Unit 7 The natural world-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（译林版）

Unit 7 The natural world 语法专项 章 语法概览 ☆五大基本句型结构() ★并列连词and/but/or/so的用法 语法精讲精练一 1.第四种句型：主谓双宾(S+V+IO+DO) 五大基本句型是英语句子的骨架。本讲聚焦第四种（主谓双宾）和第五种（主谓宾宾补）句 型，这两类句型在阅读和写作中高频出现，也是中考语法填空和完成句子的重点。 术语 含义 说明 主语(S) 动作的发出者 人或物 表示“给予、告知、展示”等传递意义 常用动词：give,pass,show,tell,buy, 谓语(V) 的及物动词 make,send,teach,offer 间接宾语 动作的接受者（通常指人） 位于直接宾语之前 (10) 直接宾语 动作的承受者（通常指物） (D0) 位于间接宾语之后 结构公式： 主语+动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物） 例句： My father bought me a new bike (主：father;谓：bought;间宾：me;直宾：a new bike) The teacher showed us some pictures. (主：teacher;谓：showed;间宾：us;直宾：some pictures) 核心考点 说明及示例 当直接宾语提前时，间接宾语前需加介词to或for。to(表示方向/接受)：give, √双宾语位 pass,show,send,tel,lend等。for(表示目的/受益)：buy,make,cook,get,find, 置互换 draw等。例：He gave me a book.→He gave a book to me./She bought me a cake, She bought a cake for me. ★易错点 介词不可乱用。如：tell sth.tosb.(V)/tell sth.for sb.（X) √常用动词 +to:give,pass,show,send,tell,lend,offer,throw +for:buy,make,cook,get,find, 分类记忆 draw,order,choose 口诀： 授受动词双宾跟，人间物后顺序分。 直宾提前加介词，to表方向for表恩。 2.第五种句型：主谓宾宾补(S+V+0+OC) 术语 含义 说明 主语(S) 动作的发出者 谓语(W) 表示“使、让、保持、认为”等意义的 常用动词：make,keep,let,find,call, 及物动词 name,think,consider,leave 宾语(o) 动作的承受者 宾语补足语 补充说明宾语的状态、身份、特征或动 可由名词、形容词、动词原形（不带 (oc) 作 to)、todo、分词等充当 结构公式： 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语 例句： We must keep the room clean. (主：We;谓：keep;宾：the room;补：clean←形容词作宾补) They named the baby Tom. (主：They;谓：named;宾：the baby;补：Tom←名词作宾补) The joke made us laugh. (主：The joke;谓：made;宾：us;补：laugh←-动词原形作宾补) I asked him to come early. (主：I;谓：asked;宾：him;补：to come←-不定式作宾补) 核心考点 说明及示例 双宾：两个宾语之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系(“我给了一本书”≠“我是那本 ★宾补与双 书”)。宾补：宾语和补语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系(“我们让她开心” → 宾的区分 “她开心”)。例：I gave her a gift.(双宾，her与gift无主谓关系)I found the book interesting.(宾补，the book is interesting） 使役动词 make/let/have+宾语+动词原形（不带to)例：Let him go./Mother made me +宾语+动词 clean the room. 原形 感官动词 +宾语+动词 see/watch/hear/notice/feel+宾语+do（全过程)/doing(进行中)例：Isaw 原形/现在分 him leave the room./I saw him playing basketball. 词 think/consid er/find+宾语 固定搭配，形容词作宾补。例：I find it easy./We think him honest.. +形容词 “make+宾语+形容词”结构在语法填空中常考查形容词原形/比较级。例：The 大中考高频 news made us happy./Practice makes you better. 口诀： 宾补补充说明宾，主谓宾后跟个补。 让、保持、发现、认为，形容词名不定式。 3.两大句型易混辨析（中考必考） 对比项 主谓双宾(SVOo) 主谓宾宾补(SVOC) 4个主要成分 4个主要成分 句子成分数量 (S+V+IO+DO) (S+V+O+OC) 间接宾语和直接宾语之 宾语和补语之间有主谓 核心判断 间没有主谓关系 关系 动词特点 多为“给、送、告诉” 多为“使、让、保持、 类 认为”类 动词原形/不定式/to 常见考题 介词to/for的选择 doing的区别 例句 He gave her a flower. He made her happy (her≠a flower) (she is happy) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，10题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.Could you please me your dictionary?I left mine at home A.borrow B.lend C.to lend D.borrowing 2.My mother often me a story before I go to bed. A.tells B.says C.speaks D.talks 3.The teacher asked us the classroom after school. A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned 4.-What did you do yesterday?-I my little brother a model plane A.made B.makes C.making D.am making 5.Don't the baby cry.He is just hungry. A.let B.have C.make D.keep 6.I find important to learn English well. A.that B.this C.it D.its 7.Please pass the salt me.I need it for cooking. A.to B.for C.at D.with 8.The news made everyone Nobody said a word. A.sad B.sadly C.sadness D.sadder 9.We saw a little girl under a tree when we passed by. A.cry B.crying C.to cry D.cried 10.-What do you think of this movie?-I think it me excited. A.made B.makes C.will make D.is making (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 Last Sunday,my father 1. (buy)me a new book.He said he wanted 2. (give)it to me as a birthday gift.The book tells 3. (we)an interesting story about a brave girl.I found the story 4. (touch)and I couldn't stop 5. (read)it. In the story,the girl's mother made 6. (she)practice the piano every day.The girl thought it hard but her mother kept 7. (tell)her,"Practice makes 8. (good)."Finally,the girl became a famous pianist.The story taught 9 (I)a lesson:never give up. I showed the book 10. (to/for)my classmates the next day.They all wanted to borrow it. (三)完成句子 1.请把这本书递给我。Please this book 2.