Unit 4 Space Exploration一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第三册（人教版）

高中必修三人教 【太空探索专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 太空探索 【Unit4】Space Exploration 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 space/spers/m.太空：空间：间 轨道运行：环绕…运行 out of control失去控制 隔：t.分隔：隔开 launch /l:ntf/v.发射；发起；创gravity/'graevati/n.重力：引力： space exploration太空探索 办：n.发射：发行：投放市场严重性 explore /ik'splb:)/t.&vi.探rocket/'okt/n.火箭；i.迅速gravitational/.gravi'terfanl/adj, 索；勘探：探究 上升；猛增：t.用火箭运送 重力的：引力的 exploration/,ekspla'ren/m.探missile/'misarl/n.导弹：飞弹 weight /weit/n.重量；体重；t. 索：勘探：探究 capsule/kaepsju:lh.太空舱：胶加重量于：使变重 astronaut/'estran:t/n.宇航员：囊；密封舱 weightless/'weitlas/adj.失重的； 航天员 crew /kru:h.全体机组人员；全无重量的 cosmonaut/'kDmn3:th.(俄)体船员：一群人 weightlessness /'weitlasnas/n. 宇航员：航天员 commander/ka'ma:nda(r)/h.指重 spacecraft/'sperskra:ft/n.航天挥官；司令官 float /flaut/i.&t.漂浮：浮动： 器：宇宙飞船 command/ka'mand/t.&n.命飘动：n.漂浮物：浮板 spaceship/speisfip/n.宇宙飞船令：指挥；控制 orbit/'obt/h.轨道：t.&vi.沿 satellite/saetat/n.卫星；人造control /kan'tral/t.&n.控制：轨道运行；环绕…运行 卫星 支配；管理 circle/'s3k/n.圆；圆形；圈子； orbit/'btm.轨道；t.&i.沿in control of控制：管理；掌握t.&vi.环绕；盘旋 词义辨析及同义替换 1.astronaut/'estran:t/h.宇航员；航天员 词义辨析： astronaut: 指美国或其他非俄罗斯国家的宇航员，是国际通用词汇。 cosmonaut:特指俄罗斯（前苏联）的宇航员，源于俄语“KOCMOHaBT”。 同义替换： spaceman(非正式) 高中必修三人教 【太空探索专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： Neil Armstrong was the first astronaut to walk on the moon. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） Yuri Gagarin,the first man in space,was a_from Russia A.astronaut B.cosmonaut C.pilot (答案：B) 2.spacecraft/sperskra:ft/.h.航天器；宇宙飞船 词义辨析： spacecraft::泛指各种航天器，包括宇宙飞船、空间站、探测器等，单复数同形。 spaceship:特指载人的“宇宙飞船”，更强调“船”的概念，常用于科幻语境。 同义替换： space vehicle 例句： The spacecraft successfully landed on Mars after a seven-month journey. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） The new_will carry three astronauts to the space station next month. A.spaceship B.satellite C.missile (答案：A) 3.launch /lo:ntf/vt.发射；发起；创办：n.发射：发行 词义辨析： launch:作动词时，指“发射（火箭、卫星等）”或“发起（活动、项目）”；作名词时，强调“发 射的动作或过程”。 send:泛指“发送、派遣”，不特指“发射”，如send a letter(寄信)，send a man into space(送 宇航员进入太空)。 同义替换： fire(发射，非正式)，initiate（发起) 2 高中必修三人教 【太空探索专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： China plans to launch a new satellite into orbit next week 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） The company will_a new product line to meet the needs of young customers. A.launch B.control C.float (答案：A) 4.control/kn'traul/t.&n.控制：支配；管理 词义辨析： in control of:主动“控制、管理”某物，主语通常是人，如He is in control of the project.(他负 责这个项目。) in the control of:被动“被…控制”，主语通常是物，如The factory is in the control of the government.（这家工厂由政府管理。) 同义替换： manage,command 例句： The pilot remained calm and kept the plane in control during the storm. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） After the accident,the police tookof the situation immediately. A.control B.command C.orbit (答案：A) 5.gravity/'graevati/n.重力：引力 词义辨析： gravity:指地球或天体对物体的“重力、引力”，是不可数名词；也可指“严重性”，如the gravity of the situation（局势的严重性)。 gravitational:形容词，意为“重力的、引力的”，仅用于修饰名词，如gravitational force(重力)。 同义替换： gravitational force 3 高中必修三人教 【太空探索专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： Without gravity,we would float in the air like balloons. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） Thepull of the moon causes tides in the ocean. A.gravitational B.weightless C.floating (答案：A) 6.weight /wert/n.重量；体重；t.加重量于 词义辨析： weight:作名词时指“重量、体重”；作动词时意为“加重于”，如weight the box(给箱子加重)。 weightless:形容词，指“失重的”，强调“没有重量的状态”，如weightless environment(失重环境)。 同义替换： mass（质量，物理术语) 例句： The astronaut's weight in space is different from that on Earth. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） In space,people feel-because there is no gravity pulling them down. A.weightless B.heavy C.weighted (答案：A) 7.1oat/fleut/vi.&t.漂浮：浮动 词义辨析： float::指物体在液体或气体中“漂浮、飘动”，强调“悬浮状态”，如Wood floats on water..(木 头浮在水上。) fy:指“飞行”，通常指有翅膀的物体（如鸟、飞机）主动在空中移动，如Birds fly in the sky. 同义替换： dift(漂流，随水流/气流移动) 例句： In space,astronauts float because of weightlessness. 高中必修三人教 【太空探索专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接： (人教版高中必修三同步练习) Leaves_on the surface of the lake when the wind stops blowing. A.float B.circle C.orbit (答案：A) 8.orbit./'obtn.轨道；t.&vi.沿轨道运行 词义辨析： orbit:指天体或航天器“沿固定轨道运行”，如The moon orbits the Earth.（月球绕地球运行。) circle:指“环绕、盘旋”，可用于天体、飞机等，强调“圆周运动”，不特指“固定轨道”，如 Birds circle above the mountain.(鸟在山上盘旋。) 同义替换： revolve around(绕…运行) 例句： The satellite has been orbiting the Earth for more than 10 years. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） It takes the Earth 365 days to the sun. A.orbit B.circle C.float (答案：A) 9.command/k3'ma:nd/vt.