Unit 4 Space Exploration（一）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修三（人教版）

Unit 4 Space Exploration 教材全解（一） space explore exploration astronaut cosmonaut 。单元核心词汇 spacecraft spaceship satellite orbit launch rocket missile;capsule crew commander command control 。单元同步语法 动词不定式作后置定语 ⑦单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.explore /Ik'splo:r)/vt.&vi.探索；勘探；探究 词形变化：exploration(.）索；explorer(m.)探索者；探险家 词性转换：explore→exploration(名词化) 搭配：explore space探索太空；explore the unknown探索未知领域 例句：Humans have always wanted to explore the universe. Scientists are exploring new ways to travel to Mars. 2.exploration/,eksplo'rerfi/n.探索；勘探；究 词形变化：explore(~.);exploratory(adj.)探索性的 辨析：explore强调动作过程，exploration强调活动或领域 常用短语：space exploration太空探索；deep-sea exploration深海勘探 例句：Space exploration has made great progress in recent decades. The exploration of the moon began in the 1960s. 3.orbit /'o:brt/n.轨道；vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕…运行 词形变化：orbital(adj.）轨道的；轨道的 搭配：put sth.into orbit将…送入轨道；orbit the Earth环绕地球运行 辨析：orbit作名词常与介词in连用(in orbit),作动词直接跟宾语 例句：The satellite is now in orbit around the Earth, The spacecraft will orbit the moon for three days 4.launch 1o:ntvt.发射；发起；创办；n.发射；发行；投放市场 词形变化：launcher(n.）发射器；发射装置 搭配：launch a satellite发射卫星；launch a campaign发起运动；launch a product 推出产品 注意：作名词时常用短语：he launch of…的发射/发布 例句：China launched its first space station module in202l. The successful launch marked a new milestone. 5.control/kan'tral/vt.&n.控制；支配；管理 词形变化：controller(n.)控制器；管理者；controllable(adj.)可控制的 搭配：in control of控制；管理；掌握；out of control失去控制；take control of接 管；控制 辨析：control作动词时，过去式/过去分词为controlled,现在分词controlling 例句：The astronauts are in control of the spacecraft, If the rocket goes out of control,the mission will fail. 6.gravity/gravati/n.重力；引力；严重性 词形变化：gravitational(adj.)重力的：引力的 搭配：zero gravity零重力；the force of gravity重力；the gravity of the situation 局势的严重性 辨析：gravity指自然现象，也可比喻“严重性”；gravitational是形容词，用于修 饰名词 例句：In space,there is no gravity,so everything floats. The gravity of the problem cannot be ignored. 7.gravitational/.gravI'terl/adj.重力的；引力的 词形变化：gravity(n.);gravitation(血.）引力作用 搭配：gr'avitational field引力场；gravitational pull引力；gravitational wave引力 波 注意：名词形式gravity和gravitational在搭配中不可互换（如gravitational force 不能写成gravity force) 例句：The gravitational pull of the moon causes tides. Scientists detected gravitational waves for the first time. 8.weightless/'wertlas/adj.失重的；无重量的 词形变化：weightlessness(n.)失重；weight(m.）重量 搭配：feel weightless感觉失重；weightless environment失重环境 辨析：weightless是形容词，描述状态；weightlessness是名词，指现象 例句：Astronauts feel weightless when they are in orbit. The weightless condition affects the human body. 9.weightlessness/'wertlasnas/n.失重 词形变化：weightless(ad,);weight(n.) 搭配：experience weightlessness经历失重；under weightlessness 在失重状态下 常见用法：weightlessness是不可数名词，常作主语或宾语 例句：Weightlessness can cause muscle loss in astronauts, Experiments are conducted under weightlessness. 10.float/fat/vi.&vt.漂浮；浮动；飘动；n.漂浮物；浮板 词形变化：floating(adj.)漂浮的；f1 otation(n.)漂浮；浮力 搭配：float in the air在空中飘浮；float on water浮在水面上 辨析：float强调因浮力或失重而悬浮；dift强调随波逐流 例句：In the space station,objects float freely. A balloon floated up into the sky. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The Mars rover will (explore)the surface of the red planet for signs of life. 2.Space (explore)has always been a dream of human beings. 3.The satellite was put into (orbit)successfully by the rocket. 4.The spacecraft will (orbit)the Earth every 90 minutes. 5.NASA plans to (launch)a new telescope next year. 6.The mission was control of an experienced ground team. 7.The (gravity)force of the black hole is extremely strong 8.Astronauts train for months to adapt to a (weightless)environment. 9.The phenomenon of (weightless)is both fascinating and challenging 10.In the absence of gravity,you can (float)from one end of the cabin to the other. (二)短文填空 The dream of space 1. has driven scientists for centuries.A spacecraft is 2. into space by a powerful rocket.Once it reaches the desired 3. _it begins to 4. the Earth or other planets.Inside the spacecraft,astronauts 5 because of the lack of 6..This 7.condition can cause health problems.To 8. the effects,astronauts must exercise regularly.The 9. pull of the moon affects the tides on Earth.Future missions will further 10. the unknown universe. 参考答案 1.explore;2.exploration;3.orbit;4.orbit;5.launch;6.in;7.gravitational; (一)单句填空 8.weightless;9.weightlessness;10.float (二)短文填空 1.exploration;2.launched;3.orbit;4.orbit;5.float;6.gravity;7.weightless; 8.control;9.gravitational;10.explore 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 动词不定式作后置定语 动词不定式作后置定语 项目 内容 动词不定式(todo)用作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词或代词之后，说 定义 明该名词的内容、用途、将要发生的动作或与名词之间的逻辑关系。 