否在新体育场举行，因此D选项未被提及。 4. 根据文章最后一段“Events like the Olympic Games build bridges between countries and form friendships between people.”（像奥运会这样的活动在各国之间搭建桥梁，在人们之间建立友谊）可知，这里的“build bridges”是比喻义，指建立联系和友谊，而非字面意义上的建造物理桥梁。 5. 纵观全文，第一段提到“This achievement showed the world not only China’s progress...”（这一成就向世界展示了中国的进步……），第三段提到“Beijing’s success showed China’s achievements...”（北京的成功展示了中国的成就……），且全文基调积极，强调了团结和人类精神。因此作者认为这是展示中国进步的伟大成就。 Passage 10 ①Have you ever watched horse racing? Do you know about horse racing? The UK is the birthplace of modern horse racing. In Britain, the center of life in the Middle Ages was the horse, which was the symbol of power and wealth, and was necessary for traveling, hunting and war. ②Horse racing is an ancient sport dating back to about 4,500 BC． Horse racing is a sport which is especially popular in the UK, the USA, the UAE and Australia. The goal of the race is to reach the finish line as soon as possible and the first one is the winner. The owner of a horse usually hires (雇佣) a trainer to train the horse for the race. ________ They must be kept in order, or they will be kicked off the race. The horse which attends the competition must be at least four years old. ③For the British, horse racing is not only a sport, but also a holiday and social activity. Or to be honest, it is a chance for friends to get together, just like visiting parks and listening to concerts more often every day. Most horse races last for two to three days. Except for the final day, there will always be a Ladies’ Day, also known as the “Hat Festival”. The ladies watching the races wear colorfully shaped hats as well as full dresses. Small bands are often prepared to perform, and the watchers continue to have fun. ④In British culture, the horse is also the symbol of peace and good luck. It has become a typical kind of cultural image and has influenced the British nation for many years. 1. How does the writer start the passage? A．By comparing facts. B．By asking questions. C．By telling stories. D．By giving examples. 2. Choose the best sentence to fill in the ________ in Paragraph 2? A．All horses should be well-trained. B．Results are reported shortly after each horse race. C．The horse racing rules have never been changed for centuries. D．Thousands of race horses are killed because of their low speed. 3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Horse racing is necessary for travel. B．The Hat Festival comes from horse racing. C．Horse racing is a social activity for people. D．The ladies like listening to concerts after the horse racing. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Any horse can attend the horse racing. B．Horses taking part in the race can run freely. C．A five-year-old horse can take part in the race. D．The goal of the race is to choose the most excellent player. 5. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．①/②③/④ B．①/②③④ C．①②③/④ D．①②/③④ 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了现代赛马起源于英国、赛马的历史与赛事规则，阐述了赛马在英国兼具体育运动与社交活动的双重属性，并最后点明马在英国文化中的吉祥象征意义。 【详解】1. 根据第一段开头“Have you ever watched horse racing? Do you know about horse racing?”连续两个疑问句，属于通过提问开头（By asking questions）。 2. 前句：马主雇驯马师训练赛马；后句：They must be kept in order, or they will be kicked off the race.（它们必须遵守规则，否则会被赛事取消资格），后文还提到参赛马匹至少4岁。选项A“All horses should be well-trained.”雇佣驯马师，马匹需要被好好训练（well-trained），训练内容包含遵守赛场秩序，与前半句train形成逻辑呼应”，说明选项A强调马匹需经过训练从而遵守秩序。 3. 根据第三段首句“For the British, horse racing is not only a sport, but also a holiday and social activity.”中心句点明赛马对英国人而言是社交活动，后文的女士日、帽子节、乐队表演、朋友聚会都是对社交活动的举例。 4. 根据第二段最后一句“The horse which attends the competition must be at least four years old.”选项A错误：任何马都能参赛 ，有年龄、规则限制；B选项错误：参赛马匹可以随意奔跑，必须遵守秩序（kept in order）； C选项正确：五岁的马可以参赛，（≥4 岁即可，5 岁符合）；D选项：比赛目标选出最优秀选手，原文目标是尽快冲过终点线，先到者获胜。 5. ①：引出话题，介绍英国是现代赛马发源地、马在中世纪的地位（总起段）； ②③：中间主体段落： ②赛马起源、比赛规则、参赛要求 ；③赛马在英国的社交属性、特色活动（Hat Festival）； ④：收尾升华，马在英国文化中的象征意义（和平、好运）。 分层：①总起 /②③主体分述/④ 总结升华，对应选项A。 Passage 11 Surfing is a kind of water sport. Surfers use a surfboard to catch and ride the breaking waves. Surfing originated (起源) in the Polynesian (波利尼西亚的) islands of the Pacific Ocean as well as West Africa and Peru. When Polynesians first arrived and lived in Hawaii (夏威夷) about 1200 AD, they also brought their love of surfing with them. Surfing was more than just a sport for early Hawaiians. It was an important part of their culture. Hawaiians made surfboards from the wood of special trees. The first boards were about 3 to 7 meters long and weighed more than 50 kilos. Later, plastic foam (泡沫) boards appeared and the shapes were improved. Today’s surfboards are about 1.5 to 2.7 meters long and weigh 11 to 26 kilos. They are light and flat, and have many different styles, such as shortboards, longboards, and funboards. Surfing was brought to Western countries in the early 20th century. In recent years, surfing has become popular among young Chinese sports lovers. China established its national surfing training team in 2018. In March 2024, a 15-year-old girl called Yang Siqi, from Sichuan Province, became China’s first Olympic surfer. Surfing is not only about riding waves but also about connecting with the ocean and having fun. It combines physical strength, balance and a love for the water. So, if you ever get the chance, give it a try! 1. Where did surfing start? ①In Peru. ②In West Africa. ③In the Polynesian islands of the Pacific Ocean. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．①②③ 2. Compared with today’s surfboards, what were the first boards like? A．They were longer and wider. B．They were wider and heavier. C．They were longer and heavier. D．They were lighter and shorter. 3. What can we know from the text? A．All Chinese people are interested in surfing now. B．China has established its national surfing training team for 10 years. C．Surfing didn’t become popular in Western countries until the 19th century. D．Yang Siqi was 15 years old when she became China’s first Olympic surfer. 4. Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (P1=Paragraph 1,. . . ) A． B． C． D． 5. Who might be most interested in the text? A．Art lovers. B．Sports lovers. C．Cooking lovers. D．Book lovers. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冲浪运动的起源、冲浪板的历史演变、冲浪运动在全球及中国的传播与发展。 【详解】1. 文章第二段指出“Surfing originated in the Polynesian islands of the Pacific Ocean as well as West Africa and Peru.”，说明了冲浪起源于太平洋的波利尼西亚群岛、西非和秘鲁。因此①②③均正确。 2. 文章第三段指出早期的冲浪板“about 3 to 7 meters long and weighed more than 50 kilos”，而今天的冲浪板“about 1.5 to 2.7 meters long and weigh 11 to 26 kilos”，说明早期的冲浪板比今天的长且重。 3. 文章第四段指出“In March 2024, a 15-year-old girl called Yang Siqi, from Sichuan Province, became China’s first Olympic surfer.”，说明杨思琪在15岁时成为中国首位奥运冲浪选手。 4. 文章第一段引入冲浪运动，第二、三段介绍起源和冲浪板历史，第四段介绍冲浪在现代的传播，第五段总结冲浪的意义并鼓励尝试。由此推断，文章结构为“总—分—总”。 5. 文章介绍了冲浪这一水上运动的历史、发展和装备演变，主题属于体育范畴。由此推断，体育爱好者最可能对本文感兴趣。 Passage 12 What is gravity? Look around you. Why does a ball fall down to the ground? Why don’t we float (飘浮) in the air? The answer is gravity. Gravity is a force. It is an invisible (无形的) pull. This pull is between objects. Every object has gravity. But bigger objects have a stronger pull. Earth is very, very big. So, its gravity is very strong. It pulls everything towards its center. This is why things fall down. Weight and Mass (质量) We often say something is “heavy”. This is about weight. Weight is the measure of the force of gravity on an object. It tells you how strong Earth is pulling on that object. We measure weight in newtons (N). Mass is different. Mass is the amount of “stuff” in an object. It does not change. We measure mass in kilograms (kg). For example, your mass is the same on Earth and on the Moon. But your weight is different because gravity is different. Gravity on Earth and the Moon The Moon is smaller than Earth. So, the Moon’s gravity is weaker. It is only about one-sixth of Earth’s gravity. If you go to the Moon, your weight will be less. You could jump much higher! But your mass stays the same. An astronaut on the Moon feels lighter, but he is still the same person. The Direction of Gravity Gravity always pulls things in one direction. But what is that direction? The answer is “down”. But “down” means towards the center of Earth. Wherever you are on Earth, gravity pulls you straight down towards the ground. If you drop an apple, it falls down. Water in a river flows downhill. This is all because of gravity’s direction. It always points to Earth’s center. This is why we feel the ground beneath our feet and why things don’t fall off the planet. Even when you jump up, gravity pulls you right back down. Gravity in Our Lives Gravity is very important. It keeps us on the ground. It makes rivers flow downhill. It keeps the Moon moving around Earth. Without gravity, we would float away into space! So, gravity is a fundamental force that shapes our world and keeps everything in place. 1. What is gravity according to the passage? A．A visible push. B．A unit for measuring mass. C．The amount of stuff in an object. D．An invisible pull between objects. 2. Where would an object weigh less? A．On Earth. B．On the Sun. C．On the Moon. D．On a very big planet. 3. According to Paragraph 4, what is the direction of gravity’s pull on an object? A． B． C． D． 4. What does the underlined word “fundamental” in the last paragraph mean? A．Small and weak. B．Basic and important. C．Interesting and fun. D．Dangerous and scary. 5. What does the passage mainly talk about? A．It tells a story about an astronaut. B．It explains some information about gravity. C．It gives the history of the discovery of gravity. D．It only talks about the difference between weight and mass. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，围绕重力展开科普，介绍重力的定义，区分重量与质量两个概念，对比地球与月球的重力差异，说明重力的作用方向，最后讲述重力在日常生活中的重要作用。 【详解】1. 原文第一段“Gravity is a force. It is an invisible (无形的) pull. This pull is between objects. ”，重力是物体之间一种无形的拉力。 2. 原文Gravity on Earth and the Moon部分提到“The Moon is smaller than Earth. So, the Moon’s gravity is weaker. It is only about one-sixth of Earth’s gravity. If you go to the Moon, your weight will be less.”，月球重力更小，物体在月球上重量更轻。 3. 原文The Direction of Gravity部分提到“gravity pulls you straight down towards the ground”，重力方向竖直向下，对应A图向下的箭头G。 4. 前文提到重力非常重要，没有重力人类会飘入太空，重力塑造了我们的世界并维持万物位置稳定，因此“fundamental”的含义是“基础且重要的” 5. 全文分段讲解重力的定义、重量与质量、地月重力、重力方向、生活中的重力，整体是对重力相关知识的科普解释。 