Unit 4 My space（一）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修一（沪教版）

Unit 4 My space 教材全解（一) experiment capable survive unfortunately labour- 。单元核心词汇 saving device immediately disappear regularly bomb;goods petrol boil aim narrow; 。单元同步语法 限定性定语从句的特殊用法 ⑦单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.capable/'kerpabl/adj.有能力的 词形变化：capability(m.)能力；才能；incapable(adj.)无能力的 搭配：be capable of(doing)sth.有能力做某事 辨析：able强调“能做的”；capable强调“有潜在能力或适应能力”，常与of连 用。 例句：She is capable of solving this difficult problem on her own. The new system is capable of handling thousands of requests per second. 2.survive/se'vaIv/v.生存；存活；幸存 词形变化：survival(n.）幸存；生存；survivor(m.)幸存者 搭配：survive sth.从…中幸存；survive on sth.靠…存活 例句：Only a few passengers survived the plane crash. How did the ancient people survive on such limited resources? 3.nfo1 rtunately/n'fo:tfanatli/adv.不幸地；遗憾地 词形变化：fortunate(adi.)幸运的；fortunately(adv.)幸运地；misfortune(.)不 幸 搭配：unfortunately for sb.对某人来说不幸的是 辨析：unfortunately常用于句首，表示转折或遗憾的语气；同义词regrettably。 例句：Unfortunately,.the experiment failed due to a lack of funds. He tried his best;unfortunately,he didn't win the race 4.immediately /I'i:diatli/adv.立即；马上 词形变化：immediate(adi.)立即的；直接的 搭配：immediately after/,before在…之后/之前立即 辨析：immediately强调时间上“毫无延迟”；at once语气更强；right away口语 化。 例句：The doctor came to help immediately after hearing the news. You must report any accident to the manager immediately. 5.disappear/,ds3'pIa(r)/v.消失；不见 词形变化：disappearance(.)消失；失踪；appear(v.)出现；appearance(n.)外 表；出现 搭配：disappear from sight从视线中消失；disappear into thin air突然消失 例句：The plane disappeared from the radar screen without any warning, Many traditional customs have disappeared over the years. 6.,regularly/'regjslali/adv.有规律地；经常 词形变化：regular(adj.)有规律的；regularity(n.）规律性；irregular(adj.）不规 则的 搭配：take exercise regularly定期锻炼；hold meetings regularly定期开会 辨析：regularly强调“按固定间隔”；frequently强调“频繁发生”。 例句：To stay healthy,you should eat and sleep regularly. The company reviews its safety procedures regularly. 7.boil /borl/.v.(使)沸腾：煮沸 词形变化：boiled(adj.）煮沸的；boiling(adj.)滚烫的；boiler(n.）锅炉 搭配：boil over沸溢；boil down to归结为；boiling point沸点 例句：Remember to boil the water before drinking it.. The argument boiled over into a serious conflict 8.narrow/'nera/adj.狭窄的：窄小的v.(使)变窄 词形变化：narrowly(adv.)勉强地；狭窄地；narrowness(.)狭窄 搭配：a narrow escape九死一生；narrow down缩小范围 例句：The road was too narrow for two cars to pass at the same time. We need to narrow down the list of candidates to three 9.suffer/'sAfa(r)/v.受苦；受难；受折磨 词形变化：suffering(n.)痛苦；苦难；sufferer(m.）受害者 搭配：suffer from遭受（疾病、痛苦等)；suffer loss遭受损失 例句：Many people in the area suffer from a lack of clean water. The company suffered huge losses during the economic crisis 10.argue/'a:gju:/v.论证；说理；争辩 词形变化：argument(m.)争论；论点；argumentative(adj.)好争论的 搭配：argue with sb.about//over sth.与某人争论某事；argue for/,against支持/反对 辨析：argue侧重“说理辩论”；quarrel侧重“争吵”；debate侧重“正式辩 论”。 例句：They argued for hours about the best way to solve the problem The lawyer argued that the evidence was not convincing. ll.decrease/di'ki:s/v.(使)减少；减小n.减少 词形变化：decreasing(adj.)递减的；increase(反义词)增加 搭配：decrease by减少了…；decrease to减少到… 辨析：decrease指逐渐减少；reduce指人为减少（数量、程度等）；decline指下降 (常指数量、质量等)。 例句：The population of the village has decreased by20%in ten years.. We must take measures to decrease pollution. 12.definitely/'definatli/adv.肯定；当然；确实 词形变化：definite(adj.)明确的；确定的；definition(n.)定义 搭配：definitely not绝对不是 辨析：definitely语气强，表示“毫无疑问”；certainly同义，但更口语化； absolutely语气最强。 例句：This is definitely the best movie I have seen this year. I will definitely come to your party on Friday. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The little girl is not (capable)of taking care of herself yet. 2.Many ancient species failed to (survival)the changes in climate 3. (fortunate),the missing hikers were found alive after three days. 4.The teacher asked the students to hand in their homework (immediate). 5.The old factory has been empty for years,and its windows have (appear)over time. 6.It is important to take breaks (regular)while working long hours. 7.Don't put cold water into a glass that has just (boil)water;it may crack. 8.After the accident,he had a (narrowly)escape from death. 9.People who (suffer)from high blood pressure should avoid salty food. 10.They (argument)heatedly about whether to build a new school. 11.The number of tourists has (decrease)to half of what it was last year. 12.Are you (definite)going to attend the meeting tomorrow? 13.The rescue team worked (regular)to search for survivors. 14.It is (argue)that technology has both advantages and disadvantages. l5.The water began to」 (boil)when the temperature reached 100C. Do you think you can 1. a day without your smartphone?2. _many teenagers find it almost impossible.They 3. check their phones even during class.Some 4. from anxiety if they cannot access social media for a few hours This habit can 5. their ability to focus.However,it is 6. not too late to change.Try to 7. your screen time step by step.For example,put away your phone 8. after finishing homework.You should also 9. with yourself: Is it really necessary to check the phone every ten minutes?By doing so,you may become more 10. of controlling your own time. 参考答案 1.capable;2.survive;3.Fortunately;4.immediately;5.disappeared;6.regularly (一)单句填空 7.boiled;8.narrow;9.suffer;10.argued;11.decreased;12.definitely; 13.regularly;14.arguable;15.boil (二)短文填空 1.survive;2.Unfortunately;3.regularly;4.suffer;5.decrease;6.definitely; 7.narrow;8.immediately;9.argue;10.capable A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 限定性定语从句的特殊用法 限定性定语从句的特殊用法 项目 内容 限定性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制作用，去掉后主句意思不完整或不 定义 明确。其特殊用法指在关系代词选择、省略及介词搭配等方面的特殊规 则。 ①先行词被序数词、最高级修饰 例：This is the first book that I read. ②先行词被the only,the very,the same,all,evey,no,some,any,little,, much,none等修饰 只用that的情例：It is the only thing that matters. 况（先行词为 物时) ③先行词既有人又有物 They are talking about the teacher and his teaching method that impressed us. ④先行词是不定代词(something,anything,.nothing,everything等) 例：I need everything that is necessary. ①关系代词前有介词 只用which的例：This is the pen with which I wrote the letter. 情况（先行词②先行词本身是hat或hose 为物时) 例：What is that which you have in your hand?(一般语法书不强调此点， 但高考偶有涉及，可作补充) 关系代词作宾在限制性定语从句中，关系代词(that,which,.whom)在从句中作动词宾语 语时的省略或介词宾语（介词在末尾时）可以省略。 The book (that/which)I bought yesterday is interesting. 例：The man(whom)you talked to is my teacher. 当介词位于关系代词前时，不可用hat,只能用which(指物)或whom 介词+关系 (指人)。 代词（介词提 例：This is the house in which I once lived. 前) 比较：This is the house which I once lived in.(口语化，可省略hich) >when=in/on/at which(表时间) >where=in/on/at which(表地，点) 关系副词>why=for which(表原因) when where/:I remember the day when we met.I remember the day on which we why与“介词met. +which”的转 专例：This is the factory where my father works.=This is the factory in 换 which my father works. Tell me the reason why you are late.Tell me the reason for which you are late. 考点通关 限定性定语从句的特殊用法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.The first thing we should do is to make a plan. A.which B.that C.what D.who 2.All the students passed the exam will get a prize. A.which B.whom C.that D./ 3.He is the only person can solve this problem. A.who B.which C.whom D.that 4.The pen I wrote the letter just now is missing A.with which B.which C.that D.with that 5.Is there anything I can do for you? A.which B.that C.what D.who 6.The house once belonged to a famous writer is now a museum. A.that B.which C.where D.when 7.I will never forget the days I spent with you. A.when B.that C.where D.in which 8.The reason he was absent is still unknown. A.that B.which C.why D,for that 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.I have a friend name is Jack. 2.He once showed me a photo in a small village. 3.I was deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery,made me want to go there. 4.Then he told me the reason he went there was to visit his grandparents. 5.He said the house they lived was very old but comfortable 6.The first thing he noticed when he arrived was the fresh air. 7.Everything could be seen there was natural. 8.He also showed me a pen his grandfather gave him as a gift. 9."This is the pen which I often write letters to you,"he said. 10.I hope one day I can visit the village my friend grew up. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择1.B;2.C;3.D;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.C 1.whose;2.taken;3.which;4.why;5.where;6.that; 语法专练二：语法填空 7.that;8.which;9.with;10.where 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 The 1940s House 1.The 1940s house,which was built in a small town in the south of England,has been carefully restored to show what life was like during World War Il. 结构：先行词+，+关系代词(which/who)+从句+，+主句剩余部分 中文：这座建于20世纪40年代的房子，位于英格兰南部的一个小镇，已被精心修复以 展示二战期间的生活。 用法：①非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，对先行词进行补充说明，去掉后主 句意思仍然完整。②关系代词不能用that。③指物用which,指人用who/whom。 ..has been carefully restored... 结构：has/have+been+过去分词 中文：这座房子已经被精心修复。 用法：①表示“某事已经被做完”，强调过去的动作对现在的影响，且动作承受者 作主语。②常与already,.yet,recently,.ever,never等连用。 3 ..to show what life was like during World War II. 结构：动词+连接词+主语+谓语（陈述语序) 中文：展示二战期间的生活是什么样子。 用法：①从句必须使用陈述语序。②连接词包括that,whether/if,.w-词。③注意 连接词在从句中必须充当成分。 When you step inside the house,you are immediately transported back to a time when people had to make do with very little 结构：第一个when(时间状语从句)：When+主语+谓语，主句。第二个when (定语从句)：a time when+从句。 中文：当你走进房子，你立刻被带回到一个物资匮乏的时代。 用法：①定语从句的wen只能修饰表示时间的名词。②状语从句的wen引导整 个句子，不修饰某个名词。 5.One of the most striking things about the house is that it has no modern appliances, which makes it hard to imagine how people managed without them. 结构：①One of+复数名词：谓语用单数。②is that..:表语从句。③which makes..:非限制性定语从句。 中文：房子里最令人惊讶的事情之一是没有现代电器，这让人很难想象人们没有它们 是如何生活的。 用法：①one of+名词复数→谓语用单数。②which指代前文整个事件时谓语用 单数。 O ..with furniture and fabrics that were popular at the time,giving visitors a real sense of the past. 结构：主句，+Ving短语（表示自然而然的结果) 中文：（房子）配备了当时流行的家具和布料，给游客一种真实的过去感。 用法：①现在分词短语作结果状语，表示主句动作带来的结果。②逻辑主语是主句 的主语或整个主句。③相当于which gives.或so that it gives. 7.Many of the items in the house are being donated by local families. 结构：am/is/are+being+过去分词 中文：房子里的许多物品正被当地家庭捐赠。 用法：①表示“此时此刻正在被做”。②主语是动作的承受者，强调动作正在进 行。 8 ..learn about the history of the period. 结构：动词/介词+that/wh-从句（陈述语序） 中文：了解那段时期的历史。 用法：注意that引导定语从句时，在从句中作宾语可以省略。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The 1940s house (careful restore)to show life during the war. 2.When you step inside,you (transport)back to the past. 3.It is hard (imagine)how people managed without electricity. 4.The furniture in the house (make)in the 1940s. 5.One of the most striking features of the house (be)the lack of modern appliances. 6.Many items (donate)by local families right now. 7.The house (visit)by thousands of students each year. 8.The rooms are decorated (give)visitors a real sense of history. 9.We should understand the sacrifices that people (make)during the war. 10. (explore)the 1940s house helps us understand the past. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.这座建于20世纪40年代的房子已经被精心修复。 2.一走进房子，你就立刻被带回到一个物资匮乏的时代。 3.最令人惊讶的事情之一是房子里没有现代电器。 4.这些房间以20世纪40年代的风格装饰，给游客一种真实的过去感。 5.许多物品正由当地家庭捐赠。 6.这座房子现在是个博物馆，经常有学生团体来参观。 7.通过探索这座20世纪40年代的房子，我们可以更好地理解人们所做的牺牲。 8.人们不得不靠很少的东西勉强度日。 9.这让我很难想象没有现代设备人们是如何生活的。 10.这些牺牲塑造了我们今天生活的世界。 参考答案 1.has been carefully restored;2.are transported;3.to imagine; 练习一：完成句子 4.was made;5.is;6.are being donated;7.is visited;8.giving; 9.made;10.Exploring 练习二：翻译句子 1.The house built in the 1940s has been carefully restored.; 2.When you step inside the house,you are immediately transported back to a time when people had to make do with very little.;3.One of the most surprising things is that the house has no modern appliances.;4.The rooms are decorated in the style of the 1940s,giving visitors a real sense of the past.;5.Many of the items are being donated by local families.;6.The house,which is now a museum,is often visited by school groups.;7.By exploring the 1940s house,we can better understand the sacrifices that people made.;8.People had to make do with very little.;9.This makes it hard to imagine how people lived without modern appliances.;10.These sacrifices shaped the world we live in today. 