Unit 4 Friends forever（二）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修一（外研版）

Unit 4 Friends forever 教材全解（二） prove illustrate diagram inspiring teenager pour 。单元核心词汇 pot gram pack comfort patience passion; generosity slice humour 。单元同步语法 限定性定语从句关系副词 ⊙单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.prove/pu:v/v.证明，证实 词汇变形：proof(m.）证据；proven(adj.)被证实的 搭配：prove sth.tosb.向某人证明某事；prove oneself证明自己；prove to be结果 是，证明是 辨析：prove强调通过事实或证据证实；testify指在法庭等场合作证；demonstrate 指通过操作或演示来证明。 例句：The experiment proved the theory to be correct. He has proved himself a reliable partner. 2.illustrate/'lostrert/v.(举例)说明，阐明；（给…)加插图 词汇变形：illustration(n.)说明；插图；illustrative(adj.）说明性的；illustrator n.）插图画家 搭配：illustrate sth.with sth.用…说明…；as illustrated in..正如…所示 辨析：illustrate侧重用例子或图表解释；demonstrate侧重操作演示；explain侧重 口头或书面解释。 例句：The teacher illustrated the grammar rule with several examples, The diagram illustrates how the machine works 3.inspiring /In'spararm/adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的 词汇变形：inspire(v.)鼓舞，激励；inspiration(n.)灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事； inspired(adj.）受到鼓舞的；有灵感的 搭配：inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演讲；inspiring story激励人心的故事 辨析：inspiring主动鼓舞他人；inspired指被鼓舞的状态。 例句：Her inspiring words gave us the courage to continue. The film was both moving and inspiring. 4.comfort/'kAmfat/n.安慰，慰藉v.安慰，使舒适 词汇变形：comfortable(adj.)舒适的；comfortably(adv.)舒适地；comforter(n.) 安慰者；安慰物 搭配：take comfort from/in..从…中得到安慰；comfort sb..安慰某人；a comfort tosb.对某人是一种安慰 辨析：comfort侧重情感上的安慰；console更正式，指正式地安慰；ease侧重减轻 痛苦或焦虑。 例句：The letter was a great comfort to her. Friends tried to comfort the crying child. 5.patience/'peifns/n.耐心 词汇变形：patient(adj.)耐心的(n.）病人patiently(adv.)耐心地；impatient (ad.)不耐烦的 搭配：have patience with sb./sth.对…有耐心；lose patience失去耐心；with patience耐心地 辨析：patience强调忍受而不急躁；endurance强调忍耐力，不一定指情绪。 例句：You need a lot of patience to learn a language.. She waited with patience for the bus 6 passion/'pen/n.强烈的情感，激情；酷爱 词汇变形：passionate(adj.)热情的，充满激情的；passionately(adv.)热情地 搭配：have a passion for..对…有强烈的爱好；with passion充满激情地；bum with passion充满激情 辨析：passion指强烈的情感，可能指爱、恨或兴趣；enthusiasm指热忱，积极兴 趣。 例句：She has a passion for music. He spoke with great passion about his work. 7.generosity/,d3en3'rDsati/n.慷慨，大方 词汇变形：generous(adj.)慷慨的，大方的；generously(adv.)慷慨地 搭配：with generosity慷慨地；a man of generosity慷慨的人；generosity to/towards sb.对某人的慷慨 辨析：generosity强调给予财物或时间；liberality更强调心胸开阔，不吝啬。 例句：The family's generosity was greatly appreciated, She is known for her generosity to charity. 8.humour/'hju:me(r)/n.幽默感；幽默 词汇变形：humorous(adj.)幽默的；幽默感；humorously(adv.)幽默地；sense of humour幽默感 搭配：have a sense of humour有幽默感；black humour黑色幽默；in good humour 心情好 辨析：humour可数时指某种幽默；humor美式拼写。 例句：He has a great sense of humour. The book is full of gentle humour. 9.quality/'kwplati/,n.质量；品质，素质adij.优质的 词汇变形：qualitative(adj.)定性的质量的；qualify(w.)使合格；限定； qualification(n.)资格 搭配：high quality高质量；in quality在质量上；personal qualities个人品质； quality of life生活质量 辨析：quality指事物的优劣程度或人的品德；character指性格特征。 例句：The quality of the product is excellent,. Honesty is a valuable quality. 10.anxious/'eks/adj.焦虑的，不安的：渴望的 词汇变形：anxiety(n.）焦虑，忧虑；anxiously(adv.)焦虑地 搭配：be anxious about sth.为…担忧；be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事；anxious moments焦虑的时刻 辨析：anxious强调内心不安；eager强调热切期待；wonied更口语化。 例句：She was anxious about the exam results. They were anxious to leave as soon as possible. 1l.postpone/p3'spam/v.使（事件、行动等）延期，推迟 词汇变形：postponement(m.)延期，推迟 搭配：postpone sth.to/until...把某事推迟到；postpone doing sth.推迟做某事 辨析：postpone通常指主动推迟到未来某时；delay可能因意外而耽误；put off更 口语化。 例句：The meeting was postponed to next Friday.. They decided to postpone making a decision. l2.distance/distans//n.距离；远处v.使与…保持距离，撇清关系 词汇变形：distant(adj.)遥远的；冷淡的；distantly(adv.)遥远地；冷淡地 搭配：in the distance在远处；keep one's distance from与…保持距离；distance oneself from使自己与…疏远 辨析：distance作动词时是抽象意义的“疏远”；keep away更指物理距离。 例句：We can see the mountains in the distance. He tried to distance himself from the scandal. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The experiment failed to (prove)the scientist's theory. 2.The teacher (illustrate)the point with a simple diagram. 3.After hearing the (inspire)speech,everyone felt more confident. 4.She always tries to (comfort)her friends when they are sad. 5.You must have (patient)to deal with such a difficult situation. 6.The young man spoke with such (passionate)that the audience was moved. 7.They were touched by the (generous)of the local people. 