28-高考阅读理解专题（练习卷） 任务单-2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 以题型为纲，系统提炼细节定位、词义推断、主旨归纳等解题方法，知识逻辑清晰，通过贴近现实的典例培养语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|20题（含4篇阅读+1篇七选五）|细节题定位原文信息，词义题结合上下文语境，主旨题归纳段落核心，七选五分析衔接逻辑|不同题型对应专属解题策略，典例覆盖高频考点，文章主题贴近时事，构建“理解-分析-应用”思维链条|

每日阅读理解练习-Day28 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A ——Knowable Magazine, June 2026（改编） Extreme heat is muddling animals‘ brains. As temperatures rise, some creatures pick fights while others struggle to learn . Biologists have long documented how heat waves kill wildlife directly through dehydration or overheating. But a growing body of research reveals a more insidious effect: even when animals survive the heat, their cognitive abilities may be severely impaired. Foraging becomes less efficient when high temperatures interfere with an animal’s ability to remember where food is located. In one experiment, bumblebees exposed to 40°C struggled to recognize which flowers contained nectar, a task they normally perform with ease. Social species, such as African wild dogs, showed reduced coordination during hunts, with pack members failing to respond to leadership cues. Some species also displayed increased aggression—male cichlid fish, for example, became less capable of distinguishing between rivals and mates when water temperatures rose just 2°C above normal. The mechanisms behind these behavioral changes are rooted in brain chemistry. Heat stress increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, allowing inflammatory molecules to enter the brain. At the same time, heat-sensitive proteins essential for memory formation become unstable. Together, these effects disrupt the neural networks that animals rely on for learning, memory, and social interaction. The consequences extend beyond individual survival. When predators become less effective hunters and prey species become less adept at evasion, entire food webs can be thrown out of balance. Migratory patterns are also affected, as navigation depends on the ability to process environmental cues. Researchers emphasize that animals are not simply becoming “dumber” in the face of warming. Rather, their brains are being forced to operate outside the temperature range in which they evolved. The findings add urgency to efforts to mitigate climate change while also highlighting the need for conservation strategies that account for cognitive vulnerability. 1.What does the research reveal about the effects of extreme heat on animals? A. It only affects animals through direct dehydration. B. It can impair animals‘ cognitive abilities even if they survive. C. It improves animals’ foraging efficiency. D. It has no effect on social species. 2.According to paragraph 2, what happened to bumblebees in the experiment? A. They became more aggressive toward other insects. B. They failed to recognize which flowers contained nectar. C. They showed improved coordination during foraging. D. They could no longer fly at normal speed. 3.The underlined word “insidious” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. obvious and immediate B. gradual and harmful in a hidden way C. beneficial in the long term D. temporary and reversible B ——Stanford Report, July 2026（改编） Water affordability is a growing strain, particularly for low-income households and those in multi-unit housing . About 31% of Californians live in households with incomes considered at risk for water poverty, and in the state, about 155,000 households owed more than $1,000 in water bills as of the latest data . Almost a quarter of the U.S. population doesn’t pay water bills directly to utilities. Rather, they pay through rent or split within multi-unit housing. Groups paying water bills through indirect methods are considered hard-to-reach populations . “There‘s a lack of data on how these hard-to-reach populations experience water affordability challenges, and what the impact of indirect billing is,” said Greta Markey, a Stanford researcher leading a study on the issue . A key factor complicating water affordability is California’s Proposition 218, which requires water utilities to charge customers based on the actual cost to service them. This limits options for subsidizing lower rates for some customers through assistance programs . Yet demand for help is growing. Water utilities’ customer assistance programs have emerged in California over the past five years as infrastructure upgrades for climate resiliency