名词/代词+todo 若不定式动词为不及物动词，且与所修饰名词存在动宾关系，需在不定 式后加上相应介词。 结构 当句子的主语是不定式动作的执行者时，不定式用主动形式；若不定式 动作的逻辑主语是整个句子的主语或泛指，且与所修饰名词存在被动关 系，则用被动形式(to be done)。 1.表示“将要发生的动作” 常修饰“time,chance,.opportunity,plan,way,reason,,attempt"等抽象名词。 例：I have a plan to travel abroad next year. 2.表示“某事物的用途或功能” 常用结构：something/anything/nothing+todo 例：Do you have anything to say? 3.修饰“序数词、最高级、the only/last/next等 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 核心用法 与高频考点 4.动宾关系+不及物动词需补介词 例：I need a pen to write with.(write with a pen). 例：He is a nice person to work with. 5.主动表被动 当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，且不定式与所修饰名词是动宾关系 时，常用主动形式表达被动含义。 I have a lot of homework to do.(homework that I should do) 但若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则需用被动： The meeting to be held tomorrow is important. 不定式：动作尚未发生（将来） 与分词作 现在分词：动作正在进行（主动/进行） 定语的区别 过去分词：动作已完成（被动/完成》 考点通关 动词不定式作后置定语 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.The first thing is to clean the classroom. A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 2.I have nothing about it. A.worry B.to worry C.to be worried D.worrying 3.He is always the last student the school. A.leaving B.to leave C.left D.leaves 4.Do you have any questions A.asking B.to ask C.asked D.ask 5.The report next week is about environmental protection. A.written B.writing C.to be written D.to write 6.I need a chair A.to sit B.to sit on C.sitting D.sitting on 7.She is looking for a partner A.to practice English B.practicing English C.to practice English D.practiced English with 8.The best way English well is to practice every day. A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.to learning 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.I have a lot of homework tonight. 2.The Olympic Games in Paris in 2024 were a great success. 3.He is the right person 4.She gave me a piece of paper on. 5.The only thing we need now is a house 6.Among all the candidates,he is the most qualified one the job. 7.Do you have any suggestions 8.The meeting by all students will begin at 2 p.m 9.This is a difficult problem in such a short time. 10.The book into Chinese is very popular. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.C;6.B;7.C;8.B 1.to do;2.to be held;3.to trust;4.to write;5.to live in; 语法专练二：语法填空 6.to take;7.to give;8.to be attended;9.to solve;10.to be translated 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 Space:The Final Frontier 1.Travelling into space was an impossible dream 结构：Ving形式+谓语动词 中文：进入太空曾经被认为是一个不可能的梦想。 用法：单个动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 2.They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. 结构：主句+todo(表示目的) 中文：他们制造运载工具将勇敢的人送入太空以发现宇宙的秘密。 用法：不定式放在句末，说明前面动作的目的。 3.It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board,providing a continuous human presence in space. 结构：主句，+Ving(现在分词短语) 中文：国际空间站绕地球运行，为太空提供了持续的人类存在。 用法：现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随、结果或原因。 4. Scientists hope that future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began. 结构：主句+that+宾语从句（陈述语序) 中文：科学家希望未来的发现将使我们了解宇宙是如何开始的。 用法：引导词that可以省略，从句必须用陈述语序。 5.Future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began,but also help us survive well into the future. 结构：not only+并列成分，but also+并列成分 中文：未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，还能帮助我们很好地生存下去。 用法：not only)放在句首时，句子需要部分倒装。 6.China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003,when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth 结构：先行词+when+从句(when表示时间) 中文：2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家，这一年杨利伟成 功绕地球飞行。 用法：when引导定语从句，从句中when作时间状语，不可省略。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1 (explore)the unknown requires both courage and wisdom. 2.The Chinese government planned (send)more astronauts to the space station. 3.The astronauts trained hard, (prepare)for the long journey. 4.We all believe (space exploration)will benefit human beings. 5.Not only (be)the moon landing a scientific achievement,but it also inspired millions. 6.2021 was the year China successfully landed a rover on Mars. 7.The space lab Tiangong 2, (orbit)Earth,was launched in2016. 8.He recommended that the project (start)as soon as possible. 9. (look)at the stars,people have always wondered about the universe. 10.The scientists hope (future)discoveries will help us survive. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.进入太空曾经被认为是一个不可能的梦想。 2.他们制造宇宙飞船是为了将勇敢的人送入太空。 3.国际空间站绕地球运行，为太空提供了持续的人类存在。 4.科学家希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，还能帮助我们很好地生存下 去。 5.2003年是中国首次独立将人类送入太空的一年。 6.尽管有巨大的风险，探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。 7.嫦娥四号被送上月球以探索其表面。 8.中国计划在未来建立一个空间站。 9.仰望星空，人们一直想了解更多关于太空的信息。 10.无论遇到什么困难，科学家们都不会放弃探索。 参考答案 1.Exploring;2.to send;3.preparing;4.that space exploration; 练习一：完成句子 5.was;6.when;7.orbiting;8.(should)start;9.Looking; 10.future 1.Travelling into space was once considered an impossible dream.;2.They make spacecraft to send brave people into space.;3.The International Space Station orbits Earth,providing a continuous human presence in space.;4.Scientists hope that future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began,but also help us survive well into the future. 练习二：翻译句子 5.2003 was the year when China first independently sent humans into space.;6.Despite the huge risks,the desire to explore the universe never died.;7.Chang'e-4 was sent to the moon to explore its surface.8.China plans to establish a space station in the future.9.Looking up at the stars,people have always wanted to learn more about space.;10.Whatever difficulties they meet,scientists will never give up exploring. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage 1 The concept of space tourism,once confined to science fiction,is rapidly becoming a reality.In the past few years,private companies such as SpaceX,Blue Origin,and Virgin Galactic have made significant strides in developing reusable rockets and spacecraft capable of carying civilians beyond Earth's atmosphere.While the cost remains prohibitively high-tickets range from $250,000 to tens of millions- the number of wealthy individuals willing to pay for a brief experience of weightlessness is growing However,the environmental impact of frequent rocket launches is a growing concem.A single launch of a large rocket can emit hundreds of tons of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the upper atmosphere Scientists warn that the accumulation of soot and particulate matter could affect cloud formation and even contibute to global warming.For example,a 2022 study published in Earth's Future estimated that the global space industry's carbon footprint could increase by a factor of 10 by 2030 if no regulations are implemented. Proponents argue that space tourism could fund further technological innovations,such as more efficient propulsion systems and cleaner fuels.They also point to the potential for spin-off technologies that could benefit Earth,like water recycling systems and advanced materials.Nevertheless,critics call for sticter environmental standards before the industry expands further.Some propose a"space carbon tax"to offset emissions,while others advocate for bans on suborbital flights that serve no scientific purpose. As the debate continues,one thing is clear:the dream of ordinary people traveling to space is no longer absurd.The question is whether we can manage the costs-both financial and environmental-before it becomes widespread. ()1.What is the main topic of the passage? A.The history ofspace exploration. B.The environmental challenges of space tourism C.The advantages of reusable rockets. D.The future of interplanetary travel. ()2.According to the passage,one negative aspect of space tourism is that A.it is only available to the rich B.it causes pollution in the upper atmosphere C.it has no scientific value D.it makes space exploration less important ()3.What did the 2022 study predict? A.The space industry will become carbon-neutral by 2030 B.The carbon footprint of space industry may increase ten times by 2030 C.Rocket launches will be banned after 2030 D.Private companies will dominate space tourism by 2030. ()4.Which of the following measures do critics suggest? A.Encouraging more suborbital flights B.Reducing the cost of space tickets. C.Imposing a carbon tax on space activities. D.Developing new space stations. ()5.What is the author's attitude toward space tourism? A.Strongly supportive. B.Completely opposed. C.Objective yet cautious. D.Indifferent. Passage 2 When astronauts live aboard the International Space Station (ISS),they face unique physiological challenges that scientists are only beginning to fully understand.Among the most serious is bone density loss.In microgravity,bones that normally bear weight on Earth-such as those in the legs and spine- begin to weaken at a rate of about 1%per month.Without countermeasures,an astronaut on a six-month mission could lose up to 6%of bone mass,increasing the risk of fractures. To combat