教材同步单元练习 一、 阅读理解 A In an age where digital devices dominate our lives,the concept of\"personal space\"has taken on a new dimension.We no longer simply have physical spaces we call our own;we now possess digital tenitories that require just as much maintenance and protection.Yet,unlike our physical spaces,these digital realms are constantly under siege from notifications,messages,and the endless scroll of social media feeds. Dr.Sarah Chen,a psychologist at Stanford University,has been studying the psychological impact of digital intusion on personal space for over a decade."What we're seeing,"she explains,\"is a fundamental shift in how people perceive boundaries.The traditional idea of'my space has expanded to include not just our bedrooms and desks,but our phones,our social media profiles,and our online presence.When someone invades these spaces-whether through an unwanted message,a tagged photo,or a shared post-it can feel as violating as someone entering our physical home without permission.\" The research team conducted a study involving 2,000 participants across various age groups.They found that 78%of respondents reported feeling anxious when unable to check their phones within an hour of waking up.More strikingly,63%said they considered their smartphone to be\"an extension of their personal identity\"-a space so intimate that lending it to someone else felt like sharing a diary This phenomenon is particularly pronounced among Generation Z,those born after 1996,who have never known a world without the intemet.For them,the boundaries between physical and digital space are almost nonexistent.\"My room is my sanctuary,\says 17-year-old Maya Thompson,\"but my phone is my soul.If someone reads my messages without permission,I feel exposed-more exposed than if they walked into my room unannounced." The implications of this shift are profound.Workplace policies that once focused on physical privacy now need to address digital boundaries.Schools are grappling with whether they have the right to monitor students'online activities.Relationships are being redefined by expectations of digital availability-how quickly one responds to a text message has become a measure of emotional investment. However,Dr.Chen cautions against viewing this solely as a problem.\"The blurring of boundaries also offers opportunities for connection that previous generations couldn't imagine.The key lies in establishing healthy digital boundaries-knowing when to close the door on the digital world and reclaim your physical and mental space.\" Companies are beginning to respond to this need.Some tech firms have introduced \"focus modes\"and "digital wellbeing\"features that allow users to set boundaries for themselves.The "Do Not Disturb!" function,once a novelty,has become essential.Yet Dr.Chen argues that technological solutions alone are insufficient.\"We need a cultural shift-a recognition that constant availability is not a virtue,and that respecting someone's digital space is as important as respecting their physical home." As we navigate this new terrain,the question becomes not whether our digital spaces matter,but how we can protect them without losing the connections they enable.The answer,perhaps,lies in rediscovering the ancient wisdom of balance-knowing when to open the door and when to keep it closed. ()1.According to the passage,what has happened to the concept of\"personal space\"in the digital age? A.It has become less important than physical space. B.It has expanded to include digital teritories. C.It has been replaced by social media presence. D.It has become easier to protect and maintain. ()2.What did Dr.Chen's research find about people's relationship with their smartphones? A.Most people feel comfortable lending their phones to others. B.Over 60%of participants view their phones as part of their identity C.Anxiety about phone checking is highest among older generations. D.Physical privacy remains more important than digital prvacy. ()3.The word \"pronounced\"in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to: A.spoken B.noticeable C.declared D.unusual ()4.What is Dr.Chen's overall attitude toward the bluming of digital and physical boundaries? A.Strongly critical B.Completely supportive C.Balanced and practical D.Deeply concemed ()5.What does Dr.Chen suggest is needed beyond technological solutions? A.Sticter government regulations B.A change in social attitudes C.More advanced phone features D.Separate devices for work and personal use B The concept of\"space\"extends far beyond our immediate surroundings.In architecture and urban planning,the way we design spaces profoundly influences how we interact,feel,and behave.This understanding has given rise to a field known as\"environmental psychology,which examines the relationship between humans and their spatial environments. One of the most influential figures in this field was Danish architect Jan Gehl,who spent decades studying how public spaces function in cities.His groundbreaking work in Copenhagen during the 1960s and 1970s demonstrated that when streets are designed for people rather than cars,social interaction increases dramatically.Gehl's observations led to a simple but powerful principle:good spaces invite people to linger,bad spaces make them want to leave. The principles Gehl identified have since been applied to the design of everything from office buildings to hospitals to schools.In educational settings,research has shown that classroom layout significantly affects learning outcomes.Flexible fumiture arrangements that allow for both individual work and group collaboration have been found to improve student engagement by up to 25%.Natural lighting,access to outdoor views,and appropriate color schemes all contribute to what designers call \"spatial wellbeing." Perhaps nowhere is the impact of space more evident than in healthcare environments.Studies have demonstrated that patients in rooms with windows overlooking gardens or natural scenes recover faster, require less pain medication,and report higher satisfaction with their care.This phenomenon,known as \biophilic design,recognizes humans'innate connection to nature and seeks to incorporate natural elements into built environments. The home,however,remains our most intimate space-the one over which we have the most control. Yet the modem home presents its own challenges.Open-plan layouts,popular since the mid-20th century, have been celebrated for promoting family togethemess but criticized for eliminating private retreats.The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted this tension as millions of people found themselves working,schooling. and living in the same few rooms,bluning the boundaries that once separated different aspects of their lives. Interior designer Marie Kondo has built a career around helping people create spaces that spark joy.Her KonMani method emphasizes keeping only items that\"spark joy "and organizing them in ways that make them visible and accessible.While some dismiss her approach as simplistic,research supports the idea that cluttered spaces contibute to stress and reduced cognitive function.A study from Princeton University found that when people's environments were disorganized,their ability to focus and process information was significantly impaired. For young people particularly,the bedroom often serves as a multifunctional space-a sanctuary from the outside world,a study area,a social hub (increasingly through digital means),and a place for rest and reflection.The way teenagers personalize their spaces-through posters,lighting,furniture arrangement, and the display of meaningful objects-represents an important process of identity formation. The challenge for modern space design lies in balancing competing needs:openness versus privacy, connection versus solitude,stimulation versus calm.There is no one-size-fits-all solution,as individual preferences vary widely.What works for an extrovert may feel suffocating to an introvert,what inspires creativity in one person may cause anxiety in another. As we continue to refine our understanding ofhow space shapes us,one thing becomes clear:our environments are not neutral backdrops to our lives but active participants in shaping who we are and how we feel.The spaces we inhabit-whether physical or