老师让我们每天读英语。The teache1 English every day 3.我发现这个任务很难。I this task 4.她给她妈妈买了一束花。She her mother a bunch of flowers.（或改为介词结构)She bought a bunch of flowers her mother. 5.不要让他等太久。Don't him too long. 6.我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。I someone in the next room 7.他教我如何骑自行车。He me how a bike. 8.父母应该让孩子自己选择。Parents should their children 9.这个笑话使我们大家都笑了。The joke made 10.你能告诉我去车站的路吗？Can you tell the way the station? 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.B;4.A;5.C;6.C;7.A;8.A;9.B;10.C 选择 (二)语法 1.bought 2.to give 3.us 4.touching 5.reading 6.her 7.telling ;8.better; 填空 9.me;10.to 1.pass to me 2.makes read 3.find difficult 4.bought for 5.keep/let; (三)完成 句子 waiting 6.heard singing ;7.taught to ride ,8.let choose by themselves 9.all of us laugh 10.me to 章 语法精讲精练二 1.核心用法与辨析 连词 核心功能 用法说明与例句 连接两个并列成分，表示 “和、并且、然后”。连接 主语时，谓语动词看整体： Tom and I are fiiends.常用于 and 并列、顺承、递进 “祈使句，and+陈述句”结 构，表示“如果… 就…”。 例：Work hard, and you will succeed..(努力工 作，你就会成功。) 连接两个意思相反或相对的 成分，表示“但是、然 而”。不能与 though/although同时出现在一 个句子中（中考重点）。 but 转折、对比 例：He is young,but he knows alot(他虽年轻，但知道很 多。)√正确：Although he is young,he knows a lot..√正 确：He is young,.but he knows alot.X错误：Although he is young,but he knows a lot. 1.表示选择：意为“或 者”。例：Which do you prefer,.tea or coffee?2.用于否 定句：表示“和、也”(= and not)。例：I don't like or 选择、否定、否则 apples or pears.3.表示否则： 常用于“祈使句，or+陈述 句”结构，意为“否则，要 不然”。例：Huyp,or you'll be late. so 因果、结果 连接两个句子，表示“所 以、因此”。前因后果。不 能与because同时出现在一 个句子中（中考重点）。 例：It started to1ain,sowe stayed at home.√正确： Because it rained,we stayed at home.√正确：It rained,.so we stayed at home.X错误： Because it rained,so we stayed at home. 2.易混考点辨析（中考必考） 考点①：or vs and and用于肯定句，or用于否定句。 例：I have and pens and pencils.(我有钢笔和铅笔。) 例：I don't have or pens or pencils.(我没有钢笔和铅笔。) 考点②：“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构 and表示顺承(“那么”)，or表示转折(“否则”)。这是中考单选和完成句子 的高频考点。 例：Keep trying,.and you will make it.(继续尝试，那么你就会成功。) 例：Keep trying,or you will fail.(继续尝试，否则你就会失败。) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.My sister likes reading. I like drawing. A.and B.but C.or D.so 2.Get up early tomorrow, you will miss the early bus. A.and B.but C.or D.so 3.There is no air water on the moon.So nothing can live there. A.and B.but C.or D.so 4.Tom was very tired, he still finished his homework A.and B.but C.or D.so 5.He is a kind man.He often helps the poor the old. A.and B.but C.or D.so 6.-Would you like some coffee tea?-Tea,please. A.and B.but C.or D.so 7.The rain was very heavy, we had to stay at home. A.and B.but C.or D.so 8.I don't like swimming playing basketball.I prefer running. A.and B.but C.or D.so 9.Study hard, you will get good grades in the final exam. A.and B.but C.or D.so 10.The T-shirt is nice, it is too expensive for me A.and B.but C.or D.so (二)语法填空（共10空) 用and、but、or或so填空，每空一词。 1.You can stay at home go out with us,it's up to you 2.He is a clever boy, he doesn't work hard enough 3.She got up late this morning, she was late for school. 4.We should help each other learn from each other. 5.The weather is fine, we decided to go on a picnic 6.-I don't like fish chicken.-What about some beef? 7.Work hard, your dream will come true one day. 8.The dress is beautiful. it makes me look fat.I don't want it. 9.He is a hard-working student, he often stays up late 10.We visited the museum spent the whole afternoon there. (三)完成句子（共10题) 根据中文提示，用and、but、or或so完成句子。 1.快点，否则你就要错过那趟火车了。 Hurry up, 2.她既不会唱歌也不会跳舞。 She can't sing 3.我妈妈很累，但是她还是给我做了晚饭。 My mother was very tired. for me. 4.努力学习，你就会通过这次考试。 Study hard, the exam. 5.这本书很有趣，所以我想再读一遍。 This book is very interesting, again. 6你想喝果汁还是牛奶？ Do you want some juice 7.他不仅聪明而且勤奋。 He is smart 8.他很有钱，但是他并不快乐。 He is very rich, 9.他感觉不舒服，所以他去看医生了。 He didn't feel well, a doctor. 10.别在公交车上跑，否则你会摔倒的。 Don't run on the bus, 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.C;4.B;5.A;6.C;7.D;8.C;9.A;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.or 2.but 3.so 4.and 5.so 6.or 7.and 8.but 9.so 10.and 填空 1.or you will miss the train.2.or dance.3.but she still cooked dinner.4.and you (三)完成 句子 will pass.5.so I want to read it.6.or milk?7.and hard-working.;8.but he is not happy.9.so he went to see.10.or you will fall down.