Unit 2 The things around us（一）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修三（沪教版）

Unit 2 The things around us 教材全解（一） ⊙单元核心词汇 flood cotton guy insect;drop;discount nail export; expert hesitate tip;profit living wine jean ⊙单元同步语法 时态辨析：现在完成时、一般过去时与过去完成时 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.flood /flad/v.(使)充满；充斥n.洪水 词形变化：flooded(adj.被淹没的；充满的)；flooding(n.泛滥；洪水) 搭配：be flooded with充满；a flood of大量的；flood in/into涌入 辨析：f1ood作动词时强调“大量涌入或充满”，常与wth连用；作名词指“洪 水”或“大量”。 例句：The market was flooded with cheap imports.. Applications flooded in after the job was posted. 2.export /Ik'spo:t/v.出口；输出/ekspo:t/n.出口（商品） 词形变化：exporter(n.出口商)；exportation(n.出口行为) 搭配：export…to..把…出口到…；export trade出口贸易 辨析：export与import(进口)相对；注意动词和名词发音不同。 例句：China exports a large amount of electronic products to Europe. Oil is one of the country's main exports. 3.expert./'eksp3t/n.专家；能手adj.熟练的；内行的 词形变化：expertise(n.专门知识；专长)；expertly(adv.熟练地) 搭配：an expert in/on..…方面的专家；be expert at(doing)sth.精通于… 辨析：expert作形容词时侧重“技术或知识上的熟练”；specialist多指“专科医生 或专门研究者”。 例句：He is an expert in environmental science. She is expert at solving difficult math problems. 4.hesitate/'hezrtert/v.犹豫；迟疑不决 词形变化：hesitation(n.犹豫)；hesitant(adj.犹豫的)；hesitantly(adv.犹豫 地) 搭配：hesitate to do sth.犹豫做某事；without hesitation毫不犹豫 辨析：hesitate强调因不确定或顾虑而暂时停止行动；waver侧重摇摆不定。 例句：Don't hesitate to ask if you have any questions. She agreed without hesitation. 5 profit/'profit/n.利润；收益v.获益；得到好处 词形变化：profitable(adj.有利可图的)；profitability(n.盈利能力) 搭配：make a profit获利；profit from/by sth.从…中受益 辨析：profit侧重金钱收益；benefit更泛指好处、利益。 例句：The company made a huge profit last year.. Students can profit from reading widely. 6..living /'lrvm/n.生计；谋生；收入adj.活的：生动的 词形变化：live(v.生活；居住)；lively(adj.活泼的)；livelihood(n.生计， 更正式) 搭配：make a living谋生；living standard生活水平；cost of living生活成本 辨析：make a living指“谋生”；living作名词不可数，但可加a表示“一种生 计”。 例句：He makes a living by selling handmade crafts. The cost of living has risen sharply. 7.economy/'kpnami/n.经济；经济体制 词形变化：economic(adj.经济的)；economical(adj.节约的)；economics(n. 经济学) 搭配：market economy市场经济；economy class经济舱；boost the economy促进 经济 辨析：economic指与经济有关的；economical指“节省的”。 例句：The country's economy is growing steadily. It is more economical to travel by bus than by taxi. 8.involve /in'volv/v.包含；需要；使成为必要；牵涉 词形变化：involved(adj.参与的；复杂的)；involvement(n.参与；牵连) 搭配：be involved in参与；卷入；involve doing sth.需要做某事；involve sb.in 使某人参与 辨析：involve强调“必然包含”或“牵涉”；include只表示“包括”，不一定有 因果关系。 例句：The job involves travelling abroad frequently.. He was involved in a traffic accident. 9.discount./'drskaunt/n.折扣v.打折；不重视 词形变化：discount rate贴现率；discounted(adj.打折的) 搭配：at a discount打折；offer/,give a discount提供折扣；discount sth.认为， 不重要 辨析：discount作动词时除了“打折”，还有“对…不予考虑”的意思。 例句：Students can get a 10%discount on tickets. We cannot discount the possibility of failure. l0.nail /nerl/n.指甲；钉子v.钉住；成功完成（口语） 词形变化：nail polish指甲油；nail-biting(adj.令人紧张的) 搭配：hit the nail on the head说到点子上；nail down确定；nail it成功做到 辨析：nail作动词时，本义是“用钉子钉”，口语中引申为“出色完成”。 例句：She nailed the interview and got the job.. He hit the nail on the head when he said we need more practice. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The city was (flood)with tourists during the holiday season. 2.Many local companies (export)their goods to Southeast Asian countries. 3.She is considered an (expert)in the field of artificial intelligence. 4.If you have any doubts,don't (hesitate)to contact us. 5.The company managed to make a (profitable)despite the economic crisis. 6.He makes his (live)by working as a freelance photographer 7.The government is taking measures to boost the (economy). 8.The project (involve)a large amount of time and money. 9.Students can get a special (discount)on textbooks this semester. 10.She (nail)the final exam and got the highest score in her class. 11.The expert advised us not to (hesitation)when making decisions. 12.Thousands of applications (flood)into the office after the announcement. 13.The country's main (export)include machinery and chemicals. 14.He was (involve)in organizing the school sports meeting 15.It is (economy)to buy in bulk when prices are low. (二)短文填空 Many countries rely on 1. to support their 2. For example,China 3. electronic products to all over the world.However,a sudden 4. of cheap goods may harm local industries.To make a 5. companies must find ways to increase 6. Sometimes they offer 7. to attract customers.But successful business owners are 8. at market analysis and never 9. to take smart risks.They fully 10. themselves in every aspect of the business. 