8.A good sense of (humorous)can help people get through hard times. 9.The most important (quality)of a leader is honesty. 10.Many students feel (anxiety)before the final exam. 11.The sports meeting was (postpone)due to the heavy rain. 12.To avoid misunderstanding,he tried to (distance)himself from the group. (二)短文填空 Do you believe that a simple act of kindness can change someone's life?Let me 1. with a real story. One day,a poor teenager was feeling 2. about his future.He had lost his 3. with life and thought no one cared.Just then,an old lady offered him a warm smile and a few words of 4. She told him that 5. and 6. are the most valuable 7. a person can have. 8. by her words,the teenager decided to change his attitude.He began to 9. himself every day.Years later,he became a successful man.He never forgot that moment and always tried to keep a sense of 10. and a 11. from negativity. Sometimes,a little kindness can 12. to be the turning point in someone's life. 参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.prove;2.illustrated;3.inspiring;4.comfort,5.patience;6.passion; 7.generosity;8.humour,9.quality;10.anxious;11.postponed;12.distance (二)短文填空 1.illustrate;2.anxious;3.patience;4.comfort;5.generosity;6.passion; 7.qualities;8.Inspired;9.prove;10.humour,11.distance;12.prove A 教材同步·语法全解全练 重点1 限定性定语从句关系副词 限定性定语从句关系副词 项目 内容 限定性定语从句用于修饰先行词，对先行词起限制、指定作用，去掉后句 定义 子意思不完整。关系副词在从句中充当状语，代替“介词+先行词”结 构，引导从句修饰先行词。 先行词：表示时间的名词(day,year,time,moment等) when 在从句中作时间状语，相当于on/in/at+which 例句：I still remember the day when we first met. 先行词：表示地点的名词(place,.school,city,situation,.case等) where 在从句中作地点状语，相当于in/at/on+which 例句：This is the school where I studied for three years. 先行词：reason why 在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which 例句：Tell me the reason why you were late.. 关系副词不能省略，且不可用关系代词(that/which.)直接替换（除非改为 “介词+which”结构)。 where的抽象用法：先行词为case,point,situation,stage,.condition等抽象名 词时，也用where引导定语从句（表示“在…情况下/点上”)。 用法要点 when的先行词可以是moment,.period,age等，关系副词when在从句中作时 间状语。 why通常只修饰reason,且reason作先行词时，关系副词why可以省略（口 语中常见)，但正式文体中通常保留。 I still remember the day when we first met This is the school where I studied for three years. 例句对比 Tell me the reason why you were late. We are facing a situation where no one can help us. The moment when he heard the news,he cried. 关系副词不能省略，且不可用关系代词(that/which)直接替换（除非改为 “介词+which”结构)。 注意事项 “介词+which"”结构可以替换关系副词，但介词的选择取决于先行词与 从句动词的搭配。 考点通关 限定性定语从句关系副词 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.Do you still remember the day we went to the museum?-Yes,it was a sunny afternoon. A.that B.when C.where D.why 2.This is the factory my father worked ten years ago. A.that B.when C.where D.which 3.I don't understand the reason he refused my invitation. A.where B.that C.when D.why 4.We have entered a new age robots can do most housework. A.where B.when C.which D.why 5.The moment I saw him,I knew he was the right person. A.that B.when C.where D.why 6.Is there a case this medicine works better than that one? A.where B.when C.that D.why 7.She told me the exact time the train would arrive. A.that B.which C.when D.where 8. -What is the reason you are always late for school?-Sory,I'll get up earlier. A.where B.when C.why D.that 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用适当的关系副词或“介词+wich”填空（每空一词，部分可用“介词+which”结构) 1.I will never forget the summer I spent in the countryside. 2.The park we often go for a walk is very beautiful. 3.Do you know the reason he didn't attend the meeting? 4.We arrived at a small village the houses were all made of wood. 5.Years ago,there was a time people had no computers. 6.Can you imagine a situation you have to make a decision in one minute? 7.The factory my brother works is far from the city center. 8.The day they got married was a warm spring day. 9.He gave no explanation for the reason he was absent from class. 10.This is the hotel the famous writer once stayed. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.C;3.D;4.A;5.B;6.A;7.C;8.C 1.that/which;2.where;3.why;4.where;5.when;6.where; 语法专练二：语法填空 7.where;8.when;9.why;10.where 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 友谊 I still remember clearly the day when we first met in the library and shared the same nteresting book 结构：先行词（表示时间）+when+定语从句 中文：我仍然清楚地记得我们在图书馆第一次见面并分享同一本有趣的书的那一天。 用法：①when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于"onin/at which"。②先行词通常 是表示时间的名词。③当先行词是time时，关系词可用when/that,也可省略。 注意：区分when引导的定语从句和when引导的时间状语从句。定语从句中when 前有被修饰的时间名词；时间状语从句中wen前没有先行词。 We have so much in common that we can talk happily for hours without feeling bored or ired. 结构：so+形容词/副词+hat从句或so+many/mch/few/little+名词+that从 句 中文：我们有如此多的共同点，以至于我们可以愉快地聊上几个小时而不感到无聊或 疲倦。 用法：①表示“如此…以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。②$0修饰形容词/副 词；such修饰名词。③so many/so much/so few/so little后直接接名词。易混：so that引导目的状语从句（为了…），从句常含can/could/will;而so..that表示结 果。 Although we have been far away from each other for years,we still keep in touch by writing emails or making calls. 结构：A1 though/Though+从句，主句 中文：虽然我们多年来相距很远，但我们仍然通过电子邮件或打电话保持联系。 用法：①表示“虽然”，不能与but连用。②可与yet/still连用，起强调作用。 ③though还可用于倒装结构：Adj./Adv./V.+as/hough+主语+谓语。注意：even though(即使)语气更强，用法相同。 It is true friendship that makes our life more colourful,meaningful and worth living. 结构：It+is/was+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分 中文：正是真正的友谊让我们的生活更加丰富多彩、有意义且值得过。 用法：①可以强调主语、宾语、状语，不能强调谓语。②强调人时可用wo,其 他情况用hat。③判断方法：去掉“Itis..hat..”后，剩余部分仍是完整句子。注 意：区分强调句型与形式主语句型(It's+adj.+hat.)。 What I like most about her is that she is always honest,kind and ready to help others in rouble. 结构：What+主语+谓语（主语从句)+is+that+表语从句 中文：我最喜欢她的是她总是诚实、善良并且乐于帮助有困难的人。 用法：①what引导的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。②what在从句中充当成 分（本例中作like的宾语）。③that引导表语从句，that不能省略。注意：what= the thing(s)that,不能换成thato I find it really lucky to have such a good friend who understands me better than anyone else 结构：主语+谓语+it+形容词/名词+to do sth./hat从句 中文：我觉得有一个比任何人都更了解我的好朋友真的很幸运。 用法：①it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语或that从句。②常见动 词：find,think,consider,make,feel等。③宾补可以是形容词或名词。附加知识点： 句中还包含一个定语从句“who understands me better than anyone else'”,先行词是 friend,who在从句中作主语。 We keep in touch by writing emails or making calls. 结构：by+doing sth..表示“通过（做）某事” 中文：我们通过写电子邮件或打电话保持联系。 用法：by是介词，后接名词或动名词，用来回答“how”的问题，表示手段或方式。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.I can still remember the moment (when/which)I first saw her. 2.She has (so/such)many good qualities (that/which)everyone likes her 3. (Although/Because)we argued sometimes,we are still good friends. 4.It is (we/our)friendship (that/what)makes us strong. (What/That)I admire most is her kindness. 6.I consider (it/that)necessary (to keep/keeping)in touch. 7.We communicate (by/with) (send)text messages. 8.The friend (who/which)understands me best is Lily. 9. (Although/So)she is busy,she always has time for me. 10.What we need (is/are)true friends. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子) 1.我仍然清楚地记得我们第一次见面的那一天。 2.我们有如此多的共同点，以至于我们可以愉快地聊上几个小时。 3.虽然我们多年来相距很远，但我们仍然通过电子邮件或打电话保持联系。 4.正是真正的友谊让我们的生活更加丰富多彩、有意义且值得过。 5.我最喜欢她的是她总是诚实、善良并且乐于帮助有困难的人。 6.我觉得有一个比任何人都更了解我的好朋友真的很幸运。 7.我们通过分享同一本有趣的书而成为了朋友。 8.她从不感到无聊或疲倦，因为她热爱聊天。 9.无论距离多远，真正的友谊永远不会褪色。 10.我认为保持联系对于友谊非常重要。 参考答案 1.when;2.so that;3.Although;4.our that;5.What;6.it to keep;7.by 练习一：完成句子 sending;8.who;9.Although;10.is 1.I still remember clearly the day when we first met.;2.We have so much in common that we can talk happily for hours.;3.Although we have been far away from each other for years,we still keep in touch by writing emails or making calls.4.It is true friendship that makes our life more colourful, meaningful and worth living.:5.What I like most about her is that 练习二：翻译句子 she is always honest,kind and ready to help others in trouble.;6.I find it really lucky to have such a good friend who understands me better than anyone else.;7.We became friends by sharing the same interesting book.;8.She never feels bored or tired because she loves chatting.;9.No matter how far apart we are,true friendship never fades.;10.I think it very important to keep in touch for friendship 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage 1 In an era dominated by digital communication,the nature ofhuman connection has undergone a profound transformation.The rise of social media platforms,instant messaging applications,and video conferencing tools has fundamentally altered how we initiate,maintain,and perceive friendships.While these technological advances offer unprecedented opportunities for staying connected across vast distances, they also raise critical questions about the quality and depth of modern relationships. Research conducted by the University of Oxford suggests that the average person now maintains approximately 5.3 close fiiendships,a figure that has remained relatively stable over the past decade. However,the study also reveals a significant shift in how these fiiendships are sustained.Traditional face- to-face interactions have been increasingly replaced by digital exchanges,with participants reporting that they spend an average of 4.2 hours per day engaged in social media activities,compared to just 1.8 hours in direct personal contact with friends. The implications of this shift are far-reaching.Dr.Emily Richardson,a sociologist specializing in digital relationships,argues that while technology enables us to connect with more people than ever before,it may simultaneously dilute the quality of these connections."We're experiencing what I call social inflation',"she explains."We have more contacts but shallower relationships.The paradox of modern friendship is that we've never been more connected,yet many people feel more isolated than previous generations." This phenomenon is particularly pronounced among young adults aged 18 to 25,who typically maintain an average of 298 social media connections but report having only 2.3 true confidants.The disparity between online networks and genuine emotional support networks has led mental health professionals to express concern about the potential psychological consequences.Studies have shown that individuals who rely primarily on digital communication for social interaction are 1.6 times more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety compared to those who maintain regular in-person contact Nevertheless,the impact of technology on friendship is not uniformly negative.For individuals with limited mobility,those living in remote areas,or members of marginalized communities,digital platforms provide vital lifelines to social connection that would otherwise be inaccessible.Moreover,research indicates that the quality of online interactions can be enhanced through deliberate practice,such as scheduling regular video calls,engaging in shared online activities,and being mindful about maintaining authentic communication. The key,according to Dr.Richardson,lies not in rejecting technology but in using it more intentionally. "Friendship,whether online or offline,requires investment of time,emotional energy,and genuine care. The medium matters less than the message.What really counts is the effort we put into understanding, supporting,and being present for one another,regardless of whether we're meeting in a coffee shop or on a screen.” ()1.What does the term "social inflation"in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.The increasing number of social media platforms B.The phenomenon of having more contacts but weaker relationships C.The rising cost of maintaining friendships D.The expansion of social networks through technology ()2.According to the passage,what percentage ofyoung adults'social media connections are considered true confidants? A.Approximately 0.8% B.Approximately 1.6% C.Approximately 2.3% D.Approximately 5.3% ()3.Which group of people is mentioned as benefiting from digital friendship platforms? A.University students studying abroad B.People living in urban areas with busy schedules C.Individuals with limited mobility and those in remote areas D.Mental health professionals seeking new treatments ()4.What does Dr.Richardson suggest is the most important factor in maintaining friendships? A.The frequency of online communication B.The selection of appropriate digital platforms C.The investment of time,emotional energy,and genuine care D.The balance between online and offline interactions ()5.What is the author's overall attitude toward the role of technology in fiendships? A.Strongly critical and concerned B.Completely positive and optimistic C.Balanced and nuanced D.Indifferent and unconcerned Passage 2 The story of friendship between humans and dogs extends back at least 15,000 years,making it one of the oldest and most enduring cross-species relationships in human history.Archaeological evidence suggests that the domestication of wolves began when ancient humans discovered that these wild canids could serve as early waming systems against predators and as companions during hunting expeditions. This mutually beneficial arrangement gradually evolved into a profound emotional bond that continues to shape our understanding of loyalty,companionship,and unconditional love. Recent studies in evolutionary biology and neuroscience have provided remarkable insights into the biological basis of this unique relationship.Researchers at Emory University discovered that when dogs and their human companions gaze into each other's eyes,both experience increased levels of oxytocin- often called the "love hormone"or"bonding hormone."This neurochemical response,previously observed primarily between mothers and infants,suggests that the human-dog bond operates on a deeply biological level,reinforcing emotional attachment through shared neural mechanisms. The therapeutic benefits of this relationship have been increasingly recognized by the medical community Animal-assisted therapy programs have demonstrated significant positive effects on patients suffering from a wide range of conditions,including post-traumatic stress disorder,depression,anxiety disorders, and autism spectrum conditions.A comprehensive meta-analysis published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research found that interaction with dogs reduced cortisol levels (a stress hormone)by an average of 24%while simultaneously increasing serotonin and dopamine production-neurotransmitters associated with happiness and well-being. Beyond individual health benefits,dogs have played crucial roles in human social development Anthropologists have proposed that the domestication of dogs may have contributed to the development of complex human societies by facilitating cooperative hunting,providing protection for settlements,and serving as social catalysts that encouraged human-to-human interaction.In contemporary urban environments,dog ownership continues to serve this social function,with studies showing that dog owners are 3.4 times more likely to initiate conversations with strangers in public spaces compared to non-dog owners. However,the relationship between humans and dogs is not without its complexities.Ethical concemns about breeding practices,pet ownership responsibilities,and the treatment of working dogs have prompted calls for more rigorous standards of animal welfare.The growing awareness of canine cognition and emotional capacity has led to legal reforms in several countries,recognizing dogs as sentient beings with specific rights rather than mere property. The future of human-dog friendship will likely be shaped by ongoing scientific discoveries and evolving ethical standards.As our understanding of canine intelligence deepens,we may need to reconsider the terms of this ancient partnership.What remains certain is that the bond between humans and dogs has proven remarkably resilient,adapting to changing social structures,technological advances,and cultural shifts across millennia.It stands as a testament to the power of cross-species fiiendship to enrich our lives, challenge our assumptions,and remind us of the fundamental value of companionship. ()1.What physiological response occurs when dogs and humans gaze into each other's eyes? A.Increased production of stress hormones B.Decreased heart rate and blood pressure C.Elevated levels of the bonding hormone oxytocin D.Reduced activity in the brain's emotional centers ()2.According to the passage,what effect do interactions with dogs have on human stress levels? A.They increase cortisol production by 24% B.They reduce cortisol levels by approximately one-quarter C.They have no measurable effect on stress hormones D.They decrease serotonin and dopamine production ()3.How does dog ownership contribute to social interaction in urban environments? A.By encouraging people to spend more time outdoors B.By making owners appear more approachable and friendly C.By significantly increasing the likelihood of initiating conversations with strangers D.By providing topics for conversation among neighbors ()4.What ethical concemn regarding human-dog relationships is mentioned in the passage? A.The cost of maintaining pet health insurance B.The environmental impact of dog food production C.Concerns about breeding practices and animal welfare D.The challenge of training dogs for specialized tasks ()5.What is the primary pupose of the passage? A.To argue for stricter animal welfare laws B.To explore the scientific,social,and ethical dimensions ofhuman-dog friendship C.To promote the adoption of rescue dogs D.To compare different species of companion animals 二、完形填空 Friendship is one of life's most precious gifts,yet it is often taken for granted until we find ourselves in need of its comforting embrace.I learned this lesson the hard way during my first year ofuniversity,when I moved to a city where I knew absolutely no one.The experience was both liberating and terifying,a strange (1) of excitement and loneliness. During those first few weeks,I found myself(2) for the familiar voices and faces I had left behind.I