digital,public or private-deserve our thoughtful attention. ()1.What did Jan Gehl's research in Copenhagen demonstrate? A.Cities should prioritize car traffic over pedestrian spaces. B.People-oriented street design increases social interaction C.Environmental psychology is not applicable to urban planning. D.Public spaces have little impact on how people behave ()2.What does \"biophilic design\"refer to in the passage? A.Designing spaces that are biologically safe B.Incorporating natural elements into built environments. C.Creating spaces that are energy-efficient. D.Using plants as the main decorative elements ()3.According to the passage,what impact did the COVID-19 pandemic have on home spaces? A.It encouraged more people to move to larger homes B.It highlighted the tension between openness and privacy. C.It eliminated the need for separate work and living spaces. D.It made open-plan layouts more popular than ever. 二、完形填空 When Emma first moved into her college dormitory,she was excited about having her own space for the first time.Her room was small-just enough for a bed,a desk,and a closet-but it was (1) She spent weeks decorating it,hanging posters of her favorite bands,arranging her books on the shelf, and placing a small plant on the windowsill.\"This is my (2) ,"she told her mother on the phone.\"My little world.\" However,the (3) ofliving with a roommate soon became apparent.Her roommate,Lily,had a very different (4) of what constituted shared space.Emma's side of the room was neat and organized,with everything in its(5) place.Lily's side,by contrast,was a chaotic mix of clothes,textbooks,and snack wrappers.More(6) ,Lily often used Emma's desk when she wasn't there,left her things on Emma's bed,and played music late at night without headphones Emma tried to be understanding.\"Maybe she's just(7) to sharing a room,\she thought.But as weeks passed,the situation (8) One evening,Emma retumned from class to find Lily's friends sitting on her bed,eating pizza and laughing loudly.Her desk was covered with their belongings. Something inside her (9) "I need my space,"Emma said quietly,but firmly. Lily looked up,surprised.\"What do you mean?We're just hanging out. \"This is my room too,\"Emma continued,her voice(10).\"I need you to respect my boundaries.Please don't use my desk without asking.And please keep your fiiends off my bed." There was an awkward silence.Then Lily's friends (11)their things and left.Lily looked embarrassed.V"I'm sony,\"she said.\"I didn't realize I was (12) you." That conversation became a turning point.They established some basic(13) no using each other's belongings without permission,quiet hours after 10 PM,and keeping common areas clean.It wasn't always easy,but they learned to (14)By the end of the year,Emma realized that having her own space wasn't just about physical boundaries-it was about(15) those boundanies with the people around you. 1.A.hersB.sharedC.emptyD.perfect 2.A.sanctuaryB.prisonC.classroomD.office 3.A.benefitsB.challengesC.advantagesD.possibilities 4.A.definitionB.opinionC.preferenceD.understanding 5.A.properB.wrongC.usualD.fixed 6.A.importantlyB.fiustratinglyC.unfortunatelyD.surprisingly 7.A.usedB.newC.readyD.slow 8.A.improvedB.worsenedC.remainedD.changed 9.A.brokeB.hurtC.snappedD.ached 10.A.risingB.shakingC.droppingD.failing 11.A.packedB.gatheredC.collectedD.grabbed 12.A.botheringB.ignoringC.pleasingD.helping 13.A.rulesB.lawsC.rightsD.traditions 14.A.cooperateB.competeC.argueD.separate 15.A.avoidingB.negotiatingC.defendingD.removing 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the following passage and answer the questions in complete sentences. The concept of \"personal spacel"varies dramatically across cultures,and understanding these differences has become increasingly important in our globalized world.What feels comfortable and respectful in one culture may feel invasive or cold in another. Anthropologist Edward T.Hall first systematically studied these differences in the 1960s,dividing personal space into four distinct zones:intimate distance(0-45 cm),personal distance(45-120 