Unit 2 Morals and Virtues（二）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修三（人教版）

Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 教材全解（二） virtue moral dilemma moral dilemma sacrifice 。单元核心词汇 reward punish punishment lie honest dishonest brave coward cowardly kind cruel cruelty 。单元同步语法 动词-ig形式作状语（伴随、原因、结果状语） ⑦单元文章对话 寓言故事阅读 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.moral/'mrel/adj.道德的；道义上的；n.道德；品行；寓意 词形变化：morality(n.）道德；伦理；immoral(adj.）不道德的 搭配：moral dilemma道德困境；moral values道德价值观；draw a moral from… 从…中吸取教训 辨析：noral强调“道德上的”；ethical更侧重“伦理的、职业道德的” The story has a clear moral:honesty is the best policy. We should make a moral judgment based on justice. 2.dilemma/d'leme/n.进退两难的境地；困境 词形变化：dilemmatic(adj.)两难的（较少用） 搭配：in a dilemma处于两难境地；face a dilemma面临困境；a moral dilemma道 德困境 She was caught in a dilemma between helping a friend and following the rules. The doctor faced a medical dilemma:save the mother or the baby? 3.sacrifice/'saekrfars/n.牺牲；祭品；vt.&vi.牺牲；献祭；奉献 词形变化：sacrificial(adj.）牺牲的；献祭的 搭配：sacrifice sth..for sb./sth.为某人/某物牺牲某物；make sacrifices做出牺牲； at the sacrifice of以…为代价 Many parents sacrifice their own dreams for their children's future. He made great sacrifices to become a professional athlete 4.reward/r'wo:d/n.奖励；回报；报酬；vt.奖励；回报；酬谢 词形变化：rewarding(adj.）有回报的；值得的 搭配：in reward for作为对…的回报；reward sb.with sth.用某物奖励某人；a reward for hard work对努力的回报 辨析：reward指因付出而获得的奖励或回报；award常指竞赛或评比的奖项；pize 指奖品或奖金 例句：The company offered a$l,000 reward for information. Hard work is always rewarded in the end. 5.punish/'panIf/vt..惩罚；处罚 词形变化：punishment(n.)惩罚；punishable(adj.)可处罚的 搭配：punish sb.for(doing)sth.因某事惩罚某人；be punished by law受到法律惩 罚；capital punishment死刑 例句：The teacher punished the student for cheating on the exam, Those who break the law will be punished. 6.honest/'DnIst//adj.诚实的；正直的；坦率的 词形变化：honesty(n.)诚实；dishonest(adj.)不诚实的；dishonesty(n.)不诚实 搭配：to be honest说实话；be honest with sb.对某人诚实；an honest man诚实的 人 例句：To be honest,Idon't think it's a good idea.. She has always been honest with her parents. 7.brave/brerv/adj.勇敢的；无畏的；vt.勇敢面对；冒（风险) 词形变化：bravery(.)勇敢；bravely(adv.)勇敢地 搭配：brave the danger勇敢面对危险；brave the storm顶风冒雨；brave enough to do sth.足够勇敢做某事 辨析：brave强调面对危险时无所畏惧；courageous更侧重内心的勇气和意志 例句：Firefighters braved the fire to save people. It was brave of him to speak out the truth. 8.coward/kaad/n.懦夫；胆小鬼；adj.胆小的 词形变化：cowardly(adj.&adv.)胆小的（地）；cowardice(m.)胆小；怯懦 搭配：a cowardly act懦弱的行为；call sb.a coward叫某人懦夫；cowardly to do sth.做某事太怯懦 例句：Only a coward would run away from responsibility, It was cowardly of him to blame others for his own mistake. 9.cuel/ku:al/adi.残忍的；残酷的；冷酷的 词形变化：cruelly(adv.)残忍地；cruelty(.)残忍；暴行 搭配：be cruel to sb..对某人残忍；cruel treatment残酷对待；an act of cruelty残 忍行为 例句：It is cruel to keep animals in tiny cages. The cruelty of war shocked everyone. 10.generous/'d3 enoras/.adj.慷慨的；大方的；宽厚的 词形变化：generously(adv.)慷慨地；generosity(n.)慷慨；大方 搭配：be generous with sth.在某事上大方；be generous to sb.对某人慷慨；a generous donation慷慨捐赠 辨析：generous强调大方；ind强调善良友好；mean是反义词，吝啬的 例句：The millionaire was generous to the poor. She is always generous with her time and money. ll.devoted/d'vatd/adi.挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的 词形变化：devote(v.)奉献；致力；devotion(n.)奉献；忠诚 搭配：be devoted to(doing)sth.致力于；献身于；a devoted fan忠诚的粉丝 例句：The scientist devoted his whole life to medical research. She is a devoted mother and a strict teacher. 12.loyal/'loIl/adj.忠诚的；忠心的 词形变化：loyally(adv.)忠诚地；loyalty(.)忠诚；忠心 搭配：be loyal to sb./sth.对某人/某物忠诚；remain loyal保持忠诚；loyalty to one's country对国家的忠诚 例句：A dog is always loyal to its owner.. Loyalty is an important quality in a friend. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The young man faced a (moral)dilemma when he found a wallet on the street. 2.It's not easy to choose between family and career;sometimes you are caught in a (dilemma). 3.Many parents (sacrifice)their own time for their children's education. 4.The workers worked extra hours,and the boss promised to (reward)them with bonuses. 5.Anyone who breaks the school rules will be (punish)accordingly. 6. (honest)speaking,I don't think the plan will work. 7.The firefighters (brave)the dangerous fire to rescue the trapped people. 8.It was (coward)of him to leave his friend alone in trouble. 9.The (cruel)of the kidnapper shocked the whole country. 10.The local community was (generosity)enough to provide food and shelter for the homeless. 11.He is a (devote)fan of the band and has collected all their albums. 12.Soldiers must be (loyal)to their country and protect it at all costs. 