&n.命令：指挥 词义辨析： command:强调“权威性的命令”，语气较强，主语通常是上级或有权力的人，如The general commanded his soldiers to attack.(将军命令士兵进攻。) order:泛指“命令”，语气较command弱，可用于上下级或平级，如The teacher ordered the students to be quiet.(老师让学生安静。) 同义替换： instruct(指示，正式)，direct(指挥) 例句： The captain has command of the entire crew on the spaceship. 高中必修三人教 【太空探索专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） The officer his men to stand at attention when the general arrived. A.commanded B.controlled C.floated (答案：A) l0.explore/k'spl:(r)/t.&vi.探索；勘探 词义辨析： explore:指“探索未知领域”（如太空、深海)或“探究问题”，强调“深入研究”，如explore space(探索太空)，explore the cause of the problem(探究问题的原因)。 search:侧重“寻找具体事物”，如search for a lost key(找丢失的钥匙)，search the forest(搜查森林)。 同义替换： investigate(调查，探究)，probe(探测) 例句： Scientists are working to explore the possibility of life on Mars. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） The team plans tothe Amazon rainforest to discover new plant species next year. A.explore B.control C.orbit (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、单项选择 1.The Americansuccessfully completed the spacewalk outside the International Space Station. A.astronaut B.cosmonaut C.pilot 2.The newis designed to carry astronauts to the moon and back safely. A.spacecraft 6 高中必修三人教 【太空探索专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 B.spaceship C.satellite 3.The government plans to_a new program to explore Mars in the next five years. A.launch B.send C.fire 4.The project is now_a team of experienced engineers. A.in control of B.in the control of C.under control 5.Without_,objects would float freely in space. A.gravity B.weight C.orbit 6.Astronauts feel-when they are in space because of the lack of gravitational pull. A.weighted B.weightless C.floating 7.The Mars rover will the red planet's surface for signs of water. A.explore B.search C.orbit 8.The Earth the sun once every 365 days A.circles B.orbits C.floats 9.The captainthe crew to prepare for landing as the spaceship approached Earth. A.ordered B.commanded C.controlled 10.Leaves-gently on the lake's surface in the breeze. A.float B.fly C.drift 7 高中必修三人教 【太空探索专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.Russia's first man in space,Yuri Gagarin,was called a c 2.The s successfully docked with the space station after a three-day journey. 3.Scientists are working to 1a new telescope into space to study distant galaxies. 4.The driver lost c_of the car and crashed into a tree. 5.The g of the sun keeps the planets in their orbits. 6.The astronaut's w_on the moon is only about one-sixth of that on Earth. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The team plans to_(explore)the deep sea to discover new species next year 2.The satellite has been(orbit)the Earth for over five years. 3.The general(command)his troops to retreat after the battle. 4.We were amazed by the(gravitational)force that holds the solar system together. 5.The company will (launch)a new smartphone model next month. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.中国计划明年发射一颗新的气象卫星。 China plans to_a new weather satellite into space next year. 2.没有重力，宇航员在太空中会漂浮。 Without gravity,astronauts_in space. 3.这位俄罗斯宇航员在太空生活了六个月。 The Russian lived in space for six months 4.地球绕太阳运行的轨道是椭圆形的。 The Earththe sun in an elliptical path 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 8 高中必修三人教 【太空探索专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 Space exploration has always been a dream for humans.In 1961,Yuri Gagarin,a Russian(1) (astronaut/cosmonaut),became the first man in space.Since then,many countries have sent_(2) (spacecraft/spaceship)and astronauts into space to(3)(explore/search)the universe. To send a spacecraft into space,scientists need to(4)(launch/send)it with powerful rockets.Once in space,the spacecraft enters an(5)(orbit/circle)around the Earth or other celestial bodies.Astro- nauts inside experience(6)(weight/weightlessness)because there is no strong gravitational pull. They must learn to_(7)(float/fly)and move carefully to avoid accidents. Ground control teams_(8)(command/order)the missions from Earth,ensuring the safety of the crew.Over time,humans have made great progress in understanding the universe through these efforts. 参考答案 【单项选择 1.A2B 3.A4.B5.A6B7.A8.B9B10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.cosmonaut 2.spacecraft 3.launch 4.control 5.gravity 6.weight I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.explore 2.orbiting 3.commanded 4.gravitational 5.launch V.完成句子 1.launch 2.will float 3.cosmonaut 4.orbits around V语篇填空 1.cosmonaut 2.spacecraft 3.explore 4.launch 5.orbit 6.weightlessness 7.float 8.command 9