参考答案 1.flooded;2.export;3.expert;4.hesitate;5.profit;6.living;7.economy; (一)单句填空 8.involves;9.discount;10.nailed;11.hesitate;12.flooded;13.exports; 14.involved;15.economical 1.exports;2.economy;3.exports;4.flood;5.living;6.profit;7.discounts; (二)短文填空 8.experts;9.hesitate;10.involve 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 时态辨析 时态辨析 项目 内容 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去持续到现在的动 作/状态。 现在完成时 结构：have/has+过去分词常用时间状语：already,.yet,ever,never,just, ecently,lately,so far,up to now,since+时间点，for+时间段 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关。 一般过去时 结构：主语+动词过去式(be动词用was/were)常用时间状语： yesterday,last night/week,in 2020,two days ago,just now,once upon a time 表示在过去某个时间或动作之前己经完成的动作(“过去的过去”)。 过去完成时 结构：had+过去分词常用时间状语：by+过去时间，before+过去时 间/动作，after+过去动作，when/until+过去动作 二、核心用法区别 √现在完成时vs一般过去时 现在完成时强调“过去与现在的联系”，不具体说明时间；一般过去时强调“过去的事 实”，常伴有明确过去时间。 例： I have seen that movie..(已看过，了解内容) I saw that movie last night.(昨晚看的，单纯叙述) √现在完成时vs过去完成时 现在完成时以“现在”为参照；过去完成时以“过去某一时刻”为参照。 例： She has finished her homework.（现在已完成) She had finished her homework before her mother came back.（妈妈▣来之前已完成) √一般过去时vs过去完成时 一般过去时按时间顺序直接叙述：过去完成时表示更早的动作，需有另一个过去时间/动 作作参照。 例： He arrived at the station.The train left.（先后顺序：到达，火车离开) When he arrived at the station,the train had already left.(到达时火车已离开) 三、特别提醒（高考高频考点) 1.瞬间动词（如boITow,.buy,leave,.die)在完成时中不能与一段时间连用，需转换为延续 性动词（如keep,have,be away,be dead)。 2.过去完成时常用在by the time/when引导的时间状语从句中，表示“到…时已 经…”。 3.在“hardly.when”"no sooner..than.”结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过 去时。 考点通关 时态辨析 语法专练一：单项选择 (8题) 1.-Why does the soup taste so nice? I some special spices into it just now. A.put B.have put C.had put D.was putting 2.By the time the police arrived,the thief A.escaped B.has escaped C.had escaped D.was escaping 3.-I you for ages.Where have you been? -I've been teaching in a remote village. A.didn't see B.haven't seen C.hadn't seen D.don't see 4.He in this company since he graduated from university. A.worked B.has worked C.had worked D.was working 5.The moment I arrived at the airport,I realized I my passport at home A.forgot B.have forgotten C.had forgotten D.was forgetting 6.-Have you ever visited the Great Wall? -Yes.I it last summer vacation. A.have visited B.visited C.had visited D.visit 7.She told me she the book twice before she wrote the report. A.read B.has read C.had read D.was reading 8.It is the first time that I such a beautiful sunset A.saw B.have seen C.had seen D.see 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给动词的适当形式填空（注意时态） 1.I (finish)my homework already.Let's go out for a walk 2.He (live)in Shanghai for three years before he moved to Beijing. 3.-Where is Tom? -He (go)to the library.He left ten minutes ago 4.When I called him,he (just,finish)his dinner 5.The train (start)when we reached the station.We had to wait for the next one. 6.So far,scientists (discover)over 5,000 new species in the ocean. 7.She (not hear)from her brother since he went abroad in 2020. 8.By the end of last term,we (learn)2,000 English words 9.It (be)three years since she joined the volunteer team. 10.Hardly had I got home when it (begin)to rain heavily. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.A;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.C;6.B;7.C,8.B 1.have finished;2.had lived;3.has gone;4.had just 语法专练二：语法填空 finished;5.had started;6.have discovered;7.has not heard;8.had learned;9.has been;10.began A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 The Story of a T-shirt 夙門 1.A simple cotton T-shirt,which we often take for granted,has a long and complex journey that begins in a cotton field and ends in our wardrobes. 结构：先行词+，+wich+从句（非限制性） 中文：一件简单的棉质T恤，我们常常认为理所当然，有着漫长而复杂的旅程，始于棉 田，终于我们的衣柜。 用法：非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，去掉后主句意思仍然完整。 2....which we often take for granted 结构：take+宾语+for granted 中文：我们常常认为…理所当然 用法：take..forg1 ranted意为“认为…理所当然”，常后接名词或代词。 3.Although it may look like a basic item of clothing,the T-shirt is the result of a global supply chain that involves farmers,factory workers,and retailers from all over the world. 结构：A1 though+从句（陈述语序)，主句 中文：虽然它看起来像一件基本衣物，但T恤是全球供应链的结果，涉及农民、工厂工人 和来自世界各地的零售商。 用法：although不能与but连用，但可以与yet/stillj连用。 4.One of the most surprising facts about the T-shirt is that it has been worn by people from all walks of life,from farmers and factory workers to celebrities and politicians. 结构：主语+be+that从句 中文：关于T恤最令人惊讶的事实之一是它被各行各业的人穿过，从农民、工厂工人到名 人、政界人士。 用法：hat在表语从句中只起连接作用，不能省略。 5.When the cotton is harvested,it is transported to a factory where it is spun into yarn,woven into fabric,and finally dyed and cut into T-shirts. 结构：be+过去分词（并列) 中文：当棉花被收割后，它被运送到一个工厂，在那里被纺成纱，织成布，最后染色和裁 剪成T恤。 用法：描述制作过程常用被动语态，多个被动动词可共享b动词。 6....it is transported to a factory where it is spun into yarn... 结构：先行词（地点)+where+主语+谓语 中文：…它被运到一个工厂，在那里被纺成纱… 用法：where在从句中作地点状语，相当于in/at which。 7.The T-shirt has become a symbol of globalization,as it is produced in one country,sold in another,and worn by people who may never have met the people who made it. 结构：主句+as+从句 中文：T恤已成为全球化的象征，因为它在一个国家生产，在另一个国家销售，并由可能 从未见过制造它的人穿着。 用法：as表示“因为”，语气比because?弱，常用于众所周知的原因。 8.Many people are now choosing to buy sustainable T-shirts,which are made from organic cotton and produced in factories that treat their workers fairly 结构：先行词（复数名词），+which+从句（复数谓语） 中文：许多人现在选择购买可持续的T恤，这些T恤由有机棉制成，并在公平对待工人的工 厂生产。 用法：wch指代前文名词，从句中嵌套了另一个定语从句。 9.By understanding the journey of a T-shirt,we can become more aware of the impact our choices have on the environment and the lives of people around the world. 结构：By+doing sth,主句 中文：通过了解一件T恤的旅程，我们可以更加意识到我们的选择对环境以及世界各地人 们生活的影响。 用法：by后接动名词，表示方式。 10....the impact our choices have on the environment... 结构：have an impact on+名词 中文：…我们的选择对环境的影响… 用法：impact on为固定搭配，意为“对…的影响”。 考点通关 文章句型 Y 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空) 1.The T-shirt,which we often take for (grant),has a long journey. 2. (although)it may look cheap,the T-shirt is actually very complex. 3.One of the most important facts (be)that the T-shirt connects people worldwide. 4.The cotton (pick)by hand in many countries. 5.This is the factory the fabric (weave)into cloth 6.The T-shirt (become)a symbol of globalization in recent years. 7.More and more people are choosing T-shirts are made in an eco-friendly way. 8.By (buy)sustainable clothes,we can make a difference 9.The workers should (treat)with respect. 10.We must be aware of the impact our choices have the environment. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.一件简单的棉质T恤，我们常常认为理所当然，却有着漫长的旅程。 2.虽然它看起来像一件基本衣物，但T恤是全球供应链的结果。 3.关于T恤最令人惊讶的事实之一是它被各行各业的人穿过。 4.当棉花被收割后，它被运送到一个工厂。 5. 在工厂里，棉花被纺成纱，织成布，最后染色和裁剪成T恤。 6.T恤已经成为全球化的象征，因为它在一个国家生产，在另一个国家销售。 7.许多人现在选择购买可持续的T恤，这些T恤由有机棉制成。 8.通过了解一件T恤的旅程，我们可以更加意识到我们的选择对环境的影响。 9.我们应该公平对待制作我们衣服的工人。 10.不要把你拥有的一切视为理所当然。 参考答案 1.granted 2.Although 3.is 4.is picked 练习一：完成句子 5.where;is woven 6.has become 7.which/that 8.buying 9.be treated 10.on 1.A simple cotton T-shirt,which we often take for granted,has a long journey.2.Although it looks like a basic item of clothing,the T- shirt is the result of a global supply chain. 3.One of the most surprising facts about the T shirt is that it has been worn by people from all walks of life.4.When the cotton is harvested,it is transported to a factory.5.In the factory,the cotton is spun into yarn, woven into fabric,and finally dyed and cut 练习二：翻译句子 into T-shirts.6.The T-shirt has become a symbol of globalization,as it is produced in one country and sold in another.7.Many people are now choosing to buy sustainable T shirts,which are made from organic cotton. 8.By understanding the journey of a T-shirt, we can become more aware of the impact our choices have on the environment.9.We should treat the workers who make our clothes fairly.;10.Don't take everything you have for granted. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage 1 In recent years,the concept of"fast fashion"has dominated the global clothing industy,with brands producing cheap,trendy garments at an unprecedented speed.However,the environmental and social costs associated with this model have become increasingly apparent.According to a 2023 report by the United Nations Environment Programme,the fashion industry is responsible for approximately 10%of global carbon emissions and nearly 20%of wastewater worldwide.These figures have prompted both consumers and policymakers to reconsider the way we produce and consume clothing. The production of a single cotton T-shit,for instance,requires approximately 2,700 liters of water- enough for one person to drink for two and a half years.This water is used not only for growing the cotton but also for dyeing and finishing the fabric.Moreover,the widespread use of synthetic dyes and chemical treatments has led to severe water pollution in manufacturing regions,particularly in developing countries where environmental regulations are often less strict. In response to these challenges,a growing number of fashion brands have begun to adopt sustainable practices.Some have switched to organic cotton,which uses significantly less water and no synthetic pesticides.Others have introduced recycling programs,encouraging customers to return old clothes in exchange for discounts on new purchases.Patagonia,an outdoor clothing company,has even launched a "Wom Wear"program that repairs and resells used garments,extending their lifespan and reducing waste However,critics argue that these efforts are insufficient and often serve as "greenwashing"-a marketing strategy that makes companies appear more environmentally friendly than they actually are. They point out that the most effective way to reduce the environmental impact of fashion is to buy fewer clothes and wear them for longer."The greenest garment is the one already hanging in your closet,"says fashion activist Elizabeth Cline.This perspective highlights the importance of shifting consumer behavior rather than relying solely on technological solutions or corporate initiatives. Despite the challenges,there are signs of progress.The European Union has proposed new regulations requiring fashion companies to disclose their environmental impact and ensure that products are more durable and repairable.Meanwhile,a growing number of consumers are embracing "slow fashion"-a movement that emphasizes quality over quantity,timeless design over fleeting trends,and ethical production over cheap labor.As awareness continues to grow,the future of fashion may well depend on our collective ability to balance style with sustainability. ()1.What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A.To introduce the concept of fast fashion B.To explain the environmental impact of the fashion industry C.To compare different types of clothing brands D.To describe the production process of a T-shirt ()2.According to the passage,what is "greenwashing"? A.A method of making clothes more environmentally fiiendly. B.A marketing strategy that exaggerates environmental efforts. C.A government regulation on fashion companies. D.A consumer movement to buy fewer clothes. ()3.What does Elizabeth Cline mean by "the greenest garment is the one already hanging in your closet"? A.Clothes that are green in color are the most eco-friendly. B.It is better to wear clothes you already own than to buy new ones. C.The most sustainable clothing is made from green materials. D.Old clothes are more fashionable than new ones. ()4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a sustainable practice adopted by fashion brands? A.Using organic cotton. B.Introducing recycling programs C.Reducing the price of their products. D.Repairing and reselling used garments. Passage 2 The humble shipping container-a steel box that can be stacked,loaded onto ships,and transported across oceans-has transformed the global economy in ways that its inventor,Malcolm McLean,could never have imagined.Before McLean introduced the standardized container in 1956,goods were loaded onto ships by hand,a process that was slow,expensive,and inefficient.A single ship could spend weeks in port being loaded and unloaded. McLean's innovation was deceptively simple.He realized that if goods were packed into standard-sized boxes that could be easily transferred between trucks,trains,and ships,the entire shipping process would become significantly faster and cheaper.The result was the intermodal container,which measures 20 or 40 feet in length and is designed to fit standard transportation equipment. The impact of this invention has been profound.According to a study by economist Marc Levinson,the cost of shipping goods across the oceans fell by more than 90%between 1956 and 2006.This dramatic reduction in transportation costs made global trade economically feasible for a much wider range of products.Today,approximately 90%of the world's traded goods are transported by sea,with containers carrying everything from electronics and clothing to food and machinery. However,the container revolution has not been without its downsides.The rise of containerization has been linked to the decline of manufacturing in developed countries,as companies moved production to countries with lower labor costs.It has also contributed to environmental problems,as the increase in global trade has led to higher carbon emissions from shipping.Moreover,the concentration of container shipping in a few large ports has created bottlenecks and vulnerabilities in the global supply chain,as demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic when port closures led to widespread shortages of goods. In recent years,new technologies have begun to reshape the container industry.Automated ports,which use robots and artificial intelligence to load and unload containers,are becoming increasingly common. Blockchain technology is being explored as a way to track containers more efficiently and reduce paperwork.And some companies are developing "smart"containers equipped with sensors that monitor temperature,humidity,and location,providing real-time data to shippers and customers. Despite these advances,the basic design of the shipping container has remained remarkably unchanged since McLean's original invention.This stability is itself a testament to the power of standardization.As one industry expert puts it,"The container is the unsung hero of globalization-a simple idea that changed the world." ()1.What was the main problem with shipping before the introduction of standardized containers? A.Ships were too small to cany large amounts of goods. B.Loading and unloading goods was time-consuming and expensive. C.Goods were frequently damaged during transportation D.There were not enough trucks and trains to transport goods ()2.What percentage of the world's traded goods are currently transported by sea? A.Approximately 50% B.Approximately 70%. C.Approximately 90% D.Approximately 95%. ()3.Which of the following is mentioned as a negative consequence of containerization? A.It led to higher prices for consumer goods B.It contributed to the decline of manufacturing in developed countries. C.It reduced the variety of products available globally D.It made international trade less efficient. ()4.What is the author's attitude toward the shipping container? A.Critical and skeptical. B.Enthusiastic but cautious. C.Neutral and objective. D.Admiring and appreciative 二、完形填空 Read the following passage and choose the best word for each blank. My grandfather was a carpenter by trade,and his workshop was a place of wonder for me as a child.The smell of freshly cut wood,the sight of tools neatly arranged on the walls,and the sound of his hammer creating something from nothing-these memories have stayed with me.But what I remember most is his philosophy about the things we own. "Every object has a story,"he would say,holding up a piece of fumiture he had restored."This table was once a tree that stood in a forest for fifty years.Someone planted it,someone cut it,someone transported it,and someone else tumned it into (1) you see here.Ifyou understand its joumney,you will treat it with respect." His words have become increasingly (2) in today's world of mass production and planned obsolescence.We live in an age where products are designed to be (3)and replaced rather than repaired and cherished.A smartphone that could last for a decade is often replaced after two years.A piece of clothing that costs less than a cup of coffee is wom once and then (4) The consequences of this disposable culture are(5) The world produces more than 300 million tons of plastic waste each year,much of which ends up in our oceans.Electronic waste is the fastest-growing waste stream on the planet,with only 20%being formally(6).The resources required to manufacture new products-water,minerals,energy-are being consumed at an alarming rate. But there is hope.A growing number of people are(7) the "repair movement,"which encourages fixing broken items rather than throwing them away.Repair cafes,where volunteers help people mend their belongings,have (8) in cities around the world.Online platforms like iFixit provide free guides for repairing everything from laptops to lawnmowers.And some companies are beginning to design products that are easier to repair and upgrade,recognizing that sustainability can be a competitive (9) My grandfather would be pleased.He believed that the ability to repair things was not just a practical skill but a (10) act."When you fix something,"he told me once,"you're not just saving money. You're saying that this thing matters.You're giving it another chance.And in a way,you're giving yourself another chance too. 1.A.that B.what C.which D.how 2.A.relevant B.popular C.confusing D.outdated 3.A.expensive B.durable C.disposable D.beautiful 4.A.washed B.repaired C.stored D.discarded 5.A.limited B.unclear C.staggering D.controllable 6.A.produced B.recycled C.designed D.transported 7.A.rejecting B.criticizing C.embracing D.ignoring 8.A.disappeared B.declined C.struggled D.emerged 9.A.disadvantage B.challenge C.advantage D.risk 10.A.moral B.technical C.simple D.dangerous 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the following passage and answer the questions in complete sentences The joumney ofa plastic bottle begins with crude oil,which is extracted from the ground and transported to a refinery.There,it is heated and processed into a substance called naphtha,which is then combined with natural gas to create ethylene gas.Through a process called polymerization,the ethylene gas is converted into small plastic pellets known as "nurdles."These pellets are then shipped to factories,where they are melted and molded into the shape of a bottle. Once the bottle is filled with water,soda,or another beverage,it is transported to a distribution center and eventually to a store,where it is purchased by a consumer.The average plastic bottle is used for only about 15 minutes-the time it takes to drink its contents.Then,it becomes waste. What happens next depends on where the bottle ends up.If it is placed in a recycling bin,it has a chance of being processed into new products.However,only about 30%of plastic bottles are actually recycled. The rest end up in landfills,where they can take up to 450 years to decompose,or in the environment, where they break down into tiny particles called microplastics. Microplastics have been found in the deepest parts of the ocean,in the air we breathe,and even in the food we eat.Scientists have detected them in sea salt,honey,beer,and tap water.While the health effects of consuming microplastics are not yet fully understood,there is growing concern about their potential to carry harmful chemicals and bacteria. The problem is compounded by the fact that many plastic bottles are not designed for recycling.Labels, caps,and the plastic itself often contain different types of materials that must be separated before processing.Some bottles are made from multiple layers of different plastics,making them nearly impossible to recycle efficiently. In response,several countries have introduced "bottle deposit"schemes,where consumers pay a small deposit when purchasing a drink and receive it back when they retum the empty bottle.These programs have proven highly effective in increasing recycling rates.In Germany,where such a system has been in place since 2003,the recycling rate for plastic bottles has reached over 90%.Other countries,including the United Kingdom and Australia,have adopted similar programs in recent years. Despite these efforts,many environmentalists argue that the real solution lies in reducing our reliance on single-use plastics altogether.They advocate for reusable water bottles,which can be used hundreds or even thousands of times,and for packaging made from materials that are truly biodegradable."The most sustainable bottle,"one activist noted,"is the one that is never made." 1.What raw material is used to make plastic bottles? 2.How long is the average plastic bottle used before becoming waste? 3.What percentage of plastic bottles are actually recycled? 4.What is the main argument of environmentalists regarding the plastic bottle problem? 