13.The teacher punished the boy lying to his parents. 14.In many cultures,honesty is regarded as one of the greatest (moral). 15.She made a (sacrifice)career to take care of her sick mother. In our life,we often face difficult choices.Sometimes we are in a 1. about whether to tell the truth or protect someone's feelings.This is a 2. dilemma. To be 3. it is never easy.Many people choose to 4. the truth even if it brings trouble,because honesty is a virtue.However,there are also those who are 5 and tell lies to avoid punishment.But remember,although lying may help you escape temporarily,it is never 6. in the long run.7. people face challenges bravely and take responsibility for their actions.On the contrary,a 8. always runs away from difficulties.9. is another key quality-to be10. to your friends and family means you will never betray them even when it requires 11 Such people deserve great 12. and respect. 1.moral;2.dilemma;3.sacrifice;4.reward;5.punished;6.Honestly;7.braved; (一)单句填空 8.cowardly;9.cruelty;10.generous;11.devoted;12.loyal;13.for;14.morals; 15.sacrificial 1.dilemma;2.moral;3.honest;4.brave;5.dishonest;6.rewarded;7.Brave; (二)短文填空 8.coward;9.Loyalty;10.loyal;11.sacrifice;12.reward A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 动词-ing形试作状语 动词-山g形式作状语（伴随、原因、结果状语） 项目 内容 动词-ig形式（现在分词）在句中充当状语，用来修饰主句的谓语动词或 定义 整个句子，表示动作发生的伴随情况、原因解释或结果影响。其逻辑主语 通常与主句主语一致。 表示与主句动作同时发生的另一个动作，说明主句动作发生时的状态、方 式或背景。结构：主语+谓语，doing(主动、同时发生) 伴随状语 例：The teacher walked into the classroom,carrying a pile of books.老师 走进教室，抱着一摞书。（伴随动作：carrying/主动作：walked) 表示主句动作发生的原因或理由，常位于句首。结构：Bing+形容词/ 名词/过去分词或doing(主动、先于或同时于主句) 原因状语 Being a fan of traditional Chinese culture,he decided to visit the museum.Not knowing his address,I couldn't send him the invitation. 表示主句动作产生的自然结果，通常位于句末，且常与“oly/thus/ thereby等连用，暗示意料之中或引发的结果。结构：主语+谓语， 结果状语 doing(结果，且主动) The heavy rain continued all day,causing severe floods in the city.He set off late,thus missing the first train. 关键注意点 逻辑主语一致：动词-ig形式的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语。 时态与语态：一般式doing,完成式having done,被动式being done/ having been done。 否定形式：否定词not放在v-ing之前，如Not having prepared well, he felt nervous. 伴随：They sat around the fire,singing and dancing.原因：Being highly 经典高考例句motivated,,the volunteers worked all night.结果：The bus broke down halfway,forcing us to walk to school. 考点通关 动词-ing形式作状语 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.The old man stood at the gate, his grandson to come back. A.waited for B.waiting for C.to wait for D.having waited for 2. from the top of the mountain,the city looks magnificent. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 3. the project on time,the team worked extra hours every day. A.Not finishing B.Not having C.Having not D.Being not finished finished finished 4.The storm lasted for hours, great damage to the crops. A.causing B.to cause C.caused D.having caused 5. his homework,he went out to play football. A.Finishing B.Having finished C.Being finished D.To finish 6.They talked happily, the beautiful scenery along the way. A.enjoyed B.enjoying C.to enjoy D.having enjoyed 7. in a poor family,he learned to be independent very early. A.Brought up B.Bringing up C.To bring up D.Having brought p 8.The traffic jam was so serious, us to miss the plane. A.caused B.causing C.having caused D.to cause 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. some books. 2. along the street,I saw a little girl crying. 3. 4 a kind person,I stopped to help her. 5. me worried. 6. what to do,I called the police. 7. her to the station. 8. the good news,I felt relieved. 9. all this,I finally went to the library, 10. happy that I helped someone. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.A;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.A;8.B 1.to borrow;2.Walking;3.to be lost;4.Being;5.making; 语法专练二：语法填空 6.Not knowing;7.taking;8.Hearing;9.Having finished; 10.feeling A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 THE STONE IN THE ROAD 1.He crashed into the stone,spilling the milk everywhere. 结构：主句+Ving(表示与主句谓语同时发生的动作) 中文：他撞到了石头，把牛奶洒得到处都是。 用法：现在分词(V-ing)作伴随状语，说明主句动作发生时伴随的情况。 2.The king saw a young girl coming along. 结构：感官动词(see/watch/hear/find等)+宾语+doing(表示动作正在进行) 中文：国王看见一个年轻女孩正沿着街道走来。 用法：感官动词后接宾语+V-ing,强调动作正在发生。 3.the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people. 结构：先行词（人）+wo/that+从句（谓语动词与先行词一致） 中文：…唯一一个学到我想教给我人民的教训的人。 用法：who指代人，在从句中作主语，不可省略。 4.She finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street. 结构：succeed in+名词/-ing 中文：她成功地把石头移到了路边。 用法：in是介词，后接动名词或名词。 5.to keep their neighbours from harm? 结构：keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth, 中文：保护他们的邻居免受伤害？ 用法：from不可省略，含义：阻止某人做某事。 6.The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone 结构：as意为“当…时；一边…一边” 中文：国王看着许多人抱怨这块石头，看了一整天。 用法：as强调两个动作同时进行。 7.What fool put this stone here? 结构：What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！/？ 中文：多么愚蠢的人把石头放在这里！ 用法：what感叹名词，how感叹形容词/副词。 8.If not,we surely must find the owner. 结构：If+从句（现在时），主句（情态动词/将来时/祈使句） 中文：如果不，我们肯定必须找到主人。 用法：if not是省略形式，完整为If it is not yours. 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The woman tripped over the stone, (cry)in tears. 2.The king (disguise)himself and went to the village. 3.She had been (work)all day and was very tired. 4.Please keep the children from (play)near the road. 5.The girl succeeded in (push)the stone away. 6.The king hid (he)behind a huge maple tree. 7. (not move)the stone caused many accidents. 8.Is there anyone who feels (responsibility)for others? 9.The gold (belong)to the king. 10.I'll move it out of the way so that nobody (get)hurt. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.他把牛奶洒得到处都是。 2.国王看见一个年轻女孩正沿着街道走来。 3.她成功地把石头移到了路边。 4.石头阻止了人们安全通过。 5.多么愚蠢的人把石头放在这里！ 6.国王看着许多人抱怨这块石头。 7.如果你不找到主人，我们就必须找到他。 8.她和她朋友都没想过搬走石头。 9.她是唯一学到这个教训的人。 10.他站起身来，愤怒地走开了。 1.crying;2.disguised;3.working;4.playing;5.pushing; 练习一：完成句子 6.himself;7.Not moving;8.responsible;9.belongs;10.gets 1.He spilled the milk everywhere.;2.The king saw a young girl coming along the street.;3.She succeeded in moving the stone to the side of the road.;4.The stone kept people from passing safely.;5.What fool put the stone here!;6.The king watched as 练习二：翻译句子 many people complained about the stone.;7.If you don't find the owner,we must find him.;8.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone.;9.She was the only person who learnt the lesson.10.He picked himself up and walked away angrily. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage A In the annals of modern psychology,few experiments are as chillingly instructive as the one conducted by Stanley Milgram in the early 1960s.Milgram,a Yale University psychologist,was profoundly disturbed by the Holocaust.He sought to answer a haunting question:Could the atrocities committed by ordinary citizens in Nazi Germany be attributed to a simple,albeit tenifying,human tendency to obey authority, even when that obedience conflicts with their own moral conscience? To test this,Milgram devised a now-infamous experiment.Participants were recruited through a newspaper ad and mail solicitation,ostensibly for a study on "memory and leaming."Upon arival,they were introduced to a mild-mannered,middle-aged man (actually an actor)who they believed was another participant,the "learner."A stern,authoritative experimenter in a white lab coat explained the procedure: the participant,designated as the "teacher,"would read pairs of words to the learner.The leamner's task was to remember the word pairs.If the leamner made a mistake,the teacher was instructed to administer an electric shock,with the voltage increasing by 15 volts for each subsequent error. Of course,the shocks were not real.The leamer,an actor,was in a separate room and his reactions were pre-recorded.As the experiment progressed,the leamer's protests grew increasingly desperate.At 75 volts,he grunted;at 120 volts,he complained of pain;at 150 volts,he demanded to be released,shouting, "Get me out ofhere!I refuse to go on!"At 270 volts,his protests became agonized screams.At 300 volts, he fell silent,refusing to answer any more questions.If the teacher hesitated or expressed a desire to stop, the experimenter would use a series of prods,starting with,"Please continue,"and escalating to the firm command,"You have no other choice;you must go on." The results were staggering and deeply unsettling.Before the experiment,Milgram had polled a group of psychiatrists,who predicted that only about 1%of participants would be cruel and obedient enough to administer the highest voltage (a lethal 450 volts).In reality,a staggering 65%of participants continued to the very end,delivering shocks all the way to the maximum voltage.These were not sadists,they were ordinary people from all walks of lifeteachers,engineers,postal workers.Many showed signs of extreme distress,sweating,trembling,and even having nervous fits,yet they continued. The experiment has been replicated and debated for decades.Critics point to ethical concerns about the psychological