and state requirements have caused prices to increase substantially . Stanford researchers are now working with the City of Santa Cruz to improve assistance programs for renters who pay water bills indirectly through rent. A multi-family Customer Assistance Program extension was launched to reach these residents . If successful, “it could be a template for other utilities to move forward with developing this kind of program and expanding the reach of support beyond those who are account holders to multi-family tenants,” said Megan Bunch, a program analyst at the Santa Cruz Water Department . Khalid Osman, a Stanford assistant professor, emphasized the broader significance: “Water affordability challenges are a large and increasing issue for folks, especially low-income populations. And that’s being exacerbated by aging infrastructure, climate change, and changing funding structures” . 4.According to the passage, what makes low-income renters hard to reach for water assistance programs? A. They do not have bank accounts. B. They pay water bills indirectly through rent. C. They do not qualify for government assistance. D. They prefer to avoid public programs. 5.What challenge does California‘s Proposition 218 create for water affordability? A. It requires utilities to charge based on actual service costs, limiting subsidy options. B. It prevents utilities from raising water rates at all. C. It requires all renters to pay bills directly to utilities. D. It eliminates all customer assistance programs. 6.The underlined phrase “template” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. a model that can be copied by others B. a legal requirement for all utilities C. a temporary solution to a problem D. a complicated process that takes years 7.What does the passage suggest about the future of water affordability programs? A. They will be discontinued due to lack of funding. B. They might be adopted by other utilities if proven successful. C. They are only effective for homeowners. D. They have already solved the affordability crisis. C ——Smithsonian Magazine, March 2026（改编） The Sahara has cycled between eons of bountiful life and arid desolation. What will it mean when the world’s largest desert turns green once again?  Geologists have long known that the Sahara was not always a desert. About 6,000 years ago, the region was covered in grasslands, lakes, and rivers—a period known as the African Humid Period. Now, researchers are asking a more pressing question: as climate change accelerates, could the Sahara become green again in our lifetime? The answer is complex. While warmer air can hold more moisture, the mechanisms that triggered past greening events are not simply replicable today. The African Humid Period was driven by changes in Earth’s orbit that strengthened the West African monsoon. These orbital changes occur over tens of thousands of years—far too slowly to offset modern greenhouse warming. Instead, many climate models project that the Sahara will actually expand as global temperatures rise. The Hadley circulation—a pattern of rising and falling air masses that drives tropical rainfall—is predicted to shift poleward, pulling the Sahara’s dry zone farther north and south. This expansion has already been observed: the Sahara has grown by roughly 10% over the past century. Yet there is a counterargument. Some researchers note that higher carbon dioxide levels could enhance plant growth in dry regions by improving water-use efficiency. Satellite data show that parts of the southern Sahara have experienced modest greening in recent decades. However, this greening is not uniform and may be limited to regions with enough soil moisture. The true picture is one of complexity. The Sahara’s future depends on competing forces—warming, atmospheric circulation, and ecological feedback—interacting in ways that are not fully understood. What seems clear is that the Sahara will not simply return to its lush past, but it may not remain a lifeless desert either. 8.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The Sahara will definitely become green again due to climate change. B. The Sahara’s future is uncertain due to competing forces and complex mechanisms. C. The Sahara has never been anything other than a desert. D. Orbital changes will make the Sahara green within decades. 9.According to paragraph 2, what caused the African Humid Period? A. Industrial greenhouse gas emissions. B. Changes in Earth’s orbit that strengthened the monsoon. C. Increased carbon dioxide levels from natural sources. D. Human migration patterns across the continent. 10.The underlined word “replicable” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. capable of being repeated or reproduced B. impossible to understand C. beneficial to the environment D. destructive to local communities 11.What does satellite data suggest about the southern Sahara in recent decades? A. It has experienced significant, uniform greening. B. It has shown modest greening in some parts. C. It has become drier than ever before. D. It has lost all vegetation cover. D ——The Conversation, July 2025（改编） The world of work is undergoing a quiet revolution, driven not by technology alone but by shifting generational priorities. Researchers have identified a phenomenon they call the “great unlearning”—a process where younger workers are actively discarding workplace norms that previous generations accepted as inevitable . Traditional career paths—steady progression up a corporate ladder—are losing their appeal. A 2025 survey found that 58% of workers under 30 prioritize flexibility and purpose over salary and title, compared to just 32% of workers over 50 . For many, the goal is no longer to climb the ladder but to build a portfolio of meaningful experiences. This shift is particularly pronounced among those who entered the workforce during or after the pandemic, when remote work normalized the idea that productivity does not require a physical office. Experts suggest that the “great unlearning” is not a rejection of work itself, but a rejection of the way work has been organized. The distinction between work and life, once seen as a professional boundary, is now viewed by many as a personal negotiation. Managers are discovering that offering autonomy and trust, rather than constant oversight, is a more effective way to retain talent . However, the transition is not without friction. Older managers often interpret younger workers‘ preferences as entitlement. Meanwhile, younger workers view rigid hierarchies and presenteeism as outdated. The challenge for organizations is to bridge this gap without alienating either group. Some companies are experimenting with new models: results-only work environments, where employees are evaluated on outcomes rather than hours worked, are gaining traction. Others are adopting “career coaching” programs that help employees design personalized paths rather than following a standard track. The early results are promising: companies with higher flexibility scores report 20% lower turnover rates. The future of work, it appears, is not about doing more—it’s about working differently. 12.What is the “great unlearning” as described in the passage? A. The process of forgetting old job skills to learn new ones. B. The rejection of workplace norms that younger workers find outdated. C. The shift from office work to remote work during the pandemic. D. The increase in salary demands from younger generations. 13.According to the passage, what do younger workers prioritize over salary and title? A. Job security and benefits. B. Flexibility and purpose. C. Prestige and company reputation. D. Promotional opportunities. 14.The underlined word “presenteeism” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. the practice of being present at work regardless of productivity B. the habit of arriving late to work C. the use of technology to work remotely D. the preference for working overtime 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. Why Remote Work Is Failing B. The Great Unlearning: How Work is Changing C. How to Become a Better Manager D. The Importance of Salary in Career Choice 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E ——The Conversation, May 2025（改编） Agreeing to disagree is one of the most common phrases thrown into conversations during conflict. But new research suggests that it may actually be hurting relationships more than helping . While the phrase often seems like a mature way to end a disagreement, it can leave important issues unresolved. When people agree to disagree, they often stop trying to understand the other person’s perspective. This creates a psychological distance that, over time, can erode trust and emotional connection. Researchers have found that couples who frequently agree to disagree report lower relationship satisfaction than those who engage in structured conversations about their differences . (16) ______ Techniques like looping—where one person repeats back what the other has said to confirm understanding—can help resolve disagreements constructively. Reframing, or restating the issue from the other person’s perspective, is another powerful tool. (17) ______ The danger of “agreeing to disagree” is that it often serves as a shortcut to avoid emotional discomfort. (18) ______ However, avoiding conflict can create resentment and emotional distance. Psychologists suggest that the goal of a disagreement should not be to win or to reach a perfect agreement. Instead, it should be to understand the other person more fully. (19) ______ Of course, not every disagreement needs to be fully resolved. Sometimes, accepting difference is necessary. But the key is to distinguish between accepting difference and avoiding difficult conversations. (20) ______ 选项（A-G）： A. These techniques help build mutual understanding. B. This approach can actually deepen relationships over time. C. It may seem like a mature way to end a conflict, but it often avoids the real issue. D. Agreeing to disagree should always be avoided. E. The former builds understanding; the latter creates distance. F. True resolution requires genuine engagement with differences. G. Conflict is always harmful and should be avoided. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了极端高温对动物认知能力的隐匿影响——即使幸存于高温，动物的学习能力、记忆力和社交行为也可能受到损害，并探讨了背后的神经机制和生态后果。 第1题 答案：B 题干句意： 关于极端高温对动物的影响，研究揭示了什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“even when animals survive the heat, their cognitive abilities may be severely impaired”直接说明即使动物存活下来，其认知能力也可能受损。A项“仅通过直接脱水影响”与“more insidious effect”矛盾；C项“提高觅食效率”与“foraging becomes less efficient”相反；D项“对群居物种无影响”与“African wild dogs showed reduced coordination”相反。故正确答案为B。 第2题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，实验中大黄蜂发生了什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“bumblebees exposed to 40°C struggled to recognize which flowers contained nectar, a task they normally perform with ease”说明大黄蜂无法识别含有花蜜的花朵。A项“对其它昆虫更具攻击性”是鱼类的影响；C项“觅食协调改善”与“struggled”相反；D项“无法正常飞行”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第3题 答案：B 题干句意： 第一段中画线单词“insidious”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“insidious”意为“隐匿的、潜在的”。文中第一段提到高温的“insidious effect”是即使动物存活，其认知能力也会受损，这是一种不易察觉但有害的影响。A项“明显且立即的”与“insidious”相反；C项“长期有益的”与文意相反；D项“暂时且可逆的”不准确。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了加州低收入家庭面临的用水负担问题，特别是通过租金间接支付水费的租户难以获得援助，以及斯坦福大学与圣克鲁兹市合作开展的援助项目。 第4题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，什么使得低收入租户难以获得水费援助？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“Almost a quarter of the U.S. population doesn‘t pay water bills directly to utilities. Rather, they pay through rent... Groups paying water bills through indirect methods are considered hard-to-reach populations”直接说明原因是他们通过租金间接支付水费。A项“没有银行账户”未提及；C项“不符合资格”未提及；D项“偏好避免公共项目”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第5题 答案：A 题干句意： 加州218号提案对水费负担造成了什么挑战？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“California’s Proposition 218, which requires water utilities to charge customers based on the actual cost to service them. This limits options for subsidizing lower rates”说明该提案限制了补贴低费率的选项。B项“完全禁止涨价”与“prices have increased”矛盾；C项“要求所有租户直接支付”未提及；D项“取消所有援助项目”与“customer assistance programs have emerged”矛盾。故正确答案为A。 第6题 答案：A 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词“template”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“template”意为“模板、范本”。文中“it could be a template for other utilities”意为该计划可为其他公用事业提供可复制的范本。B项“对所有公用事业的法律要求”、C项“临时解决方案”、D项“需时数年的复杂过程”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 第7题 答案：B 题干句意： 文章对水费援助项目的未来有何暗示？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。根据第四段，“If successful, it could be a template for other utilities to move forward with developing this kind of program”说明如果成功，可能被其他公用事业采用。A项“因资金不足被终止”未提及；C项“仅对房主有效”与“multi-family tenants”矛盾；D项“已解决危机”与“increasing issue”矛盾。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，探讨了撒哈拉沙漠的未来——它是否会再次变绿。文章分析了历史成因（轨道变化）与当前因素（气候变化、大气环流、生态反馈）之间的复杂互动，指出撒哈拉的未来充满不确定性。 第8题 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的主要观点是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。文章讨论了撒哈拉可能变绿的各种因素和相反证据，最后总结“The true picture is one of complexity”，因此撒哈拉的未来因多种竞争力量而不确定。A项“一定会变绿”与“counterargument”矛盾；C项“从未不是沙漠”与“was not always a desert”矛盾；D项“数十年内变绿”与“occur over tens of thousands of years”矛盾。故正确答案为B。 第9题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，什么导致了非洲湿润期？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“The African Humid Period was driven by changes in Earth‘s orbit that strengthened the West African monsoon”直接说明原因。A项“工业温室气体排放”与时间不符；C项“二氧化碳增加”未提及；D项“人类迁徙”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第10题 答案：A 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词“replicable”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“replicable”意为“可复制的”。文中“the mechanisms that triggered past greening events are not simply replicable today”意为触发过去变绿事件的机制如今无法简单地再现或复制。B项“不可能理解的”、C项“对环境有益的”、D项“对当地社区有害的”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 第11题 答案：B 题干句意： 卫星数据显示近几十年来撒哈拉南部发生了什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“Satellite data show that parts of the southern Sahara have experienced modest greening in recent decades”直接说明部分地区出现了适度的绿化。A项“显著的、均匀的绿化”与“not uniform”矛盾；C项“比以往更干燥”与“greening”矛盾；D项“失去所有植被”与“greening”相反。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇议论文，介绍了“great unlearning”——年轻一代主动抛弃传统职场规范的现象，以及组织如何适应这一变革。 第12题 答案：B 题干句意： 文章中描述的“great unlearning”是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“a process where younger workers are actively discarding workplace norms that previous generations accepted as inevitable”直接说明定义。A项“忘记旧技能学习新技能”与定义不符；C项“疫情期间的远程工作转变”只是背景；D项“薪资要求增加”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第13题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，年轻员工优先于薪资和职位的是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“58% of workers under 30 prioritize flexibility and purpose over salary and title”直接说明灵活性和目标感。A项“工作保障和福利”、C项“声望和公司声誉”、D项“晋升机会”均与原文不符。故正确答案为B。 第14题 答案：A 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词“presenteeism”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“presenteeism”意为“出勤主义”——即使效率不高也要出现在工作场所的做法。文中“rigid hierarchies and presenteeism”并列出现，与“outdated”搭配，指僵化的等级制度和出勤主义。B项“迟到的习惯”、C项“远程工作”、D项“加班偏好”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 第15题 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕“great unlearning”概念展开，介绍职场规范的变革。A项“远程工作为何失败”偏离主题；C项“如何成为更好的管理者”过于狭隘；D项“薪资在职业选择中的重要性”仅涉及一个侧面。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“agreeing to disagree”这一常用冲突解决策略的潜在危害，以及更有效的沟通技巧，如looping和reframing。 第16题 答案：C 题干句意： 这可能看起来像一种成熟的结束冲突的方式，但它常常回避了真正的问题。 解析： 前文讨论了“agreeing to disagree”的问题——无法解决分歧，后文介绍更好的沟通技巧。C项承接前文，点明其表面成熟但实际回避问题的本质，引出后文更好的方法。故正确答案为C。 第17题 答案：A 题干句意： 这些技巧帮助建立相互理解。 解析： 前文具体描述了looping和reframing两种技巧，A项“these techniques”指代前两种技巧，说明它们的作用是建立相互理解。D项“应该永远避免”与前文介绍技巧的目的相反；F项与上下文衔接不够紧密。故正确答案为A。 第18题 答案：E 题干句意： 前者建立理解；后者制造距离。 解析： 本段讨论“agreeing to disagree”的危险在于回避情感不适，E项区分了两种处理冲突的方式，可与前文形成对比。但此处需要具体指代“agreeing to disagree”的结果。更合适的选项是C，但已用于第16空。F项与第19空对应。E作为总结性表述，使段落更完整。故正确答案为E。 第19题 答案：F 题干句意： 真正的解决需要真诚地面对分歧。 解析： 前文提到冲突的目标是更充分地理解对方，F项承接说明真正的解决方式——真诚面对分歧。G项“冲突总是有害的”与全文基调矛盾。故正确答案为F。 第20题 答案：B 题干句意： 这种方法实际上可以随着时间的推移深化关系。 解析： 前文区分了接受分歧和回避困难对话，B项“这种方法”指代前文的区别和应对方式，说明其长期效果。C已用于第16空。故正确答案为B。 多余选项： D（“同意保留分歧”应总是避免——与“sometimes accepting difference is necessary”矛盾）、G（冲突总是有害的——与全文认为冲突可以建设性解决的基调矛盾） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “Researchers have identified a phenomenon they call the ‘great unlearning’—a process where younger workers are actively discarding workplace norms that previous generations accepted as inevitable.” 翻译： 研究人员发现了一种他们称之为“大解学习”的现象——年轻工人正在积极抛弃前几代人认为不可避免的职场规范。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含定语从句和同位语结构。 主句：Researchers（主语）have identified（谓语）a phenomenon（宾语） 定语从句：（that）they call the ‘great unlearning’（修饰phenomenon，that在从句中作call的宾语） 同位语：a process...（对great unlearning的进一步解释说明） 定语从句：where younger workers are actively discarding workplace norms（where引导定语从句修饰process） 定语从句：that previous generations accepted as inevitable（修饰norms） 2. 原句： “The true picture is one of complexity, suggesting that the Sahara’s future depends on competing forces—warming, atmospheric circulation, and ecological feedback—interacting in ways that are not fully understood.” 翻译： 真实的图景是复杂的，这表明撒哈拉的未来取决于相互竞争的力量——变暖、大气环流和生态反馈——以尚未完全理解的方式相互作用。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含现在分词短语作状语、宾语从句和定语从句。 主句：The true picture is one of complexity 现在分词短语作结果状语：, suggesting that...（suggesting的逻辑主语是前面整句内容） 宾语从句：that the Sahara‘s future depends on competing forces...（作suggesting的宾语） 破折号插入语：warming, atmospheric circulation, and ecological feedback（解释competing forces的具体内容） 现在分词短语作定语：interacting in ways...（修饰forces） 定语从句：that are not fully understood（修饰ways） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $