Unit 3 To be a good learner-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（译林版）

Unit 3 To be a good learner 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★副词比较级和最高级的构成与用法 ★反身代词的用法与搭配 语法精讲精练一 1.副词的定义与功能 定义：副词(Adverb)是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子的词，表示时间、 地点、方式、程度、频率等。 核心考点：副词在句中主要作状语，不能作定语或表语。这是与形容词最本质的区别。 2.副词比较级和最高级的构成规则 副词比较级和最高级的构成与形容词类似，但要注意部分副词的变化有特殊性。 类型 构成规则 举例 规则变化 (单音节及 fast→faster→fastest/early→earlier→ 比较级加-er,最高级加-est 部分双音节 earliest 副词) 规则变化 (多音节及 carefully→more carefully→most 比较级加more,最高级加most 部分双音节 carefully 副词) 不规则变化 特殊记忆 wel→better→best/badly→worse→ worst/much→more→most/little→ less→least/far→farther/further→ farthest/furthest ★易错提醒： 副词late和hard是规则变化：late→later→latest;hard→harder→hardest。. 副词fast既是形容词也是副词，比较级为faster,不是more fast。. 形容词fiiendly变成副词为friendlily但很少用，通常用in a friendly way;不过fiiendly本 身可作形容词，副词比较级仍用more fiiendly或riendlier?注意：riendly作为形容词时 比较级是fiiendlier,最高级fiiendliest;但作为副词（较少见）用more fiiendly。初中阶段 一般不考，了解即可。 3.副词原级、比较级、最高级的基本用法 (1)原级用法（两种比较结构） 肯定原级比较：as+副词原级+as（和…一样…) 例：Tom runs as fast as Mike.(汤姆跑得和迈克一样快。) 否定原级比较：not as/so+副词原级+as（不如…) 例：She doesn't sing as well as her sister.(她唱得不如她姐姐好。) 中考考点：否定句中as.…as可替换为so.as,但肯定句只能用asas。 (2)比较级用法（两者之间比较） 结构：副词比较级+han(比…更…) 例：He works harder than before.（他比以前工作更努力。) 特殊结构：he+比较级+主语+谓语，he+比较级+主语+谓语（越…， 越…) 例：The more you practice,the better you will speak.（你练习得越多，说得越好。) 中考考点：比较级前可加much/even/a little/alot/far等表示程度，注意不可加veyo 例：She dances much more gracefully than me.（她跳舞比我优雅得多。) (3)最高级用法（三者或三者以上比较） 结构：he+副词最高级+比较范围(in/of.) 注意：副词最高级前的h©可省略（口语甚至书面语中常省略），但形容词最高级必须加 theo 例：Hens(he)fastest in his class.(他在班里跑得最快。) 例：Among all the students,Tom studies(仙e)hardest.(在所有学生中，汤姆学习最努力。) 特殊结构：one of the+最高级+复数名词？注意：副词最高级不能这样用，因为副词不 修饰名词，该结构只适用于形容词最高级。 中考易错：“最…之一”只能用于形容词最高级，副词最高级无此用法。 正确：He is one of the most hard-working students.（形容词最高级) 错误：He1 is one of the fastest.（但可以说He runs one of the fastest runners?实际上uner是名 词，需形容词修饰。所以副词最高级不能接“one of结构。) 4.易混考点辨析（中考必考） 对比项 形容词比较级/最高级 副词比较级/最高级 句法功能 作定语、表语、补语 作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词 最高级前the 必须加the 可加可不加（常不加） 修饰对象 名词/代词 动词/形容词/副词 She sings more beautifully than me. 典型例句 She is more beautiful than me.（表语) 饰sings) fast/hard/early/late等既是形容词也 部分同型词 同左，但考点常在词性转换 是副词，要注意区分句法位置 ★重点不规则副词变形： wel1(好地)→better→best(注意wel作形容词表示“身体好的”时比较级也是better) bady(糟糕地)→worse→worst much（非常地/多地)→more→most little（少地)→less→least far(远地)→farther(更远，具体距离)/fuurther(进一步，抽象)一farthest/furthest 5.使用注意事项（中考高频陷阱） 副词比较级前后主语要一致，有时为避免重复用that/hose代替。例：The weather here is colder than that in Beijing.（但副词比较级较少涉及，形容词更常见。) 比较级+and+比较级：表示“越来越.”。例：He ran faster and faster..(他跑得越来越 快。) 最高级范围介词：n（在…范围之内，地点/群体)，of（在…之中，个体)。例：He works hardest in our group./He works hardest of all. 副词much修饰比较级，不要混淆。例：much better(好得多)，不能用very better。 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，共三大题，每大题8-10小题） (一)单项选择（每题1分，共10分） 1.-Who can run in your class? A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.more fast 2.She practices English than before,so her pronunciation is getting better. A.hard B.harder C.hardest D.more hardly 3.-Does he write as as his sister? A.careful B.carefully C.more careful D.more carefully 4.Of all the students,Lily got up this morning because she was too tired. A.late B.later C.latest D.the latest 5.The rain was falling We had to stay at home A.heavy B.heavier C.heavily D.more heavily 6.-Which season do you like summer or winter? A.good B.better C.best D.well 7.The more you read,the you will understand. A.good B.well C.better D.best 8.He did his homework than any other student in the class. A.carefully B.more carefully C.most carefully D.the most carefully 9.-Does your mother get up early? A.early B.earlier C.earliest D.the earliest 10.This new machine works than the old one A.well B.better C.best D.much well (二)语法填空（每空1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，根据括号内提示，用适当的副词形式填空。 My brother is a student.He studies 1 (hard)than I do.Every moming,he gets up 2. (early)to read English.He can speak English 3 (fluent)than before. Last week,we had a running race.He ran 4. (fast)among all the players and won first prize. He felt very proud.But he knows he must train 5. (much)than before to keep his level In his free time,he plays the violin.He practices 6. (careful)every day.He says the 7. (hard)he practices,the 8. (good)he will play.He wants to be a musician in the future. I think I should learn from him.I need to get up 9. (early)and work 10. (hard)from now on. (三)完成句子（每空0.5分，共10分） 根据中文提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 1.他跑得和他爸爸一样快。He1uns his father. 2.在所有的男孩中，Tom跳得最高。Tom jumps of all the boys 3你练习得越多，写得就越好。 you practice, you will write. 4.她比以前唱歌唱得好多了。She sings than before. 5.请再仔细一点读这个句子。Please1 ead this sentence 6.他每天起床最早。He gets up every day. 7.这个女孩跳舞不如那个女孩优美。The girl doesn't dance that one. 8.他开车越来越小心了。He drives 9.在所有科目中，他数学学得最好。He learns math all the subjects. 10.你能说得更慢一些吗？Can you speak 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.C;6.B;7.C;8.B;9.A;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.harder 2.earlier 3.more fluently 4.fastest 5.more 6.carefully 7.harder 填空 8.better 9.earlier 10.harder 1.as fast as 2.(the)highest 3.The more;the better 4.much better 5.more (三)完成 carefully 6.(the)earliest 7.as/so beautifully as 8.more and more carefully 9.(the) 句子 best in 10.more slowly 语法精讲精练二 1.反身代词的定义与形式 反身代词(Reflexive Pronoun))表示“自己”“自身”，用来指代句中的主语或宾语，强 调动作由主语发出并作用于主语本身。它由“人称代词所有格/宾格+self/selves'”构成。 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself(我自己) ourselves(我们自己) 第二人称 yourself(你自己) yourselves (你们自己) himself(他自己)herself themselves(他们/她们/它们 第三人称 (她自己)tslf(它自己) 自己) 2.反身代词的三大核心用法 (1)作宾语（动作回到主语自身） 直接宾语：动词后直接跟反身代词，表示主语对自己做某事。 例：I taught myself English.(我自学英语。) 例：She cut herself when cooking.(她做饭时割伤了自己。) 常见动词：teach,enjoya,hurt,cut,kill,introduce,dress,wash,look at,express 等。 介词宾语：常与by/for/to等介词搭配。 例：He did it by himself.(他独自完成的。) 例：She bought a gift for herself.(她给自己买了礼物。) by oneself=alone(独自地)；for oneself(为自己)；to oneself(暗自地) (2)作同位语（加强语气，位置灵活) 直接放在名词/代词后，或句末，强调“亲自”“本人”。 例：The teacher himself answered the question.（老师亲自回答了问题。) 例：I made the cake myself.(我自己做的蛋糕。) 作同位语时反身代词不充当句子主要成分，去掉后句子仍完整。 (3)固定搭配（中考高频） enjoy oneself=have a good time(玩得开心) help oneself to..(自取…；请随便吃…) make oneself understood(清楚表达自己) lose oneself in=be lost in(陶醉于…) come to oneself(苏醒；恢复意识) express oneself(表达自己) 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考) (1)反身代词不能单独作主语 ☐yself went to school.(错误) √I went to school myself.(正确) (2)反身代词与主语的对应一致 句子的主语与反身代词必须人称、数一致。 例：You should be proud of yourself..() 口You should be proud of yourselves.(若主语是you单数，应用yourself;若主语是you复 数，用yourselves。需根据上下文判断。) (3)反身代词与宾格代词的区别 宾语代词的动作用在不同的人身上，反身代词则作用于主语自身。 例：He taught him English.（他教他英语→him是另一个人) 例：He taught himself English.(他自学英语→himself是自己) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-Who taught to swim? A.you;me B.yourself;myself C.you;myself D.yourself;me 2.The children enjoyed at the party yesterday. A.themselves B.themself C.them D.their 3.-Be careful,Tom!Don't hurt A.you B.your C.yourself D.yours 4.The little cat is too young to look after A.it B.itself C.itself D.themselves 5.-Would you like some more bread? -No,thanks.I can help to the cake. A.me B.my C.myself D.mine 6.I hope everyone can well in the coming trip. A.enjoy yourself B.enjoy yourselves C.enjoy themselves D.enjoy him 7.The door opened by Nobody pushed it. A.itself B.himself C.herself D.themselves 8.-Did you buy the dress for 2 A.yourself B.you C.her D.himself 9.The old man lived in a small house,but he didn't feel A.alone;alone B.lonely;lonely C.alone;lonely D.lonely;alone 10.To keep safe,we must not let the little boy go out by A.himself B.him C.his D.itself (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的反身代词或所给单词的适当形式。 Last Sunday,my family went to the park.We enjoyed 1 (we)very much.My little brother Mike tried to climb a tree,but he hurt 2. (he).My father helped him and said,"Be careful with 3.(you)next time."Mike nodded. Later,we had a picnic.Mum told us to help 4. (we)to the food.I took out a book and read 5. _(①）quietly under a tree.④y sister taught6. (she)to play the guitar last summer,and she played a nice song for us In the afternoon,we went boating.My parents rowed the boat by 7. (they) Suddenly,a strong wind came.We tried to make 8.(we)stay calm.Finally,we got back to the shore safely What a wonderful day!I think everyone should enjoy 9. (they)more often.After all,we need to relax 10. (we)once in a while. (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.你在派对上玩得开心吗？ Did you at the party? 2这个小孩太小了，不能自己穿衣服。 The child is too young to dress 3.他们自己建了一座房子。 They built a house 4.请不要客气，随便吃些水果。 Please to some fruit. 5她自言自语道：“我该怎么办？” She said to ,"What should I do?" 6.他把自己锁在房间里，没有人能进去。 He locked in the room,and nobody could go in 7.我们必须学会表达自己。 We must learn to 8.他独自一人完成了这项工作。 He finished the work 9.那些孩子沉浸在游戏里，忘了回家时间。 Those children in the game and forgot the time to go home. 10.你最好亲自去看看那部电影。 You'd better go and see the movie 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.C;2.A;3.C;4.B;5.C;6.C;7.A;8.A;9.C;10.A (二)语法 1.ourselves 2.himself 3.yourself 4.ourselves 5.myself 6.herself 填空 7.themselves ;8.ourselves 9.themselves 10.ourselves (三)完成 1.enjoy yourself 2.himself 3.by themselves 4.help yourself 5.herself 句子 6.himself 7.express ourselves ;8.by himself ;9.lost themselves 10.yourself