trauma inflicted on participants.However,the core finding remains robust:the power of authority is immense.Milgram's work did not simply show that people are cruel.It revealed a profound moral dilemma at the heart of human nature.The participants were torn between two conflicting moral demands:the demand to be a kind,decent human being and not cause suffering,and the demand to be a cooperative,obedient subject to a legitimate authority figure.In this conflict,for a majority,obedience won out. Milgram's experiment offers a terrifyingly clear moral lesson:our moral convictions can be surprisingly fragile when placed under the pressure of authority.It is not just the existence of evil individuals that leads to atrocities,but the willingness of ordinary people to surrender their moral judgment to a higher power. The real danger lies in the silent,obedient majority who fail to question orders,who prionitize"just doing their job"over their innate sense ofright and wrong.The lesson for us today,in a world full of complex moral and ethical dilemmas,is the vital importance of personal moral courage-the courage to say "no," to question authority,and to listen to one's own conscience,even when it is difficult. ()1.What was the primary purpose of Milgram's experiment? A.To prove that people are naturally cruel. B.To understand why ordinary people followed immoral orders during the Holocaust. C.To measure the impact of electric shocks on memory and leamning. D.To develop a method for identifying potential authoritarian personalities ()2.What does the word "staggering"in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A.Shocking and surprising. B.Slow and unsteady. C.Logical and predictable. D.Insignificant and minor. ()3.Which of the following best describes the moral dilemma faced by the teacher"participants? A.A conflict between helping the experimenter and protecting the leamner. B.A conflict between obeying authority and following their own moral conscience C.A conflict between eamning money and avoiding psychological pain. D.A conflict between believing the experiment was real and knowing it was fake. ()4.What is the main 'moral lesson'"the author draws from the Milgram experiment? A.The importance of strict obedience in a well-ordered society. B.The danger of blindly following authority without moral questioning C.The need for stricter ethical guidelines in scientific research. D.The fact that most people are inherently evil and cannot be trusted. ()5.What is the author's attitude towards the"obedient majority"in the final paragraph? A.Sympathetic. B.Approving. C.Critical. D.Indifferent. Passage B The concept of virtue ethics,originating with the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle,offers a compelling framework for understanding morality,one that differs significantly from rule-based systems like deontology or outcome-based systems like utilitarianism.Instead of asking"What is the right thing to do?"or "What will produce the best outcome?",virtue ethics asks a more foundational question:"What kind of person should I be?"It focuses on the character of the moral agent rather than the specifics of an action or its consequences. At its core,virtue ethics is built upon the idea of cultivating arete,or excellence.A virtuous person is one who embodies a set of desirable character traits,or virtues,such as courage,honesty,justice,prudence (practical wisdom),and compassion.These are not innate qualities we are bomn with;rather,they are habits that must be developed through practice and deliberate choice over a lifetime.Aristotle famously compared learning to be virtuous to leamning a craft like carpentry.You don't become a good carpenter by reading a manual;you become one by hammering nails and sawing wood,under the guidance of a master,until the skills become second nature.Similarly,you become just by performing just acts, courageous by performing courageous acts,and honest by telling the truth. A key concept in virtue ethics is the Doctrine of the Mean.For Aristotle,every virtue is a desirable midpoint between two corresponding vices:one of excess and one of deficiency.For example,the virtue of courage lies at the mean between the vice of cowardice(deficiency of confidence)and the vice of recklessness (excess of confidence).Similarly,the virtue of generosity lies between stinginess and profligacy.Finding this mean is not a simple mathematical average,it requires phronesis,or practical wisdom.This is the intellectual virtue that