5.What is the "bottle deposit"scheme mentioned in the passage? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The things we buy and use every day are connected to a complex web of(1) and social relationships.A simple cup of coffee,for example,involves farmers in Colombia who grow the beans, workers in Vietnam who process them,shipping companies that(2) them across the ocean,and baristas in your hometown who prepare the final drink.Each step in this chain has an (3) on the environment and on the lives of the people involved. Understanding these connections is the first step toward becoming a more(4) conscious consumer.When we know that a product we buy has been produced in a factory where workers are paid unfairly,or that its(5)has caused damage to the environment,we may think twice before making a purchase.This awareness can lead to more thoughtful choices that(6) waste and support ethical practices. One way to (7) to a more sustainable world is to buy (8) produced goods whenever possible.Food that travels a shorter distance requires less fuel for transportation and supports farmers in your own community.Similarly,choosing products with less packaging can help (9) the amount of waste that ends up in landfills. However,it is important to recognize that individual actions alone are not enough.Systemic change is also needed.Govemments can pass laws that require companies to disclose their supply chains and to pay workers fair wages.Companies can invest in more(10) methods of production and distribution.And as(11),we can use our purchasing power to support businesses that prionitize people and the planet over profit. Ultimately,the goal is not to stop (12) altogether,but to consume more wisely.By understanding the journey of the things around us,we can make choices that benefit both ourselves and the world we live in. 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 五、写作 Directions:Write an essay of 120-150 words on the following topic. In Unit 2,we have learned about the things around us and their joumeys from production to consumption Think about one everyday object that you use frequently(such as a pencil,a phone,a pair of shoes,or a backpack).Describe its joumey from raw materials to the finished product,and discuss the social and environmental impacts of this joumey.What can we,as consumers,do to make more responsible choices? Write your essay in the answer sheet.Use specific examples and details to support your points 参考答案 Passage 1:1.B 2.B 3.B4.C 一、 阅读理解 Passage 2:1.B2.C3.B4.D 二、完形填空1.B,2.A,3.C,4.D,5.C,6.B,7.C,8.D,9.C,10.A 1.Plastic bottles are made from crude oil 2.The average plastic bottle is used for only about 15 minutes. 3.Only about 30%of plastic bottles are actually recycled 三、阅读短文 回答问题 4.Environmentalists argue that the real solution lies in reducing our reliance on single- use plastics altogether. 5.A "bottle deposit"scheme is a system where consumers pay a small deposit when purchasing a diink and receive it back when they return the empty bottle. 1.economic,2.transport,3.impact 4.environmentally;5.production;6.reduce;7. 四、短文填空 contribute;8.locally;9.reduce;10.sustainable;11.consumers;12.consuming 五、写作 范文： The Joumey of a Pair of Sneakers Every morning,I put on my sneakers without a second thought.Yet these simple shoes have traveled thousands of miles to reach my feet. The joumey begins in oil fields,where petroleum is extracted to make synthetic rubber for the soles. Cotton for the fabric comes from farms that may use large amounts of water and pesticides.The materials are then shipped to factories,often in developing countries,where workers assemble each shoe by hand. From there,the finished sneakers are transported to warehouses and finally to stores. This process has significant social and environmental impacts.Factory workers sometimes face long hours and low wages,while production contributes to carbon emissions and pollution.As consumers,we can make more responsible choices by buying fewer shoes,choosing brands that use sustainable materials,and supporting companies that ensure fair working conditions.We can also repair our shoes instead of throwing them away.Every purchase is a vote for the kind of world we want to live in.