Unit 5 What an adventure!（三）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修三（外研版）

Unit 5 What an adventure! 教材全解（三） nail,astonish,ray,consume,distinguish,gradually,surround, 。单元核心词汇 wrinkled,shore,carpet,intensity,vibration,atom,depth, broad等 。单元同步语法 定语从句综合 ⑦单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.astonish/a'stoni[/v.使吃惊，使惊讶 词形变化：astonishing(adj.)令人惊讶的；astonished(adj.）感到惊讶的； astonishment(n.)惊讶 辨析：astonish语气强于surprise,常指“令人难以置信”；amaze侧重“使惊 叹”；shock侧重“使震惊” 搭配：be astonished at/,by sth.对…感到惊讶；to one's astonishment令某人惊 讶的是 例句：It astonished me to learn that he had left school.. The audience was astonished by the magician's performance 2.consume /ken'sju:m/v.消耗；消费；吃/喝；充满（情感） 词形变化：consumption(m.）消费；消耗；consumer(n.)消费者 辨析：consume强调“用尽”；spend常指“花费时间/金钱”；waste指“浪费” 搭配：consume energy消耗能量；be consumed with sth.被…所吞噬（如情感) 例句：The car consumes a lot of fuel.. She was consumed with guilt after the accident. 3.distinguish/d'stmggwrf/v..分清；认出；使区别于 词形变化：distinct(adj.）清晰的；明显的；distinction(.)区别；优秀； distinguishable(adj.)可辨别的 搭配：distinguish A from B区分A和B;distinguish oneself使出众；be distinguished by以…为特征 辨析：distinguish强调“认出区别”；differentiate侧重“显示不同”；tell apart 口语化 例句：It's hard to distinguish the twin brothers.. He distinguished himself in the competition. 4.gradually/'q1raed3uali/adv.逐渐地，逐步地 词形变化：gradual(adj.)逐渐的 辨析：gradually强调“缓慢、逐步的变化”；step by step指“按步骤”；little by little更口语化 搭配：increase gradually逐渐增加；change gradually逐步变化 例句：The weather gradually became warmer. His health improved gradually after the operation. 5.surround/s'rand/v.环绕，围绕 词形变化：surroundings(.)环境；surrounding(adj.)周围的 辨析：suround常指“包围、围住”；encircle侧重“绕圈”；enclose指“圈起 来” 搭配：be surrounded by/with被…包围；surround oneself with身边围绕… 例句：The house is surrounded by tall trees. She likes to surround herself with friends. 6.wrinkled/'nkld/adj.有皱纹的；起褶的 词形变化：wrinkle(n.)皱纹v.(使)起皱纹 辨析：wrinkled常指皮肤或衣物；creased指“折痕”；lined指“有纹路” 搭配：wrinkled skin起皱的皮肤；wrinkled clothes起褶的衣服 例句：The old man's face was wrinkled with age. She ironed her wrinkled shirt. 7.intensity /I'tensati/n.（光、声等的)强度；强烈；剧烈 词形变化：intense(adj.)强烈的；紧张的；intensify(v.)加强；intensive(adj.) 密集的；彻底的 辨析：intensity偏向“程度”；strength指“力量”；power指“能力/动力” 搭配：light intensity光强度；high intensity高强度；emotional intensity情感强度 例句：The intensity of the light hurt my eyes. The debate continued with increasing intensity. 8.vibration/var'breIfn/n.震动，震颤 词形变化：vibrate(v.)震动；vibrant(adj.)充满活力的；颤动的 搭配：mechanical vibration机械振动；vibration damping减震 辨析：vibration指“快速小幅振动”；shake更普遍；quake指“剧烈晃动” 例句：The vibration from the train could be felt inside the house. Mobile phones are set to vibration mode. 9.broad/bro:d/adi.宽的，阔的；广泛的；概括的 词形变化：broaden(v.）拓宽；broadness(m.）宽度；broadly(adv.)广泛地 搭配：in broad daylight在大白天；broad shoulders宽阔的肩膀；a broad range广 泛的范围 辨析：broad强调“横向宽度”；wide侧重“从一边到另一边”；wide更常用 例句：The river is too broad to swim across. The museum has a broad collection of art. l0.beneath/bI'ni:θ/prep.在…之下，在…正下方 词形变化：无词性转换，但可与below,under辨析 辨析：beneath较正式，可表示“在…正下方”或“低于（地位/级别）”；under 最常用；below侧重“低于某水平” 搭配：beneath the surface表面之下；beneath one's dignity有失身份 例句：The dog hid beneath the table, He felt it was beneath him to complain. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.It was (astonish)that he could solve the problem so quickly. 2.The factory (consume)large amounts of electricity every month 3.Can you (distinct)the difference between these two sounds? 4.The sky (gradual)grew dark as the storm approached. 5.The garden is completely (surround)by a high wall. 6.Her hands were (wrinkle)from years of hard work. 7.The (intense)of the earthquake caused buildings to collapse. 8.The phone (vibrate)silently on the desk. 9.The path is too narrow;we need a (broad)road. 10.The treasure was buried deep (beneath). 11.After years of practice,he (distinguish)himself as a talented pianist. 12.The (consume)of fossil fuels should be reduced to protect the environment. 