allows a person to discern the right course of action in any given situation,taking into account the specific circumstances,the people involved,and the context. This focus on context is a major strength of virtue ethics.Rule-based systems can often feel rigid and inflexible.A strict rule like"never lie"can lead to absurd or harmful situations,like lying to a murderer who asks for the location of his intended victim.Virtue ethics,however,acknowledges that the application of a virtue like honesty requires judgment.In the case of the murderer,a virtuous person, guided by practical wisdom and the virtue of compassion,would recognize that this is a situation where honesty is not the mean,but a vice that would lead to moral harm.The truly virtuous person would lie to protect an innocent life. However,virtue ethics is not without its criticisms.One of the most common is that it can be unclear how to act when vitues conflict.What should a person do when the virtue ofhonesty conflicts with the virtue of loyalty?For example,if your best friend asks for your honest opinion on a poor life choice he is about to make,do you prionitize honesty and risk hurting his feelings,or prioritize loyalty and support him? Virtue ethics may not offer a simple,universal algorithm for solving such conflicts.It simply says that a person with practical wisdom will find the right path,but this can feel unsatisfyingly vague for those seeking clear-cut answers. Despite these criticisms,vitue ethics remains a deeply influential and powerful moral theory.Its focus on personal character and the long-term project of self-cultivation offers a more holistic and humanistic vision of morality than many of its rivals.In a world often obsessed with calculating consequences or following rigid rules,virtue ethics reminds us that the most important moral question is not just about what we do,but about who we are. ()1.According to the passage,what is the primary question that virtue ethics seeks to answer? A.What are the consequences ofmy actions? B.What universal rules should I follow? C.What kind of person should I become? D.What will make the most people happy? ()2.How does Aristotle's "Doctrine of the Mean"define a virtue? A.As the most common or popular character trait. B.As the average of all possible actions. C.As a midpoint between two extremes of vice. D.As an extreme form of a positive quality. ()3.The author uses the example oflying to a murderer to illustrate what point? A.The inflexibility ofrule-based ethics B.The importance of always telling the truth. C.The need for practical wisdom in applying virtues. D.The conflict between courage and honesty ()4.What is a primary criticism of virtue ethics mentioned in the passage? A.It is too focused on the outcome of actions. B.It doesn't provide clear guidance when virtues conflict. C.It is too simple and fails to account for complex situations. D.It suggests that character is more important than rules. 二、完形填空 The local food bank had been a lifeline for families in our small town for as long as I could remember. Every Saturday,a line of people would form before it even opened,their faces a mixture of hope and quiet desperation.I started volunteering there my junior year,partly for the service hours,but also because my mother had always taught me the virtue of compassion."Helping others is not just a duty,it's a privilege,"she would say.I didn't fully understand her words until I met Mrs.Gable Mrs.Gable was a regular.She was in her late seventies,frail,and always wore a wom but clean coat.She would collect her standard package of canned goods,bread,and a small carton ofmilk,always with a gentle "Thank you."One Saturday,as I was helping her cany her bag to the bus stop,she(1 "Could I possibly get two more cans of soup today,dear?My neighbor,Mr.Henderson,has been very ill, and he's been (2) _tog0out” The rule at the food bank was strict:one package per family,per week.There was no room for exceptions.I was caught in a(3) Following the rule would seem cruel to the sick Mr. Henderson.Breaking it would make me feel like I was (4) the system.I saw the (5) in Mrs.Gable's eyes.She wasn't asking for herself she was demonstrating a kind of (6) that seemed to be in short supply in the world. My mind raced through my options.I thought about sneaking her the extra soup,(7) the risk of getting caught.Suddenly,a thought struck me.I told Mrs.Gable to wait.I walked over to the volunteer coordinator,a kind woman named Sarah,and (8) the situation."She's not asking for herself," I pleaded."She's being (9) to her neighbor."To my surprise,Sarah smiled."The spirit of the law is more important than the letter of the law,"she said."Give her three cans of soup,and add a box of chicken broth." That day,I learned that morality is not just about(10) rules blindly.There is a higher (11 to look out for one another.Mrs.Gable,with her simple act of(12) for a neighbor, had taught me more about virtue than any lecture ever could.The small(13) we made that day was a victory for the kind of community I wanted to be a part of.It wasn't about selfishly (14) it was about generously giving.And at the 15 of true moral character was the simple,powerful choice to be kind. 1.A.complained B.whispered C.shouted D.announced 2.A.unwilling B.eager C.able D.about 3.A.dilemma B.debate C.rush D.trap 4.A.supporting B.improving C.cheating D.protecting 5.A.relief B.concemn C.anger D.joy 6.A.selfishness B.strength C.kindness D.weakness 7.A.aware of B.regardless of C.proud of D.ashamed of 8.A.ignored B.solved C.avoided D.explained 9.A.cruel B.loyal C.grateful D.generous 10.A.creating B.breaking C.following D.changing 11.A.authority B.principle C.cost D.risk 12.A.care B.hatred C.fear D.regret 13.A.sacrifice B.profit C.victory D.mistake 14.A.giving B.taking C.sharing D.saving 15.A.top B.cost C.mercy D.heart 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the following passage and answer the questions in complete sentences. In the competitive world of modern business,integrity is often seen as an optional extra,a "nice-to-have" that can be sacrificed in the pursuit of profit.However,a growing body of evidence suggests that honesty is not just morally correct,it is economically advantageous.Companies that prioritize ethical behavior consistently outperform their less scrupulous competitors in the long run. One of the most tangible benefits of corporate integrity is the establishment of trust.Trust is the currency of all relationships,especially those with customers,employees,and investors.A company known for its honesty builds a loyal customer base that is less price-sensitive and more forgiving of occasional mistakes Customers are willing to pay a premium for products from a brand they trust.Similarly,a reputation for ethical treatment of employees attracts and retains top talent.In a tight labor market,people want to work for an organization they are proud of,one that aligns with their personal values.High employee morale leads to higher productivity and lower tumover costs. Conversely,a single act of dishonesty can destroy decades of goodwill.The costs of a scandal are immense:plummeting stock prices,consumer boycotts,expensive lawsuits,and massive fines from regulators.Consider the case of Enron,an energy company that collapsed in 2001 due to massive accounting fraud.The company's executives prioritized short-term stock prices over long-ter honesty, creating a culture of deception.When the truth came out,the company was ruined,thousands of employees lost their life savings and jobs,and the entire accounting profession was rocked.The long-term cost of that ethical failure was far greater than any short-term profit. Integrity also drives better decision-making and innovation.When a company's culture is built on honesty,problems are surfaced and addressed quickly,rather than being hidden.Employees feel safe to speak up about potential risks,leading to better risk management.Furthermore,a commitment to doing the right thing can open up new markets and opportunities in an increasingly socially-conscious consumer landscape.Companies that embrace environmental sustainability,fair labor practices,and transparent supply chains are often rewarded with a stronger brand reputation and access to a growing demographic of ethical consumers. In conclusion,the choice between short-term profit and long-term integrity is a moral dilemma that every business faces.While the path of dishonesty may seem easier in the short term,it is a road that leads to ruin.The path of integrity,while sometimes more difficult,builds a foundation for sustainable success.It is not simply a moral virtue,it is a sound business strategy 1.According to the passage,what is the primary economic benefit of corporate integrity? 2.What are two ways in which corporate integrity helps attract and retain employees? 3.What does the author use the example of"Enron"to illustrate? 4.According to the passage,how does a culture of integrity lead to better decision-making? 5.What is the author's overall conclusion about the relationship between integrity and business success? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A wise old teacher once placed a large,heavy rock in the middle of a busy path leading to his school.He then hid behind a tree to watch.First,a wealthy merchant came along.He saw the rock and complained loudly about the people who had put it there,but he simply walked around it,(1) the issue for others to deal with.Next came a young soldier.He kicked the rock angrily,blaming the(2 of others,but he too walked away. For hours,the rock remained,causing people to stumble or take detours.Many people criticized the(3) of the community,but no one took action.Finally,a poor farmer boy anived.He saw the rock and said to himself,"This is a danger to everyone.Even if it takes all my strength,I must remove it."He set down his bag and began to push the heavy stone.With great effort and(4 )he finally succeeded (5)moving it to the side of the road. As he picked up his bag to leave,he noticed a small box in the place where the rock had been.He opened it and found it full of gold coins and a note.The note read,"This gold is a (6) for the person who chose to be responsible and remove the stone."The boy felt a surge ofjoy,not just for the gold,but for the lesson he had learned. The teacher stepped out from his hiding place."You see,"he said to his students who had also been watching,"problems are opportunities in disguise.It is easy to complain about a(7) but only a virtuous soul will make a (8)to solve it.The world rewards those who act with (9) and a sense of duty,not those who merely criticize from the sidelines.Be the one who moves the stone,not the one who curses it."The boy,(10) to hard work,was the true hero of the day. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你的外国笔友To来信向你咨询一个道德困境。他说他的好朋友在考试中作 弊，他发现了这件事，但不知道是否应该告诉老师。告诉老师会破坏他们的友谊，不告诉老师 他又觉得心中有愧。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1.理解他的困境，并赞扬他内心有道德感。 2.分析两种选择的利弊。 3.给出你的建议及理由。 注意： 1.词数120-150左右： 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯： 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, I was deeply moved by your letter.It's clear that you are a person with a strong moral conscience,which is something to be proud of.The dilemma you face is indeed a tough one. Best wishes, Li Hua 参考答案 PassageA:1.B 2.A3.B4.B 5.C 一、阅读理解 Passage B:6.C7.C8.C9.B 1.B;2.A;3.A,4.C,5.B,6.C,7.B;8.D;9.B;10.C,11.B;12.A;13.C,14.B,15 二、完形填空 1.The primary economic benefit of corporate integrity is the establishment of trust with customers,employees,and investors,which leads to long-term success. 2.Corporate integrity helps attract and retain employees by creating a reputation for ethical treatment and by aligning with the personal values of workers who want to be proud of their organization. 三、阅读短文3.The author uses the example of Enron to illustrate that the long-term cost of an ethical 回答问题 failure because of dishonesty is far greater than any short-term profit gained. 4.A culture of integrity leads to better decision-making because employees feel safe to speak up about potential risks,which allows problems to be surfaced and addressed quickly. 5.The author concludes that integrity is not just a moral virtue but also a sound business strategy that builds a foundation for sustainable success 1.leaving 2.carelessness 3.morality /morals 4.perseverance 5.in 6.reward 7. 四、短文填空 dilemma 8.sacrifice 9.honesty 10.devoted 五、写作 范文： Dear Tom, I was deeply moved by your letter.It's clear that you are a person with a strong moral conscience,which is something to be proud of The dilemma you face is indeed a tough one. On the one hand,ifyou tell the teacher,you are acting honestly and upholding the rules,which is a responsible and brave choice for the whole class's fairness.However,you risk losing your friend's trust and damaging your fiiendship.On the other hand,if you stay silent to protect your friend,you might feel guilty for concealing an act of dishonesty,which could haunt your conscience. In my opinion,true friendship is built on honesty and mutual growth.A real friend would want to be helped to become a better person.I suggest you talk to your fiend first.Explain why honesty is important and encourage him to admit his mistake himself.If he refuses,then you might consider telling the teacher, as it is for his long-term good and the integrity of your school.It takes courage to do the right thing,and your friend will thank you one day. Best wishes, Li Hua