19 / 21乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元话题精练 专题J908（说明文）单元话题 题型梯度特训（新教材人教版） Unit 8 More than a Game 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 内 容 提 要 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 – 6 二、 进阶提升 Passage 7 -12 Passage 1 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 What Makes a City Olympic-Ready? Hosting the Olympic Games is one of the greatest achievements for any city. But what qualities does a city need to host such a major event? Here are some key factors. Strong Infrastructure A host city must have excellent facilities. This includes stadiums, transport systems, and accommodation for athletes and visitors. Beijing already had many stadiums from the 2008 Summer Olympics, which were reused for the 2022 Winter Games. This saved money and resources. Support from Citizens Volunteers play a vital role in the Olympics. They help guide visitors, provide information, and make everyone feel welcome. In Beijing, many citizens volunteered their time and energy to help during both Games. Their hard work and pride in their city made a big difference. International Cooperation No country can host the Olympics alone. International cooperation is essential. Countries work together to share knowledge, resources, and experience. The Olympics also show how different nations can come together for peace and harmony. A Spirit of Unity Perhaps the most important quality is a spirit of unity. The Olympics are about bringing people together, not just about winning. The mottos of the Beijing Olympics—“One World, One Dream” and “Together for a Shared Future”—capture this idea perfectly. 1. What does the underlined word “infrastructure” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Basic facilities like stadiums and transport systems. B．Financial resources. C．Cultural traditions. D．Volunteer services. 2. Why did Beijing reuse stadiums from 2008 for the 2022 Games? A．Because they were the only ones available. B．Because it saved money and resources. C．Because they were more modern. D．Because visitors preferred them. 3. What role did volunteers play in the Beijing Olympics? A．They competed in the events. B．They helped guide visitors and provided information. C．They designed the stadiums. D．They created the mottos. 4. According to the passage, why is international cooperation important for hosting the Olympics? A．Because it helps share knowledge, resources, and experience. B．Because it increases competition. C．Because it saves time. D．Because it reduces costs. 5. What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain why Beijing was chosen to host the Olympics. B．To describe what makes a city suitable to host the Olympics. C．To compare the 2008 and 2022 Olympics. D．To introduce the history of the Olympics. Passage 2 Here are some new sports that will appear at the Olympic Games Los Angeles 2028. There are world championships (锦标赛) for both men and women in both sports. But at the Olympics, baseball is a men’s-only sport while softball is a women’s-only sport. Baseball became a medal (奖牌) sport at the Olympics in 1992 while softball at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Flag football is similar to American football. Each flag football team has five players. In 2028, flag football will be at the Olympics for the first time. Cricket is a ball game played by two teams, and each team usually has eleven players. The sport has got over 2.5 billion fans around the world. It’ll be at the 2028 Olympics again since it appeared at the 1900 Olympics in Paris for the first time. Lacrosse is a team sport, which can have six or ten players on each team. At the 2028 Olympics, there will be six players in each team. Lacrosse is not new to the Olympics. It was played at the 1904 and 1908 Olympics. Squash is a sport played in a four-walled court (球场) by two players or four for doubles with a rubber ball. Players take turns hitting the ball against the front wall. It appeared in many games. But squash is finally an Olympic sport at the 2028 Olympics! ▲ Squash 1. When did baseball become a medal sport in the Olympics? A．In 1904. B．In 1908. C．In 1992. D．In 1996. 2. What can we know about lacrosse? A．It’s a new sport to the Olympics. B．It’s similar to American football. C．It has 2.5 billion fans around the world. D．At the 2028 Olympics, there will be 6 players on each team. 3. Which picture can be put in 　 ▲　? A． B． C． D． 4. Which sports will be played at the Olympics for the first time in 2028? A．Cricket and lacrosse. B．Squash and flag football. C．Lacrosse and squash. D．Lacrosse and basketball. 5. Where can we most probably read the text? A．In a science report. B．In a sports newspaper. C．In a fashion magazine. D．In a guidebook. Passage 3 On the evening of November 9, 2025, the opening ceremony of the 15th National Games of the People’s Republic of China started at the Guangdong Olympic Sports Center. As the first National Games co-hosted by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, it made a historic breakthrough. With the theme “Dreaming of the Future”, the nearly 20,000-square-meter stage had a “concentric circle(同心圆)” design and no complex machines. The cultural show was divided into three parts. It used advanced technologies like AR to show Lingnan Lion Dance, Cantonese Opera and Wing Chun (咏春) in a creative way. These shows made the audience feel a strong sense of patriotism(爱国主义) and a shared sense of cultural identity. Famous landmarks like the Canton Tower and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge were shown on the digital scroll(卷轴), which reflected the deep integration of the Greater Bay Area (大湾区). The mascots “Xiyangyang” and “Lerongrong” were designed after Chinese white dolphins. They had three colorful water droplets on their heads, which symbolized unity. The torch’s flame was collected from 1,522 meters under the South China Sea and passed around. Finally, three torchbearers(火炬手) from Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao — including the famous athlete Su Bingtian — lit the main cauldron together. Singers ended the ceremony wonderfully with the theme song “One Heart Under Heaven”. A total of 14,252 athletes and nearly 50,000 volunteers took part in the games. The opening ceremony was more than a sports event. It perfectly showed the unique charm of the Greater Bay Area and China’s lively sporting spirit to the whole world. 1. What makes the 15th National Games special? A．It had the most athletes. B．It was held only in Guangdong. C．It used the most advanced technologies. D．It was co-hosted by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. 2. What can we infer about the “concentric circle” stage design? A．It was copied from other sports events. B．It needed many complex machines to build. C．It was too small for the cultural performance. D．It might symbolize unity among Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. 3. Why were Lingnan Lion Dance, Cantonese Opera and Wing Chun shown in the performance? A．To let foreign artists learn traditional Chinese arts. B．To show that these arts are more popular than others. C．To introduce traditional culture of the Greater Bay Area. D．To prove advanced technologies are better than traditional arts. 4. What can we learn about the 15th National Games from the passage? A．It has the most volunteers in the history of National Games. B．It will only be held in the Greater Bay Area in the future. C．It focuses more on cultural shows than sports competitions. D．It helps strengthen the connections among regions in the Greater Bay Area. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of the National Games in China. B．How the torch of the 15th National Games was relayed. C．The famous artists who performed at the opening ceremony. D．The introduction to the 15th National Games’ opening ceremony and its significance. Passage 4 ①On Earth, we use bricks (砖块) to build houses, but what about building things on the moon?   ▲   Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a research station on the moon. ②To make the bricks, the scientists used a lunar soil simulant (模拟月壤). The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks. They also have special structures, which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together. ③Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST said that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil composition (成分) and used three ways to harden it. In this way they could choose the best materials for making the bricks. “Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon,” Zhou said. “For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang’e-5, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩).” ④The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme (极端的) environment. Quakes often happen there. And it gets as hot as 180℃ during the day and as cold as -190℃ at night. The lunar bricks were sent to China’s space station on the Tianzhou-8 spacecraft. There, scientists carried out tests to see how well the bricks work in space. 1. Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph ①? A．Scientists have found a solution! B．The question is too difficult to answer. C．Many people dream of going to the moon. D．Scientists may study the topic in the future! 2. Which properly shows the strength comparison of lunar bricks and red bricks? A． B． C． D． 3. How did scientists find the best materials for lunar bricks? A．They learned about lunar soil from scientific reports. B．They compared different bricks used widely nowadays. C．They read many books about ancient Chinese buildings. D．They did many tests on simulated lunar soil and treated it in different ways. 4. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A．The introduction of China’s Tianzhou-8 spacecraft. B．The reasons why lunar bricks need to be tested in space. C．The temperature difference on the moon between day and night. D．The time when the lunar bricks will return to Earth. 5. What is most probably the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 5 Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China, hosted the 9th Asian Winter Games from February 7th to 14th, 2025. This is the second time the city has held this event since 1996. 