13.She spoke with such (intense)that everyone listened carefully. 14.The earthquake (vibration)lasted for about thirty seconds. 15.He refused to apologize,saying it was (beneath)him. (二)短文填空 Scientists have long been 1. by the power of nature.Earthquakes,for example, 2. huge amounts of energy and cause 3. that can be felt far away.The 4 of these vibrations depends on the depth of the quake.Buildings 5. by soft soil may shake more violently.Over time,the ground 6. changes its shape.People living in such areas must learn to 7. between different types of tremors.A 8. understanding of earthquake science can help save lives.It is not 9 anyone to study basic safety rules.After all,preventing damage is better than dealing with a 10. and broken future. 参考答案 1.astonishing;2.consumes;3.distinguish;4.gradually;5.surrounded; (一)单句填空 6.wrinkled;7.intensity;8.vibrated;9.broader;10.beneath;11.distinguished; 12.consumption;13.intensity;14.vibrations;15.beneath (二)短文填空 1.astonished;2.consume;3.vibrations;4.intensity;5.surrounded;6.gradually; 7.distinguish;8.broad;9.beneath;10.wrinkled 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 定语从句综合 定语从句综合 项目 内容 定语从句，又称关系从句，在复合句中充当定语，修饰主句中的某个名词 定义 或代词（即先行词）。它由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导，位于先 行词之后。 核心构成与关定语从句的结构为：先行词+关系词+从句（主语+谓语+其他） 系词 关系代词 wo/hat:指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。 作主语：The teacher who/that teaches us English is very kind..(教我们英 语的老师很和蔼。) 作宾语：The man who/that I met is my uncle.(我遇到的那个人是我叔 叔。) whom:指人，在从句中作宾语（正式用法）。 作宾语：The girl whom you saw is my sister.（你看到的那个女孩是我妹 妹。) which/that:指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 作主语：The book which/that lies on the desk is mine.(桌子上的那本书 是我的。) 作宾语：The movie which/that we watched was exciting.(我们看的那部 电影很刺激。) whose:表“（某人/物)的”，指人或物，在从句中作定语。 指人：The writer whose novels I love will give a talk.(我喜爱其小说的那 位作家将要演讲。) 指物：The house whose roof is red is new.(屋J顶是红色的那座房子是新 的。) as:用于the same.as;such.as;as.as结构中，或指代整个句子（非限制 性定语从句)。 I have the same opinion as he does.(我和他有相同的观点。) As is known to all,,the Earth is round.（众所周知，地球是圆的。) 关系副词 when:先行词表时间，在从句中作时间状语。 I'll never forget the day when I first met her.(我永远不会忘记我第一次见 到她的那一天。) whee:先行词表地点，在从句中作地点状语。 This is the factory where I worked two years ago.(这是我两年前工作的工 厂。) why:先行词表原因（常为reason.),在从句中作原因状语。 That's the reason why he was late..(那就是他迟到的原因。) 限制性定语从句 功能：对先行词起限定、识别作用，去掉后句意不完整。 写法：从句与主句之间不加逗号。 例句：Students who are hardworking will succeed.（勤奋的学生会成 功。) 限制性定语从 非限制性定语从句 句vs.非限制 性定语从句 功能：对先行词进行补充说明，去掉后主句意思仍然完整。 写法：从句与主句之间用逗号隔开。 关系词：不能用that,指人用who/whom/whose, 指物用which,指地点 用where,指时间用wheno 例句：My mother,,who is a teacher,,loves reading.(我妈妈，她是一名老 师，热爱阅读。) 特殊用法与难只能用that的情况 点 ①先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 He is the first student that won the prize ②先行词被all,any,evey,no,1itle,much,vey,only等不定代词/限定词 修饰时。 I've told you all that I know. ③先行词既指人又指物时。 We talked about the people and things that we remembered. 不能用that的情况 ①引导非限制性定语从句时。 The book,which I borrowed from the library,is very interesting. ②关系词位于介词之后时。 The man to whom you spoke is my teacher. “介词+关系代词”结构 关系代词whom(指人)/which(指物)可以放在介词后面，引导定语从 句。介词的选择取决于先行词或从句谓语动词的搭配。 This is the house in which (where )Shakespeare was born. The man with whom(=who...with )I talked is a doctor. 考点通关 定语从句综合 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.The young man you saw in the library is our new English teacher A.whom B.which C.whose D.when 2.I'll never forget the summer vacation we spent together on the beach A.when B.where C.which D.what 3.The book,cover is broken,is still one of the most popular novels. A.which B.that C.whose D.of which 4.Is this the factory you visited last year? A.where B.in which C.the one D,that 5.The reason he gave for being late was that he missed the early bus A.why B.for which C.that D.when 6.Mount Qomolangma,the height is over 8000 meters,is called the "Roof of the World". A.whose B.which C.of which D,that 7.He was always late for work,made his boss very angry. A.that B.which C.what D.who 8.I will never forget the days I studied in the university,had a great effect on my life. A.which;that B.when;which C.when;that D.which;when 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cuisine,1. is known for its diversity and balance,has a long history The Silk Road,2 along it traders exchanged goods and ideas,played a vital role in its spread. Many regions in China are famous for their unique dishes.For example,Sichuan food, 3. flavor is bold and spicy,uses alot of Sichuan pepper. There is a story about the Manchu Han Imperial Feast(满汉全席)，4. refers to an enormous banquet containing both Manchu and Han Chinese dishes It was first held during the Qing Dynasty,a time 5. China's economy was at its peak. The reason 6 people love food travel is often to experience the local culture, which is the soul 7. behind the dishes. A chef,8. skill has been passed down for generations,is like an artist. He is the person 9. we can trust to create memorable meals These meals,10. meaning goes beyond just eating,are a true treasure of human civilization. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.A;2.C;3.C;4.D;5.C;6.C;7B;8.B 1.which;2.where;3.whose;4.which;5.when;6.why; 语法专练二：语法填空 7.that;8.whose;9.whom;10.whose A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 迷失丛林 1.Having run out of water and food,we were beginning to feel desperate,when we heard the sound of a river flowing nearby. 结构：Having+过去分词+主句 中文：因为水和食物都耗尽了，我们开始感到绝望，这时听到了附近河流的声音。 用法：表示该动作发生在主句动作之前，作时间或原因状语。逻辑主语必须与主句主 语一致。 2....we were beginning to feel desperate,when we heard the sound of a river flowing nearby 结构：主句（进行时/be about to do.)+when+从句 中文：我们开始感到绝望，就在这时听到了附近河流的声音。 用法：这里的when表示“就在这时/突然”，常与过去进行时连用。 3. What we found was not just a river,but a beautiful waterfall,with clear,cool water cascading down into a pool below. 结构：What+主语+谓语+系动词+表语 中文：我们发现的不只是一条河，而是一个美丽的瀑布。 用法：What引导从句作主语，谓语用单数。 4. ...with clear,cool water cascading down into a pool below. 结构：wth+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语 中文：清澈凉爽的水倾泻而下，流入下方的水潭。 用法：表示伴随的状态、原因或方式。 5....the importance of staying calmin a crisis,and of never giving up hope... 结构：介词+动名词短语 中文：在危机中保持冷静和永不放弃希望的重要性。 用法：介词后必须接名词或动名词。 6. ...exhausted but relieved. 结构：形容词（短语）+逗号+主句 中文：筋疲力尽但如释重负。 用法：形容词短语说明主语的状态。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1. (run)out of food,they had to hunt for berries. 2.I was about to leave the phone1ang.(填入恰当连 词) 3. (find)at the end of the road was a small village 4.He sat on the rock. his dog sleeping beside him. 入介词) 5.The secret to happiness is (appreciate)small things. 6.She emphasized the importance of (keep)a positive attitude 7. (finish)his work,he went out for a walk 8.The climbers were exhausted, (relieve)to reach the top. 9. (teach)by the adventure,he never gave up easily. 10.The path was dangerous, (force)us to move slowly. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.失去了水和食物，他们开始感到绝望。 2. 我们正要搭帐篷，这时听到了狼的嚎叫。 3.我们在丛林中发现的是一个美丽的瀑布。 4.他站在那里，手里拿着一根木棍。 5.保持冷静在危机中是非常重要的。 6.他强调了永不放弃希望的重要性。 7.迷路了三个小时后，他们终于找到了返回的路。 8.正游着泳，这时突然下起了大雨。 9.他所说的话让我感到鼓舞。 10.孩子们从学校跑出来，又累又开心。 参考答案 1.Having run;2.when;3.What we found;4.with; 练习一：完成句子 5.appreciating;6.keeping;7.Having finished;8.relieved; 9.Taught;10.forcing 1.Having run out of water and food,they began to feel desperate.2.We were about to set up camp when we heard the howling of wolves.;3.What we found in the jungle was a beautiful waterfall.;4.He stood there,with a stick in his hand. 练习二：翻译句子 5.Staying calmin a crisis is very important.;6.He emphasized the importance of never giving up hope.7.Having been lost for three hours,they finally found their way back.8.I was swimming when it suddenly began to rain heavily.;9.What he said made me feel encouraged.;10.The children ran out of school,exhausted but happy A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage 1 In 1953,Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay became the first climbers to reach the summit of Mount Everest.Their achievement was hailed as a tiumph of human endurance.Yet few know that the final push to the top almost ended in disaster.At 8,848 meters,thedeath zone"offers only a third of the oxygen available at sea level.The two climbers had to make a critical decision:turn back or risk everything.They chose to continue.Within hours,Hillary's oxygen system failed,he could barely see. Tenzing,using a spare regulator,guided him upward.At 11:30 a.m.,they stood on the roof of the world Decades later,scientists have discovered that high-altitude climbers experience dramatic changes in brain structure.A 2020 study found that prolonged exposure to hypoxia leads to reduced gray matter volume, affecting memory and decision-making.However,the brain often shows remarkable recovery once climbers retum to lower altitudes.This capacity for neuroplasticity,the brain's ability to rewire itself,has fascinated researchers.Modern expeditions now cany portable brain monitors to track these changes in real time.The data not only help climbers but also inform treatments for patients with oxygen deprivation from strokes or heart attacks. ()1.What was the main problem faced by Hillary and Tenzing during their final push? A.They ran out of food. B.Hillary's oxygen equipment malfunctioned. C.Tenzing suffered from altitude sickness. D.They encountered a snowstorm. ()2.The"death zone"is characterized by A.extremely low temperatures B.very thin air C.frequent avalanches D.lack of sunlight ()3.According to the 2020 study,high-altitude climbing can lead to A.permanent memory loss B.increased gray matter volume C.changes in brain structure D.improved decision-making ()4.Why do scientists think the brain's recovery at lower altitudes is important? A.It proves that climbing is safe. B.It may help treat oxygen-related diseases C.It allows climbers to climb repeatedly. D.It prevents strokes completely. ()5.Which of the following best describes the author's attitude toward modern expeditions? A.Disapproving. B.Indifferent. C.Supportive. D.Skeptical. Passage 2 The concept of"adventure tourism'has evolved from extreme sports to include cultural immersion and environmental responsibility.Today,companies offer trips to remote villages in the Amazon,where tourists can leam indigenous techniques for building shelters and identifying medicinal plants.But this trend raises ethical questions:Are such experiences authentic,or merely staged performances for paying visitors?Critics argue that communities may commodify their traditions,losing their original meaning.For example,a tribe might perform a sacred ritual daily for tourists,transforming it into a commercial show However,supporters point out that responsible tourism can provide income and incentive to preserve cultures that might otherwise vanish.A 2019 study of Maasai communities in Kenya found that tourism revenue directly funded schools and healthcare.Yet the same study wained that excessive visitor numbers could degrade the environment and erode social structures.The key,researchers suggest,is a strict code of conduct:limit group sizes,require cultural sensitivity training for guides,and reinvest profits into local conservation.One successful model is the "Cuzco Canopy Walkway"in Peru,where 90%of profits go to local communities,and visitors must attend a one-hour orientation on Andean history before entering. This balance between economic benefit and cultural integrity is the new frontier of adventure tourism. ()6.According to the passage,modemn adventure tourism