this,astronauts follow a strict exercise regimen.They spend about two hours each day using specialized equipment like the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED),which uses vacuum cylinders to simulate weightlifting.Treadmills and stationary bicycles with hamess systems also help maintain cardiovascular fitness.However,even with intense exercise,bone loss is not entirely prevented. Researchers have found that the bone mineral density of long-duration astronauts often does not fully recover even after returning to Earth. Another major issue is the effect of cosmic radiation.Unlike on Earth,where the atmosphere and magnetic field provide protection,astronauts in space are exposed to higher levels ofionizing radiation. This can damage DNA,increase the risk of cancer,and affect cognitive function.NASA is studying the use of shielding materials,such as water or polyethylene,and investigating pharmaceutical countermeasures. The psychological toll is also significant.Confinement,isolation,and separation from family can lead to mood swings,depression,and anxiety.Crew members on the ISS undergo regular psychological evaluations and maintain contact with loved ones via video calls.Some future missions,such as a tip to Mars,which could take over a year each way,will require even more robust mental health support. Understanding these risks is not only crucial for the safety of astronauts but also for future plans oflong- term space habitation and colonization.As we venture deeper into space,the human body will remain the most critical-and perhaps the most fragile-component of any mission ()1.What does the passage mainly discuss? A.The equipment used on the ISS. B.The physical and mental health risks faced by astronauts. C.The benefits of space travel for human health. D.The history of the ISS construction. ()2.How much bone mass might an astronaut lose during a half-year mission? A.1% B.3% C.6% D.12% ()3.What measure is mentioned to counter bone loss? A.Taking special medicines. B.Wearing heavy suits C.Doing daily exercise. D.Consuming high-calcium food ()4.Why does the passage mention water or polyethylene? A.To compare different materials for spacecraft construction B.To describe a potential way to protect astronauts from radiation. C.To explain how astronauts get drinking water in space. D.To show the cost of space equipment. ()5.What can be inferred about a potential Mars mission? A.It will be easier than ISS missions B.It will require better mental health support. C.It will cause no bone loss. D.It will last only a few months 二、完形填空 In 1969,Neil Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the moon.That historic moment was the result of years of hard work and (1) by thousands of scientists and engineers.The space race between the United States and the Soviet Union had(2) rapid technological advancements. However,after the Apollo program ended,human space exploration seemed to (3) momentum for decades. In recent years,a new (4) of space exploration has emerged,driven by private companies and interational cooperation.The Intemnational Space Station (ISS)has been continuously(5) for over 20 years,providing a platform for scientific research.Astronauts from different countries work together,(6) experiments that benefit life on Earth. But the next giant leap may be even more(7) NASA's Artemis program aims to retum humans to the moon by 2025,this time with the goal of establishing a(8) presence Meanwhile,SpaceX is developing the Starship,a fully reusable spacecraft designed for long-duration missions to Mars.Elon Musk,the founder of SpaceX,has famously said that he wants to make humanity a"multi-planetary species." Despite the excitement,(9) remain significant.The cost of such missions is enormous,and the health risks for astronauts are still not fully understood.Moreover,ethical questions about colonizing other planets have been raised.Some argue that we should(10)solving problems on Earth first,such as climate change and poverty Nevertheless,the desire to explore is deeply rooted in human nature.(11) the challenges,many believe that the future of space exploration is bright.As the saying goes,"Space is the final frontier."The question is not whether we will continue to explore,but how(12) we will do it responsibly 1.A.competition B.dedication C.luck D.money 2.A.slowed down B.resulted in C.depended on D.given up 3.A.gain B.lose C.maintain D.increase 4.A.era B.problem C.theory D.failure 5.A.occupied B.built C.designed D.launched 6.A.conducting B.avoiding C.discussing D.missing 7.A.dangerous B.ambitious C.boring D.simple 8.A.temporary B.permanent C.hidden D.similar 9.A.benefits B.dreams C.challenges D.opportunities 10.A.focus on B.give up C.put off D.tumn down 11.A.In spite of B.Because of C.As a result of D.In addition to 12.A.quickly B.safely C.cheaply D.loudly 三、阅读短文回答问题 Space exploration has brought about countless technological spin-offs that we now take for granted.One of the most famous examples is GPS (Global Positioning System).Originally developed by the U.S Department of Defense for military navigation,GPS relies on a network of satellites orbiting Earth. Today,it is used in smartphones,cars,and even farming equipment Another innovation is memory foam.This material was invented by NASA in the 1960s to improve seat cushioning and crash protection for astronauts.Now it is widely used in mattresses,pillows,and hospital beds,providing comfort and support. Water purification systems developed for space missions have also had a huge impact on Earth.The need to recycle water on the International Space Station led to advanced filtration technologies that are now used to provide clean drinking water in remote areas and disaster-stricken regions. Even the humble ear thermometer owes its existence to space research.NASA invented infrared thermometers to measure the temperature of stars and planets.Later,this technology was adapted to create the instant-read ear thermometers used in hospitals and homes today These examples show that the benefits of space exploration extend far beyond scientific knowledge.They improve our quality of life and solve real-world problems.As we continue to explore the cosmos,we can expect even more surprising inventions that will shape our future. 1.What is the main idea of the passage? 2.How does GPS originally relate to space exploration? 3.What was memory foam originally developed for? 4.Why are water purification systems mentioned in the passage? 5.What does the author imply about future space exploration? 四、短文填空 Space exploration requires not only advanced technology but also the courage to face the unknown.The first humans who traveled into space were called(1) They risked their lives to push the boundaries ofhuman(②) Today,scientists are still (3) searching for signs of life on other planets.One of the most(4) discoveries was the detection of water on Mars.This finding has(5) increased the possibility that humans may one day live there. However,space missions are not without(6) Astronauts must undergo(7) training to prepare for the(⑧)J demands of spaceflight.They also need to be(9) strong to deal with isolation and stress. Despite these challenges,the (10) ofspace continues. y 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你校英语报正在举行以“Should we spend money on space exploration?”为主题的 征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.表明你的观点（支持或反对）； 2.给出至少两个理由： 3.简要总结。 注意： 1.词数100左右： 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 In my opinion,it is worthwhile to invest in space exploration.First,space research leads to technological advances that benefit our everyday life,such as GPS,satellite communication,and medical devices. These innovations improve the quality of life for millions.Second,space exploration helps us better understand our planet and the universe.For example,studying other planets can provide insights into climate change and the origins of life.Although some argue that the money could be used to solve problems on Earth,I believe that space exploration is not a luxury but an investment in our future.It inspires young people to pursue science and pushes the boundaries of human achievement.Therefore,we should continue to support space exploration wisely. Passage 1:1.B2.B3.B 4.C5.C 、 阅读理解 Passage 2:6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.B 二、完形填空1.B,2.B,3.B,4.A,5.A,6.A,7.B,8.B,9.C,10.A,11.A12.B 1.The main idea is that space exploration has brought many practical inventions that improve our daily lives. 2.GPS was originally developed by the U.S.Department of Defense based on satellite technology from space programs. 三、阅读短文3.Memory foam was originally developed by NASA to improve seat cushioning and 回答问题 crash protection for astronauts. 4.Water purification systems are mentioned to show how space technology has been used to provide clean drinking water on Earth. 5.The author implies that future space exploration will bring even more surprising inventions that will shape our future. 四、短文填空 1.pioneers 2.knowledge 3.actively 4.exciting 5.greatly 6.difficulties 7.intensive 8. physical 9.mentally 10.exploration