cm),social distance(120-360 cm),and public distance(over 360 cm).However,Hall emphasized that these measurements are based on North American norms and vary significantly in other cultures. In many Latin American and Middle Eastern cultures,for example,close physical proximity is normal and expected during conversation.People stand closer,touch more frequently,and maintain more direct eye contact than what North Americans or Northern Europeans consider comfortable.A person from Saudi Arabia might stand close enough to feel another person's breath during a conversation-a distance that would make many Japanese or British people extremely uncomfortable. Japan presents a fascinating case study in spatial relationships.Japanese culture places high value on personal space in crowded environments-hence the development ofintricate systems to maintain psychological distance even when physical distance is unavoidable.The \"bowing culture\"serves partly to regulate spatial relationships,the depth and duration of a bow communicate social distance.In public transportation,designated \"women-only cars\"on some train lines address concerns about unwanted proximity.The concept of\"mal"(),a Japanese aesthetic principle,describes the meaningful space between things-not just physical space but temporal and relational space as well. Northern European cultures typically require larger personal bubbles.In Finland,for instance,people maintain greater physical distance during conversation and may feel uncomfortable with casual touch from acquaintances.Finnish bus stops famously feature more widely spaced waiting positions than those in Southern Europe.This preference for distance does not indicate coldness but rather a different cultural understanding ofhow respect and consideration are expressed. These differences become particularly noticeable in international business settings.A German executive who maintains a desk between themselves and a visitor may be establishing a comfortable professional boundary,a Brazilian counterpart might interpret the same behavior as unfiiendly or distrustful. Misunderstandings are common and can affect business relationships. The COVID-19 pandemic temporarily disrupted many of these cultural norms.Social distancing requirements initially felt natural to cultures that already preferred greater physical distance but required significant adjustment in cultures where close contact is the norm.However,as restrictions ease,many cultures are returning to their traditional spatial practices,suggesting that cultural preferences for personal space are deeply ingrained and resistant to permanent change. For individuals navigating cross-cultural interactions,the key is awareness and flexibility.Observing how locals interact,following their lead,and communicating openly about comfort levels can prevent misunderstandings.A simple,\"Is this distance comfortable for you?\"can bridge significant cultural gaps. As the world becomes more interconnected,spatial intelligence-the ability to read and respond appropriately to others'spatial needs-has become an essential skill 1.What did Edward T.Hall study and what were his findings about personal space zones? 2.How does Japanese culture handle the challenge of maintaining personal space in crowded environments? 3.According to the passage,why might a Finnish person and a Brazilian person have different reactions to close physical proximity during conversation? 4.What impact did the COVID-19 pandemic have on cultural norms regarding personal space? 5.What does the author suggest individuals should do to navigate cross-cultural differences in personal space? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As I walked into my new apartment for the first time,I felt a mixture of excitement and anxiety.The space was small but (1) mine.After years of sharing rooms with siblings and then with college roommates,I finally had a place I could call my own.The walls were bare,the floor was empty,but I could already see the (2) My mother had always said that a person's living space reflects their inner world,and I was beginning to understand what she meant.I spent the first weekend (3) furniture,hanging pictures,and organizing my bookshelves.Each item I placed seemed to cany meaning-the rug from my grandmother's house,the posters from concerts I'd attended,the photographs of friends(4) had shared so many experiences. The kitchen,though tiny,became my favorite spot.I found that cooking in my own space was somehow different-more(5).I could leave ingredients on the counter without anyone(6) play music as loud as I wanted,and eat at any hour without disturbing anyone. But having my own space also meant taking (7) There was no one else to clean the bathroom, no one to remind me to take out the trash,no one to blame when things went wrong.I had to leamn to manage my time and my environment. The greatest challenge,(8) was not the housework but the solitude.In a shared space,there is always background noise-the sound of someone else living their life.In my own apartment,the silence could be deafening.I leamed to fill the space intentionally:with music,with phone calls to fiiends,with the sound of my own thoughts. Now,months later,I've come to see my apartment not just as a physical space but as a representation of my growth.It is a space that I have shaped,and(9) tum,has shaped me.Every comer tells a story of(10) made and lessons learned.My space is,finally,truly mine. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你所在的学校正在开展"My Ideal Personal Space\"主题征文话动。请你写一篇英 语短文投稿，内容包括： 1.描述你理想中的个人空间（如房间、书房、角落等）的样子： 2.解释这个空间对你来说意味着什么； 3.谈谈你将如何创建和维护这个空间。 注意： 1.写作词数应为100词左右： 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯： 3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 My Ideal Personal Space 参考答案 A篇：1.B2.B3.B4.C5.B 一、 阅读理解 B篇：1.B2.B3.B 1.A2.A3.B4.D5.A6.B7.B8.B9.C10.B 二、完形填空 11.B12.A13.A14.A15.B 三、阅读短文回答问题 1.Edward T.Hall studied personal space differences across cultures.He divided personal space into four zones (intimate,personal,social,and public distance)but emphasized that these measurements are based on North American norms and vary significantly in other cultures. 2.Japanese culture handles the challenge by developing intricate systems to maintain psychological distance even when physical distance is unavoidable.Examples include the \"bowing culture\"to regulate spatial relationships,\"women- only cars\"on trains,and the concept of\"mal" (meaningful space between things). 3.A Finnish person might feel uncomfortable with close physical proximity because Northem European cultures typically require larger personal bubbles.In contrast,a Brazilian person would be accustomed to closer distance because in many Latin American cultures,close physical proximity is normal and expected during conversation. 4.The pandemic temporarily disrupted many cultural norms regarding personal space.Social distancing requirements felt natural to cultures that already preferred greater physical distance but required significant adjustment in cultures where close contact is the norm.However,as restrictions ease,many cultures are returning to their traditional spatial practices. 5.The author suggests individuals should develop awareness and flexibility.Specifically,they should observe how locals interact,follow their lead, communicate openly about comfort levels,and develop "spatial intelligence\"-the ability to read and respond appropriately to others'spatial needs. 1.definitely 2.possibilities 3.arranging 4.with 5. 四、短文填空 satisfying 6.complaining 7.responsibility 8. however 9.in 10.decisions 五、写作 参考范文： My Ideal Personal Space My ideal personal space would be a small but cozy study room with a large window facing a garden.The room would have a wooden desk by the window,a comfortable armchair for reading,and shelves filled with my favorite books.Soft lighting and a few green plants would create a calm atmosphere. This space means more than just a room to me.It represents my sanctuary-a place where I can escape from the outside world,reflect on my thoughts,and recharge my energy.It is where I can be completely myself,free from judgment or interruption.