Unit 1 Look it up！ 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦单元核心词汇与语法，通过基础到综合的层级训练，系统夯实语言能力，培养思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |小题夯基|首字母填空10题、汉语提示填空10题、单选15题、选词填空10题|直接考查词汇拼写、词性转换、语法应用，聚焦单元核心词（如talent, die out）及基础语法（代词、介词等）|以词汇为基础，语法为支撑，由词到句构建语言知识网络| |综合攻坚|语法选择10题、完形填空10题、阅读理解5题、阅读填空5题、任务型阅读5题|结合语篇考查语法综合运用、篇章理解与信息提取，话题涉及科学家、动物等|从单句到语篇，实现语言知识向语用能力的迁移，提升思维的逻辑性与分析能力|

Unit 1 Look it up！ 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、根据首字母填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1．This copy is different from the o________ one. 【答案】original 【详解】句意：这份副本和原版不一样。the original one 固定表达 “原版”，形容词 original 修饰代词 one，首字母 o 对应。 2．The room became c________ dark after the lights went out. 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：灯熄灭后，房间彻底漆黑一片。副词修饰形容词 dark；结合语境 “灯光熄灭后完全变黑” 及首字母 c，填 completely。 3．P________ Tom is late because he missed the bus. 【答案】Perhaps 【详解】句意：也许汤姆迟到了，因为他错过了公交车。句首副词表推测，首字母大写 P，Perhaps 意为 “也许、可能”。 4.The young a________ painted a picture of his hometown. 【答案】artist 【详解】句意：这位年轻画家画了一幅家乡风景画。painted a picture 提示职业；artist“艺术家、画家”，单数，首字母 a。 5.Scientists still discuss what caused the d________ of the dinosaurs. 【答案】death 【详解】句意：科学家们仍在讨论恐龙死亡的原因。根据“of the dinosaurs.”及首字母可知，此处指讨论恐龙死亡的原因，death意为“死亡”，符合语境。 6．Dolphins are very i________ and can learn new things quickly. 【答案】intelligent 【详解】句意：海豚非常‌聪明‌，能快速学会新事物。句中be动词后需接形容词作表语，结合“能快速学会新事物”的语境及首字母i，intelligent“聪明的、有智慧的”完全契合语义，符合句子逻辑。 7.Dinosaurs lived in the p________ period, long before people began to write history. 【答案】prehistoric 【详解】句意：恐龙生活在史前时代，远早于人类有文字记载的历史。形容词修饰名词 period；prehistoric “史前的”。 8.The writer finished the w________ book in only two months. 【答案】whole 【详解】句意：这位作家仅用两个月就完成了整本书。结合首字母提示和“finished...book in only two months”表示他完成了整本书，应用形容词whole“整个的”，修饰名词book。 9.Molly is o________ a birthday party for her best friend Tina. 【答案】organizing 【详解】句意：莫莉正在为好友蒂娜筹备生日派对。空前 is 提示现在进行时，填现在分词；organize “组织”，变形 organizing。 10.The medicine helped ease his s________ after the accident. 【答案】suffering 【详解】句意：药物缓解了他事故后的疼痛。the 后接名词，suffering 指身体上的痛苦不适。 二、根据汉语提示填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1．My cousin is ________ (talent) and I am proud of her. 【答案】talented 【详解】句意：我的表姐很有天赋，我为她感到骄傲。be 动词后接形容词作表语；talent 名词 “天赋”，形容词 talented “有天赋的”。 2.We were ________ (complete) shocked by Da Vinci’s amazing drawings. 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：我们被达芬奇绝妙的画作彻底震撼了。副词修饰形容词 shocked，complete 副词 completely。 3.This dictionary ________ (include) thousands of daily English words. 【答案】includes 【详解】句意：这本词典收录了数千个日常英语词汇。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语 this dictionary 为三单，谓语动词 include 变三单 includes。 4.Scientists are still studying how dinosaurs ________ (die) out millions of years ago. 【答案】died 【详解】句意：科学家仍在研究数百万年前恐龙灭绝的原因。millions of years ago 是一般过去时标志，die 的过去式为 died。 5.The ________ (art) boy designed many flying machine drawings like Da Vinci. 【答案】artistic 【详解】句意：这个富有艺术天赋的男孩像达芬奇一样绘制了许多飞行器草图。空格修饰名词 boy，需形容词；art 转化为形容词 artistic 作定语。 6.Leonardo da Vinci was a great ________ (paint) and inventor. 【答案】painter 【详解】句意：列奥纳多・达・芬奇是一位伟大的画家兼发明家。 句中空格前有不定冠词a和形容词great，空格与inventor并列作表语，此处需要填入单数名词；括号内paint为动词，需变为表示职业的单数名词painter。 7.Leonardo da Vinci was ________ (bear) in the countryside in Italy. 【答案】born 【详解】固定搭配 be born in… 表示 “出生于……”；bear 的过去分词为 born，此处用于被动结构。 8.This copy is different from the ________ (origin) one. 【答案】original 【详解】空格修饰代词 one，需用形容词；origin 是名词 “起源”，形容词 original 意为 “原版的，原始的”，the original one 固定表达 “原版”。 9.Yuan spent his whole life ________ (develop) different kinds of hybrid rice. 【答案】developing 【详解】句意：袁隆平毕生致力于培育各类杂交水稻。固定搭配 spend one’s life (in) doing sth.，介词 in 可省略，动词需变为动名词形式，develop 转化为 developing。 10. We are closely ________ (relate) to each other. 【答案】related 【详解】句意：我们彼此关系密切。be related to 为固定短语，relate 转换为形容词 related。 三、单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 1．This painting is not a copy. It is the ________ one. A．original B．complete C．alphabetical D．general 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这幅画不是复制品。它是原作。 original原作的；complete完整的；alphabetical字母顺序的；general一般的。根据“This painting is not a copy.”可知不是复制品，与之对应的是原作。 2．This young singer is very ________; many people believe she will become famous. A．talented B．related C．general D．similar 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这位年轻歌手很有才华；许多人都相信她会成名。 talented有才华的；related 相关的；general一般的；similar相似的。根据后半句“many people believe she will become famous”可知，人们相信她会成名，说明她具备特殊的才能，因此推测她很有才华，应用talented。 3．Lucy is so ________ that she can solve difficult problems quickly. A．original B．intelligent C．prehistoric D．whole 【答案】B 【详解】句意：露西是如此聪明，以至于她能很快解决难题。 original原始的；intelligent聪明的；prehistoric史前的；whole整个的。根据“she can solve difficult problems quickly”可知能很快解决难题，说明她是聪明的。intelligent符合题意。 4．In the park, some children are playing football, and ______ are flying kites. A．other B．others C．the other D．another 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在公园里，一些孩子正在踢足球，另一些正在放风筝。 other其他的；others其他人或物；the other另一个或其余的；another另一个。根据前半句“some children...”可知，此处考查固定搭配“some..., others...”意为“一些……，另一些……”，others相当于other children，可单独作主语，而other为形容词，后需接名词。应填others。 5．Would you like ________ to eat? A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你想吃点什么吗？ anything任何事物；something某物；nothing没有东西；everything一切事物。本句是委婉征求对方意愿的疑问句，希望得到对方肯定答复时用something，因此填something。 6. —Is ________ ready for the school sports meeting? —No. We still have ________ to do. A. anything; something B. everything; something C. anything; nothing D. everything; nothing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——学校运动会的一切都准备好了吗？——没有。我们还有事情要做。 考查不定代词辨析。anything任何事；something某事；everything一切，所有事；nothing没有什么。根据“ready for the school sports meeting”可知，此处是在询问是否与学校运动会相关的一切都准备好了，应用everything，排除选项A和C；根据“No. We still have...to do”可知，还有事情要做，此处为肯定句，应用something。故选B。 7．—I feel so bored. Could we do ________ to have fun? —Sure! How about watching a movie? A．something interesting B．anything interesting C．interesting something D．interesting anything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我觉得好无聊。我们能做些有趣的事来开心一下吗？——当然！看电影怎么样？ something interesting有趣的事；anything interesting任何有趣的事；interesting something和 interesting anything语序错误（形容词修饰不定代词应后置）。在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用“something”而非“anything”；同时，形容词修饰不定代词需后置，应填“something interesting”。 8．—Mr. Wang, how to be a smart learner? —Only empty cups can be filled. Try to learn as if you know ________. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——王先生，如何成为一名聪明的学习者？——只有空杯子才能被装满。试着像什么都不知道一样去学习。 something某事；anything任何事；nothing没什么；everything一切。根据“Only empty cups can be filled.”可知，只有空杯子才能被装满，这意味着要假设自己一无所知才能学得更多，nothing符合语境。 9．If you want to know the meaning of a word, ________ in a dictionary. A．look it up B．look them up C．to look it up D．look up it 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你想知道一个单词的意思，就在字典里查找它。 考查动词短语及代词辨析。look up查阅；it它；them它们。look up为动词短语，后接人称代词宾格时，代词置于短语中间。根据“the meaning of a word”可知，是一个单词的意思，用it代替。故选A。 10.Volunteers ______ an important role ______ helping those in need. A. play; on B. make; in C. play; in D. take; on 【答案】C 【详解】“play an important role in”是固定搭配，意为“在……中起重要作用”，这里表示志愿者在帮助有需要的人方面起重要作用，C选项正确。 11．Norman Bethune is a great doctor who was born ________ March 4th, 1890. A．from B．on C．at D．about 【答案】B 【详解】句意：诺曼·白求恩是一位伟大的医生，生于1890年3月4日。 考查介词辨析。from来自；on在，和具体的日期或者周几连用；at在，和具体的时间点连用；about关于。根据“March 4th, 1890”可知，是具体的一天。故选B。 12．—It is said there are still many people who are very poor in Africa. —Yes, many famous movie stars went to help them, ________ Jackie Chan. A．include B．including C．included D．includes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——据说非洲仍有很多人很穷。——是的，许多著名影星去帮助他们，包括成龙在内。A. include包含，动词原形；B. including包含，介词；C. included动词过去式；D. includes动词三单形式。本句已有谓语动词，只能填介词，故答案为B。 13.—What do you think of English? —I think English is as ________ as Chinese. A．useful B．more useful C．most useful D．the most useful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得英语怎么样？——我认为英语和汉语一样有用。 考查同级比较。useful有用的，原级；more useful比较级；most useful最高级；the most useful定冠词the+最高级。as...as...表示“像……一样……”，中间用形容词或副词的原级。故选A。 14．My mother says my friend is similar ________ me, but I think she is different ________ me. A．from; from B．to; to C．to; from D．from; to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈说我的朋友和我很像，但我觉得她和我不一样。 考查介词辨析和固定搭配。from来自；to到。be similar to…“与……相似”，be different from“不同于”，是固定词组。故选C。 15．—Would you like ________ tea? —No, I don’t like ________ tea, but I would like ________ cakes. A．any, any, some B．some, any, any C．some, any, some 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你想喝点茶吗？——不，我不喜欢茶，但我想要一些蛋糕。 考查代词辨析。some一些，用于肯定句和表示希望得到肯定答复的疑问句；any任何，用于否定句和疑问句。根据“Would you like…tea”可知，第一个空是表示提议的疑问句，填some；根据“No, I don’t like”可知，该句是否定句，填any；根据“but I would like…cakes.”可知，此处在肯定句中表示“一些”，填some。故选C。 四、选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 从方框中选择合适的词/短语，用其正确形式填空，每词/短语限用一次。 die out, completely, sudden, perhaps, prehistoric, talented, musician, scientist, genius, invent 1．Leonardo da Vinci was a true , excelling in art, science and many other fields. 2．Some animals, like dinosaurs, disappeared from the Earth millions of years ago. 3．Pandas are in danger of if we don’t protect their living environment well. 4．My cousin is a piano player; she has won many competitions since she was 10. 5． you have heard of the famous paintingMona Lisaby da Vinci. 6．The who discovered the new dinosaur fossil is very famous in the field. 7．Thomas Edison is known for many useful things, like the light bulb. 8．Beethoven is one of the greatest in history, and his music is loved by people all over the world. 9．The old building was destroyed in the big fire last night. 10．Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for over 180 million years before they disappeared. 【答案】 1．genius 2．prehistoric 3．dying out 4．talented 5．Perhaps 6．scientist 7．inventing 8．musicians 9．completely 10．suddenly 【详解】1．句意：列奥纳多・达・芬奇是真正的天才，在艺术、科学等诸多领域都造诣极高。不定冠词a后接单数可数名词，选项genius“天才”用原形，符合语法及“达·芬奇多才多艺堪称天才”的语境。 2．句意：一些史前动物，比如恐龙，数百万年前就从地球上消失了。空格修饰名词animals，需要形容词作定语，选项prehistoric“史前的”符合语法及“恐龙属于史前生物”的语境。 3．句意：如果我们不好好保护熊猫的生存环境，它们就有灭绝的危险。固定搭配in danger of后接动名词或动名词，die out意为“灭绝”，变形为dying out，符合语法及“熊猫面临灭绝风险”的语境。 4．句意：我的表妹是一名有天赋的钢琴演奏者，她从十岁起就赢得许多比赛。空格修饰名词piano player，需要形容词作定语，选项talented“有天赋的”符合语法及“表妹钢琴技艺出众”的语境。 5．句意：或许你听说过达·芬奇那幅著名的画作《蒙娜丽莎》。空格置于句首修饰整个句子，需要副词，选项perhaps“或许、大概”首字母大写为Perhaps，符合语法及“推测对方听过这幅名画”的语境。 6．句意：发现新型恐龙化石的这位科学家在业内十分有名。定冠词The后接单数名词作主语，定语从句who指代人，选项scientist“科学家”用原形，符合语法及“研究古生物化石的科研人员”的语境。 7．句意：托马斯・爱迪生因发明许多实用物品而闻名，比如灯泡。固定搭配be known for后接动名词，选项invent变形为inventing，符合语法及“爱迪生发明各类物件”的语境。 8．句意：贝多芬是史上最伟大的音乐家之一，他的音乐深受全世界人民喜爱。固定结构one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，选项musician变形为musicians，符合语法及“贝多芬是知名音乐创作者”的语境。 9．句意：这座老建筑在昨晚的大火中被彻底摧毁了。空格修饰动词destroyed，需要副词作状语，选项completely“彻底地”符合语法及“大火完全烧毁建筑”的语境。 10．句意：恐龙在突然消失之前统治地球超过1.8亿年。空格修饰动词disappeared，需要副词作状语，选项sudden的副词形式suddenly“突然地”符合语法及“恐龙骤然灭绝”的语境。 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、语法选择（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从A、B、C、D项中选出最佳选项。 Reading is an important way for us to learn new things. Almost every student 1 the habit of reading in daily life. A good book can teach us new knowledge and help us know more about the world. I have a useful book 2 Look It Up. It is a 13-year-old educational book. It is full of strange and interesting facts. It looks very simple but 3 . This book is very helpful. It is ready 4 us with our study. When we meet strange words or unknown knowledge, it always helps us clear up our doubts and cheers us 5 . When we have problems with our reading tasks, we can get useful methods from it. Besides, this book is educational. It keeps 6 us right knowledge and positive ideas. It never provides useless or wrong information. It also has many special columns, 7 as word stories and invention introductions. Reading it makes us knowledgeable and thoughtful. Good reading materials need our attention and study. We should be serious 8 our reading. We should gain knowledge and improve ourselves through reading. 9 we read carefully and think actively, we can get more from books. I am lucky 10 such a good book to learn from. I will keep reading and exploring new knowledge. 1．A．have B．has C．had D．will have 2．A．call B．calls C．called D．calling 3．A．use B．useful C．using D．used 4．A．help B．helping C．to help D．helps 5．A．up B．down C．on D．off 6．A．give B．giving C．to give D．gave 7．A．such B．so C．many D．much 8．A．about B．to C．for D．of 9．A．If B．Though C．But D．So 10．A．have B．having C．to have D．had 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文阐述阅读是学习新知识的重要途径。作者介绍了一本名为《Look It Up》的实用教育书籍，书中包含新奇有趣的知识，能够帮助读者解决学习疑问、提供有效阅读方法，内容权威积极。 【详解】1．句意：几乎每个学生都有日常阅读的习惯。 主语“every student”是单数，全文为一般现在时，has意为“拥有”。have用于复数主语，had为一般过去时，will have为一般将来时，时态和主谓一致不匹配。 2．句意：我有一本名叫《Look It Up》的实用书籍。 called是过去分词，a book called…意为“一本名叫……的书”，作后置定语。call、calls、calling均无法构成该定语结构。 3．句意：它看上去十分简约但是用处很大。 but连接并列形容词，useful意为“有用的”，和simple形成转折语义。use是名词/动词，using、used为动词形式，不能直接作表语。 4．句意：它随时准备在学习方面帮助我们。 固定搭配be ready to do sth.意为“准备好做某事”，to help符合语法。help、helping、helps均不满足该固定句型结构。 5．句意：当我们遇到生词或者陌生知识时，它总能帮我们解开疑惑，鼓舞我们。 固定搭配cheer sb. up意为“使某人振奋、鼓舞某人”。down、on、off无法和cheer构成该短语。 6．句意：它不断向我们传递正确的知识与积极的思想。 固定搭配keep doing sth.意为“保持做某事”，giving符合语法。give是动词原形，to give是不定式，gave是过去式，均不能放在keep之后。 7．句意：书中还有许多特色栏目，例如词语典故和发明介绍。 固定搭配such as意为“例如”，用于举例。so、many、much无法构成该举例短语。 8．句意：我们应当认真对待阅读。 固定搭配be serious about意为“认真对待……”。to、for、of不能构成该搭配。 9．句意：如果我们仔细阅读、积极思考，就能从书本中学到更多东西。 此处表示条件，If意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句。Though“虽然”表让步，But“但是”表转折，So“所以”表结果，逻辑均不符合语境。 10．句意：我很幸运能拥有这样一本值得学习的好书。 固定搭配be lucky to do sth.意为“有幸做某事”，to have符合语法。have动词原形，having动名词，had过去式，均不满足句型要求。 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Nie Er was a famous Chinese musician. He was born in 1912 in Yunnan. From an early age, he showed great 1 talent. He loved music and learned to play many instruments. In the 1930s, China was in a difficult time. People were living in great 2 . Nie Er wanted to write songs to 3 the people. He wrote many famous songs, including the national anthem of China. Nie Er’s music was full of hope and courage. He was called “the People’s Musician” because his songs 4 people to fight for a better life. Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. They first appeared around 245 million years ago. They 5 the Earth for more than 180 million years. Some dinosaurs were plant-eaters, while others were meat-eaters. They came in different 6 — some were small, and some were huge. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly 7 out. Scientists believe that a big disaster might have caused this. Today, we can learn about dinosaurs from their 8 . Leonardo da Vinci was a true genius. He was not only a painter but also an inventor and 9 . His paintings, likeMona Lisa, are famous all over the world. His notebooks include many interesting drawings of machines that were not built until hundreds of years later. He 10 the way people think about art and science. 1．A．musical B．painting C．writing D．acting 2．A．happiness B．suffering C．peace D．danger 3．A．encourage B．stop C．hurt D．surprise 4．A．stopped B．encouraged C．made D．kept 5．A．ruled B．left C．built D．changed 6．A．colours B．sizes C．shapes D．kinds 7．A．went B．died C．came D．took 8．A．books B．stories C．fossils D．pictures 9．A．scientist B．doctor C．teacher D．farmer 10．A．stopped B．changed C．kept D．followed 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文分别介绍了音乐家聂耳、史前动物恐龙以及天才达·芬奇的生平事迹、特征及其对后世的影响。 【详解】1．句意：他很早就展现了巨大的音乐天赋。 根据前文“musician”，可知此处指音乐天赋。应用musical。painting“绘画”、writing“写作”、acting“表演”均与音乐家身份不符。 2．句意：人们生活在巨大的苦难中。 根据“a difficult time”，可知生活困苦，suffering“痛苦/苦难”符合语境。happiness“幸福”、peace“和平”、danger“危险”均不符语境。 3．句意：聂耳想写歌鼓励人民。 根据后文“hope and courage”，可知目的是鼓舞。应用encourage。stop“阻止”、hurt“伤害”、surprise“使惊讶”均不符语境。 4．句意：他被称为“人民的音乐家”，因为他的歌曲鼓励了人们为更好的生活而奋斗。 根据“hope and courage”及上文逻辑，可知歌曲起到了激励作用。应用encouraged。stopped“停止”、made“使/让”、kept“保持”均不符语境。 5．句意：它们统治地球超过1.8亿年。 根据常识，恐龙曾是地球霸主，此处指统治。ruled“统治/主宰”符合语境。left“离开”、built“建造”、changed“改变”均不符语境。 6．句意：它们有不同的尺寸——有些很小，有些很大。 根据“some were small, and some were huge”，可知指体型大小的差异，应用sizes。colours“颜色”、shapes“形状”、kinds“种类”均不符语境。 7．句意：大约6600万年前，恐龙突然灭绝了。 die out为固定搭配，表示“灭绝”，句子时态为一般过去时，应用died。went“去”、came“来”、took“拿”均不符语义。 8．句意：今天，我们可以从它们的化石中了解恐龙。 科学家通过恐龙化石来研究恐龙，这是常识。应用fossils。books“书籍”、stories“故事”、pictures“图片”均不符语境。 9．句意：他不仅是画家，还是发明家和科学家。 根据后文“science”，可知涉及科学领域。scientist“科学家”符合语境。doctor“医生”、teacher“教师”、farmer“农民”均不符语境。 10.句意：他改变了人们看待艺术和科学的方式。 达·芬奇的创作和研究影响并改变了人们对艺术和科学的认知，应用changed。stopped“停止”、kept“保持”、followed“跟随”均不符语境。 三、阅读理解（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） Albert Einstein (1879—1955) Early Life Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. He had been an extraordinary person since he was born. He was always interested in things around him and full of imagination. He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers. Schooling Einstein started school in 1885. He did well in Maths and Science. Einstein finished grammar school in Germany and entered a university. He graduated (大学毕业) with the subject teacher diploma for Maths and Physics in 1900. Scientific Work After graduation, Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science, he still worked hard on scientific research. Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921. Later Life Einstein kept doing his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However, there was no answer. Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world. 1．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In an encyclopaedia. B．In an advertisement (广告). C．In a travel guide. D．In a dictionary. 2．From the passage, we can learn that Albert Einstein ________. A．was not good at asking questions B．did well in all his schoolwork C．worked as a doctor after he graduated D．had great achievements in Physics 3．What does the underlined word “extraordinary” mean in Chinese? A．幽默的 B．笨拙的 C．非凡的 D．普通的 4．Which of the following shows the order of Einstein’s experience? a. Albert Einstein asked a lot of questions about things. b. Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics. c. Albert Einstein started his school life in Germany. d. Albert Einstein became a top scientist in the world. e. Albert Einstein got a job at the Swiss Patent Office. A．a-c-b-e-d B．a-c-e-d-b C．c-a-b-e-d D．c-a-e-d-b 5．What can we know from the last two paragraphs? A．Nobody could be smarter than Albert Einstein. B．Scientists found out why Albert Einstein was so smart. C．Scientists showed great interest in Albert Einstein’s brain. D．Albert Einstein couldn’t keep on working in his later life. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的生平。 1．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平，可能在百科全书中出现。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921.”可知，爱因斯坦在物理方面有很大的成就。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“He was always interested in things around him and full of imagination. He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers.”可知，爱因斯坦总是对周围的事情感兴趣，并且充满了想象力。他喜欢认真地观看事物并且问许多有关的问题。他的问题对于老师来说经常很难回答。由此可知，爱因斯坦是一个不同寻常的人，因此画线单词的意思是“非凡的”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them.”，“Einstein started school in 1885.”，“After graduation, Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office.”，“By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist.”和“Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921.”可知，正确的顺序是a-c-e-d-b。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“Scientists studied his brain after his death to see if there was anything special about it.”可知，科学家们对爱因斯坦的大脑很感兴趣。故选C。 四、阅读填空（六选五）（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯、意思完整。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Gu Fangzhou is an inspiring medical scientist remembered by all Chinese people. He devoted his whole life to developing vaccines to protect children’s health. 1 At that time, a terrible disease called polio spread widely in China. Many kids got sick and even became disabled because of it. Gu made up his mind to create a safe vaccine to stop the illness. 2 He spent years studying related medical records and doing endless experiments. To test whether the vaccine was safe, Gu took a brave action. 3 He swallowed the vaccine powder himself first without hesitation. After proving it had no bad influence on adults, he gave the medicine to his own young son for further testing. 4 Finally, the sugar cube polio vaccine was invented. It tasted sweet, so little kids were willing to take it easily. 5 Thanks to Gu’s great work, polio almost disappeared in our country. His selfless love for children moves every Chinese person deeply. A．He knew the research would be full of difficulties. B．It successfully protected millions of children from polio. C．He started his research on polio in the 1950s. D．He was afraid that the vaccine might bring side effects to kids. E．Lots of parents felt worried and helpless about this disease. F．Later, more volunteers joined the safety test of the vaccine. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．F 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述医学科学家顾方舟研发脊髓灰质炎糖丸疫苗、守护中国儿童健康的事迹。 【详解】1．第一段介绍顾方舟的贡献，空后第二段开头“At that time”指代研究开展的时间，C选项“He started his research on polio in the 1950s.”点明顾方舟开始脊髓灰质炎研究的时间，衔接自然。 2．前文讲顾方舟决心研发安全疫苗阻止这种疾病；后文写他耗费数年查阅资料、做无数实验。A选项“He knew the research would be full of difficulties.”衔接前后，解释他投入大量研究工作的原因，逻辑通顺。 3．前句点明顾方舟为测试疫苗安全性采取了勇敢举动；后文写他毫不犹豫亲自试服疫苗粉末。D选项“He was afraid that the vaccine might bring side effects to kids.”交代他亲自试药的内心出发点，完美引出亲身测试的行为，贴合段落逻辑。 4．前文讲顾方舟先自身试药，再让幼子参与进一步测试；F选项“Later, more volunteers joined the safety test of the vaccine.”顺着测试流程延伸，补充后续更多人参与安全试验，承接连贯。 5．前文介绍糖丸疫苗研制成功、口感适合儿童服用；后文点明多亏顾方舟，国内脊髓灰质炎几乎消失。B选项“It successfully protected millions of children from polio.”说明这款疫苗起到的巨大保护作用，承上启下总结疫苗的价值，符合语境。 五、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 Let’s read about some of these amazing animals. You probably know that the world’s fastest animal is the cheetah. Cheetahs can run at about 120 kilometres an hour. However, when they run, they spend more time in the air than on the ground. For this reason, they can only run at that speed for about 60 seconds. The largest animal in the world is the blue whale. Blue whales aren’t just the largest species (物种) right now. They are the largest animals that have ever existed (已经存在) on Earth. Blue whales are about 38 metres long, and they can weigh as much as 200 tons. Blue whales eat around four tons of food every day. Of course, the smartest animals in the world are humans. The second smartest animal is the chimpanzee (黑猩猩). Chimpanzees can make tools and build things. They can also solve problems. They can even use sign language for communication if taught (被教). Dolphins and parrots are also smart. Most people believe that tortoises live the longest. The oldest tortoise that we know turned 192 years old in 2024. However, some ocean animals live longer. Some koi, a kind of goldfish, can live for more than 200 years. There’s even a kind of jellyfish that can change its cells (细胞) and make them new again. This means that whenever the jellyfish gets old and weak, it can make itself young again! The nickname of this jellyfish is “immortal jellyfish”. 1．Why can cheetahs only run at their top speed for about 60 seconds? 2．What is the cleverest animal in the world? 3．What does the underlined word mean? 4．What other kinds of the most amazing animals or plants in the world do you know? Tell us. 5．Which animal is the second smartest in the world? 【答案】1．Because when they run, they spend more time in the air than on the ground. 1．Humans are the cleverest animals in the world. 3．It means never dying. 4．The giant panda is one of the most amazing animals, which is native to China. 5．The chimpanzee is the second smartest animal in the world. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了几种世界上神奇的动物，包括跑得最快的猎豹、体型最大的蓝鲸、最聪明的人类和黑猩猩，以及寿命最长的陆龟和永生水母。 【详解】1．第二段第2-4句“Cheetahs can run at about 120 kilometres an hour. However, when they run, they spend more time in the air than on the ground. For this reason, they can only run at that speed for about 60 seconds.”第二段清晰给出因果逻辑，“For this reason”指代前一句猎豹奔跑时腾空时间多于落地时间，直接提取原句作答即可。 2．第四段第1句“Of course, the smartest animals in the world are humans.”直接点明人类是全球智商最高的动物，摘取原文信息作答。 3．第五段最后一句“The nickname of this jellyfish is ‘immortal jellyfish’.”划线单词“immortal”修饰水母，前文提到该水母能更新细胞、衰老后变回年轻，结合文末别称“immortal jellyfish”，可推断单词含义为“永生的、不会死亡的”。 4．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，观点需贴合“世界奇特动植物”主题，根据短文内容及常识合理作答即可。 5．第四段第2句“The second smartest animal is the chimpanzee.”直接给出对应物种，摘抄原文名词作答。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Look it up！ 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、根据首字母填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1．This copy is different from the o________ one. 2．The room became c________ dark after the lights went out. 3．P________ Tom is late because he missed the bus. 4.The young a________ painted a picture of his hometown. 5.Scientists still discuss what caused the d________ of the dinosaurs. 6．Dolphins are very i________ and can learn new things quickly. 7.Dinosaurs lived in the p________ period, long before people began to write history. 8.The writer finished the w________ book in only two months. 9.Molly is o________ a birthday party for her best friend Tina. 10.The medicine helped ease his s________ after the accident. 二、根据汉语提示填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1．My cousin is ________ (talent) and I am proud of her. 2.We were ________ (complete) shocked by Da Vinci’s amazing drawings. 3.This dictionary ________ (include) thousands of daily English words. 4.Scientists are still studying how dinosaurs ________ (die) out millions of years ago. 5.The ________ (art) boy designed many flying machine drawings like Da Vinci. 6.Leonardo da Vinci was a great ________ (paint) and inventor. 7.Leonardo da Vinci was ________ (bear) in the countryside in Italy. 9.Yuan spent his whole life ________ (develop) different kinds of hybrid rice. 10. We are closely ________ (relate) to each other. 三、单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 1．This painting is not a copy. It is the ________ one. A．original B．complete C．alphabetical D．general 2．This young singer is very ________; many people believe she will become famous. A．talented B．related C．general D．similar 3．Lucy is so ________ that she can solve difficult problems quickly. A．original B．intelligent C．prehistoric D．whole 4．In the park, some children are playing football, and ______ are flying kites. A．other B．others C．the other D．another 5．Would you like ________ to eat? A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything 6. —Is ________ ready for the school sports meeting? —No. We still have ________ to do. A. anything; something B. everything; something C. anything; nothing D. everything; nothing 7．—I feel so bored. Could we do ________ to have fun? —Sure! How about watching a movie? A．something interesting B．anything interesting C．interesting something D．interesting anything 8．—Mr. Wang, how to be a smart learner? —Only empty cups can be filled. Try to learn as if you know ________. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 9．If you want to know the meaning of a word, ________ in a dictionary. A．look it up B．look them up C．to look it up D．look up it 10.Volunteers ______ an important role ______ helping those in need. A. play; on B. make; in C. play; in D. take; on 11．Norman Bethune is a great doctor who was born ________ March 4th, 1890. A．from B．on C．at D．about 12．—It is said there are still many people who are very poor in Africa. —Yes, many famous movie stars went to help them, ________ Jackie Chan. A．include B．including C．included D．includes 13.—What do you think of English? —I think English is as ________ as Chinese. A．useful B．more useful C．most useful D．the most useful 14．My mother says my friend is similar ________ me, but I think she is different ________ me. A．from; from B．to; to C．to; from D．from; to 15．—Would you like ________ tea? —No, I don’t like ________ tea, but I would like ________ cakes. A．any, any, some B．some, any, any C．some, any, some 四、选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 从方框中选择合适的词/短语，用其正确形式填空，每词/短语限用一次。 die out, completely, sudden, perhaps, prehistoric, talented, musician, scientist, genius, invent 1．Leonardo da Vinci was a true , excelling in art, science and many other fields. 2．Some animals, like dinosaurs, disappeared from the Earth millions of years ago. 3．Pandas are in danger of if we don’t protect their living environment well. 4．My cousin is a piano player; she has won many competitions since she was 10. 5． you have heard of the famous paintingMona Lisaby da Vinci. 6．The who discovered the new dinosaur fossil is very famous in the field. 7．Thomas Edison is known for many useful things, like the light bulb. 8．Beethoven is one of the greatest in history, and his music is loved by people all over the world. 9．The old building was destroyed in the big fire last night. 10．Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for over 180 million years before they disappeared. 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、语法选择（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从A、B、C、D项中选出最佳选项。 Reading is an important way for us to learn new things. Almost every student 1 the habit of reading in daily life. A good book can teach us new knowledge and help us know more about the world. I have a useful book 2 Look It Up. It is a 13-year-old educational book. It is full of strange and interesting facts. It looks very simple but 3 . This book is very helpful. It is ready 4 us with our study. When we meet strange words or unknown knowledge, it always helps us clear up our doubts and cheers us 5 . When we have problems with our reading tasks, we can get useful methods from it. Besides, this book is educational. It keeps 6 us right knowledge and positive ideas. It never provides useless or wrong information. It also has many special columns, 7 as word stories and invention introductions. Reading it makes us knowledgeable and thoughtful. Good reading materials need our attention and study. We should be serious 8 our reading. We should gain knowledge and improve ourselves through reading. 9 we read carefully and think actively, we can get more from books. I am lucky 10 such a good book to learn from. I will keep reading and exploring new knowledge. 1．A．have B．has C．had D．will have 2．A．call B．calls C．called D．calling 3．A．use B．useful C．using D．used 4．A．help B．helping C．to help D．helps 5．A．up B．down C．on D．off 6．A．give B．giving C．to give D．gave 7．A．such B．so C．many D．much 8．A．about B．to C．for D．of 9．A．If B．Though C．But D．So 10．A．have B．having C．to have D．had 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Nie Er was a famous Chinese musician. He was born in 1912 in Yunnan. From an early age, he showed great 1 talent. He loved music and learned to play many instruments. In the 1930s, China was in a difficult time. People were living in great 2 . Nie Er wanted to write songs to 3 the people. He wrote many famous songs, including the national anthem of China. Nie Er’s music was full of hope and courage. He was called “the People’s Musician” because his songs 4 people to fight for a better life. Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. They first appeared around 245 million years ago. They 5 the Earth for more than 180 million years. Some dinosaurs were plant-eaters, while others were meat-eaters. They came in different 6 — some were small, and some were huge. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly 7 out. Scientists believe that a big disaster might have caused this. Today, we can learn about dinosaurs from their 8 . Leonardo da Vinci was a true genius. He was not only a painter but also an inventor and 9 . His paintings, likeMona Lisa, are famous all over the world. His notebooks include many interesting drawings of machines that were not built until hundreds of years later. He 10 the way people think about art and science. 1．A．musical B．painting C．writing D．acting 2．A．happiness B．suffering C．peace D．danger 3．A．encourage B．stop C．hurt D．surprise 4．A．stopped B．encouraged C．made D．kept 5．A．ruled B．left C．built D．changed 6．A．colours B．sizes C．shapes D．kinds 7．A．went B．died C．came D．took 8．A．books B．stories C．fossils D．pictures 9．A．scientist B．doctor C．teacher D．farmer 10．A．stopped B．changed C．kept D．followed 三、阅读理解（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） Albert Einstein (1879—1955) Early Life Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. He had been an extraordinary person since he was born. He was always interested in things around him and full of imagination. He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers. Schooling Einstein started school in 1885. He did well in Maths and Science. Einstein finished grammar school in Germany and entered a university. He graduated (大学毕业) with the subject teacher diploma for Maths and Physics in 1900. Scientific Work After graduation, Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science, he still worked hard on scientific research. Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921. Later Life Einstein kept doing his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However, there was no answer. Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world. 1．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In an encyclopaedia. B．In an advertisement (广告). C．In a travel guide. D．In a dictionary. 2．From the passage, we can learn that Albert Einstein ________. A．was not good at asking questions B．did well in all his schoolwork C．worked as a doctor after he graduated D．had great achievements in Physics 3．What does the underlined word “extraordinary” mean in Chinese? A．幽默的 B．笨拙的 C．非凡的 D．普通的 4．Which of the following shows the order of Einstein’s experience? a. Albert Einstein asked a lot of questions about things. b. Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics. c. Albert Einstein started his school life in Germany. d. Albert Einstein became a top scientist in the world. e. Albert Einstein got a job at the Swiss Patent Office. A．a-c-b-e-d B．a-c-e-d-b C．c-a-b-e-d D．c-a-e-d-b 5．What can we know from the last two paragraphs? A．Nobody could be smarter than Albert Einstein. B．Scientists found out why Albert Einstein was so smart. C．Scientists showed great interest in Albert Einstein’s brain. D．Albert Einstein couldn’t keep on working in his later life. 四、阅读填空（六选五）（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯、意思完整。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Gu Fangzhou is an inspiring medical scientist remembered by all Chinese people. He devoted his whole life to developing vaccines to protect children’s health. 1 At that time, a terrible disease called polio spread widely in China. Many kids got sick and even became disabled because of it. Gu made up his mind to create a safe vaccine to stop the illness. 2 He spent years studying related medical records and doing endless experiments. To test whether the vaccine was safe, Gu took a brave action. 3 He swallowed the vaccine powder himself first without hesitation. After proving it had no bad influence on adults, he gave the medicine to his own young son for further testing. 4 Finally, the sugar cube polio vaccine was invented. It tasted sweet, so little kids were willing to take it easily. 5 Thanks to Gu’s great work, polio almost disappeared in our country. His selfless love for children moves every Chinese person deeply. A．He knew the research would be full of difficulties. B．It successfully protected millions of children from polio. C．He started his research on polio in the 1950s. D．He was afraid that the vaccine might bring side effects to kids. E．Lots of parents felt worried and helpless about this disease. F．Later, more volunteers joined the safety test of the vaccine. 五、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 Let’s read about some of these amazing animals. You probably know that the world’s fastest animal is the cheetah. Cheetahs can run at about 120 kilometres an hour. However, when they run, they spend more time in the air than on the ground. For this reason, they can only run at that speed for about 60 seconds. The largest animal in the world is the blue whale. Blue whales aren’t just the largest species (物种) right now. They are the largest animals that have ever existed (已经存在) on Earth. Blue whales are about 38 metres long, and they can weigh as much as 200 tons. Blue whales eat around four tons of food every day. Of course, the smartest animals in the world are humans. The second smartest animal is the chimpanzee (黑猩猩). Chimpanzees can make tools and build things. They can also solve problems. They can even use sign language for communication if taught (被教). Dolphins and parrots are also smart. Most people believe that tortoises live the longest. The oldest tortoise that we know turned 192 years old in 2024. However, some ocean animals live longer. Some koi, a kind of goldfish, can live for more than 200 years. There’s even a kind of jellyfish that can change its cells (细胞) and make them new again. This means that whenever the jellyfish gets old and weak, it can make itself young again! The nickname of this jellyfish is “immortal jellyfish”. 1．Why can cheetahs only run at their top speed for about 60 seconds? 2．What is the cleverest animal in the world? 3．What does the underlined word mean? 4．What other kinds of the most amazing animals or plants in the world do you know? Tell us. 5．Which animal is the second smartest in the world? 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $