Unit 2 Friendship（二）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修一（冀教版）

Unit 2 Friendship 教材全解（二） benefit exist quality accidental case likely admire 。单元核心词汇 saying ruble measure cash literature memory false indeed shadow effort 。单元同步语法 一般过去时与过去将来时辨析 ⊙单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.benefit/'benifit/.n.优势；益处v.对（某人)有用 词形变化：beneficial(adj.)有益的；beneficiary(m.)受益人 搭配：benefit from/by从…中受益；for the benefit of为了…的利益 辨析：benefit指实际好处；advantage强调有利条件；profit侧重利润 Regular exercise brings great benefit to health. 2.exist/Ig'zIst/.v.存在 词形变化：existence(m.)存在；existing(adj.)现存的；coexist(w.)共存 搭配：exist in/on存在于…；come into existence产生；出现 辨析：exist指客观存在；occur强调发生；live指有生命地存在 Does life exist on other planets? 3.quality/'kwplati//n.品质；质量adj.优质的 词形变化：qualify(v.)使合格；qualification(n.）资格；qualitative(adj.）定性的 搭配：quality of life生活质量；in quality在质量上；high-quality高质量的 辨析：quality侧重优劣程度；characteristic指特征；feature指显著特点 The quality of education determines a country's future. 4.accidental/,eksI'dentl/adj.意外的；偶然的 词形变化：accident(n.)事故；accidentally(adv.)意外地 搭配：accidental death意外死亡；accidental discovery偶然发现 辨析：accidental强调非计划性；unexpected强调出乎意料；fortuitous侧重幸运巧 合 The discovery of penicillin was accidental. 5.likely/'larkli/adj.可能的adv.很可能 词形变化：unlikely(adj.）不可能的；likelihood(n.)可能性 搭配：be likely to do sth.很可能做某事；more likely than not多半 辨析：likely强调推测；probable可能性大；possible可能性较小（但可能发生） It is likely that he will win the game. 6.admire/ed'mara(r)/v.钦佩；赞赏 词形变化：admiration(n.)钦佩；admirable(adi.)值得钦佩的；admirer(n.)仰慕 者 搭配：admire sb.for sth.因某事钦佩某人；in admiration钦佩地 辨析：admire侧重赞赏；respect侧重尊重；appreciate侧重欣赏价值 I admire her for her courage 7.measure/me3(r)/v.估量；测量n.措施；尺寸 词形变化：measurement(n.)测量；measurable(adj.)可测量的 搭配：take measures采取措施；measure up符合标准；measure against与…比较 辨析：measure指测量大小/程度；weigh侧重称重；estimate指估算 We must take effective measures to protect the environment. 8.false/fo:ls/adj.不真诚的；错误的 词形变化：falsely(adv.)错误地；falsify(w.)伪造；falsehood(n.)谎言 搭配：false alarm假警报；false impression错误印象；false move失策 辨析：false强调不真实；wrong侧重不对；artificial指人造的 Don't be fooled by his false smile 9.effort/'efat/n.努力；艰难的尝试 词形变化：effortless(adj.)不费力的；effortlessly(adv.)轻松地 搭配：make an effort做出努力；in an effort to为了；spare no effort不遗余力 辨析：effort强调付出的力气；struggle强调艰难抗争；attempt侧重尝试 Success comes from constant effort. l0.positive/'pDzatIv/adj.积极的；建设性的；积极乐观的 词形变化：positively(adv.)积极地；positivity(n.）积极性 搭配：positive attitude积极态度；positive effect积极影响；positive advice建设性 建议 反义词：negative(adj.)消极的 A positive mindset helps you overcome difficulties. ll.effect /I'fekt/n.影响；效应；结果 词形变化：effective(adj.)有效的；effectively(adv.)有效地；effectiveness(m.) 有效性 搭配：have an effect on对…有影响；take effect生效；side effect副作用 辨析：effect强调结果；influence侧重潜移默化的影响；impact强调强烈冲击 The new law will take effect next month. 12.attract/a'traekt/v.吸引 词形变化：attraction(n.)吸引力；attractive(adj.）有吸引力的；attractively (adv.)迷人地 搭配：attract attention吸引注意；attract sb.to sth.吸引某人做某事 辨析：attract侧重引起兴趣；cham侧重魅力迷人；appeal to侧重迎合喜好 The exhibition attracted thousands of visitors. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.Regular exercise is (benefit)to both physical and mental health 2.The scientist proved that water does not (existence)on the moon 3.This product is of high (quality),but its price is also high 4.The discovery of the new element was completely (accident). 5.It is (like)that the heavy snow will continue for another day. 6.We all (admiration)her for her bravery in the face of danger. 7.The government is taking (measure)to control air pollution. 8.His (false)promise made everyone disappointed. 9.Only with great (effort)can we achieve our dreams. 10.A (positive)attitude can turn obstacles into opportunities. 11.The medicine has an immediate (effective)on the patient. 12.The bright colors of the flowers (attraction)many butterflies. 13.It is (doubt)whether he will arrive on time-he is often late. 14.The new policy will come into (exist)next year. 15.She spoke so softly that I had to make an extra (effort)to hear her Many people believe that luck is nothing but an 1. (accident)event.However, success is hardly 2. (like)to happen without effort.Take Thomas Edison for example.He made great 3. (effort)and failed thousands of times before inventing the light bulb.His positive attitude 4. (beneficial)the whole world.We should 5. (admire)him for his persistence. When we face problems,we should take effective 6. (measure)instead of making (false)excuses.The quality of our decisions can 8. (effect)our future greatly.A good education not only 9. (exist)in classrooms but also in life experiences. To10. (attraction)success,we need to believe in ourselves.Remember:where there is a will,there is a way.11. (Indeed),effort is the key to 12. (quality)life. 参考答案 1.beneficial;2.exist;3.quality;4.accidental;5.likely;6.admire;7.measures; (一)单句填空 8.false;9.effort;10.positive;11.effect;12.attract;13.unlikely;14.existence; 15.effort 1.accidental;2.likely;3.effort;4.benefited;5.admire;6.measures;7.false; (二)短文填空 8.affect;9.exists;10.attract;11.Indeed;12.quality 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 一般过去时与过去将来时辨析 一般过去时与过去将来时辨析 项目 内容 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发 一般过去时 生的动作。 例：I visited the museum yesterday. 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句、 过去将来时 间接引语中。 He said he would visit the museum the next day. 般过去时：肯定句主语+动词过去式+其他：否定句主语+didn't+-动词 原形+其他；疑问句Did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 过去将来时：肯定句主语+would+动词原形+其他；否定句主语 结构对比 +wouldn't+动词原形+其他；疑问句Would-+主语+动词原形+其他？ 备注：过去将来时也常用was/were goin.gto+动词原形表示计划、打 算。 时间参照：一般过去时以“现在”为基点，动作发生在过去；过去将来时 以“过去”为基点，动作发生在过去的未来。 常用时间状语：一般过去时-yesterday,.last week,in2020,two days ago, just now;过去将来时-the next day,the following week,then,soon,later, 核心区别 in+过去将来时间。 常见语境：一般过去时-叙述已发生的客观事实、习惯、过去状态；过 去将来时-转述过去的想法、承诺、预测、计划。 关键判断：如果句子中有过去的引述动词（如said,thought,.amew, promised,.hoped)且后面的动作发生在它之后，则用过去将来时。 l.混淆时间参照：注意ago与later/next的区别。例：He left two hours ago.(一般过去时)He said he would leave two hours later:.(过去将来时) 2.条件句中“主将从现”的过去时间：当主句为过去将来时，条件从句用 高频易错点 般过去时。例：She said she would go if she had time 3.was/were going to与would互换：均可表示过去打算，但was/were going to更强调计划性，would更强调意愿或必然性。 考点通关 一般过去时与过去将来时辨析 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.-Where you last night?-I at home. A.were;was B.are;am C.did;was 2.The teacher said that the exam the following week. A.will be B.would be C.is 3.My mother me a story every night when I was young. A.tells B.told C.would tell 4.He promised he never late again. A.will;be B.would;be C.is;being 5.-Did you see the movie last weekend?-No,I to,but I was too busy. A.was going B.had gone C.would go 6.We a picnic if it hadn't rained yesterday. A.would have B.had C.have 7.She that she visit her grandparents the next day. A.said;will B.says;would C.said;would 8.-Why didn't you answer my call?-Sorry,I a shower at that time. A.had B.was having C.would have 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给动词的适当形式填空（注意时态)。 1.He told me that he a new car the next month. 2.I the truth until you told me yesterday. 3.They believed the project a great success in the future. 4.Last year,my father in a hospital far away 5.She said she to the party,but she didn't. 6.The scientist that the earth warmer and warmer. 7.When I was a child,I often hide-and-seek with my friends. 8.The manager announced that the meeting place the following Friday. 9.We to go hiking,but the weather turned bad. 10.He that he a mistake later. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.A;7.C,8.B 1.would buy;2.didn't know;3.would be;4.worked;5.would come;6.predicted;would become;7.played;8.would take; 语法专练二：语法填空 9.had planned/were planning;10.realized;would make/had made 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 Friendship in Different Cultures Having 100 friends is better than having 100 rubles. 结构：Ving短语+谓语动词 中文：有一百个朋友胜过有一百卢布。 用法：动名词短语在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。 2.Readers can feel what friendship means while reading. 结构：主句谓语+连接词(what/hat)+主语+谓语（陈述语序) 中文：读者在阅读时能感受到友谊的意义。 用法：what在从句中作宾语或主语，hat只起连接作用。 3.True friends understand each other in a way others cannot. 结构：先行词+(that/which)+从句（关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略） 中文：真正的朋友以别人无法做到的方式理解彼此。 用法：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 4. One common belief in ancient China concerning friendship is that friends see the world in the same or similar way. 结构：主语+be动词+that引导的表语从句 中文：中国古代关于友谊的一个普遍观点是，朋友以相同或相似的方式看待世界。 用法：that在表语从句中不可省略，只起连接作用。 5.When it comes to the importance of telling true friends from false ones,cultures have similar ideas. 结构：when it comes to+n./doing,意为“当谈到…时” 中文：当谈到区分真假朋友的重要性时，不同文化有相似的观点。 用法：when it comes to是固定短语，to为介词，后接名词或动名词。 6.If you are studying,working or travelling to another country,you will find that friendship exists everywhere. 结构：if+一般现在时，主句+will/can/may+动词原形（主将从现） 中文：如果你在另一个国家学习、工作或旅行，你会发现友谊无处不在。 用法：条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句常用一般将来时。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1. (make)good friends takes time and effort. 2.I don't know (what)he values most in friendship. 3.The film (which)we watched last night is about friendship. 4.The truth is (that)everyone needs true friends. 5.When it comes to (tell)true friends from false ones, actions speak louder than words. 6.If you (study)abroad,you will experience different cultures. 7.True friends understand each other in a way others (cannot). 8. (have)a bosom friend is a great blessing. 9.The old saying (go),"A friend in need is a friend indeed." 10.When you cannot find a friend on a cloudy day,you know he is a (shadow)friend. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.交真正的朋友需要时间和信任。 2.读者能从故事中感受到友谊意味着什么。 3.真正朋友以别人无法理解的方式相互理解。 4.中国古代的一个常见观念是朋友看待世界的方式相同或相似。 5. 当谈到分辨真假朋友时，不同文化有相似的观点。 6.如果你去另一个国家学习或旅行，你会发现友谊无处不在。 7.危难中的朋友才是真正的朋友。 8.友谊不能用金钱来衡量。 9.坏朋友就像影子，晴天甩不掉，阴天找不到。 10.牢固的友谊对健康有积极影响。 参考答案 l.Making;2.what;3.which/that（可省略)；4.that; 练习一：完成句子 5.telling;6.study;7.cannot;8.Having;9.goes;10.shadow 练习二：翻译句子 1.Making true friends takes time and trust.;2.Readers can feel what friendship means from the stories.3.True friends understand each other in a way others cannot.;4.One common belief in ancient China is that friends see the world in the same or similar way.;5.When it comes to telling true friends from false ones,different cultures have similar ideas.;6.If you study or travel to another country,you will find that friendship exists everywhere.7.A friend in need is a friend indeed.8.Friendship cannot be measured by cash/money.9.Bad friends are like a shadow.On a sunny day you cannot get rid of them,but on a cloudy day you cannot find them.;10.A strong friendship has a positive effect on our health 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage 1 In an era where digital communication dominates,the nature of friendship has undergone a profound transformation.A recent study published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships suggests that while social media has expanded our ability to connect,it has also introduced a paradox:we have more friends online but fewer meaningful relationships offline. Researchers from the University of Oxford surveyed 2,500 adults aged 18 to 65.They found that participants who reported having more than 200 online fiiends actually scored lower on measures of emotional support and tust than those with a smaller,more selective circle."The number of friends isn't what matters;it's the quality of interaction that counts,"said Dr.Emily Carter,lead author of the study."A close fiiend you can call at 2 a.m.is worth more than a thousand Facebook likes." The study also highlighted cultural differences.In collectivist societies,such as those in East Asia, friendships often involve deep mutual obligation and long-term commitment.In contrast,individualistic cultures like the United States tend to value friendships that are more flexible and based on shared interests.However,the rise of global communication has blurred these lines.A Chinese student studying in the US might maintain a WeChat group with childhood fiiends while also forming new bonds through Instagram. One striking finding was the role of'weak ties"acquaintances you rarely meet but who provide access to new information and opportunities.These weak links,first identified by sociologist Mark Granovetter in 1973,are now amplified by social media."Weak ties can be incredibly valuable for career development,"Carter noted."But they cannot replace the emotional depth that only strong ties can offer:.” The researchers conclude that the healthiest approach is to maintain a balance:invest in a few deep fiendships while keeping a wider network of weak ties.As Carter put it,Friendship isn't a competition for numbers.It's about finding people who see you,hear you,and stand by you even when the Wi-Fi goes down." 1.What is the"paradox"mentioned in Paragraph 1? 2.According to Dr.Emily Carter,what is the most important factor in friendship? 3.How do collectivist and individualistic cultures differ in their view of fiiendship? 4.What is the role of"weak ties"according to the passage? 5.What is the researchers'final advice regarding fiendships? Passage 2 The concept of"friendship"varies so sharply across cultures that what is considered a true fiend in one society might be seen as distant or even rude in another.Anthropologists have long studied these differences,and their findings reveal that misunderstanding can easily arise when people from different backgrounds interact. In many Middle Eastern cultures,friendship implies a high level of hospitality and reciprocity.If a fiiend invites you to dinner,you are expected to return the favor soon.Declining an invitation without a convincing reason can be interpreted as a sign of disrespect.Similarly,in parts of Latin America, fiiends are expected to be physically affectionate hugging,kissing on the cheek,or touching the arm during conversation.A visitor from Northemn Europe,where personal space is more respected,might feel uncomfortable with such closeness,potentially damaging the budding relationship. On the other hand,in Japan and South Korea,fiiendship often develops slowly over shared experiences,such as school or work.It is common to use formal language and address fiiends by their titles or last names for an extended period.Rushing into a casual,first-name basis fiiendship can be seen as presumptuous.In Japan,there is a even a term"tatemae"(public facade)versus "honne"(true feelings)revealing your true self to a fiiend is a sign of deep trust that takes time to build. Interestingly,digital communication has created new norms.In some cultures,responding to a text message within minutes is expected,while in others,a response within 24 hours is considered perfectly normal.A study from the University of Helsinki found that Finns,known for their reserved nature, often dislike small talk and prefer silence to meaningless chatter.A Finnish fiiend may sit with you in comfortable silence for an hour,whereas an Italian might perceive that as awkward. To navigate these differences,experts recommend three strategies:first,observe before assuming pay attention to how locals interact with each other;second,ask open-ended questions like "How do people here usually make fiiends?",and third,be patient genuine cross-cultural fiiendships require time and mutual adjustment.As one anthropologist wrote,"The bridge of fiiendship is built slowly,brick by brick of understanding." 1.Why might a Northem European feel uncomfortable when interacting with a Latin American fiiend? 2.What does the Japanese concept "honne"refer to? 3.How do Finns typically view small talk in fiiendships? 4.What is one suggestion the author gives for building cross-cultural friendships? 二、完形填空 It was the first day of high school,and I was terified.I had moved to a new city over the summer, leaving behind all my old fiiends.I walked into the classroom,feeling like a (1) in a foreign land.Everyone seemed to already know each other,laughing and chatting in small groups.I found an empty seat near the window and sat down,(2)my hands nervously. The teacher introduced herself and then asked us to pair up for an activity.A gil with bright red hair turned around and smiled."Hi,I'm Sarah.Want to be my partner?"I nodded,(3) We worked together on the assignment,and she asked me where I was from.(4) my story,she said,"I know it's tough moving to a new place.My family moved three times before I was ten."Her words were like a warm blanket on a cold day. Over the next few weeks,Sarah and I became close.She introduced me to her fiends,and gradually I (5) pat of a circle.We ate lunch together,studied for exams,and shared secrets.I (6) realized how lonely I had been before meeting her.One afteroon,I asked her(7) she had been so kind to me that first day.She shrugged and said,"Because everyone deserves a fiiend." That was(⑧) years ago.Sarah and I are still best fiiends,even though we live in different states now.We talk on the phone every week and visit each other (9)a year.I often think about (10) the chance pairing changed my life.It taught me the power of a simple(11) a smile,a kind word,an invitation.Friendship doesn't start with big (12) it starts with small moments of courage Now,whenever I see someone (13) new at school or work,I remember Sarah.I make an (14) to greet them,to include them.Because one small act of kindness can (15) a chain reaction and maybe even change a life. 1.A.native B.stranger C.teacher D.leader 2.A.waving B.shaking C.folding D.rubbing 3.A.relieved B.woried C.confused D.angiy 4.A.Writing B.Hearing C.Forgetting D.Telling 5.A.became B.turned C.grew D.changed 6.A.always B.never C.sometimes D.usually 7.A.why B.when C.how D.where 8.A.few B.many C.several D.couple 9.A.once B.twice C.every D.each 10.A.why B.how C.whether D.what 11.A.gift B.gesture C.promise D.plan 12.A.parties B.speeches C.gestures D.ceremonies 13.A.looking B.feeling C.being D.aniving 14.A.effort B.excuse C.apology D.decision 15.A.start B.stop C.change D.continue 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the following passage and answer the questions with no more than 10 words. In a small town in England,a tradition called "Friendship Bench"has been quietly changing school life.The idea is simple:if a student feels lonely or sad,they can sit on a specially painted bench in the playground.Other students who see someone sitting there are encouraged to go over and ask if they want to talk or play together. The bench was introduced by a group of students at Oakwood Primary School after they read a news story about a girl who had no fiiends to play with."We felt tenible for her,"said nine-year-old Lily, one of the founders."We thought,what if there was a way for lonely kids to signal that they needed a friend?"With the help of their teacher,they painted a bright yellow bench and hung a sign explaining its pupose. At first,some students were shy to approach the bench.But soon,the idea caught on.Teachers reported that bullying incidents decreased by 30%within three months.The bench teaches empathy," said principal Mr.Hanis."Children leamn to notice when someone is excluded and to take action.It's not just about making fiiends;it's about building a community." The project has since spread to dozens of schools across the UK and even abroad.Some have added variations,like a"Wony Box"where students can drop notes when they feel too nervous to approach the bench directly.The bench has become a powerful symbol:that fiiendship begins with courage both the courage to ask for help and the courage to offer it. 1.What is the purpose of the "Friendship Bench'? 2.Who first came up with the idea? 3.What problem did the news story about the girl highlight? 4.How did teachers measure the bench's impact? 5.What does the bench symbolize according to the passage? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入I个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Friendship is one of the most important relationships in our lives.It provides emotional support,reduces stress,and even increases our sense of belonging.But how do we make friends?The answer often lies in small,daily acts of kindness. In a study (1) by Harvard University,researchers found that people who performed small acts of kindness holding a door,giving a compliment,offering a pen were more likely to be approached by others and to form new friendships."Kindness acts as a social signal,"said Dr.Lisa Feldman."It tells others that you are safe,trustworthy,and worth(2) However,making fiends also requires (3) initiative.You cannot just wait for others to come to you.Sometimes you need to be the first to say,Hi,would you like to have coffee together?"This can feel awkward,but research shows that most people actually appreciate being (4).They just feel the same shyness you do. Another key factor is shared activities.Whether it's joining a sports team,a book club,or a volunteer group,spending time together(5) something builds natural bonds.The shared experience creates conversation topics and a sense of common purpose.A 2019 study of university students found that those who joined at least one club during their first semester reported(6)levels of friendship satisfaction than those who didn't. But what about online friendships?While digital connections can be meaningful,experts wamn (7) depending solely on social media.A study from the University of Pittsburgh showed that heavy social media users felt more isolated,not less.(8)reason is that online interactions lack nonverbal cues tone of voice,eye contact,touch which are essential for deep emotional bonding. (9) remember that fiiendship takes time.It's a garden that needs(10) watering,and weeding.The first few conversations may be shallow,but with consistent effort,they can grow into something beautiful. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友To写信说他最近因为转学而感到孤独，交不到新朋友。请你给 他写一封回信，内容包括： 1.表示理解并安慰； 2.提出至少两条交友建议（如参加社团、主动交流等）： 3.鼓励他保持乐观。 要求： 1.词数100~120： 2.可以根据内容适当发挥： 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, I'm sony to hear that you're feeling lonely after the school transfer. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 一、阅读理解Passage 1:l.The paradox is that people have more online fiiends but fewer meaningful offline relationships.2.The quality of interaction (or deep connection)is most important. 3.Collectivist cultures value deep mutual obligation;individualistic cultures value flexible,interest-based fiiendships.4.Weak ties provide access to new information and opportunities.5.Maintain a balance:invest in a few deep fiiendships while keeping a wider network of weak ties. Passage 2:1.Because Latin Americans are more physically affectionate/small personal space might make a Northem European uncomfortable.2.Honne refers to one's true feelings (as opposed to public facade).3.They dislike small talk and prefer silence to meaningless chatter.4.Observe before assuming/ask open-ended questions /be patient (any one is acceptable). 1.B,2.C3.A;4.B;5.A;6.B,7.A;8.B,9.A;10.B,11.B,12.C,13.D;14.A,15. 二、完形填空 A 1.To help lonely students find someone to play/talk with.2.A group of students at 三、阅读短文 Oakwood Primary School.3.The girl had no friends to play with.4.By measuring a 回答问题 decrease in bullying incidents (30%drop).5.Courage to ask for help and offer it. 1.conducted 2.knowing 3.taking 4.invited 5.doing 6.higher 7.against 8.One 9. 四、短文填空 Finally 10.patience 五、写作 范文： Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear that you're feeling lonely after the school transfer.I completely understand how hard it can be to start over in a new place.But don't wory many students face the same challenge and eventually make great friends. First,I suggest you join a club or sports team that interests you.Shared activities make it easier to start conversations.Second,try to be the one who says "hi"first.Most people are actually happy to be approached.Believe me,a simple smile can work wonders. Keep a positive attitude and give yourself time.Fiendship is like a plant it needs patience to grow.I'm sure you'll find your group soon. Yours, Li Hua