includes A.only extreme sports B.learning from indigenous people C.staying in luxury hotels D.competing in races ()7.What is one criticism of adventure tourism in remote communities? A.It damages the environment. B.It may turn traditions into commercial performances. C.It is too expensive for local people. D.It lacks safety measures. ()8.The 2019 study of Maasai communities showed that tourism A.only provided financial benefits B.had no impact on social structures C.brought both benefits and risks D.was universally accepted ()9.The "Cuzco Canopy Walkway"is presented as an example of A.a failed tourism project B.a model of balanced tourism C.a purely commercial venture D.a unique indigenous tradition ()10.What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage? A.To promote extreme sports. B.To discuss the challenges of adventure tourism. C.To criticize all forms of tourism. D.To describe a travel destination. 二、完形填空 Two years ago,I decided to hike the Torres del Paine circuit in Patagonia alone.I had trained for months, but nothing prepared me for the 1. of the wind.On the third day,a sudden storm forced me to take shelter behind a rock.As I waited,I noticed a small bird struggling against the gale.It was a 2. sight-the bird was barely the size of my fist,yet it refused to give up.Each time it was blown backward,it flapped harder.I felt a strange 3. with that creature.When the storm passed, I continued my hike,but the image stayed with me.Weeks later,back home,I learned that the bird was a Magellanic woodpecker,a species 4. by habitat loss.Its determination in the face of the wind seemed to mirror the fight for survival of its kind.The experience 5.my understanding of adventure.It wasn't about conquering mountains 6. about witnessing the resilience of life.I began volunteering for a local conservation group,7. to protect the wild places I had come to love.The hike 8. me more than any textbook could have.It taught me that true adventure is not 9. the destination but the moments that change how we see the world.Today,I still look at that photo of the bird,and I remember:even when the wind blows 10. we are,we can choose to keep moving 1.A.violence B.silence C.absence D.patience 2.A.confusing B.humorous C.humbling D.fiightening 3.A.connection B.competition C.contrast D.conflict 4.A.threatened B.protected C.ignored D.created 5.A.limited B.changed C.confimed D.repeated 6.A.and B.or C.but D.so 7.A.determined B.hesitating C.pretending D.failing 8.A.bored B.taught C.disappointed D.exhausted 9.A.about B.beyond C.against D.without 10.A.where B.when C.why D.how 11.A.forward B.backward C.upward D.downward 12.A.pride B.shame C.relief D.anger 13.A.eventually B.gradually C.barely D.frequently 14.A.ignore B.embrace C.regret D.forget 15.A.mission B.hobby C.challenge D.career 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the following passage and answer the questions in complete sentences On July 20,1969,Neil Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon.But behind that historic step lay years of preparation driven by a spirit of adventure that went beyond space travel.The Apollo program,which cost roughly $25 billion at the time,was not only a scientific endeavor but also a response to the Cold War rivalry.However,the benefits extended far beyond national pride.Technologies developed for the Moon landing,such as integrated circuits and satellite communication,eventually found their way into everyday life.The miniaturization of computers,for instance,was accelerated by the need to fit navigation systems into a spacecraft.Today,scientists are setting their sights on Mars.Unlike the Moon,Mars has a thin atmosphere and a gravity about 38%of Earth's.A round trip would take at least three years,exposing astronauts to high levels of cosmic radiation.To prepare,researchers are conducting simulations in remote areas like the Antarctic or the Utah desert,where conditions mimic those on the Red Planet.Participants live in sealed habitats,communicate with mission control with a time delay,and even conduct"spacewalks"wearing heavy suits.These analog missions reveal psychological challenges: isolation,monotony,and the stress of constant risk.Yet the desire to explore persists.As one astronaut put it,"We don't explore because we have to.We explore because we want to know what lies beyond the horizon." 