would spend hours scrolling through old photographs,(3) the laughter and shared secrets that had defined my high school fiiendships.The irony was painful:I was surrounded by thousands of students,yet I felt more alone than ever before. Then one day,everything changed.I was sitting alone in the campus library,struggling with a particularly difficult assignment,when a girl named Sarah approached my table."That problem took me three hours last night,"she said,pointing at my textbook."Want me to show you a(4) way?"Her smile was warm and genuine,and in that moment,I felt something I hadn't experienced in weeks-a spark of connection. Our fiiendship developed(5) over the following months.We discovered that we shared a passion for classic literature,a love for terrible puns,and an uncanny ability to finish each other's sentences.What started as a simple offer of academic help(6)into something far more meaningful.Sarah became my anchor,the person I could turn to when homesickness(7) its ugly head or when I simply needed someone to share a pizza with. Looking back,I realize that the most valuable friendships are often the ones we least(8) They creep up on us quietly,growing stronger with each shared experience,each vulnerable moment,each act of kindness.True friendship doesn't announce itself with grand gestures,it(9) itself in the small,consistent acts of presence and care. I've also learned that maintaining friendships requires intentional effort.In our busy lives,it's easy to let (10) slip by without reaching out,to assume that our friends know we care without us having to say it.But fiiendship,like any living thing,needs regular(11) to thrive.A simple message,a phone call,or a planned get-together can make all the difference. Perhaps most importantly,I've discovered that fiiendship is a two-way street.It's not just about having someone to lean on;it's also about being someone others can(12) on.Being a good friend means showing up,listening without judgment,and offering support without expecting anything in return.It means celebrating others'successes as (13) as our own and standing by them during their darkest moments. Now,years later,Sarah and I live in different cities,yet our fiiendship remains as strong as ever.We've learned to (14) the distance,finding creative ways to stay connected through regular video calls,shared online activities,and occasional visits.The physical separation has taught us that true friendship(15) time,space,and circumstance. In a world that often feels increasingly disconnected,I've come to treasure the fiends who have enriched my life.They remind me that no matter how far we travel or how much time passes,the bonds of genuine friendship remain unbroken 1.A.combination B.separation C.competition D.conversation 2.A.searching B.longing C.paying D.preparing 3.A.forgetting B.ignoring C.recalling D.recording 4.A.longer B.harder C.faster D.stranger 5.A.suddenly B.gradually C.immediately D.occasionally 6.A.fell B.broke C.grew D.looked 7.A.raised B.hid C.showed D.covered 8.A.expect B.deserve C.reject D.appreciate 9.A.proves B.teaches C.helps D.introduces 10.A.opportunities B.challenges C.difficulties D.dangers 11.A.rest B.nourishment C.protection D.attention 12.A.depend B.insist C.comment D.reflect 13.A.much B.well C.long D.far 14.A.create B.ignore C.embrace D.fear 15.A.wastes B.measures C.limits D.transcends 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the following passage and answer the questions in complete sentences The concept of friendship"has been examined by philosophers,psychologists,and sociologists for centuries,yet it remains one of the most complex and nuanced aspects of human experience.Aristotle,in his Nicomachean Ethics,distinguished between three types of friendship:those based on utility,those based on pleasure,and those based on virtue.While fiendships of utility and pleasure are common and often temporary,friendships of virtue-relationships built on mutual admiration of character and shared values-are rare and enduring. Modem psychological research has largely supported Aristotle's framework while adding new dimensions to our understanding.Psychologists have identified several key factors that contribute to the formation and maintenance of strong friendships.Proximity,or physical closeness,remains one of the strongest predictors of fiiendship formation,although technology has modified its importance.Repeated,unplanned interactions create opportunities for