Unit3-4宾语从句学案2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册
1. 什么是宾语？
宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。
I like my teacher.（名词作宾语）
I enjoy playing basketball.（动名词作宾语）
I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）
I know him.（代词作宾语）
练习：圈出下列句子中的宾语
1. I love English.
2. She finished her homework yesterday.
3. They play basketball after school.
4. My mother cooks dinner every day.
5. We need more time.
6. Tom bought a new pen.
7. Lucy likes listening to music.
We know him. (简单句)
We know that he plays basketball well. (复合句)
在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。
- 宾语从句的句法功能
①作动词，动词短语的宾语，大多数及物动词都可以接宾语从句
He wanted to know when we would have the English party.
②作介词的宾语，介词后常用whether、which、whom引导宾语从句
It all depends on whether it will be fine next week.
③作主系表结构中表语的形容词的宾语，主系表结构中多用表示情感态度的形容词
I am sure that he will succeed soon.
练习：划出下列句子中的宾语从句。
1.I don't know if he will come tonight.
2.Let's find out what's going on.
3.We know that we should go home.
4.They are talking about whether it will rain tomorrow
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①that引导的宾语从句
He said (that) he could finish his work before supper. （肯定句）
I think (that) the Water Festival is not fun. （否定句）
结构：主语+谓语动词+(that)+宾从(肯定句、否定句)
📌注释：that引导宾语从句时，在句中无实际意义，不充当任何成分，可以省略。
②if/whether引导的宾语从句
I don't know whether he will come home for the festival or not. (一般疑问句，陈述语序)
I wonder if they’ll have the races again next year. (一般疑问句，陈述语序)
if和whether引导的句子在语义上是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。
结构：主语+谓语动词+ whether/if+宾从(一般疑问句，陈述语序)
一般情况下，if或whether引导宾语从句时，不作句子成分，但不能省略。作“是否”讲，两者可互换。在口语中多用if, 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether：
- 与or not 连用时用whether。
I don’t know whether or not they will come.
- 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。
I can’t decide whether to stay.
- 在介词后通常用whether。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
练习：把下面两个句子合并成一个含有宾语从句的复合句。
1. Do you know? His father is a doctor.
2. Do you know? Is his father a doctor?
3. Is Jim a good student? I don't know.
③连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom 等)
连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which可引导宾语从句，它们在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
I don’t know who will teach us chemistry.（作主语）
I wonder what I need to prepare next.（作宾语）
We wonder whose this car is.（作表语）
Could you tell me which bus I can take to the art museum?（作定语）
④连接副词when, where, how, why
可引导宾语从句，它们在从句中作状语。
Can you tell me when she will be back? （时间状语)
Could you tell me where I can buy the textbook? （地点状语)
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He didn’t know how he could get there. （方式状语)
We want to know why he was late for school again. （原因状语)
注意：含有宾语从句的句子的句末标点由主句决定。
（2）时态
►Danny says that he will learn English.
►Do you know where he came from?
►Please tell me how I can get to the bus station.
若主句是一般现在时，从句时态不受限制，视情况而定。 （主现从不限）
►Lin Tao thought the TV play was very boring.
►She didn’t know that Tom had left for Shanghai.
若主句是一般过去时，从句一般用过去的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）； （主过从也过）
► He told me (that) summer is after spring.
►The teacher tells us that the earth moves around the sun.
►He said to me light travels faster than sound.
当宾语从句是客观真理或自然规律时，无论主句是什么时态，宾语从句都用一般现在时。 （客观真理永现在）
宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序。即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”
5. 宾语从句的特殊规则
（一）否定转移
1.适用条件：主句主语为第一人称 I/We，谓语动词为 think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine 等表示主观想法的动词
2.规则：从句的否定含义，转移至主句谓语动词前，从句用肯定形式
例：I don't think he is right.（我认为他不对。）
3.反义疑问句：此类句子的反义疑问句，疑问部分与从句保持一致
例：I don't think he is right, is he?
（二）宾语从句的简化
1.简化条件：主句主语与从句主语一致，且从句由特殊疑问词/if/whether引导
2.简化结构：引导词 + 动词不定式（to do）
例：
I don't know what I should do. → I don't know what to do.
She can't decide where she will go. → She can't decide where to go.
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