170 Chinese players competed in 64 events. Also, with the development of the events, the 9th Asian Winter Games included several new sports on the basis of the sports before. Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, Chinese people’s love for winter sports has greatly grown. And that has made winter sports more and more popular across the country. The torch (火炬) and anthem (会歌) for the 2025 Asian Winter Games in Harbin were first shown on October 30th, 2024. The torch named “Surging” is about 735 mm high. The topic of its design means that the 9th Asian Winter Games are filled with energy and passion (激情). The overall design of the torch combines international beauty with classical and modern Chinese art. The anthem for the Asian Winter Games is titled Snow in Harbin. It shows the dream of unity, friendship and working together to achieve peace and the development among the people of Asian countries and regions. The medals named “Spirit of Speed” for the Asian Winter Games were also introduced on the same day. The front of the medals mixes the shape of the racetrack (赛道) with the emblem of the 9th Asian Winter Games. This design shows the strength and beauty of competitive sports and the city’s special art taste. 1. When were the 9th Asian Winter Games held in Harbin? A．From January 7th to 14th, 2025. B．From February 7th to 14th, 2025. C．From January 4th to 17th, 2025. D．From February 4th to 17th, 2025. 2. What does the underlined word “that” refer to? A．The popularity of summer sports. B．The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. C．The 9th Asian Winter Games. D．Chinese people’s love for winter sports. 3. Which is correct about matching the following three things with their right names? ① The torch ② The anthem ③ The medals a. Ice and Fire b. Surging c. Spirit of Speed d. Snow in Harbin A．①-b, ②-d, ③-c B．①-c, ②-d, ③-b C．①-b, ②-d, ③-a D．①-b, ②-c, ③-a 4. What is the structure of the text? (① =Paragraph 1, ② =Paragraph 2, ...) A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②/③④⑤ C．①②③/④⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ 5. What is the main purpose of the text? A．To introduce the history of the Asian Winter Games. B．To show Chinese people’s love for winter sports. C．To introduce the 9th Asian Winter Games in Harbin. D．To compare the 9th Asian Winter Games with others. Passage 6 Should Winning Be the Top Goal of Sports? Nowadays, many sports events focus too much on final scores. Coaches, parents and students often judge a game only by victory. Some young athletes feel stressed: if they fail to win, all their hard work seems meaningless. This makes people ignore the true meaning of sports. There is no doubt that winning brings joy and confidence. It is natural for every player to hope for good results. However, putting victory above everything will bring bad influences. Players may refuse to respect their opponents, fear challenges and give up trying once they fall behind. They will only care about scores instead of enjoying the whole process. Sports spirit lies in persistence, respect and self-improvement. When you keep training even if you are not good enough; when you shake hands with your opponent after losing; when you learn your weak points from defeat—these moments are far more valuable than a single win. For teenagers, sports are a lifelong hobby rather than a one-time competition. We can take victory as encouragement, but never treat it as the only goal. Remember: every sport is more than a game, and every effort counts more than a trophy. 1. What makes some young athletes feel great pressure? A．People only value winning and look down on failure. B．There are too few sports matches at school. C．They have no time to take part in training. D．Coaches never care about their scores. 2. What does the underlined word “self-improvement” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．自我提升 B．自我放弃 C．自我炫耀 D．自我安慰 3. What bad result will appear if we regard winning as everything? A．Players will respect opponents and enjoy training. B．Players may fear challenges and ignore the process. C．Players will keep trying no matter what happens. D．Players can learn a lot from every defeat. 4. Which opinion will the writer agree with? A．Victory is the only valuable thing in sports. B．Effort, spirit and progress are more important than winning. C．Losing matches means all training is useless. D．Teenagers should not join any competitive sports. 5. What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To discuss whether winning should be the top goal of sports and share proper sports values. B．To introduce different kinds of school sports matches. C．To ask students to stop taking part in all competitive games. D．To show the advantages of winning every sports match. Passage 7 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Beijing: The First City of Two Olympics In 2022, Beijing made history. It became the first city ever to host both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. This achievement showed the world not only China’s progress but also the power of sports to unite people. The 2008 Summer Olympics was a turning point for China. The world watched in wonder as China opened its doors and showed its rich culture and rapid development. The motto “One World, One Dream” expressed the hope that people from different countries could live together in peace and harmony. The Games were a great success, with dramatic victories and unforgettable moments. Usain Bolt smiled his way across the finish line in the 100 metres, setting a new world record. Du Li won her second Olympic gold medal in a dramatic come-from-behind victory. Fourteen years later, Beijing hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics. Nearly 2,900 athletes attended and competed in 109 events in seven winter sports. The mascot Bing Dwen Dwen became very popular around the world. The motto “Together for a Shared Future” carried the same message as the 2008 motto—unity and hope. Hosting two Olympics brought challenges, but it also brought opportunities. Beijing’s success showed China’s achievements in reform and opening-up on the world stage. Both Games were made possible by the hard work of volunteers and citizens. They worked with pride to welcome people from around the world. Events like the Olympic Games build bridges between countries and form friendships between people. The Olympics are not just about sports—they are about celebrating the human spirit and bringing people together. 1. What made Beijing special in 2022? A．It hosted the largest sports event ever. B．It became the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympics. C．It had the most volunteers. D．It created the most records. 2. What did the motto “One World, One Dream” express? A．The hope for peace and harmony among people. B．The desire to win more medals. C．The need to build more sports centers. D．The plan to host more events. 3. How many athletes attended the 2022 Winter Olympics? A．About 1,900. B．About 2,900. C．About 3,900. D．About 4,900. 4. What does the phrase “build bridges” in the last paragraph mean? A．Build physical structures. B．Create connections and friendships. C．Compete against each other. D．Create barriers between people. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A．The history of the Olympic Games. B．Beijing’s achievement in hosting two Olympics. C．The life of Usain Bolt. D．The importance of volunteers. Passage 8 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 More Than Just a Game What do sports mean to you? For some people, sports are just a way to stay healthy. For others, they are a form of entertainment. But for many people around the world, sports are much more than that. They are a way to connect with others, overcome challenges, and find meaning in life. Take the story of the Chinese women‘s volleyball team. In the 2016 Rio Olympics, they faced strong teams from around the world. They lost some matches and many people doubted them. But they never gave up. They worked together as a team and played with all their heart. In the end, they won the gold medal. Their victory was not just about winning—it was about showing the world the power of teamwork and never giving up. Or consider the story of the marathon runner. He was not the fastest or the strongest. But he had a strong will. He kept running even when his legs hurt. He finished the race, not first, but he finished. His courage inspired many people who watched him. They realized that victory is not always about coming first—it’s about doing your best and overcoming your own limits. Sports also bring people from different backgrounds together. When the Olympic Games are held, people from all over the world come to one place. They may speak different languages, have different cultures, and believe in different things. But on the sports field, they are all the same—athletes who share a love for the game. As the Olympic motto says, “Faster, Higher, Stronger — Together.” Sports are a way for us to become better versions of ourselves, not just as individuals but as a human family. 1. According to the passage, what did the Chinese women’s volleyball team show in the 2016 Olympics? A．They were the strongest team. B．They never gave up and worked as a team. C．They won every match easily. D．They had the best players in the world. 2. What can we learn from the story of the marathon runner? A．Only the fastest runners are heroes. B．Winning is the only thing that matters. C．Finishing the race with courage is also valuable. D．Marathon running is too difficult. 3. What does the passage say about sports bringing people together? A．Only people from the same country can play together. B．Sports help people from different backgrounds connect. C．People speak the same language on the sports field. D．The Olympic Games divide people. 4. What does the underlined word “inspired” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Made people feel afraid. B．Made people feel encouraged. C．Made people feel bored. D．Made people feel confused. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A．Sports are only about competition. B．Sports are more than just games—they teach us life values. C．Only professional athletes can understand sports. D．Winning is everything in sports. Passage 9 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Beijing: The First City of Two Olympics In 2022, Beijing made history. It became the first city ever to host both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. This achievement showed the world not only China’s progress but also the power of sports to unite people. The 2008 Summer Olympics was a turning point for China. The world watched in wonder as China opened its doors and showed its rich culture and rapid development. The motto “One World, One Dream” expressed the hope that people from different countries could live together in peace and harmony. The Games were a great success, with dramatic victories and unforgettable moments. Usain Bolt smiled his way across the finish line in the 100 metres, setting a new world record. Du Li won her second Olympic gold medal in a dramatic come-from-behind victory. Fourteen years later, Beijing hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics. Nearly 2,900 athletes attended and competed in 109 events in seven winter sports. The mascot Bing Dwen Dwen became very popular around the world. The motto “Together for a Shared Future” carried the same message as the 2008 motto—unity and hope. Hosting two Olympics brought challenges, but it also brought opportunities. Beijing’s success showed China’s achievements in reform and opening-up on the world stage. Both Games were made possible by the hard work of volunteers and citizens. They worked with pride to welcome people from around the world. Events like the Olympic Games build bridges between countries and form friendships between people. The Olympics are not just about sports—they are about celebrating the human spirit and bringing people together. 1. What made Beijing special in 2022 according to the passage? A．It hosted the largest sports event. B．It became the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympics. C．It had the most volunteers. D．It created the most records. 2. What did the motto “One World, One Dream” express? A．The hope for peace and harmony among people. B．The desire to win more medals. C．The need to build more sports centers. D．The plan to host more events. 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a part of the 2022 Winter Olympics? A．The mascot Bing Dwen Dwen. B．Nearly 2,900 athletes. C．109 events in seven winter sports. D．The opening ceremony was held in a new stadium. 4. What does the phrase “build bridges” in the last paragraph mean? A．Build physical structures. B．Create connections and friendships. C．Compete against each other. D．Create barriers between people. 5. What does the author think about hosting two Olympics in Beijing? A．It was a waste of resources. B．It was a great achievement that showed China’s progress. C．It was not as successful as expected. D．It only benefited the athletes. Passage 10 ①Have you ever watched horse racing? Do you know about horse racing? The UK is the birthplace of modern horse racing. In Britain, the center of life in the Middle Ages was the horse, which was the symbol of power and wealth, and was necessary for traveling, hunting and war. ②Horse racing is an ancient sport dating back to about 4,500 BC． Horse racing is a sport which is especially popular in the UK, the USA, the UAE and Australia. The goal of the race is to reach the finish line as soon as possible and the first one is the winner. The owner of a horse usually hires (雇佣) a trainer to train the horse for the race. ________ They must be kept in order, or they will be kicked off the race. The horse which attends the competition must be at least four years old. ③For the British, horse racing is not only a sport, but also a holiday and social activity. Or to be honest, it is a chance for friends to get together, just like visiting parks and listening to concerts more often every day. Most horse races last for two to three days. Except for the final day, there will always be a Ladies’ Day, also known as the “Hat Festival”. The ladies watching the races wear colorfully shaped hats as well as full dresses. Small bands are often prepared to perform, and the watchers continue to have fun. ④In British culture, the horse is also the symbol of peace and good luck. It has become a typical kind of cultural image and has influenced the British nation for many years. 1. How does the writer start the passage? A．By comparing facts. B．By asking questions. C．By telling stories. D．By giving examples. 2. Choose the best sentence to fill in the ________ in Paragraph 2? A．All horses should be well-trained. B．Results are reported shortly after each horse race. C．The horse racing rules have never been changed for centuries. D．Thousands of race horses are killed because of their low speed. 3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Horse racing is necessary for travel. B．The Hat Festival comes from horse racing. C．Horse racing is a social activity for people. D．The ladies like listening to concerts after the horse racing. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Any horse can attend the horse racing. B．Horses taking part in the race can run freely. C．A five-year-old horse can take part in the race. D．The goal of the race is to choose the most excellent player. 5. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．①/②③/④ B．①/②③④ C．①②③/④ D．①②/③④ Passage 11 Surfing is a kind of water sport. Surfers use a surfboard to catch and ride the breaking waves. Surfing originated (起源) in the Polynesian (波利尼西亚的) islands of the Pacific Ocean as well as West Africa and Peru. When Polynesians first arrived and lived in Hawaii (夏威夷) about 1200 AD, they also brought their love of surfing with them. Surfing was more than just a sport for early Hawaiians. It was an important part of their culture. Hawaiians made surfboards from the wood of special trees. The first boards were about 3 to 7 meters long and weighed more than 50 kilos. Later, plastic foam (泡沫) boards appeared and the shapes were improved. Today’s surfboards are about 1.5 to 2.7 meters long and weigh 11 to 26 kilos. They are light and flat, and have many different styles, such as shortboards, longboards, and funboards. Surfing was brought to Western countries in the early 20th century. In recent years, surfing has become popular among young Chinese sports lovers. China established its national surfing training team in 2018. In March 2024, a 15-year-old girl called Yang Siqi, from Sichuan Province, became China’s first Olympic surfer. Surfing is not only about riding waves but also about connecting with the ocean and having fun. It combines physical strength, balance and a love for the water. So, if you ever get the chance, give it a try! 1. Where did surfing start? ①In Peru. ②In West Africa. ③In the Polynesian islands of the Pacific Ocean. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．①②③ 2. Compared with today’s surfboards, what were the first boards like? A．They were longer and wider. B．They were wider and heavier. C．They were longer and heavier. D．They were lighter and shorter. 3. What can we know from the text? A．All Chinese people are interested in surfing now. B．China has established its national surfing training team for 10 years. C．Surfing didn’t become popular in Western countries until the 19th century. D．Yang Siqi was 15 years old when she became China’s first Olympic surfer. 4. Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (P1=Paragraph 1,. . . ) A． B． C． D． 5. Who might be most interested in the text? A．Art lovers. B．Sports lovers. C．Cooking lovers. D．Book lovers. Passage 12 What is gravity? Look around you. Why does a ball fall down to the ground? Why don’t we float (飘浮) in the air? The answer is gravity. Gravity is a force. It is an invisible (无形的) pull. This pull is between objects. Every object has gravity. But bigger objects have a stronger pull. Earth is very, very big. So, its gravity is very strong. It pulls everything towards its center. This is why things fall down. Weight and Mass (质量) We often say something is “heavy”. This is about weight. Weight is the measure of the force of gravity on an object. It tells you how strong Earth is pulling on that object. We measure weight in newtons (N). Mass is different. Mass is the amount of “stuff” in an object. It does not change. We measure mass in kilograms (kg). For example, your mass is the same on Earth and on the Moon. But your weight is different because gravity is different. Gravity on Earth and the Moon The Moon is smaller than Earth. So, the Moon’s gravity is weaker. It is only about one-sixth of Earth’s gravity. If you go to the Moon, your weight will be less. You could jump much higher! But your mass stays the same. An astronaut on the Moon feels lighter, but he is still the same person. The Direction of Gravity Gravity always pulls things in one direction. But what is that direction? The answer is “down”. But “down” means towards the center of Earth. Wherever you are on Earth, gravity pulls you straight down towards the ground. If you drop an apple, it falls down. Water in a river flows downhill. This is all because of gravity’s direction. It always points to Earth’s center. This is why we feel the ground beneath our feet and why things don’t fall off the planet. Even when you jump up, gravity pulls you right back down. Gravity in Our Lives Gravity is very important. It keeps us on the ground. It makes rivers flow downhill. It keeps the Moon moving around Earth. Without gravity, we would float away into space! So, gravity is a fundamental force that shapes our world and keeps everything in place. 1. What is gravity according to the passage? A．A visible push. B．A unit for measuring mass. C．The amount of stuff in an object. D．An invisible pull between objects. 2. Where would an object weigh less? A．On Earth. B．On the Sun. C．On the Moon. D．On a very big planet. 3. According to Paragraph 4, what is the direction of gravity’s pull on an object? A． B． C． D． 4. What does the underlined word “fundamental” in the last paragraph mean? A．Small and weak. B．Basic and important. C．Interesting and fun. D．Dangerous and scary. 5. What does the passage mainly talk about? A．It tells a story about an astronaut. B．It explains some information about gravity. C．It gives the history of the discovery of gravity. D．It only talks about the difference between weight and mass. 15 / 15乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $