Unit 4 Then and now（单元同步写作讲义）英语新教材沪教版五四学制八年级上册

Unit 4 Then and now单元同步写作讲义 本单元的主题属于“人与社会”范畴，涉及“回望时代变迁、对比今昔生活”。 该单元旨在培养学生懂得对比过去与现在是认识社会发展的重要途径，它能让我们清晰看见时代进步带来的便利，也客观看清发展过程中存在的不足。通过观察城市、家居、交通、教育等方面新旧差异，记录长辈过往生活、对比当下日常，我们可以完整梳理生活发生的各类变化，读懂时代发展的利弊。今昔对比类议论文写作是为了让读者清晰看到衣食住行、学习、交通等领域的新旧差别，客观呈现发展红利与遗留问题。这有助于建立辩证看待发展的认知基础，从而懂得珍惜当下美好生活、主动展望更完善未来的宝贵品质。 词汇积累 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.交通类词汇 mountain porter 挑夫；tunnel 隧道；highway 公路；underground 地铁；truck 货车；ship 轮船 train 火车；plane 飞机；electric car 电车；subway 地铁；ferry 轮渡 2.家居 & 通讯旧物件 cassette tape 磁带；record 唱片；roll of film 胶卷；phone book 电话簿；handwritten letter 手写信 3.生活场景名词 living conditions 居住环境；electricity 电力；factory 工厂；mine 矿井；child worker 童工；community 社区 4.核心动词 & 短语 used to do 过去常常；seldom travel 很少远行；carry goods 运送货物；take photos 拍照 send letters 寄信；burn wood 烧柴取暖；great changes 巨大变化；develop fast 快速发展 5.对比形容词（正反成对） slow — fast 缓慢 — 快捷；small — spacious 狭小 — 宽敞；dirty — clean 脏乱 — 整洁 difficult — easy 困难 — 便利；simple — modern 简陋 — 现代化 句式积累 开头句： 1.Great changes have taken place in our city over the past decades. 几十年来，我们的城市发生了翻天覆地的变化。 2.It’s amazing to see how much our daily life has changed year by year. 亲眼见证生活一年年改变，实在令人惊叹。 中间句： 1.People used to walk or take boats when they needed to go out far away. 从前人们出远门只能步行或者坐船。 2.Many years ago, we used to write handwritten letters to keep in touch. 多年前，我们靠手写信件互相联络。 3.In the old days, few families had electricity, so life was really hard. 过去很少家庭有电，日常生活十分辛苦。 4.Now we can take underground, high-speed trains and planes to travel easily. 现在我们可以坐地铁、高铁、飞机轻松出行。 5.We use smartphones to chat, take photos and look up information anytime. 我们随时可以用手机聊天、拍照、查阅资料。 6.Though modern life is much easier, some people miss simple old days. 尽管现代生活便利许多，有些人仍怀念简朴的旧时光。 结尾句： 1.We should value today’s comfortable life and keep looking forward to a better future. 我们应当珍惜当下舒适生活，憧憬更美好的未来。 2.Learning about the past helps us understand how hard-won our happy life is. 了解过去，才能明白如今的幸福来之不易。 佳句仿写 1. 教材原句：The 19th century saw great changes in Britain. 仿写：近几十年见证了中国城市日新月异的发展。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 教材原句：Although there were new chances in cities, living conditions were unpleasant. 仿写：虽然如今出行十分便捷，但城市交通拥堵问题依然存在。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 教材原句：Life moves fast, but learning about the past helps us build a better future. 仿写：时代变化飞快，珍惜过往奋斗才能守住当下幸福。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. The past decades have seen great changes in Chinese cities. 2. Although travelling is easy now, heavy traffic still troubles city people. 3. Time changes fast, but remembering hard days helps us value today’s happiness. 典例 上周五，你们班就“过去和现在”生活各方面的变化进行了一次热烈的讨论。请根据讨论内容，以“Past and present”为题写一篇短文。 注意事项： 1. 作文必须包含所有相关信息，并适当发挥，语句通顺，上下文连贯； 2. 词数不少于60词，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不得提及真实人名、校名等相关信息。 Past and present Last Friday, our class had a lively discussion about the changes between the past and present. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 审题 ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文，要求描述过去和现在生活各方面的变化； ②时态：时态以“一般过去时”和“一般现在时”为主，分别描述过去和现在的情况； ③提示：写作要点已给出，包括过去和现在交通、环境、生活方式的对比，考生应注意不要遗漏要点，并适当添加细节，使文章内容丰富。 