bonding,while self-disclosure-the gradual sharing of personal information-builds trust and intimacy. Interestingly,research has shown that the number of close friendships a person can maintain is limited by cognitive constraints.British anthropologist Robin Dunbar famously proposed that the human brain can maintain approximately 150 stable social relationships,with only about 5 of these being truly close friendships.This"Dunbar's Number"has been supported by studies of social media networks,where even users with thousands of followers typically engage meaningfully with only a small core group. The benefits of strong fiiendships extend far beyond emotional satisfaction.Longitudinal studies have demonstrated that individuals with robust social networks have lower rates of cardiovascular disease, stronger immune function,and longer life expectancy.One landmark study at Harvard University,which tracked participants for over 80 years,concluded that the quality of one's relationships was the single strongest predictor of happiness and health in later life-more significant than wealth,social class,or IQ However,not all friendships are beneficial.Toxic relationships,characterized by competition,criticism,or emotional manipulation,can have detrimental effects on mental and physical health.Learning to recognize and distance oneself from such relationships is an essential skill for emotional wellbeing.This does not mean abandoning friends during difficult times,but rather establishing boundaries when pattemns of behavior become consistently harmful. As our society becomes increasingly mobile and digitally connected,the nature of friendship continues to evolve.Virtual fiiendships,once viewed with skepticism,are now recognized as legitimate forms of social connection when they involve genuine emotional investment and mutual support.What matters most,research suggests,is not how we connect but the quality of those connections. 1.According to Aristotle,what distinguishes fiiendships of vitue from other types of fiiendship? 2.What does"Dunbar's Number"refer to,and how has it been supported by social media research? 3.What did the Harvard University longitudinal study conclude about the relationship between fiiendships and life outcomes? 4.What advice does the passage give regarding toxic friendships? 5.How has the perception of virtual friendships changed according to the passage? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Making friends in a new environment can be challenging,but it is a skill that can be learned and developed.The key is to approach the process with patience and an open mind,rather than expecting instant connections. One of the most effective strategies for building friendships is to put yourself in situations where you can meet people with similar interests.Joining clubs,volunteering,or participating in group activities creates natural opportunities for interaction.When you share an activity with someone,the focus shifts from making conversation to doing something together,which can reduce the social anxiety that often accompanies meeting new people. It is also important to be a good listener.Many people make the mistake of tying too hard to be interesting,when in fact,what most people truly appreciate is someone who is genuinely interested in them.Asking thoughtful questions and remembering details about others'lives demonstrates that you value the connection.This quality-the ability to make others feel heard and understoodis often more (1) than wit or intelligence. Another crucial aspect of fiiendship building is consistency.Friendships do not develop overnight,they require regular contact and shared experiences.Studies have shown that it takes approximately 50 hours of interaction to move from acquaintance to casual friend,and over 200 hours to develop a close friendship.This finding should be(2) rather than discouraging,as it reminds us that friendship is a gradual process that rewards persistence. Trust is the foundation upon which all meaningful friendships are built.Trust develops through small, consistent acts of(3) -showing up when you say you will,keeping confidences,and being honest even when the truth is difficult.Once broken,trust can be extremely difficult to rebuild,which is why it is essential to handle firiendships with care and(4) In today's digital age,we have more opportunities to connect than ever before,yet many people report feeling lonelier than previous generations.The paradox suggests that the quantity of connections matters far less than their quality.Having hundreds of social media(5)is no substitute for having one or two genuine friends who know your deepest fears and greatest dreams. The willingness to be vulnerable is another essential ingredient in fiiendship formation.Sharing your true thoughts and feelingsincluding your fears,insecurities,and failures-creates space for others to do the same.This mutual vulnerability deepens emotional(6)and strengthens the bond between people.It is important to note,however,that vulnerability should be shared gradually and with appropriate (7) Oversharing too quickly can make others uncomfortable,while never opening up prevents genuine connection. Finally,it is worth remembering that not every friendship is meant to last forever.People grow and change,and sometimes fiiendships naturally fade as circumstances shift.This is a normal part of life,not a (8) on anyone's part.The important thing is to appreciate the fiiendships we have while they last and to remain open to new connections as they arise. True fiiendship is not about finding people who are perfect,but about finding people who are willing to walk alongside you through the imperfect journey of life.It requires effort,patience,and a generous spirit. Those who invest in fiiendship (9) that the retumns are immeasurable-a sense of belonging,a support system during difficult times,and a source ofjoy that(10) every aspect of existence. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友To最近很困惑，他发现来到新学校后很难交到真正的朋友，感 到孤独和沮丧。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1.表达理解并表示安慰 2.分析交不到真正朋友的可能原因 3.提出至少三条具体建议 4.表达鼓励和祝愿 注意： 1.词数100-120左右（不含开头和结尾) 2.可以适当增加细节，使内容连贯 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear that you're having difficulty making true friends at your new school.Please know that what you're experiencing is completely normal,and many people go through similar periods of loneliness when adjusting to a new environment. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 参考答案 Passage 1:1.B2.A3.C4.C5.C 一、阅读理解 Passage 2:1.C2.B 3.C4.C5.B 二、完形填空1.A2.B3.C4.C5.B6.C7.A8.A9.A10.A11.B12.A13.A14.C15.D 三、阅读短文1.Aristotle distinguished fiiendships of virtue as those built on mutual admiration of 回答问题 character and shared values,which are rare and enduring,unlike fiiendships of utility or pleasure. 2.Dunbar's Number refers to the theory that the human brain can maintain approximately 150 stable social relationships,with only about 5 being truly close friendships.Social media research supports this,showing users engage meaningfully with only a small core group 3.The Harvard study concluded that the quality of one's relationships was the single strongest predictor of happiness and health in later lifemore significant than wealth, social class,or IQ 4.The passage advises leamning to recognize and distance oneself from toxic fiiendships,establishing boundaries when patterns of behavior become consistently harmful. 5.Virtual friendships,once viewed with skepticism,are now recognized as legitimate forms of social connection when they involve genuine emotional investment and mutual support. 1.attractive 2.encouraging 3.reliability 4.respect 5.followers 6.intimacy 7.judgment 四、短文填空 8.failure 9.find 10.enriches 五、写作 范文： Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear that you're having difficulty making true friends at your new school.Please know that what you're experiencing is completely normal,and many people go through similar periods ofloneliness when adjusting to a new environment. There could be several reasons for your situation.Perhaps you're expecting deep friendships to form too quickly,or you might be holding back from being your true self due to shyness.Also,in a new environment,people often stay within their existing social circles,making it hard for newcomers to break 0 Here are some suggestions that might help.First,join clubs or activities that match your interestsshared passions create natural opportunities for connection.Second,try to be a good listener.People appreciate those who show genuine interest in them.Third,be patient and consistent.True fiiendship takes time to develop,so don't be discouraged by initial setbacks. Remember that being yourself is the most important thing.The right fiiends will appreciate you for who you truly are.I'm confident that with time and effort,you'll find wonderful people who value your fiiendship. Best wishes, Li Hua