1.What was one of the technological spin-offs of the Apollo program mentioned in the passage? 2.Why are researchers conducting simulations in places like the Antarctic? 3.According to the passage,what psychological challenges do Mars astronauts likely face? 4.How does the quote at the end of the passage summarize the human spirit of adventure? 5.What is the author's attitude toward future space exploration based on the tone of the text? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mount Everest,the world's highest peak,has long been a destination that 1. climbers.Its 2. beauty is matched only by the danger it presents.At high altitudes,the air is thin,and the body 3. oxygen at a much faster rate.Climbers must learn to 4. between signs of altitude sickness and normal fatigue.The terrain changes 5. as you ascend,from rocky paths to snow-covered slopes.The mountain is 6. by dozens of other peaks,creating a landscape that seems to stretch forever.But beneath the surface,the mountain is 7. with folds and cracks, evidence of the tectonic forces that created it.Even the 8.of the wind can feel like a physical force.In recent years,the number of climbers has increased,raising concerns about overcrowding and environmental damage.Some 9. guides argue that the spirit of adventure has been lost.Yet for many,the call of the mountain remains a challenge that is not 10. their dignity to pursue. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. 8. 9 10. 五、写作 假设你是高一新生李华，你所在的国际学校正在举办以“My Unforgettable Adventure”为题的征 文活动。请你写一篇英文短文投稿，内容包括： 1.描述一次你亲身经历或听说的冒险活动： 2.这次经历对你的影响或启示。 要求： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Editor, My Unforgettable Adventure Last summer,I went on a three-day desert camping tip with my father.We drove deep into the Gobi, where the only sound was wind and sand.At night,the sky blazed with stars-something I had never seen in the city.The harsh environment taught me the importance of preparation and teamwork.When we ran out of water,we had to use a map to find a hidden spring.That adventure changed me.I learned that stepping out ofmy comfort zone is not scary,it makes me stronger and more grateful for what I have.It was tuly an unforgettable experience. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 Passage 1:1-5 BBCBC 一、 阅读理解 Passage 2:6-10 BBCCB 二、完形填空1-5 ACAAB6-10 CABAC11-15 AACBA 1.Integrated circuits /satellite communication/miniaturization of computers(any one) 2.To simulate conditions on Mars (thin atmosphere,isolation,etc.) 三、阅读短文 回答问题 3.Isolation,monotony,stress of constant risk 4.It shows that exploration is driven by curiosity,not obligation 5.Positive/supportive/admiring 1.astonishes 2.broad 3.consumes 4.distinguish 5.gradually 四、短文填空 6.surrounded 7.wrinkled 8.intensity 9.wrinkled 10.beneath 五、写作 范文： Last summer,I went on a three-day desert camping tip with my father.We drove deep into the Gobi, where the only sound was wind and sand.At night,the sky blazed with stars-something I had never seen in the city.The harsh environment taught me the importance of preparation and teamwork.When we ran out of water,we had to use a map to find a hidden spring.That adventure changed me.I learned that stepping out ofmy comfort zone is not scary;it makes me stronger and more grateful for what I have.It was truly an unforgettable experience.