谋篇布局 开头 表明写作背景。借用“上周五班级讨论”来引出下文对过去和现在生活变化的描述 中间 具体阐述写作内容。从“交通、环境、生活方式”几个方面对比过去和现在的不同 结尾 书写结语。表达对生活变化的感慨 佳作展示 Past and present Last Friday, our class had a lively discussion about the changes between the past and present. In the past, transport used to be very slow and difficult. People rode bicycles or walked to many places. The environment was cleaner with more trees and less pollution. Life was simpler—families often had fun together without smartphones. Now, things are a lot different from the past. With the development of technology, life today is much easier. People drive cars or take the subway, but the air is not as fresh as before. Children play video games instead of outdoor activities. It’s amazing how much life has changed! 佳作赏析 亮点词汇： ①used to be过去常常是 ②with the development of随着……的发展 ③a lot different from与……大不相同 ④instead of代替 高分句型： ①In the past, transport used to be very slow and difficult.（“used to be”表示过去常常的状态） ②Now, things are a lot different from the past.（“be different from”表示与……不同） （一） 时代在变，生活也在变。你的家庭、社区或学校是否经历过显著的变化？也许你家从老房子搬进了新公寓，社区从安静小街变成了繁华商圈，或学校从传统黑板升级为智能白板。这些变化带来了便利，也可能带走了某些珍贵的东西。请以“Then and Now: A Story of Change”为题，写一篇不少于80词的英语短文。内容需包括：   1. 描述一个具体地点（如家、街道、学校）过去的样子；   2. 对比它现在的样子；   3. 谈谈你对这种变化的感受——是欣喜、怀念，还是两者兼有？   要求：细节具体，情感真实，语言流畅，避免空泛议论。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： Then and Now: A Story of Change My school has changed beyond recognition. Ten years ago, it was a quiet building with chalkboards, wooden desks, and a small playground with just a swing set. Teachers wrote everything by hand, and we borrowed books from a tiny library.   Now, every classroom has smart boards, tablets, and air conditioning. The playground is huge—with basketball courts, climbing walls, and even a robot lab!   I love the new facilities—they make learning fun and efficient. But sometimes I miss the old simplicity: the sound of chalk on board, the smell of paper books, and playing tag in that tiny yard.   Change isn’t bad—it’s necessary. But I hope we never lose the warmth and closeness that made our old school feel like home. 【详解】写作步骤   [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：介绍性记叙文，用现在完成时、一般过去时和一般现在时。 明确要点：描述一个具体地点（如家、街道、学校）过去的样子、对比它现在的样子以及对这种变化的感受。 确定人称：第一人称（I）。 注意事项：细节具体，情感真实，语言流畅，避免空泛议论；不少于80词。 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：点题，介绍学校过去的样子。 主体段：介绍学校现在的样子。 结尾段：谈谈对学校变化的感受。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：介绍学校过去的样子 学校设施：Ten years ago, it was a quiet building with chalkboards, wooden desks, and a small playground with just a swing set./Teachers wrote everything by hand, and we borrowed books from a tiny library./Three years ago, when I came to this middle school, our playground was made of mud. When it rained, it got full of puddles and we could hardly play there./ 要点二：介绍学校现在的样子 变化：Now, every classroom has smart boards, tablets, and air conditioning./The playground is huge—with basketball courts, climbing walls, and even a robot lab!/I love the new facilities—they make learning fun and efficient./But sometimes I miss the old simplicity: the sound of chalk on board, the smell of paper books, and playing tag in that tiny yard./Now, we have a new flat plastic playground with a green football field and three new modern basketball courts./Nowadays, multimedia devices with touch screens are used in the classroom to assist teaching. 要点三：感受 对学校变化的感受：Change isn’t bad—it’s necessary. But I hope we never lose the warmth and closeness that made our old school feel like home./I miss my past school very much because it is filled with memories of youth./I am very happy about the changes in school because school life has become more colorful. （二） 随着社会的发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。学校英语角本周的主题是“Changes Around Us”。请你根据下列提示，从以下四个角度对比过去和现在的变化，谈一谈自己对这些变化的看法。 注意: 1、词数90左右。开头已给出的内容不计入总词数; 2、表达清楚连贯，语句通顺有逻辑;可作适当发挥; 3、短文必须包括所有要点,可适当发挥。 Changes Around Us In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 参考范文 Changes Around Us In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us. In the past, people used to walk or ride bikes. Now, we can drive cars, take high-speed trains or fly on planes. Besides, we can not only travel abroad but also travel online. As for communication, it’s easier for us to chat on WeChat and write emails to friends. What’s more, the environment is getting better. We have clean and wide roads, as well as fresh and clean air. In my opinion, these changes make our life more convenient and colorful. I hope our future will be better and better. 【详解】写作步骤   [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体和时态：说明文，以一般现在时和现在完成时为主（描述过去用used to，描述现在用一般现在时）。 明确要点：1.交通方式的变化（过去步行/骑车 → 现在开车/高铁/飞机）；2.旅行的变化（过去出国游 → 现在在线旅游）；3.通讯方式的变化（过去写信 → 现在微信/邮件）；4.环境的变化（过去污染 → 现在道路干净、空气清新）；5.个人看法。 确定人称：第一人称（I, we, our）。 注意事项：词数90左右，开头已给出，不得出现真实信息。   [第二步：构思布局] 两段式结构： 第一段（总起与四个方面）：承接已给开头“In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us.”，依次从交通、旅行、通讯、环境四个方面对比过去和现在的变化。 第二段（个人看法与总结）：表达对这些变化的看法，并展望未来。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：交通方式 used to walk or ride bikes./drive cars/take high-speed trains/fly on planes./take the subway/take the metro/use ride-sharing services/ride e-bikes/use public transport more often等 要点二：旅行方式 travel abroad/travel online/visit foreign countries/take virtual tours/watch travel videos on the Internet/use online maps to explore new places等 要点三：通讯方式 chat on WeChat/write emails to friends/make video calls/send voice messages/use social media/keep in touch with friends online/use messaging apps every day等 要点四：环境变化 clean and wide roads/fresh and clean air/more green trees and flowers/less pollution/clearer rivers/the sky is bluer/people plant more trees/streets are tidier等 要点五：个人看法 make our life more convenient and colorful/hope our future will be better and better/bring us great convenience/improve our living conditions/make the world smaller and closer/help us save time/connect us with people far away/change our lifestyle a lot等 （三） 在“Then and Now”这一单元，我们讨论了时代变迁对人们生活的影响。假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom来信说他对中国过去几十年的变化很感兴趣。请你给他写一封回信，介绍你家乡的变化。 内容要求： 1. 简要介绍你家乡在过去的样子（如交通、住房、教育等方面）。 2. 描述今天的变化（如现代建筑、高速公路、生活方式等）。 3. 谈谈你对这些变化的看法和感受。 4. 询问Tom家乡的变化情况。 注意： 1. 邮件的格式需正确。 2. 词数不少于80词。 参考词汇： used to, in the past, living conditions, make progress, dramatically, although, modern, highway ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： Dear Tom, Thank you for your letter. I’m glad to hear that you are interested in the changes in China. My hometown, a small city in Jiangsu Province, used to be a quiet place with narrow streets and old houses. People used to ride bicycles or walk to work because there were no cars or highways. In the past, living conditions were quite simple, and many families shared one bathroom. But nowadays, everything has changed dramatically. Modern buildings have taken the place of old houses, and wide highways connect our city to other places. Most families own cars and live in comfortable apartments with modern bathrooms. Education has also improved a lot — my school has a new library and computer rooms. Although I enjoy the convenience of modern life, I still miss the peaceful atmosphere of the old days. What about your hometown? Has it changed a lot? Looking forward to your reply! Yours, Li Hua 【详解】[第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：书信体记叙文，综合使用一般过去时（描述过去家乡）、现在完成时 / 一般现在时（描述如今变化） 明确要点：①家乡过去交通、住房、教育的面貌 ②当下建筑、交通、生活、教育的改变 ③个人对变化的感受看法 ④询问对方家乡变化 确定人称：第一人称（李华视角） 注意事项：标准英文书信格式，时态区分清晰；逻辑对比过去与现在，语言流畅完整，字数≥80 词 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：回信问候，点明收到来信，引出写信目的 —— 向Tom介绍家乡的巨大变化 主体段：分两层对比写作；第一层描写过去家乡街道、住房、交通、简陋的生活与教育条件；第二层写如今现代化建筑、高速路网、私家车、舒适住宅、升级的校园设施，体现翻天覆地的改变 结尾段：抒发个人感受（享受现代便利但怀念旧时宁静），提问Tom家乡的变化，期待回信 [第三步：要点展示] 要点一：介绍家乡过去的模样（交通、住房、教育） used to be a quiet small city/narrow streets and old houses/ride bicycles or walk to work/no cars or highways/simple living conditions/share public bathrooms/poor school facilities 要点二：描述如今家乡的巨大变化 change dramatically/modern buildings replace old houses/wide highways connect cities/most families own private cars/comfortable apartments with modern bathrooms/education makes great progress/new libraries and computer rooms in school 要点三：表达个人看法与感受 + 提问对方 Although I enjoy the convenience of modern life, I still miss the peaceful old days./I deeply love my hometown, both its old memories and new look. （四） 假设你是Harry，搭档是Harry的曾祖母，请围绕“过去与现在听音乐的方式差异”对话。要求：①提及盒式磁带(cassette tapes)、盒式磁带播放机(cassette players)和智能手机(smartphones)；②至少使用 1 句课文中的惊讶表达。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： Harry: Great-grandma, when you were young, how did you listen to music? I’ve never heard of the way you used to listen before! Great-grandma: Oh, dear Harry! We used to listen to music with cassette tapes. We put a cassette tape into a cassette player, and then music would play. Almost everyone had a cassette player at that time. Harry: That can’t be true! It’s so different from now. I have tons of songs on my smartphone, and I can listen to music anytime and anywhere I want. Great-grandma: Wow, technology has changed so much! I never thought phones could be used to listen to music with so many songs stored in them. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇小作文，为一段关于听音乐方式变化的对话； ②时态：主要使用一般过去时和一般现在时对比； ③提示：需提及盒式磁带、盒式播放器、智能手机，并使用至少一句课文中的惊讶表达（如“That can’t be true!”），语言自然，体现代际差异与科技发展。 [写作步骤] 第一步，Harry询问曾祖母年轻时听音乐的方式，并表达惊讶（从未听说过）； 第二步，曾祖母描述过去使用盒式磁带和播放器的方式及普及情况； 第三步，Harry用惊讶表达回应（That can’t be true!），并对比现在用智能手机听音乐的便利； 第四步，曾祖母感叹科技变化之大，表达对手机存储海量歌曲的惊奇。 [亮点词汇] ①listen to music听音乐 ②cassette tapes盒式磁带 ③cassette player盒式磁带播放机 ④tons of songs大量的歌曲 [高分句型] ①We used to listen to music with cassette tapes. (used to do表示过去习惯) ②I can listen to music anytime and anywhere I want. (anytime and anywhere作状语，I want作定语从句修饰) ③I never thought phones could be used to listen to music with so many songs stored in them. (thought后接宾语从句，with复合结构作伴随状语) （五） 最近两年我们周围人和事发生了巨大变化，请你以Great changes in my eyes为题，根据以下表格要点和要求写一篇英语短文，介绍一下你眼中的变化，并谈谈改变的益处。 人/物 过去 现在 益处 同桌 sing, dance reading, cultural activities get more knowledge, learn about Chinese culture 你 computer games running, football relax; healthy; friends 校园 dirty clean, tree, flower beautiful; be happy to study 生活感悟：better; meaningful 要求： (1) 短文必须包含表格所有信息，可适当增加细节； (2) 文中不得出现真实的地名，校名和人名等信息； (3) 词数100左右；文章开头已给出，但不计入总词数。 During the past two years, great changes took place around me. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Great changes in my eyes During the past two years, great changes took place around me. Let me tell you about them. My deskmate used to like singing and dancing, but now she likes reading and taking part in cultural activities because she wants to get more knowledge and learn about Chinese culture. I used to be crazy about computer games, but now I like running and playing football. They not only help me relax but also keep me healthy and make friends. Our school was dirty before, but now it is clean with many trees and flowers. It becomes beautiful and we are happy to study here. These changes make our life better and more meaningful. 【总体分析】①题材：本文是一篇材料作文 ②时态：一般过去时（描述过去） + 一般现在时（描述现在及益处） ③提示：需覆盖表格中“同桌、自己和校园”的过去、现在对比及益处，结尾补充生活感悟。 【写作步骤】第一步：用开头句承接题干，总述变化。 第二步：分三段描述表格内容 (每段聚焦一个主体：同桌→自己→校园)。 第三步：用结尾句总结生活感悟 (呼应表格最后一行)。 【亮点词汇】①cultural activities文化活动 ②meaningful有意义的 【高分句型】①My deskmate used to like singing and dancing, but now she likes reading and taking part in cultural activities because she wants to get more knowledge and learn about Chinese culture. (并列句；原因状语从句) （六） Write at least 60 words on the topic “Changes in Our Lives”.（请选取日常生活中的一个方面，通过对比过去与现在，谈谈你所经历的变化，写一篇主题为“日常生活的变化”的作文，篇幅不短于60词，标点符号不计入词数。） ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Changes in Our Lives There are many changes in our lives. Now I want to talk about changes in communication. In the past, people wrote letters to each other. It was so slow that it took weeks to get a reply. Now, we use smartphones to send messages instantly. We can even have video calls anytime. This change makes our lives faster and more convenient. It makes us stay connected easily. I love this change so much. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇话题作文； ②时态：时态以“一般过去时”（描述过去）和“一般现在时”（描述现在）为主； ③提示：本文要求选取日常生活中的一个方面，通过对比过去与现在，谈谈自己所经历的变化。写作时注意适当增加细节，不要遗漏要点。 [写作步骤] 第一步：开篇引入主题； 第二步：以通信的变化为例，具体对比过去（写信耗时）与现在（手机即时通讯），用例子说明差异； 第三步：总结并表达个人感受。 [亮点词汇] ① talk about 谈论 ② in the past 在过去 ③ each other 互相 [高分句型] ① It was so slow that it took weeks to get a reply. （so that引导结果状语从句） ② Now, we use smartphones to send messages instantly.（运用了不定式短语作目的状语） （七） Tom’s grandma is showing him some photos of Shanghai four decades ago and the city at present and he is writing about the changes. Please help him finish the writing. ① My grandma is showing some photos of Shanghai four decades ago and the city at present—you can’t imagine how different it is now from the past. ② ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ③ In the old times, most people in Shanghai lived in cramped shikumen lane houses, with whole families squeezing into 10-square-meter rooms. Today, skyscrapers have sprung up everywhere—residential communities come with elevators and gardens, and even old lanes have been turned into creative parks with cozy shops. Living spaces are now spacious and comfortable. ④ It’s amazing how much Shanghai has transformed, making daily life so much more convenient! 【答案】例文： In the past, many people took boats or walked long distances to get around, and the streets were narrow and crowded. Now, people ride modern subways with clear views of the city skyline. The way we move has changed a lot—faster, safer, and more comfortable than before. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是看图作文； ②时态：主要时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”； ③提示：根据题目要求，第二段需重点描述交通方面的变化，可结合图片中过去人们乘船、步行，现在乘坐地铁等信息进行创作。 [写作步骤] 第一步，承接首段，引出上海在交通方面的变化话题； 第二步，具体描述过去上海的交通状况，如很多人乘船或走很长的路出行，街道狭窄拥挤； 第三步，描述现在上海的交通情况，如人们乘坐能清晰看到城市天际线的现代地铁； 第四步，总结交通方式的变化，强调比以前更快、更安全、更舒适。 [亮点词汇] ①get around出行，走动 ②clear views清晰的视野 [高分句型] Now, people ride modern subways with clear views of the city skyline. (with复合结构) （八） 生活中处处都有变化。请你以“Changes in My Daily Life”为题，写一篇短文，描述1-2个你生活中发生的具体变化(比如出行、沟通、学习方式等)，并谈谈这些变化给你带来的感受。 要求： 1. 内容完整，语句通顺，不少于60词； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Changes in My Daily Life In my daily life, there have been some changes. For example, in the past, I used to go to school by bike. But now, I often take the subway. It’s faster and more convenient. Another change is in communication. I used to write letters to my friends. Now, I can chat with them online anytime. These changes make my life more colorful and efficient. I like these changes because they bring me more convenience and fun. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文为一篇话题作文； ②时态：一般过去时，一般现在时和现在完成时； ③提示：围绕出行，如上学方式；沟通，如社交方式；学习方式，如网上学习等的变化展开，对比过去与现在，并表达感受。 [写作步骤] 第一步：开门见山，提出现在的生活有许多变化； 第二步：具体介绍生活中的变化，注意与过去的对比； 第三步：表达感受及期望。 [亮点词汇] ①used to过去常常 ②for example例如 ③in the past在过去 [高分句型] ①In my daily life, there have been some changes. (there be句型) ②I like these changes because they bring me more convenience and fun. (because引导的原因状语从句) 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Then and now单元同步写作讲义 本单元的主题属于“人与社会”范畴，涉及“回望时代变迁、对比今昔生活”。 该单元旨在培养学生懂得对比过去与现在是认识社会发展的重要途径，它能让我们清晰看见时代进步带来的便利，也客观看清发展过程中存在的不足。通过观察城市、家居、交通、教育等方面新旧差异，记录长辈过往生活、对比当下日常，我们可以完整梳理生活发生的各类变化，读懂时代发展的利弊。今昔对比类议论文写作是为了让读者清晰看到衣食住行、学习、交通等领域的新旧差别，客观呈现发展红利与遗留问题。这有助于建立辩证看待发展的认知基础，从而懂得珍惜当下美好生活、主动展望更完善未来的宝贵品质。 词汇积累 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.交通类词汇 mountain porter 挑夫；tunnel 隧道；highway 公路；underground 地铁；truck 货车；ship 轮船 train 火车；plane 飞机；electric car 电车；subway 地铁；ferry 轮渡 2.家居 & 通讯旧物件 cassette tape 磁带；record 唱片；roll of film 胶卷；phone book 电话簿；handwritten letter 手写信 3.生活场景名词 living conditions 居住环境；electricity 电力；factory 工厂；mine 矿井；child worker 童工；community 社区 4.核心动词 & 短语 used to do 过去常常；seldom travel 很少远行；carry goods 运送货物；take photos 拍照 send letters 寄信；burn wood 烧柴取暖；great changes 巨大变化；develop fast 快速发展 5.对比形容词（正反成对） slow — fast 缓慢 — 快捷；small — spacious 狭小 — 宽敞；dirty — clean 脏乱 — 整洁 difficult — easy 困难 — 便利；simple — modern 简陋 — 现代化 句式积累 开头句： 1.Great changes have taken place in our city over the past decades. 几十年来，我们的城市发生了翻天覆地的变化。 2.It’s amazing to see how much our daily life has changed year by year. 亲眼见证生活一年年改变，实在令人惊叹。 中间句： 1.People used to walk or take boats when they needed to go out far away. 从前人们出远门只能步行或者坐船。 2.Many years ago, we used to write handwritten letters to keep in touch. 多年前，我们靠手写信件互相联络。 3.In the old days, few families had electricity, so life was really hard. 过去很少家庭有电，日常生活十分辛苦。 4.Now we can take underground, high-speed trains and planes to travel easily. 现在我们可以坐地铁、高铁、飞机轻松出行。 5.We use smartphones to chat, take photos and look up information anytime. 我们随时可以用手机聊天、拍照、查阅资料。 6.Though modern life is much easier, some people miss simple old days. 尽管现代生活便利许多，有些人仍怀念简朴的旧时光。 结尾句： 1.We should value today’s comfortable life and keep looking forward to a better future. 我们应当珍惜当下舒适生活，憧憬更美好的未来。 2.Learning about the past helps us understand how hard-won our happy life is. 了解过去，才能明白如今的幸福来之不易。 佳句仿写 1. 教材原句：The 19th century saw great changes in Britain. 仿写：近几十年见证了中国城市日新月异的发展。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 教材原句：Although there were new chances in cities, living conditions were unpleasant. 仿写：虽然如今出行十分便捷，但城市交通拥堵问题依然存在。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 教材原句：Life moves fast, but learning about the past helps us build a better future. 仿写：时代变化飞快，珍惜过往奋斗才能守住当下幸福。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 典例 上周五，你们班就“过去和现在”生活各方面的变化进行了一次热烈的讨论。请根据讨论内容，以“Past and present”为题写一篇短文。 注意事项： 1. 作文必须包含所有相关信息，并适当发挥，语句通顺，上下文连贯； 2. 词数不少于60词，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不得提及真实人名、校名等相关信息。 Past and present Last Friday, our class had a lively discussion about the changes between the past and present. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 审题 ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文，要求描述过去和现在生活各方面的变化； ②时态：时态以“一般过去时”和“一般现在时”为主，分别描述过去和现在的情况； ③提示：写作要点已给出，包括过去和现在交通、环境、生活方式的对比，考生应注意不要遗漏要点，并适当添加细节，使文章内容丰富。 谋篇布局 开头 表明写作背景。借用“上周五班级讨论”来引出下文对过去和现在生活变化的描述 中间 具体阐述写作内容。从“交通、环境、生活方式”几个方面对比过去和现在的不同 结尾 书写结语。表达对生活变化的感慨 佳作展示 Past and present Last Friday, our class had a lively discussion about the changes between the past and present. In the past, transport used to be very slow and difficult. People rode bicycles or walked to many places. The environment was cleaner with more trees and less pollution. Life was simpler—families often had fun together without smartphones. Now, things are a lot different from the past. With the development of technology, life today is much easier. People drive cars or take the subway, but the air is not as fresh as before. Children play video games instead of outdoor activities. It’s amazing how much life has changed! 佳作赏析 亮点词汇： ①used to be过去常常是 ②with the development of随着……的发展 ③a lot different from与……大不相同 ④instead of代替 高分句型： ①In the past, transport used to be very slow and difficult.（“used to be”表示过去常常的状态） ②Now, things are a lot different from the past.（“be different from”表示与……不同） （一） 时代在变，生活也在变。你的家庭、社区或学校是否经历过显著的变化？也许你家从老房子搬进了新公寓，社区从安静小街变成了繁华商圈，或学校从传统黑板升级为智能白板。这些变化带来了便利，也可能带走了某些珍贵的东西。请以“Then and Now: A Story of Change”为题，写一篇不少于80词的英语短文。内容需包括：   1. 描述一个具体地点（如家、街道、学校）过去的样子；   2. 对比它现在的样子；   3. 谈谈你对这种变化的感受——是欣喜、怀念，还是两者兼有？   要求：细节具体，情感真实，语言流畅，避免空泛议论。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （二） 随着社会的发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。学校英语角本周的主题是“Changes Around Us”。请你根据下列提示，从以下四个角度对比过去和现在的变化，谈一谈自己对这些变化的看法。 注意: 1、词数90左右。开头已给出的内容不计入总词数; 2、表达清楚连贯，语句通顺有逻辑;可作适当发挥; 3、短文必须包括所有要点,可适当发挥。 Changes Around Us In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________    （三） 在“Then and Now”这一单元，我们讨论了时代变迁对人们生活的影响。假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom来信说他对中国过去几十年的变化很感兴趣。请你给他写一封回信，介绍你家乡的变化。 内容要求： 1. 简要介绍你家乡在过去的样子（如交通、住房、教育等方面）。 2. 描述今天的变化（如现代建筑、高速公路、生活方式等）。 3. 谈谈你对这些变化的看法和感受。 4. 询问Tom家乡的变化情况。 注意： 1. 邮件的格式需正确。 2. 词数不少于80词。 参考词汇： used to, in the past, living conditions, make progress, dramatically, although, modern, highway ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （四） 假设你是Harry，搭档是Harry的曾祖母，请围绕“过去与现在听音乐的方式差异”对话。要求：①提及盒式磁带(cassette tapes)、盒式磁带播放机(cassette players)和智能手机(smartphones)；②至少使用 1 句课文中的惊讶表达。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （五） 最近两年我们周围人和事发生了巨大变化，请你以Great changes in my eyes为题，根据以下表格要点和要求写一篇英语短文，介绍一下你眼中的变化，并谈谈改变的益处。 人/物 过去 现在 益处 同桌 sing, dance reading, cultural activities get more knowledge, learn about Chinese culture 你 computer games running, football relax; healthy; friends 校园 dirty clean, tree, flower beautiful; be happy to study 生活感悟：better; meaningful 要求： (1) 短文必须包含表格所有信息，可适当增加细节； (2) 文中不得出现真实的地名，校名和人名等信息； (3) 词数100左右；文章开头已给出，但不计入总词数。 During the past two years, great changes took place around me. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （六） Write at least 60 words on the topic “Changes in Our Lives”.（请选取日常生活中的一个方面，通过对比过去与现在，谈谈你所经历的变化，写一篇主题为“日常生活的变化”的作文，篇幅不短于60词，标点符号不计入词数。） ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （七） Tom’s grandma is showing him some photos of Shanghai four decades ago and the city at present and he is writing about the changes. Please help him finish the writing. ① My grandma is showing some photos of Shanghai four decades ago and the city at present—you can’t imagine how different it is now from the past. ② ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ③ In the old times, most people in Shanghai lived in cramped shikumen lane houses, with whole families squeezing into 10-square-meter rooms. Today, skyscrapers have sprung up everywhere—residential communities come with elevators and gardens, and even old lanes have been turned into creative parks with cozy shops. Living spaces are now spacious and comfortable. ④ It’s amazing how much Shanghai has transformed, making daily life so much more convenient! （八） 生活中处处都有变化。请你以“Changes in My Daily Life”为题，写一篇短文，描述1-2个你生活中发生的具体变化(比如出行、沟通、学习方式等)，并谈谈这些变化给你带来的感受。 要求： 1. 内容完整，语句通顺，不少于60词； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $