高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Working the Land（较易版01）

高中英语单元测试 —— Unit 5 Working the Land（较易版01）（原卷版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）What does the woman say about Thomas Edison? A．He is an interesting person. B．He is terrified of the dark. C．He invented many other things. 2．（本题1.5分）Why does the woman thank the man? A．He paid her bill. B．He lent her some money. C．He returned her money. 3．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Environmental protection. B．Gardening skills. C．Greenhouse effect. 4．（本题1.5分）Where will the woman put her plants? A．In her backyard. B．In her window. C．On her balcony. 5．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation take place? A．In a supermarket. B．On a farm. C．At home. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)What does Lily suggest Mr. Stenson doing? A．Using the pesticide. B．Changing the crop. C．Watering the fields. 7．(1.5分)What do we know about Lily’s uncle? A．He often shares his products. B．He lives far from Lily. C．He is good at farming. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What’s new in the newspaper? A．A study about flowers. B．A new way of planting flowers. C．A program about making honey. 9．(1.5分)Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers? A．People with mental illness. B．Students with difficulty in study. C．Adults with physical health problems. 10．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)Why does the man want to dine with Albert Einstein? A．To experience Einstein’s sense of humor. B．To learn about Einstein’s personal life. C．To find out the roots of Einstein’s ideas. 12．(1.5分)What does Frida Kahlo do? A．An artist. B．A writer. C．A scientist. 13．(1.5分)What are the speakers doing? A．Planning a historical-themed dinner party. B．Having a history class. C．Sharing interests in historical figures. （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)How does the woman feel at first? A．Curious. B．Surprised. C．Excited. 15．(1.5分)What in the forest made the man think about rotting? A．Flowers. B．Mushrooms. C．Trees. 16．(1.5分)How many colors of the mushrooms does the woman mention? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 17．(1.5分)When will the speakers return to the forest? A．On Thursday. B．On Friday. C．On Saturday. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)Who was probably the first in the Middle Ages to encourage experimenting? A．Galileo. B．Roger Bacon. C．Aristotle. 19．(1.5分)Where did Galileo carry out his experiment? A．In France. B．In England. C．In Italy. 20．(1.5分)What is the main purpose of this talk? A．To introduce the development of modern science. B．To show the importance of scientific experiment. C．To list the discoveries by some great scientists. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）The history of science is built on the breakthroughs of brilliant minds. While many have contributed, the work of these four individuals fundamentally changed their fields and continues to impact our lives today. Otto Hahn Otto Hahn was a pioneer in the field of nuclear chemistry. His most famous achievement came in 1939 with the discovery of nuclear fission — a process that releases immense energy by splitting atomic nuclei (原子核). This breakthrough not only earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944 but also paved the way for both nuclear energy and atomic science. Earlier, in 1921, he also discovered nuclear isomerism, solidifying his role as a key figure in radiochemistry and modern physics. Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur's work has saved many lives. He discovered that tiny living things called germs (病菌) can cause sickness and make food go bad. From this, he created a way to heat milk so it is safe to drink — now called pasteurization. He is even better known for making vaccines (疫苗) against serious diseases like rabies and anthrax. His important findings helped start modern germ science and ways to prevent disease, changing how people fight infections. Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla, a visionary inventor, was instrumental in capturing the power of electricity. He championed alternating current (AC), which proved far superior to direct current for carrying electricity over long distances. This AC system became the foundation of our modern electrical network. Tesla also held groundbreaking patents in radio transmission and electromagnetism (电磁), dreaming up technologies that would only be realized long after his time. James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell transformed our understanding of electricity, magnetism, and light. Through a set of elegant equations — now known as Maxwell’s equations — he integrated the theories of electricity and magnetism into a single framework: electromagnetism. His work predicted the existence of radio waves and laid the essential groundwork for both relativity and quantum physics. 21．(2.5分)What Nobel Prize did Otto Hahn win in 1944? A．Medicine. B．Physics. C．Chemistry. D．Literature. 22．(2.5分)What is pasteurization used for? A．Making flu vaccines. B．Increasing milk production. C．Killing germs on chicken. D．Keeping milk safe to drink. 23．(2.5分)What do Tesla and Maxwell have in common? A．They studied electromagnetism. B．They predicted radio waves. C．They explored atomic nuclei. D．They invented alternating current. （本题10分）For Shu Yang, sometimes, nature gives inspiration. Other times, a problem causes Yang to see a solution that already exists in the natural world. She looked to tornadoes (龙卷风) for a new structure for window covers, which could passively heat or cool buildings. The skin of the African elephant helped her envision a new kind of wall coating to help deal with heat waves. Yang also developed a glue that’s strong enough to hold shelves on walls yet easy enough to remove if wetted again. Yang, a materials scientist, consults the natural world when looking to solve humanity’s problems. “Some companies mine biology to develop drugs,” Yang once told herself. Could she do the same thing with engineering? She employs what’s called biomimicry: studying organically occurring structures and rethinking them to inspire new and often more sustainable solutions. Growing up in China, Yang says her family didn’t have a lot of money. So by necessity she looked outside for entertainment. “There was not too much to explore other than nature,” Yang says. Her mother was a physical education teacher. “That’s why I’m also an athlete,” Yang says of her busy and productive pace. While many scientists are wary of speaking about developing theories or unpublished work, Yang is not guarded with her ideas. “I have tons of ideas,” she says. Being open during the process also allows her to team up with experts in other fields; she works with biologists, materials scientists, and textile engineers. “I don’t think I’m the supersmart person, but I bring the smart people together,” she says. “And any new idea, after a year or two, becomes an old idea.” In the meantime, Yang can focus on her next idea, while her partners take what they’ve worked on together to a place she might never have imagined. 24．(2.5分)What inspires Shu Yang’s scientific research ideas? A．Historical engineering projects. B．Her difficulty in learning biology. C．Structures and phenomena in nature. D．Unfinished theories from other scientists. 25．(2.5分)What is mentioned about Shu Yang’s childhood? A．She lived a wealthy life. B．Her mother taught her physics. C．Nature was her main entertainment. D．Her early interest lay in medical research. 26．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “wary” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Careful. B．Proud. C．Capable. D．Ashamed. 27．(2.5分)What is Yang’s work philosophy? A．Working alone and sticking to ideas. B．Relying on experts and being imaginative. C．Focusing on one project and perfecting it. D．Valuing teamwork and keeping innovating. （本题10分）One useful farming method in China is the Mulberry Dike Fish Pond System. In 2017, the system in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, was recognized by the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization as an important global agricultural cultural heritage. It is not only a highly productive farm scene but also a perfect example of being kind to the environment. According to history records, this system first appeared over 2,500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn period. It became well-known and widely used in the Pearl River Delta during the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the area was full of wet lowlands and floods happened very often. To deal with this problem, ancient Chinese people dug up mud to build square banks. They planted mulberry trees (桑树) on the banks and raised fish in the water between them, forming a beautiful chessboard-like landscape. The following is the illustration Daily work is important for local farmers. Careful cutting of mulberry branch helps grow better leaves for silkworms. Timely collection of silkworm waste will furnish fish with food. Seasonal digging of pond mud supplies nutrients to mulberry trees. Regular checks of pond water level keep the water fit for fish. This traditional system is truly zero-waste and good for nature, forming a complete and smart cycle. It cuts flood risks, raises farm output, and cleans water. Today, people use advanced skills to improve the system, building a “3D farming model” to make the production chain longer and bring more money. 28．(2.5分)Why did ancient Chinese build Mulberry Dike Fish Pond System? A．To reduce flood problems. B．To admire natural wonders. C．To increase silk production. D．To create tourism attractions. 29．(2.5分)What is the illustration mainly about? A．The working principle of the system. B．The food sources of silkworms. C．The mulberry tree planting techniques. D．The freshwater fish farming model. 30．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “furnish” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Transform. B．Supply. C．Remove. D．Decorate. 31．(2.5分)What is the advantage of “3D farming model” over the traditional system? A．It costs less to run the system. B．It is zero-waste and eco-friendly. C．It shortens the production chain to save time. D．It promotes production and increases income. （本题10分）The world’s population will reach 9.5 billion by 2050, and we need more land to grow food. However, today’s farming uses 70% of the world’s fresh water, makes water dirty with chemicals, and needs a lot of fossil fuels. What’s worse, there is no new usable land left for farming. A good solution is vertical (垂直的) farms — growing crops indoors in tall buildings in cities. These farms use much less water than traditional farming, avoid droughts and floods, and produce food all year round. They also cut the cost of moving food and reduce food going bad, as food is sold near where it is grown. Some tested technologies make vertical farms possible. Drip irrigation (滴灌) sends water rich in nutrients straight to plant roots, saving a lot of water. Aeroponics (气培法) lets plants grow in air with wet air and nutrients(no soil needed), and hydroponics (水培法) grows plants in water with nutrients. All these methods work well indoors. Cities have good spaces for vertical farms, such as empty land, old buildings or rooftops. These farms can reuse city wastewater to water crops and burn plant waste to make electricity. Experts say no new technologies are needed to build good vertical farms. Vertical farms can make cities more sustainable: using resources without wasting them and keeping nature balanced. They create new jobs, offer fresh food, and do less harm to the planet. The only question is — when will we start building them? 32．(2.5分)What is a big problem for farming today? A．Enough land for farming. B．Little fresh water in farming. C．No population growth. D．No new usable farmland. 33．(2.5分)What can we infer about vertical farms? A．Vertical farms make more food go bad easily. B．Vertical farms need more fossil fuels to run. C．Vertical farms can cut down on farming pollution. D．Vertical farms take up more land than traditional farms. 34．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Natural resources. B．Sustainable cities. C．Vertical farms. D．Balanced nature. 35．(2.5分)What is the best title for the text? A．Vertical Farms: A Smart Solution for Future Farming B．Population Growth: A Big Problem for Food Supply C．Traditional Farming: Its High Costs and Wastes D．New Irrigation Methods: Saving Water for Crops （本题12.5分）Gardening is a hobby, a way of providing food to the community, a profession and a fantastic way to fill the refrigerator. 36(2.5分) One voice has been trying to shift the traditional farming practices since the 1980s. English horticulturalist Charles Dowding began experimenting with no-dig gardening to test the effectiveness of the process. His results have repeatedly proven the many benefits of the practice. What is no-dig gardening? 37(2.5分) After all, for more than a century, gardening’s first step has always been farming the soil. No-dig gardening goes against everything you know about cultivating seeds and plants. Actually, no-dig gardening is quite simple. 38(2.5分) Like all gardens, a no-dig plot needs to have access to full sun. However, it can be placed on your prepared garden bed, a raised bed, or even pots. In order to continue the no-dig gardening process, you need to remove any grass or weeds from your planting area. Do this by cutting them as low as possible. Following the removal of grass or weeds, lay down the dampened cardboard or newspaper, followed by a layer of straw (一层稻草). On top of that, layer rich compost (堆肥). 39(2.5分) On the compost, add a layer of manure (肥料). If you don’t like the strong smell of fresh manure, you can add an additional layer of straw to the top. Also note you can mix these layers around with similar results. 40(2.5分) Simply part the prepared soil and place the seeds at recommended depth and intervals (间隔). Water your newly planted seeds and monitor moisture levels as they grow. Note that they may require less water than a traditional garden. A．You need to select the seeds carefully. B．Once your quality mix is ready, plant your seeds. C．It starts with finding the right location for your garden. D．This is consistent with traditional soil management techniques. E．But not all gardening is created equal when it comes to sustainability. F．This can be bought, received from a neighbor or made in your own backyard. G．It’s exactly what it sounds like, but that might leave you unable to imagine how to garden. 三、完形填空 （本题15分）Qiu Yueqi, born in 2000, is a PhD student at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. In 2025, she 41 the Young Investigator Award at the International Society for Magnetic Resonance (磁共振) in Medicine (ISMRM) meeting. She was the only winner of this award in the world that year, and the first Chinese 42 to receive this honor. Her 43 started in 2018 when she entered university. In class, she first learned about MRI technology — a(n) 44 that helps see the inside of the body — and became 45 interested in it. But the road was not easy. To build their first portable (便携的) MRI scanner (扫描仪), Qiu and her team worked in a dark underground lab for months. They tested the parts and put them together day after day until finally, a clear image (图像) 46 on the screen. What makes her work so 47 ? Traditional MRI machines are very 48 and expensive. Many hospitals in small towns cannot 49 them. Qiu’s research helps make smaller, cheaper MRI machines that can still take good 50 . This means more people, even those in 51 places, can get proper medical examinations. Qiu’s story teaches young people that 52 does not come overnight. It takes hard work, patience, and the courage to keep trying even when things get 53 . As she once said, “Every screw (螺丝) we put in counts (重要).” Whether in science or any other field, small steps every day can 54 big achievements. She 55 teenagers to value learning chances and keep a balanced life, for it is necessary to mix study with proper rest while sticking to research dreams. 41．(1分)A．missed B．won C．lost D．refused 42．(1分)A．professor B．scientist C．visitor D．artist 43．(1分)A．habit B．dream C．journey D．talent 44．(1分)A．technology B．problem C．hobby D．experiment 45．(1分)A．hardly B．happily C．quietly D．deeply 46．(1分)A．appeared B．drawn C．flew D．produced 47．(1分)A．important B．surprised C．harmful D．comfortable 48．(1分)A．tiny B．heavy C．huge D．slow 49．(1分)A．treat B．afford C．complete D．solve 50．(1分)A．reports B．instructions C．pictures D．interviews 51．(1分)A．central B．crowded C．local D．faraway 52．(1分)A．luck B．praise C．money D．success 53．(1分)A．interesting B．difficult C．hopeful D．dangerous 54．(1分)A．lead to B．pick up C．play against D．wake up 55．(1分)A．encourages B．forces C．warns D．orders 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo and silk, etc. Some cultures even carved marks on pieces of stone. Writing materials were expensive and hard to use, and few people learned 56(1.5分) (read). Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks to a man named Cai Lun. Cai Lun began to work as a palace servant in Imperial China in the year 75 CE. His service to the emperor 57(1.5分) (reward) with several promotions. In the year 89, Cai Lun was put in charge of making paper, 58(1.5分) was his most important promotion. Paper had already existed in China, but the process for making it was difficult and the paper was low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting with many different materials and different 59(1.5分) (way) of reducing those materials to paper. In the year 105, Cai Lun 60(1.5分) (show) the emperor a way of making paper from bamboo, cloth rags, and fishing nets. This 61(1.5分)   (improve) in technology was a key step forward. 62(1.5分) this means, making paper was much more efficient. The emperor was pleased and gave Cai Lun great wealth. Because of Cai Lun’s paper making method, Chinese culture grew more rapidly over the next several centuries. That’s because ideas were much 63(1.5分) (easy) to share. Quickly, paper use reached beyond China,   64(1.5分) (help) to spread knowledge. Therefore, it enabled other cultures to record and spread 65(1.5分) (they) ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是李华，你校校园科技节简报正在举办题为My favorite scientist的征文活动，请你投稿。内容要点如下： (1)科学家基本简介； (2)他/她的主要科学成就； (3)你推崇这位科学家的原因。 注意：(1)词数80左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 My favorite scientist __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My father’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum, which made the comb(梳子)two years older than I was. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?” I was more than happy to do it. At age five this mundane task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me and place the comb on top of his wallet. About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. He didn’t come home as much as he used to—just a couple of times a week. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him. Today, I’m no longer a kid. I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has got back on track. Things are better now. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me continued. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ But this time, I noticed something different when I had a closer look at my father. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Working the Land（较易版01） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）What does the woman say about Thomas Edison? A．He is an interesting person. B．He is terrified of the dark. C．He invented many other things. 【答案】B 【原文】W: Have you heard of Thomas Edison? M: Sure. He was an inventor who invented the light bulb. W: That’s right. He invented the world’s first long-lasting light bulb. And actually he had an inspiration because he’s afraid of the dark! M: Really? Interesting! 2．（本题1.5分）Why does the woman thank the man? A．He paid her bill. B．He lent her some money. C．He returned her money. 【答案】C 【原文】M: Does this Bill belong to you? W: Oh, thanks. I’ve just lost five pounds. M: I’m glad that I found the owner, otherwise I would have to go to the lost and found. 3．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Environmental protection. B．Gardening skills. C．Greenhouse effect. 【答案】B 【原文】W: Is September really a good month to take cuttings of roses? M: Well, it's the best month, because you don't need to protect them at all. You don't need a greenhouse. All you need is a bit of reasonably worked soil. 4．（本题1.5分）Where will the woman put her plants? A．In her backyard. B．In her window. C．On her balcony. 【答案】B 【原文】M: What are those plants for? W: They’re for my garden. M: You have a garden? But you don’t have a backyard. W: I know. I’ll put these plants in my window. They will get plenty of sunlight, and I can water them easily. 5．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation take place? A．In a supermarket. B．On a farm. C．At home. 【答案】C 【原文】W: I just bought some strawberries from the supermarket. The salesperson said they were fresh from the farm. M: I’ll go to the kitchen and wash them. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)What does Lily suggest Mr. Stenson doing? A．Using the pesticide. B．Changing the crop. C．Watering the fields. 7．(1.5分)What do we know about Lily’s uncle? A．He often shares his products. B．He lives far from Lily. C．He is good at farming. 【答案】6．B 7．C 【原文】W: Mr. Stenson, I think you need to replace corn with another plant in your fields. M: Yes, Lily. But I’m not sure what plant is better. Some people say I should go for beans, while some say wheat is a good choice. W: I personally can’t help you with this, but I can ask my uncle. He works on a farm and has helped a lot of farmers. M: That’d be great. Hmm … What do you think if I invite him to visit my farm? W: Good idea! He lives not far from here. And he’ll be able to spare you a few hours next Saturday. M: Thank you very much. I promise to give you the first new products from my fields! （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What’s new in the newspaper? A．A study about flowers. B．A new way of planting flowers. C．A program about making honey. 9．(1.5分)Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers? A．People with mental illness. B．Students with difficulty in study. C．Adults with physical health problems. 10．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates. 【答案】8．A 9．A 10．B 【原文】W: Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper? M: Yes. Researchers have recently published a new study about the source of honey. W: Flowers? I just know that without flowers, our food supply would be in trouble. M: Exactly. Now flowers can help humans in another way. Researchers say planting flowers may help people with mental health problems. W: Really? Can we call it “Flower Therapy”? M: Yes! In fact, the U.S. government once had a program that taught soldiers returning from the First World War how to plant flowers. W: I know many soldiers have trouble dealing with the experiences of war. M: The program is not a new thing. Other countries also have similar programs. W: I will plant some flowers in our yard. M: Put your chair out, bathe in the sunshine and watch the flowers as they bloom. It’s really relaxing, right? W: Yes! That is what I want. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)Why does the man want to dine with Albert Einstein? A．To experience Einstein’s sense of humor. B．To learn about Einstein’s personal life. C．To find out the roots of Einstein’s ideas. 12．(1.5分)What does Frida Kahlo do? A．An artist. B．A writer. C．A scientist. 13．(1.5分)What are the speakers doing? A．Planning a historical-themed dinner party. B．Having a history class. C．Sharing interests in historical figures. 【答案】11．A 12．A 13．C 【原文】W: If you could have dinner with any famous person from the past, who would it be? M: Hmm, that’s a thoughtful question. Maybe I’d go with Albert Einstein. W: Really? Are his theories interesting to you? M: Actually, I’m more curious about his thoughts on modern scientific advancements. And I’ve always heard he had a good sense of humor. I’d love to experience that myself. W: That does sound interesting. M: Yes. What about you? Who would you pick? W: I think I’d choose Frida Kahlo. Her life seemed full of struggles yet she was able to create such powerful and emotional art. M: Her life story is quite inspiring. And her perspective on art and life would be fascinating to study. W: Absolutely. Plus, I want to hear directly from her about the political and cultural climate of the day as well as the era she lived in. （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)How does the woman feel at first? A．Curious. B．Surprised. C．Excited. 15．(1.5分)What in the forest made the man think about rotting? A．Flowers. B．Mushrooms. C．Trees. 16．(1.5分)How many colors of the mushrooms does the woman mention? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 17．(1.5分)When will the speakers return to the forest? A．On Thursday. B．On Friday. C．On Saturday. 【答案】14．A 15．B 16．B 17．C 【原文】W: You said a strange thing on our walk today. You said you love to see things rotting. I’m curious to know why you said that. M: It’s nothing to get excited about, but I’m happy to explain. Nature is so clever in the way it makes some things rot away to nothing and then creates new life from what is left over. W: But why did you mention it on our walk? We were in the forest at the time. M: I saw some mushrooms growing on a fallen branch. They help recycle the dead wood, so that more trees and flowers can grow. It’s a beautiful system. W: Yes, nature is an expert recycler—and mushrooms can be as beautiful as flowers. Those little yellow ones were unusual—and do you remember the large orange ones? Best of all were the red ones. M: I could look at things like that all day. The subject really interests me. We’ll have to walk there again next Friday. W: Thursday would be better for me. M: I can’t make it then. I have booked an appointment at the dentist. What about Saturday? W: It’s a date. We’ll explore the magic of mushrooms. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)Who was probably the first in the Middle Ages to encourage experimenting? A．Galileo. B．Roger Bacon. C．Aristotle. 19．(1.5分)Where did Galileo carry out his experiment? A．In France. B．In England. C．In Italy. 20．(1.5分)What is the main purpose of this talk? A．To introduce the development of modern science. B．To show the importance of scientific experiment. C．To list the discoveries by some great scientists. 【答案】18．B 19．C 20．B 【原文】 Hello, everyone. Today my speech is aimed at people who are interested in science. The rise of modern science may be considered to date as far back as the time of Roger Bacon who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to believe that we must learn science by experimenting on the things around us. Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men. In Italy, France, Germany, or England, they began to show how many important truths could be discovered by experiment. Before the time of Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fall more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, let fall two unequal stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s spirit of going direct to Nature, and proving our opinions and theories by experiment, that has led to all the great discoveries of modern science. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）The history of science is built on the breakthroughs of brilliant minds. While many have contributed, the work of these four individuals fundamentally changed their fields and continues to impact our lives today. Otto Hahn Otto Hahn was a pioneer in the field of nuclear chemistry. His most famous achievement came in 1939 with the discovery of nuclear fission — a process that releases immense energy by splitting atomic nuclei (原子核). This breakthrough not only earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944 but also paved the way for both nuclear energy and atomic science. Earlier, in 1921, he also discovered nuclear isomerism, solidifying his role as a key figure in radiochemistry and modern physics. Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur's work has saved many lives. He discovered that tiny living things called germs (病菌) can cause sickness and make food go bad. From this, he created a way to heat milk so it is safe to drink — now called pasteurization. He is even better known for making vaccines (疫苗) against serious diseases like rabies and anthrax. His important findings helped start modern germ science and ways to prevent disease, changing how people fight infections. Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla, a visionary inventor, was instrumental in capturing the power of electricity. He championed alternating current (AC), which proved far superior to direct current for carrying electricity over long distances. This AC system became the foundation of our modern electrical network. Tesla also held groundbreaking patents in radio transmission and electromagnetism (电磁), dreaming up technologies that would only be realized long after his time. James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell transformed our understanding of electricity, magnetism, and light. Through a set of elegant equations — now known as Maxwell’s equations — he integrated the theories of electricity and magnetism into a single framework: electromagnetism. His work predicted the existence of radio waves and laid the essential groundwork for both relativity and quantum physics. 21．(2.5分)What Nobel Prize did Otto Hahn win in 1944? A．Medicine. B．Physics. C．Chemistry. D．Literature. 22．(2.5分)What is pasteurization used for? A．Making flu vaccines. B．Increasing milk production. C．Killing germs on chicken. D．Keeping milk safe to drink. 23．(2.5分)What do Tesla and Maxwell have in common? A．They studied electromagnetism. B．They predicted radio waves. C．They explored atomic nuclei. D．They invented alternating current. 【答案】21．C 22．D 23．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了四位杰出科学家在各自领域的突破性成就及其对人类社会的深远影响。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据Otto Hahn部分“This breakthrough not only earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944 but also paved the way for both nuclear energy and atomic science. (这一突破不仅使他于1944年获得诺贝尔化学奖，也为核能和原子科学的发展铺平了道路。)”可知，Otto Hahn在1944年获得了诺贝尔化学奖。 22．细节理解题。根据Louis Pasteur部分“From this, he created a way to heat milk so it is safe to drink — now called pasteurization. (由此，他发明了一种加热牛奶的方法，使其安全可饮用——如今称为巴氏杀菌。)”可知，巴氏杀菌法是加热牛奶使其可以安全饮用。 23．细节理解题。根据Nikola Tesla部分“Tesla also held groundbreaking patents in radio transmission and electromagnetism (电磁), dreaming up technologies that would only be realized long after his time. (Tesla还拥有无线电传输和电磁学领域的开创性专利，他设想的技术直到很久之后才得以实现。)”及James Clerk Maxwell部分“Through a set of elegant equations — now known as Maxwell’s equations — he integrated the theories of electricity and magnetism into a single framework: electromagnetism. (通过一组优雅的方程——如今被称为麦克斯韦方程组——他将电学和磁学理论整合成一个统一的框架：电磁学。)”可知，Tesla和Maxwell都研究了电磁学。 （本题10分）For Shu Yang, sometimes, nature gives inspiration. Other times, a problem causes Yang to see a solution that already exists in the natural world. She looked to tornadoes (龙卷风) for a new structure for window covers, which could passively heat or cool buildings. The skin of the African elephant helped her envision a new kind of wall coating to help deal with heat waves. Yang also developed a glue that’s strong enough to hold shelves on walls yet easy enough to remove if wetted again. Yang, a materials scientist, consults the natural world when looking to solve humanity’s problems. “Some companies mine biology to develop drugs,” Yang once told herself. Could she do the same thing with engineering? She employs what’s called biomimicry: studying organically occurring structures and rethinking them to inspire new and often more sustainable solutions. Growing up in China, Yang says her family didn’t have a lot of money. So by necessity she looked outside for entertainment. “There was not too much to explore other than nature,” Yang says. Her mother was a physical education teacher. “That’s why I’m also an athlete,” Yang says of her busy and productive pace. While many scientists are wary of speaking about developing theories or unpublished work, Yang is not guarded with her ideas. “I have tons of ideas,” she says. Being open during the process also allows her to team up with experts in other fields; she works with biologists, materials scientists, and textile engineers. “I don’t think I’m the supersmart person, but I bring the smart people together,” she says. “And any new idea, after a year or two, becomes an old idea.” In the meantime, Yang can focus on her next idea, while her partners take what they’ve worked on together to a place she might never have imagined. 24．(2.5分)What inspires Shu Yang’s scientific research ideas? A．Historical engineering projects. B．Her difficulty in learning biology. C．Structures and phenomena in nature. D．Unfinished theories from other scientists. 25．(2.5分)What is mentioned about Shu Yang’s childhood? A．She lived a wealthy life. B．Her mother taught her physics. C．Nature was her main entertainment. D．Her early interest lay in medical research. 26．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “wary” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Careful. B．Proud. C．Capable. D．Ashamed. 27．(2.5分)What is Yang’s work philosophy? A．Working alone and sticking to ideas. B．Relying on experts and being imaginative. C．Focusing on one project and perfecting it. D．Valuing teamwork and keeping innovating. 【答案】24．C 25．C 26．A 27．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述材料科学家杨舒受大自然启发开展仿生研究，童年常亲近自然，她乐于分享创意、注重跨领域合作，坚持持续创新。 【详解】24．细节理解题。根据第一段“For Shu Yang, sometimes, nature gives inspiration. Other times, a problem causes Yang to see a solution that already exists in the natural world.(对于杨舒来说，有时大自然会给予灵感。其他时候，某个问题会让她发现自然界中早已存在的解决方案。)”可知，自然界中的结构与现象启发了她的科研思路。故选C项。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段“Growing up in China, Yang says her family didn’t have a lot of money. So by necessity she looked outside for entertainment. “There was not too much to explore other than nature,” Yang says. (在中国长大的杨说，她家里并不富裕。因此，她只能去户外寻找乐趣。“除了大自然，没什么别的可以探索的。” 杨说道。)”可知，大自然是她童年主要的娱乐来源。故选C项。 26．词句猜测题。根据第四段“While many scientists are wary of speaking about developing theories or unpublished work, Yang is not guarded with her ideas.(尽管许多科学家对谈论正在形成的理论或未发表的研究wary，但杨舒对自己的想法并不设防。)”可知，这里用其他科学家和杨舒对比，说他们对谈论正在形成的理论或未发表的研究十分谨慎，所以wary意为“谨慎的，小心的”，与Careful含义相近。故选A项。 27．推理判断题。根据第四段“Being open during the process also allows her to team up with experts in other fields; she works with biologists, materials scientists, and textile engineers.(在这个过程中保持开放的心态，也让她得以与其他领域的专家合作；她与生物学家、材料科学家以及纺织工程师一同工作。)”以及第五段“And any new idea, after a year or two, becomes an old idea.(任何新想法，在一两年之后，都会变成旧想法。)”可知，她重视团队合作并坚持不断创新。故选D项。 （本题10分）One useful farming method in China is the Mulberry Dike Fish Pond System. In 2017, the system in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, was recognized by the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization as an important global agricultural cultural heritage. It is not only a highly productive farm scene but also a perfect example of being kind to the environment. According to history records, this system first appeared over 2,500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn period. It became well-known and widely used in the Pearl River Delta during the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the area was full of wet lowlands and floods happened very often. To deal with this problem, ancient Chinese people dug up mud to build square banks. They planted mulberry trees (桑树) on the banks and raised fish in the water between them, forming a beautiful chessboard-like landscape. The following is the illustration Daily work is important for local farmers. Careful cutting of mulberry branch helps grow better leaves for silkworms. Timely collection of silkworm waste will furnish fish with food. Seasonal digging of pond mud supplies nutrients to mulberry trees. Regular checks of pond water level keep the water fit for fish. This traditional system is truly zero-waste and good for nature, forming a complete and smart cycle. It cuts flood risks, raises farm output, and cleans water. Today, people use advanced skills to improve the system, building a “3D farming model” to make the production chain longer and bring more money. 28．(2.5分)Why did ancient Chinese build Mulberry Dike Fish Pond System? A．To reduce flood problems. B．To admire natural wonders. C．To increase silk production. D．To create tourism attractions. 29．(2.5分)What is the illustration mainly about? A．The working principle of the system. B．The food sources of silkworms. C．The mulberry tree planting techniques. D．The freshwater fish farming model. 30．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “furnish” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Transform. B．Supply. C．Remove. D．Decorate. 31．(2.5分)What is the advantage of “3D farming model” over the traditional system? A．It costs less to run the system. B．It is zero-waste and eco-friendly. C．It shortens the production chain to save time. D．It promotes production and increases income. 【答案】28．A 29．A 30．B 31．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国一种实用的农业方法——桑基鱼塘系统。该系统于2017年被联合国粮农组织认定为全球重要农业文化遗产，文章阐述了其起源、形成原因、运作原理、优势以及现代的改进。 【详解】28．细节理解题。根据第二段“At that time, the area was full of wet lowlands and floods happened very often. To deal with this problem, ancient Chinese people dug up mud to build square banks.(当时，该地区到处是潮湿的低地，洪水频发。为了解决这个问题，古代中国人挖出泥土建造方形堤坝)”可知，古代中国人建造桑基鱼塘系统是为了减少洪水问题。故选A项。 29．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Daily work is important for local farmers. Careful cutting of mulberry branch helps grow better leaves for silkworms. Timely collection of silkworm waste will furnish fish with food. Seasonal digging of pond mud supplies nutrients to mulberry trees. Regular checks of pond water level keep the water fit for fish.(日常管护对当地农户来说至关重要。精心修剪桑枝，能为蚕培育出更优质的桑叶；及时收集蚕粪，可作为鱼儿的饵料；按期挖取塘泥，能为桑树补充养分；定期检查塘内水位，能让水质始终适合鱼类生存)”可知，该部分介绍了桑基鱼塘的日常运营：修剪桑枝为蚕提供优质桑叶、收集蚕粪喂鱼、挖塘泥为桑树施肥、检查水位保证鱼类生存，这些都是桑基鱼塘系统核心的运作原理，即桑树、蚕、蚕沙、鱼、塘泥等之间相互关联、相互作用的关系。故选A项。 30．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Timely collection of silkworm waste will furnish fish with food.(及时收集蚕沙将为鱼furnish食物)”可知，蚕沙能为鱼提供食物，“furnish”意思是“提供”。故选B项。 31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Today, people use advanced skills to improve the system, building a “3D farming model” to make the production chain longer and bring more money.(如今，人们运用先进技术改进该系统，构建“立体农业模式”，使生产链更长，带来更多收入。)”可知，“3D农业模式”相比传统系统的优势在于促进生产并增加收入。故选D项。 （本题10分）The world’s population will reach 9.5 billion by 2050, and we need more land to grow food. However, today’s farming uses 70% of the world’s fresh water, makes water dirty with chemicals, and needs a lot of fossil fuels. What’s worse, there is no new usable land left for farming. A good solution is vertical (垂直的) farms — growing crops indoors in tall buildings in cities. These farms use much less water than traditional farming, avoid droughts and floods, and produce food all year round. They also cut the cost of moving food and reduce food going bad, as food is sold near where it is grown. Some tested technologies make vertical farms possible. Drip irrigation (滴灌) sends water rich in nutrients straight to plant roots, saving a lot of water. Aeroponics (气培法) lets plants grow in air with wet air and nutrients(no soil needed), and hydroponics (水培法) grows plants in water with nutrients. All these methods work well indoors. Cities have good spaces for vertical farms, such as empty land, old buildings or rooftops. These farms can reuse city wastewater to water crops and burn plant waste to make electricity. Experts say no new technologies are needed to build good vertical farms. Vertical farms can make cities more sustainable: using resources without wasting them and keeping nature balanced. They create new jobs, offer fresh food, and do less harm to the planet. The only question is — when will we start building them? 32．(2.5分)What is a big problem for farming today? A．Enough land for farming. B．Little fresh water in farming. C．No population growth. D．No new usable farmland. 33．(2.5分)What can we infer about vertical farms? A．Vertical farms make more food go bad easily. B．Vertical farms need more fossil fuels to run. C．Vertical farms can cut down on farming pollution. D．Vertical farms take up more land than traditional farms. 34．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Natural resources. B．Sustainable cities. C．Vertical farms. D．Balanced nature. 35．(2.5分)What is the best title for the text? A．Vertical Farms: A Smart Solution for Future Farming B．Population Growth: A Big Problem for Food Supply C．Traditional Farming: Its High Costs and Wastes D．New Irrigation Methods: Saving Water for Crops 【答案】32．D 33．C 34．C 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了垂直农场是解决未来农业问题的有效方案。 【详解】32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“What’s worse, there is no new usable land left for farming.(更糟糕的是，没有新的可用土地用于农业)”可知，如今农业面临的一个大问题是没有新的可用农田。故选D。 33．推理判断题。根据第二段中“These farms use much less water than traditional farming, avoid droughts and floods, and produce food all year round. They also cut the cost of moving food and reduce food going bad, as food is sold near where it is grown.(这些农场比传统农业用水少得多，避免了干旱和洪水，全年都能生产粮食。它们还降低了运输食物的成本，减少了食物变质，因为食物是在种植地附近出售的)”以及第三段中“Drip irrigation (滴灌) sends water rich in nutrients straight to plant roots, saving a lot of water. Aeroponics (气培法) lets plants grow in air with wet air and nutrients(no soil needed), and hydroponics (水培法) grows plants in water with nutrients. All these methods work well indoors.(滴灌直接将富含营养的水输送到植物根部，节省了大量水分。气培法让植物在潮湿的空气和营养中生长（不需要土壤），水培法则是在含有营养的水中种植植物。所有这些方法在室内都很有效)”可知，垂直农场节水、节能、就近生产，可减少污染与浪费，所以垂直农场可以减少农业污染。故选C。 34．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Vertical farms can make cities more sustainable: using resources without wasting them and keeping nature balanced. They create new jobs, offer fresh food, and do less harm to the planet. The only question is — when will we start building them?(垂直农场可以使城市更具可持续性：利用资源而不浪费，保持自然平衡。它们创造了新的就业机会，提供新鲜的食物，对地球的危害也更小。唯一的问题是——我们什么时候开始建造它们？)”可知，垂直农场能够创造就业机会等，所以they指代上文提到的“Vertical farms”。故选C。 35．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“A good solution is vertical (垂直的) farms — growing crops indoors in tall buildings in cities.(一个好的解决方案是垂直农场——在城市的高楼大厦里室内种植农作物)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了垂直农场是解决未来农业问题的有效方案，所以A项“Vertical Farms: A Smart Solution for Future Farming.(垂直农场：未来农业的明智解决方案)”是最佳标题。故选A。 （本题12.5分）Gardening is a hobby, a way of providing food to the community, a profession and a fantastic way to fill the refrigerator. 36(2.5分) One voice has been trying to shift the traditional farming practices since the 1980s. English horticulturalist Charles Dowding began experimenting with no-dig gardening to test the effectiveness of the process. His results have repeatedly proven the many benefits of the practice. What is no-dig gardening? 37(2.5分) After all, for more than a century, gardening’s first step has always been farming the soil. No-dig gardening goes against everything you know about cultivating seeds and plants. Actually, no-dig gardening is quite simple. 38(2.5分) Like all gardens, a no-dig plot needs to have access to full sun. However, it can be placed on your prepared garden bed, a raised bed, or even pots. In order to continue the no-dig gardening process, you need to remove any grass or weeds from your planting area. Do this by cutting them as low as possible. Following the removal of grass or weeds, lay down the dampened cardboard or newspaper, followed by a layer of straw (一层稻草). On top of that, layer rich compost (堆肥). 39(2.5分) On the compost, add a layer of manure (肥料). If you don’t like the strong smell of fresh manure, you can add an additional layer of straw to the top. Also note you can mix these layers around with similar results. 40(2.5分) Simply part the prepared soil and place the seeds at recommended depth and intervals (间隔). Water your newly planted seeds and monitor moisture levels as they grow. Note that they may require less water than a traditional garden. A．You need to select the seeds carefully. B．Once your quality mix is ready, plant your seeds. C．It starts with finding the right location for your garden. D．This is consistent with traditional soil management techniques. E．But not all gardening is created equal when it comes to sustainability. F．This can be bought, received from a neighbor or made in your own backyard. G．It’s exactly what it sounds like, but that might leave you unable to imagine how to garden. 【答案】36．E 37．G 38．C 39．F 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了免挖掘园艺的概念及具体实施方法。 【详解】36．前文“Gardening is a hobby, a way of providing food to the community, a profession and a fantastic way to fill the refrigerator. (园艺是一种爱好，一种为社区提供食物的方式，一种职业，一种填满冰箱的奇妙方式)”提到人们做园艺的各种目的，后文“One voice has been trying to shift the traditional farming practices since the 1980s. English horticulturalist Charles Dowding began experimenting with no-dig gardening to test the effectiveness of the process. (自20世纪80年代以来，一种声音一直试图改变传统的农业实践。英国园艺学家Charles Dowding开始试验免挖掘园艺，以测试这一过程的有效性)”提到与传统园艺不同的免挖掘园艺，因此E项“But not all gardening is created equal when it comes to sustainability. (但在可持续性方面，并非所有的园艺都是一样的)”符合语境，指出不同园艺的可持续性不同，和前文构成转折，引出后文的园艺变革。故选E。 37．前文“What is no-dig gardening? (什么是免挖掘园艺)”对免挖掘园艺的概念提问，后文“After all, for more than a century, gardening’s first step has always been farming the soil. (毕竟，一个多世纪以来，园艺的第一步一直是耕种土壤)”提到园艺往往从耕种土壤开始，因此G项“It’s exactly what it sounds like, but that might leave you unable to imagine how to garden. (这完全就是字面意思，但这可能会让你无法想象如何进行园艺)”符合语境，说明免挖掘园艺指的就是其字面意义，但这会带来困扰，回答前文的问题，后文是对困扰原因的解释。故选G。 38．前文“Actually, no-dig gardening is quite simple. (实际上，免挖掘园艺很简单)”提到免挖掘园艺是简单的，后文“Like all gardens, a no-dig plot needs to have access to full sun. However, it can be placed on your prepared garden bed, a raised bed, or even pots. (和所有花园一样，一个无需挖掘的地块也需要有充足的阳光。不过，它可以建在你准备好的花床上、高架花床里，甚至花盆中)”具体说明免挖掘地块的位置选择，因此C项“It starts with finding the right location for your garden. (首先要为你的花园找到合适的位置)”符合语境，指出首先要选择合适的位置，承接前文，后文是对其具体说明。故选C。 39．前文“On top of that, layer rich compost (堆肥). (在上面，铺上一层丰富的堆肥)”提到铺堆肥的步骤，因此F项“This can be bought, received from a neighbor or made in your own backyard. (这个可以买到，也可以从邻居那里收到，也可以在自己的后院制作)”符合语境，指出堆肥的来源是多样的，承接前文，其中的This指代前一句中的rich compost。故选F。 40．后文“Simply part the prepared soil and place the seeds at recommended depth and intervals (间隔). Water your newly planted seeds and monitor moisture levels as they grow. (只需将准备好的土壤分开，按照建议的深度和间距放置种子。给新种下的种子浇水，并在它们生长过程中监测湿度水平)”具体介绍播种的方法，因此B项“Once your quality mix is ready, plant your seeds. (一旦你的优质混合物准备好了，就开始播种)”符合语境，提到播种的前提，引出后文的方法。故选B。 三、完形填空 （本题15分）Qiu Yueqi, born in 2000, is a PhD student at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. In 2025, she 41 the Young Investigator Award at the International Society for Magnetic Resonance (磁共振) in Medicine (ISMRM) meeting. She was the only winner of this award in the world that year, and the first Chinese 42 to receive this honor. Her 43 started in 2018 when she entered university. In class, she first learned about MRI technology — a(n) 44 that helps see the inside of the body — and became 45 interested in it. But the road was not easy. To build their first portable (便携的) MRI scanner (扫描仪), Qiu and her team worked in a dark underground lab for months. They tested the parts and put them together day after day until finally, a clear image (图像) 46 on the screen. What makes her work so 47 ? Traditional MRI machines are very 48 and expensive. Many hospitals in small towns cannot 49 them. Qiu’s research helps make smaller, cheaper MRI machines that can still take good 50 . This means more people, even those in 51 places, can get proper medical examinations. Qiu’s story teaches young people that 52 does not come overnight. It takes hard work, patience, and the courage to keep trying even when things get 53 . As she once said, “Every screw (螺丝) we put in counts (重要).” Whether in science or any other field, small steps every day can 54 big achievements. She 55 teenagers to value learning chances and keep a balanced life, for it is necessary to mix study with proper rest while sticking to research dreams. 41．(1分)A．missed B．won C．lost D．refused 42．(1分)A．professor B．scientist C．visitor D．artist 43．(1分)A．habit B．dream C．journey D．talent 44．(1分)A．technology B．problem C．hobby D．experiment 45．(1分)A．hardly B．happily C．quietly D．deeply 46．(1分)A．appeared B．drawn C．flew D．produced 47．(1分)A．important B．surprised C．harmful D．comfortable 48．(1分)A．tiny B．heavy C．huge D．slow 49．(1分)A．treat B．afford C．complete D．solve 50．(1分)A．reports B．instructions C．pictures D．interviews 51．(1分)A．central B．crowded C．local D．faraway 52．(1分)A．luck B．praise C．money D．success 53．(1分)A．interesting B．difficult C．hopeful D．dangerous 54．(1分)A．lead to B．pick up C．play against D．wake up 55．(1分)A．encourages B．forces C．warns D．orders 【答案】 41．B 42．B 43．C 44．A 45．D 46．A 47．A 48．C 49．B 50．C 51．D 52．D 53．B 54．A 55．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了上海交大博士生邱月淇潜心研发小型平价核磁共振设备、斩获国际大奖，并以自身经历勉励年轻人脚踏实地、坚持奋斗的故事。 【详解】41．考查动词。句意：2025年，她在国际医学磁共振学会年会上斩获青年研究者奖。A. missed错过；B. won赢得，获得；C. lost丢失；D. refused拒绝。根据后文“She was the only winner of this award in the world that year”可知，她获得了这项奖项，win awards为固定搭配，表示获奖。 42．考查名词。句意：她是当年全球唯一获奖者，也是第一位获此殊荣的中国科研工作者。A. professor教授；B. scientist科研人员，科学家；C. visitor参观者；D. artist艺术家。根据上文“a PhD student at Shanghai Jiao Tong University”以及下文“Qiu’s research helps make smaller, cheaper MRI machines”邱月淇是上海交通大学的博士生，从事磁共振成像研究，属于科研领域，因此是一位科学家。 43．考查名词。句意：她的科研之路始于2018年入学之时。A. habit习惯；B. dream梦想；C. journey历程，旅行；D. talent天赋。后文“she first learned about MRI technology”、“To build their first portable (便携的) MRI scanner (扫描仪), Qiu and her team worked in a dark underground lab for months.”以及“Qiu’s research helps make smaller, cheaper MRI machines”讲述从入学接触核磁共振成像技术到研发设备的科研经历，此处指2018进入大学开始接触MRI技术，是她科研之旅的开始，journey用来形容漫长的奋斗历程最贴合语境，与下文“But the road was not easy.”相呼应。 44．考查名词。句意：课堂上她第一次了解核磁共振成像技术——一种能看清人体内部的技术——并对它产生了浓厚兴趣。A. technology技术；B. problem问题；C. hobby爱好；D. experiment实验。根据上文“MRI technology”可知，此处解释MRI是一项帮助观察身体内部的技术。 45．考查副词。句意：课堂上她第一次了解核磁共振成像技术——一种能看清人体内部的技术——并对它产生了浓厚兴趣。A. hardly几乎不；B. happily开心地；C. quietly安静地；D. deeply深深地，非常。根据后文“But the road was not easy. To build their first portable (便携的) MRI scanner (扫描仪), Qiu and her team worked in a dark underground lab for months.”可知，她开始研究便携式核磁共振扫描仪，由此可知，她对核磁共振成像技术产生浓厚的兴趣，become deeply interested in意为 “对……深感兴趣，对……非常感兴趣”，符合她后续投身研究的语境。 46．考查动词。句意：他们日复一日测试、组装零件，最终一幅清晰的图像出现在屏幕上。A. appeared出现，显现；B. drawn绘画；C. flew飞；D. produced生产。根据前文“To build their first portable (便携的) MRI scanner (扫描仪)”以及空前“a clear image (图像)”可知，此处指经过反复测试，清晰的图像最终出现在屏幕上，他们成功研制出便携式核磁共振扫描仪。 47．考查形容词。句意：是什么让她的研究如此重要？A. important重要的；B. surprised感到惊讶的；C. harmful有害的；D. comfortable舒适的。根据下文“Traditional MRI machines are very ________ and expensive.”以及“Qiu’s research helps make smaller, cheaper MRI machines that can still take good ________. This means more people, even those in ________ places, can get proper medical examinations.”可知，她的研究解决传统核磁共振扫描设备体积大、价格昂贵的问题，解决基层看病难题，服务于更多人，体现出此研究的重大价值、重要性。 48．考查形容词。句意：传统核磁共振设备体积庞大、造价高昂。A. tiny微小的；B. heavy沉重的；C. huge巨大的；D. slow缓慢的。根据后文“Qiu’s research helps make smaller, cheaper MRI machines”可知，她研发出更小更便宜的设备，对应传统设备体积巨大、昂贵的特点，符合对比逻辑。 49．考查动词。句意：乡镇许多医院负担不起这类设备。A. treat治疗；B. afford买得起；C. complete完成；D. solve解决。根据前文“Traditional MRI machines are very ________ and expensive.”可知，传统核磁共振设备价格昂贵，乡镇基层医院买不起。 50．考查名词。句意：邱月淇的研究帮助制造出体积更小、价格更低，且成像效果依旧清晰的核磁共振设备。A. reports报告；B. instructions说明；C. pictures图像；D. interviews采访。根据上文“They tested the parts and put them together day after day until finally, a clear image (图像) ________ on the screen.”可知，此处指便携式核磁共振扫描设备体积更小、价格更低，但仍能拍出高质量的图像。 51．考查形容词。句意：这意味着更多人，哪怕身处偏远地区，也能接受正规医疗检查。A. central中心的；B. crowded拥挤的；C. local本地的；D. faraway遥远的。前文“Many hospitals in small towns cannot them.”指出乡镇医院买不起传统的核磁共振设备，而邱月淇研发的便携设备体积小、便宜，乡镇医院负担得起，使住在偏远地区的人也能得到适当的医疗检查。 52．考查名词。句意：邱月淇的故事告诉年轻人，成功绝非一蹴而就。A. luck运气；B. praise赞扬；C. money金钱；D. success成功。根据第一段中“She was the only winner of this award in the world that year, and the first Chinese ________ to receive this honor.”以及第二段讲述她多年坚持才取得科研成就，此处指成功需要长期付出，不是一蹴而就的。 53．考查形容词。句意：它需要勤奋、耐心，以及在困境中不断尝试的勇气。A. interesting有趣的；B. difficult困难的；C. hopeful充满希望的；D. dangerous危险的。前文“But the road was not easy. To build their first portable (便携的) MRI scanner (扫描仪), Qiu and her team worked in a dark underground lab for months. They tested the parts and put them together day after day until finally, a clear image (图像) ________ on the screen.”提到研发过程十分艰难，他们在黑暗地下实验室工作数月、日复一日测试、拼装零件，此处指事情陷入困境时仍不放弃，不断尝试。difficult与not easy相对应。 54．考查动词短语。句意：无论科研还是其他领域，每日微小积累终将造就伟大成就。A. lead to导致，通向；B. pick up捡起，学会；C. play against与……对抗；D. wake up醒来。根据上文“Every screw (螺丝) we put in counts (重要).”以及本文所讲述的经过不懈努力终于研发出便携式设备的故事可知，此处指一步步的努力最终带来重大成就，lead to“通向、导致”符合语境。 55．考查动词。句意：她鼓励青少年珍惜学习机会，保持均衡生活。A. encourages鼓励；B. forces强迫；C. warns警告；D. orders命令。根据后文“teenagers to value learning chances and keep a balanced life”可知，这是她对青少年正向的寄语、鼓励。 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo and silk, etc. Some cultures even carved marks on pieces of stone. Writing materials were expensive and hard to use, and few people learned 56(1.5分) (read). Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks to a man named Cai Lun. Cai Lun began to work as a palace servant in Imperial China in the year 75 CE. His service to the emperor 57(1.5分) (reward) with several promotions. In the year 89, Cai Lun was put in charge of making paper, 58(1.5分) was his most important promotion. Paper had already existed in China, but the process for making it was difficult and the paper was low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting with many different materials and different 59(1.5分) (way) of reducing those materials to paper. In the year 105, Cai Lun 60(1.5分) (show) the emperor a way of making paper from bamboo, cloth rags, and fishing nets. This 61(1.5分)   (improve) in technology was a key step forward. 62(1.5分) this means, making paper was much more efficient. The emperor was pleased and gave Cai Lun great wealth. Because of Cai Lun’s paper making method, Chinese culture grew more rapidly over the next several centuries. That’s because ideas were much 63(1.5分) (easy) to share. Quickly, paper use reached beyond China,   64(1.5分) (help) to spread knowledge. Therefore, it enabled other cultures to record and spread 65(1.5分) (they) ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. 【答案】 56．to read 57．was rewarded 58．which 59．ways 60．showed 61．improvement 62．By 63．easier 64．helping 65．their 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代发明家蔡伦改进造纸术的过程及其对文化传播和世界文明发展的重要贡献。 56．考查非谓语动词。句意：书写材料昂贵且难以使用，很少有人学习阅读。“learn to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“学习做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to read。 57．考查动词时态和语态。句意：他为皇帝服务，得到了几次晋升作为奖励。 空处在句中作谓语，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语“His service to the emperor”和动词“reward”之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be动词用was。故填was rewarded。 58．考查定语从句。句意：公元89年，蔡伦被任命负责造纸，这是他最重要的晋升。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“making paper”，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 59．考查名词复数。句意：蔡伦开始用许多不同的材料和不同的方法将这些材料制成纸进行实验。“way”是可数名词，由“different”可知，此处应用复数形式。故填ways。 60．考查动词时态。句意：公元105年，蔡伦向皇帝展示了一种用竹子、破布和渔网造纸的方法。空处在句中作谓语，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填showed。 61．考查名词。句意：这项技术的进步是向前迈出的关键一步。空处应用名词形式，作主语，“improve”的名词形式是“improvement”，由“was”可知，此处应用单数形式。故填improvement。 62．考查介词。句意：通过这种方法，造纸的效率大大提高。“by this means”是固定短语，意为“通过这种方法”，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填By。 63．考查形容词比较级。句意：那是因为想法更容易分享。由“much”和语境可知，此处表示“更容易”，应用形容词比较级。故填easier。 64．考查非谓语动词。句意：很快，纸的使用超出了中国的范围，帮助传播知识。空处在句中作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。故填helping。 65．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：因此，它使其他文化能够记录和传播他们的想法。空处修饰名词“ideas”，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是李华，你校校园科技节简报正在举办题为My favorite scientist的征文活动，请你投稿。内容要点如下： (1)科学家基本简介； (2)他/她的主要科学成就； (3)你推崇这位科学家的原因。 注意：(1)词数80左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 My favorite scientist __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】My favorite scientist   My favorite scientist is Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. Born in 1930, he devoted almost his whole life to agricultural research. What impresses me most is that he successfully developed hybrid rice, which greatly increased rice output and helped fight hunger worldwide. Not only did his research save countless people from starvation, but he also remained modest and never stopped exploring. His perseverance and selfless spirit inspire me to stick to my goals. I hope I can make contributions to society just like him in the future. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生向校科技节简报投稿，介绍自己最喜爱的科学家，内容包括科学家的基本简介、主要科学成就以及推崇的原因。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 致力于：devote...to...→dedicate...to 成就：achievement→accomplishment 坚持不懈：perseverance→persistence 无私的：selfless→unselfish 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：His perseverance and selfless spirit inspire me to stick to my goals. 拓展句：It is his perseverance and selfless spirit  that inspire me to stick to my goals. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】What impresses me most is that he successfully developed hybrid rice, which greatly increased rice output and helped fight hunger worldwide. (运用了what引导主语从句、that引导的表语从句以及which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型 2】Not only did his research save countless people from starvation, but he also remained modest and never stopped exploring. (运用了Not only...but also...部分倒装句型) 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My father’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum, which made the comb(梳子)two years older than I was. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?” I was more than happy to do it. At age five this mundane task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me and place the comb on top of his wallet. About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. He didn’t come home as much as he used to—just a couple of times a week. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him. Today, I’m no longer a kid. I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has got back on track. Things are better now. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me continued. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ But this time, I noticed something different when I had a closer look at my father. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said, “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb?” I looked at him a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink. Though I was reluctant to do that and also had some complaints in the heart, I brushed the comb carefully. After a while, I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different when I had a closer look at my father. My dad aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled. But his smile was still as heartwarming as before and it was the smile of a father who just wanted a good life for his family. Dad carefully placed his comb on top of his wallet. After so many years, he still organizes his personal items in the same meticulous way. I guess some things never change. Father’s love is like a mountain, thick and speechless. 【导语】本文以时间为线索，讲述了作者小时候很喜欢等父亲下班，帮父亲清理他的梳子。但是后来父亲自己创业，初期艰难，便再也没有经常很早回家，和作者之间的亲子互动也少了很多。作者对此心怀怨念。在作者生日时，父亲和作者之间解开了心结。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“去年我生日的前两天，爸爸提早回家了。”可知，第一段可描写作者父亲很早回到家，久违地让作者为他清理梳子，作者有很大的触动。 ②由第二段首句内容“但这一次，当我仔细观察父亲时，我发现了一些不同的东西。”可知，第二段可描写作者看到父亲的皱纹，理解了他的辛苦和对家的责任，并且发现一切都没有变。 2.续写线索：要求清理梳子——引起触动——理解父亲——归置东西——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①转身离开：turn to leave/turn away ②归还：pass back/return 情绪类 ①暖心的：heartwarming/warm ②无语的：speechless/wordless 【点睛】[高分句型1]When I turned to leave, he said: “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb? （when引导时间状语从句） [高分句型2]But his smile was still as heartwarming as before and it was the smile of a father who just wanted a good life for his family. （who引导的定语从句） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $